257 lines
25 KiB
XML
257 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3B46F8D922136D54038BC549B35B2CEB">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F76A2584EA9E8539098B01F4AF83B30B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E0DAB4A92112E59A58BF77E30BB575AE">Gravili, Cinzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6718C2975E800C763886068352EFB57A">Vito, Doris De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2DD0F6666DE1561F87547C8FCFE2DFF7">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A27DB674ADF7FCA68A44223D97D84A1D">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="59041B8E18861E07753AB6C835647A62" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FE494145083DFD46215A899CF044EE14">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="99EEE521B3818D2EF1685A0EAAE3988C">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C6F1232D98EFF615CF0E675145403EDC">Boero, Ferdinando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CE00EB19B323962FFC109DA9E5A80FED">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C21771192ADA00D78B749DC6591DBE9D">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E53975D66130199E8257D407F8B4B937" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="75E5058F2B24CCF16917798B88AD5F3E">3908</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="5DFB04BADAD867A29FB6D1ED153B088C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F887DEFFDFFF929CD6084BD659FE96" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6106997" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591030" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6106997" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887DEFFDFFF929CD6084BD659FE96" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887DEFFDFFF929CD6084BD659FE96" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFDFFF909CD6084BD546F854" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDFFF909CD6084BD556F8CA" blockId="41.[151,623,1794,1853]" box="[151,623,1794,1820]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="D0A681A4FFDFFF909CD6084BD556F8CA" bold="true" box="[151,623,1794,1820]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDFFF909CD6084BD556F8CA" ID-CoL="D3RD" authority="Schuchert, 2007" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,623,1794,1820]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Amphinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bouilloni">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDFFF909CD6084BD556F8CA" bold="true" box="[151,623,1794,1820]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDFFF909CD6084BD6A6F8CA" bold="true" box="[151,415,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Amphinema bouilloni</emphasis>
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Schuchert, 2007
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDFFF909CD6086DD622F8EB" blockId="41.[151,623,1794,1853]" box="[151,283,1828,1853]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFFDFFF909CD6086DD7DCF8EB" box="[151,229,1828,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1410,1432]" captionTargetBox="[601,985,485,1384]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[596,992,481,1389]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 28. Amphinema bouilloni: A, hydranth and medusa bud; B, newly released medusa; C, mature seventy-five-day old medusa (modified after Boero et al. 1997 b). Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, 1.0 mm; C, 2.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242757/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
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A–C
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDFFF909CD60825D546F854" blockId="41.[151,639,1900,1922]" box="[151,639,1900,1922]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">See Schuchert (2007) for a complete synonymy.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFDFFF909CD608E6D338F83A" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDFFF909CD608E6D338F83A" blockId="41.[151,1436,1967,2028]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDFFF909CD608E6D6B4F81E" bold="true" box="[151,397,1967,1992]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Material examined.</emphasis>
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HCUS-S 0 33 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula)—polyp stage; IG 27838 (see Bouillon
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDFFF909E86089CD5C6F83A" box="[711,767,2003,2028]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
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1997)—medusa stage.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFDCFF939C860FDED4CEF888" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDCFF939C860FDED2ACFF66" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,1429,151,176]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939C860FDED668FF66" bold="true" box="[199,337,151,176]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Description</emphasis>
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(based on our own observations;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDCFF939E8A0FD1D4A2FF66" author="Boero" box="[715,923,151,176]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Boero, F., Gravili, C., Denitto, F., Miglietta, M. P. & Bouillon, J. (1997 b) The rediscovery of Codonorchis octaedrus (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae, Pandeidae), with an update of the Mediterranean hydroidomedusan biodiversity. Italian Journal of Zoology, 64 (4), 359 - 365. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009709356223" type="journal article" year="1997" yearSuffix="b">
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Boero
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939F570FD0D476FF66" box="[790,847,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
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1997b
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</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDCFF939F800FDED3FCFF66" box="[961,1221,151,176]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Codonorchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asparagales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="octaedrus">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939F800FDED3FCFF66" box="[961,1221,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Codonorchis octaedrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; Schuchert 2007):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDCFF939C860FF5D56BFE96" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939C860FF5D60AFF03" bold="true" box="[199,307,188,213]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Hydroid.</emphasis>
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Hydrorhiza as creeping stolons; colonies stolonal; hydranths fusiform, sessile, small, 0.25 mm, naked; hypostome short, conical; with 4–6 filiform tentacles in a single whorl; medusa buds each borne on a pedicel of variable length but generally longer than hydranth, arising from hydrorhiza. Colours: hydranth yellow, hypostome white; medusa buds orange.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDCFF939C860E05D258FEB3" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,1377,332,357]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939C860E05D537FEB3" bold="true" box="[199,526,332,357]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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Habitat
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<typeStatus id="54EA886AFFDCFF939D6B0E05D664FEB3" box="[298,349,332,357]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
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and substrate.
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</emphasis>
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Marine cave, on organogenic concretions; depth
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFDCFF9398760E05D349FEB2" box="[1079,1136,332,357]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDCFF93983F0E05D26DFEB3" author="Boero" box="[1150,1364,332,357]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Boero, F., Gravili, C., Denitto, F., Miglietta, M. P. & Bouillon, J. (1997 b) The rediscovery of Codonorchis octaedrus (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae, Pandeidae), with an update of the Mediterranean hydroidomedusan biodiversity. Italian Journal of Zoology, 64 (4), 359 - 365. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009709356223" type="journal article" year="1997" yearSuffix="b">
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Boero
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF93988A0E04D23AFEB3" box="[1227,1283,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
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1997b
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDCFF939C860E26D5FDFE5E" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,708,367,392]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939C860E26D66DFE5E" bold="true" box="[199,340,367,392]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Seasonality.</emphasis>
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September (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDCFF939DA00E39D581FE5E" author="Boero" box="[481,696,367,392]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Boero, F., Gravili, C., Denitto, F., Miglietta, M. P. & Bouillon, J. (1997 b) The rediscovery of Codonorchis octaedrus (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae, Pandeidae), with an update of the Mediterranean hydroidomedusan biodiversity. Italian Journal of Zoology, 64 (4), 359 - 365. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009709356223" type="journal article" year="1997" yearSuffix="b">
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Boero
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939E6F0E38D55FFE5E" box="[558,614,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
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1997b
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDCFF939C860EDDD40DFE7B" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,820,404,429]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939C860EDDD6FDFE7B" bold="true" box="[199,452,404,429]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
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September (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDCFF939E100EDDD41EFE7B" author="Boero" box="[593,807,404,429]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Boero, F., Gravili, C., Denitto, F., Miglietta, M. P. & Bouillon, J. (1997 b) The rediscovery of Codonorchis octaedrus (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae, Pandeidae), with an update of the Mediterranean hydroidomedusan biodiversity. Italian Journal of Zoology, 64 (4), 359 - 365. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009709356223" type="journal article" year="1997" yearSuffix="b">
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Boero
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939EDF0EDCD5EFFE7B" box="[670,726,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
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1997b
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2E6640FFDCFF939CD60ACBD30AFA60" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242757/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[601,985,485,1384]" targetPageId="42">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDCFF939CD60ACBD30AFA60" blockId="42.[151,1435,1410,1463]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939CD60ACBD619FA41" bold="true" box="[151,288,1410,1432]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 28.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDCFF939D660ACBD53BFA4E" box="[295,514,1410,1432]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Amphinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bouilloni">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939D660ACBD53BFA4E" box="[295,514,1410,1432]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amphinema bouilloni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939E510ACBD51BFA41" bold="true" box="[528,546,1410,1431]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
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, hydranth and medusa bud;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939F040ACBD46FFA41" bold="true" box="[837,854,1410,1431]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
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, newly released medusa;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF93981C0ACBD356FA4E" bold="true" box="[1117,1135,1410,1432]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
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, mature seventy-five-day old medusa (modified after Boero
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939D8C0AEBD538FA60" box="[461,513,1440,1463]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
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1997b). Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, 1.0 mm; C, 2.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDCFF939C860A94D45CF97D" blockId="42.[151,1437,1501,2030]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939C860A94D614FA20" bold="true" box="[199,301,1501,1526]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Medusa.</emphasis>
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Adult. Umbrella 2.5 mm wide,
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFDCFF939EF60A97D5C4FA20" box="[695,765,1502,1526]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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high, with a high conical or globular apical projection; manubrium urn-shaped, with wide base, with an apical chamber, without gastric peduncle; mouth cruciform, with 4 simple recurved lips; with mesenteries; 4 broad ribbon-like radial canals with jagged edges; gonads on interradial walls of manubrium only, separated perradially, large, horse-shoe shaped, with some interradial folds; up to 16 marginal bulbs, 2 of which are conical in shape and bear one long opposite hollow marginal tentacle, the others as rudimentary bulbs with tentacle rudiments; all bulbs with ocelli.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDCFF939C8609FCD394F8ED" blockId="42.[151,1437,1501,2030]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Developmental stages. Newly released medusa higher than wide, with small apical projection, exumbrella with numerous nematocysts; manubrium tubular, reaching 1/4 of subumbrellar height; mouth quadratic with 4 small lips; 4 ribbon-like radial canals and ring canal; 4 perradial marginal bulbs, each with an ocellus, one opposite pair of bulbs larger, conical, with a short tentacle on each. Colours: manubrium orange, red ocelli.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDCFF939C86080CD4CEF888" blockId="42.[151,1437,1501,2030]" box="[199,1015,1861,1886]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939C86080CD602F888" bold="true" box="[199,315,1861,1886]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Cnidome.</emphasis>
|
||
Microbasic euryteles and desmonemes (hydroid and medusa).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFDCFF939C860823D3D1F81C" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDCFF939C860823D629F870" blockId="42.[151,1437,1501,2030]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939C860823D659F855" bold="true" box="[199,352,1898,1923]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Mediterranean Sea near Otranto, between Adriatic and Ionian Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDCFF9398120823D21EF855" author="Boero" box="[1107,1319,1898,1923]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Boero, F., Gravili, C., Denitto, F., Miglietta, M. P. & Bouillon, J. (1997 b) The rediscovery of Codonorchis octaedrus (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae, Pandeidae), with an update of the Mediterranean hydroidomedusan biodiversity. Italian Journal of Zoology, 64 (4), 359 - 365. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009709356223" type="journal article" year="1997" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Boero
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF9398DE0822D3EEF855" box="[1183,1239,1898,1923]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDCFF9399730823D63DF870" author="Gravili" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF9399C90822D78DF870" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDCFF939C8608FBD3D1F81C" blockId="42.[151,1437,1501,2030]" box="[199,1256,1970,1995]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939C8608FBD697F81D" bold="true" box="[199,430,1970,1995]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
|
||
Rare at Otranto (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDCFF939E3108FBD431F81D" author="Denitto" box="[624,776,1970,1995]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Denitto, F. (1996) Etologia alimentare e cicli vitali di alcune specie di Hydroidomedusae: Anthomedusae / Filifera e Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa). Degree Thesis, Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 176 pp." type="book" year="1996">Denitto 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDCFF939F5508FAD4DEF81D" author="Boero" box="[788,999,1970,1995]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Boero, F., Gravili, C., Denitto, F., Miglietta, M. P. & Bouillon, J. (1997 b) The rediscovery of Codonorchis octaedrus (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae, Pandeidae), with an update of the Mediterranean hydroidomedusan biodiversity. Italian Journal of Zoology, 64 (4), 359 - 365. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009709356223" type="journal article" year="1997" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Boero
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939F1E08FAD4AEF81D" box="[863,919,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDCFF939FB208FBD3E5F81C" author="Miglietta" box="[1011,1244,1970,1995]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L., Denitto, F., Gravili, C., Pagliara, P., Bouillon, J. & Boero, F. (2000) Approaches to the ethology of hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 63 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 163" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Miglietta
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF93982108FAD3A0F81D" box="[1120,1177,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFDCFF929C86089CD480FF2E" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDCFF929C86089CD480FF2E" blockId="42.[151,1437,1501,2030]" lastBlockId="43.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDCFF939C86089CD602F838" bold="true" box="[199,315,2005,2030]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The whole life cycle was examined in the present study. This species was originally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDDFF929CD60FDED6A5FF66" box="[151,412,151,176]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Codonorchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asparagales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="octaedrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDDFF929CD60FDED6A5FF66" box="[151,412,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Codonorchis octaedrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDDFF929D860FD1D597FF66" box="[455,686,151,176]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Boero, F., Gravili, C., Denitto, F., Miglietta, M. P. & Bouillon, J. (1997 b) The rediscovery of Codonorchis octaedrus (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae, Pandeidae), with an update of the Mediterranean hydroidomedusan biodiversity. Italian Journal of Zoology, 64 (4), 359 - 365. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009709356223" type="journal article">
|
||
Boero
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDDFF929E530FD0D572FF66" box="[530,587,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1997b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Schuchert (2007) disagreed with this identification, and described it as a new species, as it lacks the crucial feature of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDDFF929FDA0FF5D312FF03" box="[923,1067,188,213]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Codonorchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asparagales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDDFF929FDA0FF5D312FF03" box="[923,1067,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Codonorchis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the gonads that extend to the subumbrella (this feature is unique and renders the genus very distinct).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFDDFF929C860E4DD659FE96" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDDFF929C860E4DD659FE96" blockId="43.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDDFF929C860E4DD669FECB" bold="true" box="[199,336,260,285]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">References.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDDFF929D1D0E4CD56BFECB" box="[348,594,260,285]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Boero, F., Gravili, C., Denitto, F., Miglietta, M. P. & Bouillon, J. (1997 b) The rediscovery of Codonorchis octaedrus (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae, Pandeidae), with an update of the Mediterranean hydroidomedusan biodiversity. Italian Journal of Zoology, 64 (4), 359 - 365. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009709356223" type="journal article">
|
||
Boero
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDDFF929DEC0E4CD6D2FECB" box="[429,491,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1997b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Gravili (2006) both as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDDFF929F380E4DD3BAFECB" box="[889,1155,260,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Codonorchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asparagales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="octaedrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDDFF929F380E4DD3BAFECB" box="[889,1155,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Codonorchis octaedrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDDFF9298D90E4DD2AEFECA" box="[1176,1431,260,285]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDDFF9298B50E4CD208FECB" box="[1268,1329,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Schuchert (2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |