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<document id="EE385419FB3D5B63409FD1A1973DC60B" ID-CLB-Dataset="42365" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6f1d1977-6b97-4789-828c-76ed250cf1ae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="242729" ID-ZooBank="D6AD2B49-170B-4D9C-84AA-DBE0FEEAD8BE" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460936415633" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gravili, Cinzia, Vito, Doris De, Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di, Martell, Luis, Piraino, Stefano &amp; Boero, Ferdinando" docDate="2015" docId="03F887DEFFD8FF969CD60F97D5ACFD7E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03908p187.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3908 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Thecocodium brieni Bouillon 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFC1FFA6FFF6FFB99C410F49D739FFD6" masterDocTitle="The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide" masterLastPageNumber="187" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1698583517399" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5F1AD20A358508C0A6282FF24CA4F7B7">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2D501463739361199A966EC047EFFAAD">Gravili, Cinzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A3393B2F3FD00F0CF25D12C5915F55F7">Vito, Doris De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E2482F189F4084516357CDF56682E2BB">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="84915574CEE234C6DF1D14143A367C01">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B5696C68CE64F5CA4661503B2FB6499A">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="73A7F23C12099F8B2A92AC1F83536A3A">Boero, Ferdinando</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03F887DEFFD8FF969CD60F97D5ACFD7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107003" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591057" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107003" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887DEFFD8FF969CD60F97D5ACFD7E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887DEFFD8FF969CD60F97D5ACFD7E" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFD8FF979CD60F97D546FE89" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD8FF979CD60F97D57CFF2E" blockId="46.[151,581,222,282]" box="[151,581,222,248]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<heading id="D0A681A4FFD8FF979CD60F97D57CFF2E" bold="true" box="[151,581,222,248]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD8FF979CD60F97D57CFF2E" ID-CoL="5673B" authority="Bouillon, 1967" authorityName="Bouillon" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,581,222,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptilocodiidae" genus="Thecocodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brieni">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD8FF979CD60F97D57CFF2E" bold="true" box="[151,581,222,248]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD8FF979CD60F97D6B3FF2E" bold="true" box="[151,394,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Thecocodium brieni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD8FF979DD30F97D57CFF2E" author="Bouillon" box="[402,581,222,248]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Bouillon, J. (1967) Revision de la famille des Ptilocodiidae avec la description d'un nouveau genre et d'une nouvelle espece. Bulletin de l'Academie Royale de Belgique, 53 (9), 1106 - 1131." type="journal article" year="1967">Bouillon, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD8FF979CD60E48D625FECF" blockId="46.[151,581,222,282]" box="[151,284,257,282]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFFD8FF979CD60E48D7DDFECF" box="[151,228,257,282]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1310,1332]" captionTargetBox="[447,1105,452,1248]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[436,1148,403,1281]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 31. Thecocodium brieni: A, colony with dactylozooids and gastrozooids; B, gonozoid with gonophore; C, dactylozooid; D, nematocysts (B, C same scale bar) (drawn by C. G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, C, 0.1 mm; D, 15 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242760/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
AD
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD8FF979CD60E00D546FE89" blockId="46.[151,639,329,351]" box="[151,639,329,351]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">See Schuchert (2009) for a complete synonymy.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2E6640FFD8FF979CD60A57D7F9FAA7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242760/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[447,1105,452,1248]" targetPageId="46">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD8FF979CD60A57D7F9FAA7" blockId="46.[151,1435,1310,1393]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD8FF979CD60A57D61EFAE5" bold="true" box="[151,295,1310,1332]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 31.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD8FF979D740A57D531FAE2" box="[309,520,1310,1332]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptilocodiidae" genus="Thecocodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brieni">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD8FF979D740A57D531FAE2" box="[309,520,1310,1332]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Thecocodium brieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD8FF979E5C0A57D516FAE5" bold="true" box="[541,559,1310,1331]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
, colony with dactylozooids and gastrozooids;
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD8FF9798740A57D37FFAE5" bold="true" box="[1077,1094,1310,1331]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
, gonozoid with gonophore;
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD8FF9799C20A57D2ACFAE2" bold="true" box="[1411,1429,1310,1332]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
, dactylozooid;
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD8FF979D690A74D603FA84" bold="true" box="[296,314,1341,1362]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">D</emphasis>
, nematocysts (B, C same scale bar) (drawn by C.G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, C, 0.1 mm; D, 15 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFD8FF979CD60AD1D2ACFA67" box="[151,1429,1432,1457]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD8FF979CD60AD1D2ACFA67" blockId="46.[151,1437,1432,2033]" box="[151,1429,1432,1457]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD8FF979CD60AD1D6B9FA67" bold="true" box="[151,384,1432,1457]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Material examined.</emphasis>
HCUS-S 0 36 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFD8FF969C860AF5D59FFECB" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD8FF979C860AF5D6DDFA2F" blockId="46.[151,1437,1432,2033]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD8FF979C860AF5D668FA03" bold="true" box="[199,337,1468,1493]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Description</emphasis>
(based on our own observations;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD8FF979EA40AF5D4B4FA03" author="Bouillon" box="[741,909,1468,1493]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Bouillon, J. (1967) Revision de la famille des Ptilocodiidae avec la description d'un nouveau genre et d'une nouvelle espece. Bulletin de l'Academie Royale de Belgique, 53 (9), 1106 - 1131." type="journal article" year="1967">Bouillon 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD8FF979FDC0AF5D395FA03" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[925,1196,1468,1493]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD8FF9798FA0AF5D7EBFA2F" author="Edwards" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Edwards, C. &amp; Harvey, S. M. (1983) Observations on the hydroids Coryne pintneri and Thecocodium brieni new to the British list. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 63 (1), 37 - 47. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 002531540004978 x" type="journal article" year="1983">Edwards &amp; Harvey 1983</bibRefCitation>
; Schuchert 2009, 2012):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD8FF979C86094DD255F8EB" blockId="46.[151,1437,1432,2033]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD8FF979C86094DD60AF9CB" bold="true" box="[199,307,1540,1565]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Hydroid.</emphasis>
Hydrorhiza as an irregular network of anastomosing stolons, enclosed in thin perisarc; colonies stolonal, small, polymorphic; gastrozooids bottle-shaped, pink coloured, naked; hypostome opaque white; without tentacles; dactylozooids tubular, elongated, translucent colourless with white capitula, more numerous than gastrozooids, without internal cavity or apical orifice, with 45 capitate apical tentacles, retractile; gonozooids similar to gastrozooids from which they develop when one single gonophore grows from the near the base of polyp. Gonophores, as fixed sporosacs; males (styloid
<typeStatus id="54EA886AFFD8FF979F4B09F0D405F907" box="[778,828,1721,1745]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
) a simple bulbous evagination of body wall, females with vestiges of radial canals forming 4 pouches around the spadix; occasionally female gonophores also containing spermatogonia, several oogonia develop, but usually only 2 mature eggs that develop to planula
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD8FF97990E084BD2ADF8CF" box="[1359,1428,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">in situ</emphasis>
. Colours: stolons and gastro-gonozooids pink, hypostomes white, dactylozooids colourless with white capitula.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD8FF979C860801D7C4F853" blockId="46.[151,1437,1432,2033]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD8FF979C860801D602F8B7" bold="true" box="[199,315,1864,1889]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Cnidome.</emphasis>
Microbasic euryteles, discharged shaft about as long as capsule; desmonemes with relatively long capsules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD8FF979C8608D9D257F87F" blockId="46.[151,1437,1432,2033]" box="[199,1390,1936,1961]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD8FF979C8608D9D65DF87F" bold="true" box="[199,356,1936,1961]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Habitat
<typeStatus id="54EA886AFFD8FF979D6B08D9D666F87F" box="[298,351,1936,1961]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Rocky cliffs, in depths of
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFD8FF979ECC08D8D5C9F87E" box="[653,752,1937,1961]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.02" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="101.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="2.0">2200 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD8FF979EBF08D9D332F87F" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[766,1035,1936,1961]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD8FF97985708D9D39AF87F" author="Calder" box="[1046,1187,1936,1961]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Calder, D. R. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1998) Some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 319, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder 1998</bibRefCitation>
; Schuchert 2009).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD8FF979C8608FDD34CF827" blockId="46.[151,1437,1432,2033]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD8FF979C8608FDD678F81B" bold="true" box="[199,321,1972,1997]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Substrate.</emphasis>
Concretions and other substrates such as stones, rocks, oyster shells, calcareous tubes of polychaete worms, algae, tunics of ascidians, sponges and at the base of
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD8FF979F020893D49BF827" box="[835,930,2010,2033]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD8FF979F020893D49BF827" box="[835,930,2010,2033]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Muricea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (Octocorallia).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD9FF969C860FDED424FF03" blockId="47.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF969C860FDED66DFF66" bold="true" box="[199,340,151,176]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Seasonality.</emphasis>
In the Ligurian Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969E180FD1D472FF66" author="Boero" box="[601,843,151,176]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
) in November; in Salento waters in February and November (De Vito 2006;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969D820FF5D5ACFF02" author="Piraino" box="[451,661,188,213]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. &amp; Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article" year="2013">
Piraino
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF969E5A0FF4D56AFF03" box="[539,595,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
; this study).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD9FF969C860F96D59FFECB" blockId="47.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF969C860F96D6FEFF2E" bold="true" box="[199,455,223,248]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
In the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian Seas, fertile colonies occur from April to November (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969CDF0E4DD693FECA" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[158,426,260,285]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969DF70E4CD5A0FECB" author="Boero" box="[438,665,260,285]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFD9FF969C860E6ED487FE06" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD9FF969C860E6ED7D9FE5E" blockId="47.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF969C860E6ED659FE96" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Distribution.</emphasis>
Eastern and western North Atlantic, Mediterranean (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969F8E0E6ED340FE96" author="Bouillon" box="[975,1145,295,320]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Bouillon, J. (1967) Revision de la famille des Ptilocodiidae avec la description d'un nouveau genre et d'une nouvelle espece. Bulletin de l'Academie Royale de Belgique, 53 (9), 1106 - 1131." type="journal article" year="1967">Bouillon 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF9698C80E6ED2AEFE96" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[1161,1431,295,320]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969CD60E05D68DFEB2" author="Edwards" box="[151,436,332,357]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Edwards, C. &amp; Harvey, S. M. (1983) Observations on the hydroids Coryne pintneri and Thecocodium brieni new to the British list. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 63 (1), 37 - 47. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 002531540004978 x" type="journal article" year="1983">Edwards &amp; Harvey 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969D800E04D59EFEB3" author="Boero" box="[449,679,332,357]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero &amp; Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969EF20E05D479FEB2" author="Calder" box="[691,832,332,357]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Calder, D. R. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1998) Some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 319, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder 1998</bibRefCitation>
; Bouillon
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF969FF60E04D4C9FEB3" box="[951,1008,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
2004;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF96987E0E05D219FEB2" author="Gravili" box="[1087,1312,332,357]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. &amp; Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Gravili
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF9698D60E04D3E9FEB3" box="[1175,1232,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
2008a
</bibRefCitation>
; Schuchert 2009).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD9FF969C860EDDD487FE06" blockId="47.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF969C860EDDD689FE7B" bold="true" box="[199,432,404,429]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
Rare at S.ta Caterina (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969EF30EDDD499FE7A" author="Miglietta" box="[690,928,404,429]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L., Denitto, F., Gravili, C., Pagliara, P., Bouillon, J. &amp; Boero, F. (2000) Approaches to the ethology of hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. &amp; Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 63 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 163" type="journal article" year="2000">
Miglietta
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF969F620EDCD465FE7B" box="[803,860,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
), and Otranto (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF96980B0EDDD20EFE7A" author="Miglietta" box="[1098,1335,404,429]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L., Denitto, F., Gravili, C., Pagliara, P., Bouillon, J. &amp; Boero, F. (2000) Approaches to the ethology of hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. &amp; Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 63 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 163" type="journal article" year="2000">
Miglietta
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF9698FB0EDCD3CDFE7B" box="[1210,1268,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
; De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969D3A0EFED561FE06" author="Gravili" box="[379,600,439,464]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. &amp; Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Gravili
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF969D900EF0D53BFE06" box="[465,514,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
. 2008a
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969E220EFED40FFE06" author="Piraino" box="[611,822,439,464]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. &amp; Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article" year="2013">
Piraino
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF969EFA0EF0D5CDFE06" box="[699,756,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
; this study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFD9FF969C860E95D5AAFDEB" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD9FF969C860E95D5AAFDEB" blockId="47.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF969C860E95D602FE23" bold="true" box="[199,315,476,501]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Remarks.</emphasis>
The dactylozooids of
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD9FF969E760E95D421FE23" box="[567,792,476,501]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptilocodiidae" genus="Thecocodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brieni">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF969E760E95D421FE23" box="[567,792,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Thecocodium brieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are used both for defense and for food capture. Nutritive hydranths stretch out and bend over prey-laden dactylozooids, picking up the food (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF9698C40EB6D2AEFDCE" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[1157,1431,511,536]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969CD60D6DD688FDEA" author="Edwards" box="[151,433,548,573]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Edwards, C. &amp; Harvey, S. M. (1983) Observations on the hydroids Coryne pintneri and Thecocodium brieni new to the British list. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 63 (1), 37 - 47. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 002531540004978 x" type="journal article" year="1983">Edwards &amp; Harvey 1983</bibRefCitation>
; own observations).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFD9FF969C860D0ED5ACFD7E" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD9FF969C860D0ED5ACFD7E" blockId="47.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF969C860D0ED669FDB6" bold="true" box="[199,336,583,608]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">References.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969D160D0ED537FDB6" author="Bouillon" box="[343,526,583,608]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Bouillon, J. (1967) Revision de la famille des Ptilocodiidae avec la description d'un nouveau genre et d'une nouvelle espece. Bulletin de l'Academie Royale de Belgique, 53 (9), 1106 - 1131." type="journal article" year="1967">Bouillon (1967)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969E5B0D0ED40FFDB6" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[538,822,583,608]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss (1970)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969F020D0ED3BBFDB6" author="Edwards" box="[835,1154,583,608]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Edwards, C. &amp; Harvey, S. M. (1983) Observations on the hydroids Coryne pintneri and Thecocodium brieni new to the British list. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 63 (1), 37 - 47. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 002531540004978 x" type="journal article" year="1983">Edwards and Harvey (1983)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF9698CE0D01D2AEFDB6" author="Boero" box="[1167,1431,583,608]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero and Fresi (1986)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969CD60D25D60CFD52" author="Calder" box="[151,309,620,645]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow water hydroids of Bermuda. The Athecatae. Life Science Contributions Royal Ontario Museum, 148, 1 - 107. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1988">Calder (1988)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969D000D25D500FD52" box="[321,569,620,645]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L., Denitto, F., Gravili, C., Pagliara, P., Bouillon, J. &amp; Boero, F. (2000) Approaches to the ethology of hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. &amp; Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 63 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 163" type="journal article">
Miglietta
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF969DEF0D24D6DFFD53" box="[430,486,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
, Bouillon
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF969EEC0D24D5DCFD53" box="[685,741,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
(2004), De Vito (2006), Gravili (2006),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF9698E80D25D2AEFD52" box="[1193,1431,620,645]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. &amp; Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article">
Gravili
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF9698BE0D24D20EFD53" box="[1279,1335,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
(2008a)
</bibRefCitation>
, Schuchert (2009, 2012),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD9FF969DEC0DC6D5A8FD7E" box="[429,657,655,680]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. &amp; Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article">
Piraino
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD9FF969E450DD8D505FD7E" box="[516,572,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>