382 lines
43 KiB
XML
382 lines
43 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="248B062B65E6DA2BA94E5CF132F2B23B">
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<mods:title id="D88EE210437C1CA4F1D48F5854E5749E">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DF7CAE1308E632C64BE89A0941AE3811">Gravili, Cinzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0EFA18D4A08C3FCDE8C8FF641E83A383">Vito, Doris De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4291BEBFF39B8309D9D8F3937D57D7FE">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="8A9F77D084C2C61CAE9B1D2660565D42">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="16472C34852AE76ED33ED1D66481A151">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5A55A1EAEE70859AFC22DC454148A905">Boero, Ferdinando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F52CC36921A24BE61E624AC01D2171A0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D38A348F0A41DF05765B80B640C497D6">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="91037202AE79CC38DE550DAB403FF1F2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CFAFDF408B365FB17563C7053724835E">3908</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F887DEFFD1FF919CD60EF9D6F3FB3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6106988" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591054" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6106988" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887DEFFD1FF919CD60EF9D6F3FB3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887DEFFD1FF919CD60EF9D6F3FB3E" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFD1FF9E9CD60EF9D546FDE6" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD1FF9E9CD60EF9D55DFE1C" blockId="39.[151,612,432,491]" box="[151,612,432,458]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="D0A681A4FFD1FF9E9CD60EF9D55DFE1C" bold="true" box="[151,612,432,458]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD1FF9E9CD60EF9D55DFE1C" ID-CoL="59R4M" authority="Weismann, 1883" authorityName="Weismann" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,612,432,458]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dohrnii">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9CD60EF9D55DFE1C" bold="true" box="[151,612,432,458]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9CD60EF9D644FE1C" bold="true" box="[151,381,432,458]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Turritopsis dohrnii</emphasis>
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(Weismann, 1883)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD1FF9E9CD60E9BD622FE3C" blockId="39.[151,612,432,491]" box="[151,283,466,491]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFFD1FF9E9CD60E9BD7DEFE3D" box="[151,231,466,491]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[251,1339,600,1316]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[248,1344,597,1319]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 26. Turritopsis dohrnii: A, hydranths with medusa buds; B, medusa (drawn by F. Boero). Scale bars: A, B, 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242755/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
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A, B
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD1FF9E9CD60D53D546FDE6" blockId="39.[151,639,538,560]" box="[151,639,538,560]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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See
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD1FF9E9C830D53D648FDE6" author="Schuchert" box="[194,369,538,560]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111 (2), 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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for a complete synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF2E6640FFD1FF9E9CD60A78D2A9FA91" box="[151,1424,1329,1351]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242755/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[251,1339,600,1316]" targetPageId="39">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD1FF9E9CD60A78D2A9FA91" blockId="39.[151,1424,1329,1351]" box="[151,1424,1329,1351]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9CD60A78D626FA90" bold="true" box="[151,287,1329,1351]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 26.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD1FF9E9D640A7BD6DFFA91" box="[293,486,1329,1351]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dohrnii">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9D640A7BD6DFFA91" box="[293,486,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Turritopsis dohrnii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9DB20A78D53CFA90" bold="true" box="[499,517,1329,1350]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A</emphasis>
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, hydranths with medusa buds;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9F010A78D468FA90" bold="true" box="[832,849,1329,1350]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B</emphasis>
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, medusa (drawn by F. Boero). Scale bars: A, B, 1.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFD1FF9E9CD60A27D5F5FA7D" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD1FF9E9CD60A27D5F5FA7D" blockId="39.[151,1437,1390,2027]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9CD60A27D6BBFA51" bold="true" box="[151,386,1390,1415]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Material examined.</emphasis>
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HCUS-S 031p and HCUS-S 031m (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento— fauna of the Salento Peninsula)—polyp and medusa stages.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFD1FF919C860AFFD5C7FDEB" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD1FF9E9C860AFFD31DFA19" blockId="39.[151,1437,1390,2027]" box="[199,1060,1462,1487]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9C860AFFD66BFA19" bold="true" box="[199,338,1462,1487]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Description</emphasis>
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(based on our own observations;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD1FF9E9E8A0AFFD461FA19" author="Calder" box="[715,856,1462,1487]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow water hydroids of Bermuda. The Athecatae. Life Science Contributions Royal Ontario Museum, 148, 1 - 107. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1988">Calder 1988</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD1FF9E9F220AFFD32EFA19" author="Schuchert" box="[867,1047,1462,1487]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111 (2), 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert 2004</bibRefCitation>
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):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD1FF9E9C860A93D57EF939" blockId="39.[151,1437,1390,2027]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9C860A93D60AFA25" bold="true" box="[199,307,1498,1523]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Hydroid.</emphasis>
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Colonies stolonal or erect; hydrocaulus monosiphonic in small colonies, polysiphonic in larger ones, irregularly branched, decreasing in diameter from base to distal end, covered by a firm perisarc consisting of two layers and mostly infested with detritus and algae, without annulations and terminating below hydranth base; hydrocladia adnate and parallel to hydrocaulus or to other branches for some distance before curving away at an acute angle and becoming free; hydranths terminal, fusiform and elongated, naked; hypostome conical and elongated; with 12–20 filiform tentacles scattered over distal ¾ of hydranth, proximal ones shorter than distal; medusa buds pyriform, enclosed in perisarc, arising mostly one by one on a short pedicel below hydranth. Colours: hydranths in life colourless or pinkish.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD1FF9E9C8609B3D51CF88D" blockId="39.[151,1437,1390,2027]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9C8609B3D65FF8C5" bold="true" box="[199,358,1786,1811]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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Habitat
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<typeStatus id="54EA886AFFD1FF9E9D6A09B3D659F8C5" box="[299,352,1786,1811]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The hydroid is present on rocky shores, between 0 and
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFD1FF9E9FAC09B2D313F8C4" box="[1005,1066,1787,1811]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
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, under overhangs constituted by either rocks or conspicuous animals (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD1FF9E9E170856D474F8E1" author="Boero" box="[598,845,1822,1847]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
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||
; Bavestrello
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9FAD0856D312F8E1" box="[1004,1067,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
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1992;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD1FF9E98C50856D66DF88D" author="Pena" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Puce et
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9DF9080BD6ECF88D" box="[440,469,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">al.</emphasis>
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2009).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD1FF9E9C86082FD278F875" blockId="39.[151,1437,1390,2027]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9C86082FD678F8A9" bold="true" box="[199,321,1894,1919]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Substrate.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD1FF9E9D0D082FD436F8A9" authority="(Echinodermata)" baseAuthorityName="Echinodermata" box="[332,783,1894,1919]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Dorocidaris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="papillata">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9D0D082FD57DF8A9" box="[332,580,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Dorocidaris papillata</emphasis>
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(Echinodermata)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD1FF9E9F5F082FD3B2F8A9" authority="Octocorallia" authorityName="Octocorallia" box="[798,1163,1894,1919]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9F5F082FD4E6F8A9" box="[798,991,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Isidella elongata</emphasis>
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||
(Octocorallia)
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</taxonomicName>
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, on tubes of Serpulida, sponges; algae such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD1FF9E9DDA08C3D530F875" box="[411,521,1930,1955]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9DDA08C3D530F875" box="[411,521,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Halimeda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFD1FF9E9E5608C3D592F875" box="[535,683,1930,1955]" class="Rhodophyceae" family="Peyssonneliaceae" genus="Peyssonnelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9E5608C3D592F875" box="[535,683,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Peyssonnelia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, barnacles, bryozoans, hydrozoans, concretions on mussel.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFD1FF9E9C8608E7D3BCF83C" blockId="39.[151,1437,1390,2027]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9C8608E7D66DF811" bold="true" box="[199,340,1966,1991]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Seasonality.</emphasis>
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In the Ligurian Sea, in March, April, June–December (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFD1FF9E9FFE08E6D39DF811" author="Boero" box="[959,1188,1966,1991]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and in January–May (Puce
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFD1FF9E9C9C089AD62FF83D" box="[221,278,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009); from March to December (De Vito 2006; this study) in Salento waters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDEFF919C860FDED273FF03" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919C860FDED6FEFF66" bold="true" box="[199,455,151,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
|
||
In the Ligurian Sea, fertile colonies occur in July, August, October (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF9198B20FD1D7EAFF03" author="Boero" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and in May (Puce
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919DF20FF4D6D2FF03" box="[435,491,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009); from August to October in Salento waters (De Vito 2006; this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDEFF919C860F96D5C2FE06" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919C860F96D614FF2E" bold="true" box="[199,301,223,248]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Medusa.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult. Umbrella bell-shaped to pyriform, higher than wide, 3.2 mm in diameter, up to 2.7 mm in height, mesoglea thicker at apex; manubrium cross-shaped in transverse section, large, mounted on pseudopeduncle with 4 radial canals which appears to overtop 4 compact vacuolated endodermal masses situated above digestive part of manubrium; mouth 4 lipped, with a continuous row of sessile cnidocyst clusters along margin; gonads with 4 interradial dots, arranged in 4 distinct interradial blocks, gonochoristic; with 14–32 closely spaced marginal tentacles with swollen tips; with adaxial ocelli. Colours: manubrium red, ocelli rust coloured, gonads brownish, with 4 interradial rust coloured dots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDEFF919C860E95D202FDCE" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Developmental stages. Newly released medusa with interradial pads on manubrium, vacuolated cells visible, with 8–12 marginal tentacles. Colours: pads yellow-fluorescent (paler to colourless in cultivated animals).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDEFF919C860D6DD5C7FDEB" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,1256]" box="[199,766,548,573]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919C860D6DD602FDEB" bold="true" box="[199,315,548,573]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Cnidome.</emphasis>
|
||
Desmonemes and microbasic euryteles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFDEFF919C860D0ED3D1FC8A" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDEFF919C860D0ED53FFD26" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919C860D0ED659FDB6" bold="true" box="[199,352,583,608]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Western Mediterranean, Ionian Sea, Adriatic Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919FD40D0ED3C5FDB6" author="Medel" box="[917,1276,583,608]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Medel, M. D. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel & López-González 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF9199460D01D6FBFD52" author="Pena" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919E760D24D556FD53" box="[567,623,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919EFC0D25D456FD52" author="Schuchert" box="[701,879,620,645]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111 (2), 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919F3A0D25D361FD52" author="Gravili" box="[891,1112,620,645]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919F900D24D33BFD53" box="[977,1026,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF9198220D25D7EDFD7E" author="Soto" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Soto Angel, J. J. & Pena Cantero, A. L. (2013) Shallow-water benthic hydroids from the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean). Marine Ecology, 34 (s 1), 177 - 196. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / maec. 12035" type="journal article" year="2013">Soto Ãngel & Peña Cantero 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDEFF919DD00DD8D52AFD7E" box="[401,531,655,680]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919DD00DD8D52AFD7E" box="[401,531,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919E7C0DC6D5D7FD7E" author="Schmidt" box="[573,750,655,680]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Schmidt, H. E. (1973) Biogeographical problems of the Red Sea area exemplified by hydroids. In: Zeitschel, B. & Gerlach, S. A. (Eds.), The Biology of the Indian Ocean. Ecological studies, Analysis and Synthesis, 3, pp. 283 - 287. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 65468 - 8 _ 22" type="journal article" year="1973">Schmidt (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919EBB0DC6D489FD7E" author="Dowidar" box="[762,944,655,680]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowidar, N. M. (1984) Medusae of the Egyptian Mediterranean waters. In: Rapport de Journees d'etude sur la proliferation anormales de meduses en Mediterranee. United Nations Environment Programme, pp. 9 - 16." type="book chapter" year="1984">Dowidar (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919FFD0DD9D34FFD7E" author="Goy" box="[956,1142,655,680]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Goy, J., Lakkis, S. & Zeidane, R. (1988) Les Meduses de la Mediterranee orientale. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions Commision Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, Monaco, 31 (2), 299." type="journal article" year="1988">
|
||
Goy
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919FB20DD8D312FD7E" box="[1011,1067,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1988
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF9198C00DD9D382FD7E" author="Goy" box="[1153,1211,656,680]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Goy, J., Lakkis, S. & Zeidane, R. (1990) Les Meduses de la Mediterranee orientale. In: Godeaux, J. (Ed.), A propos des migrations lessepsiennes. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, No. Spec. 7, pp. 79 - 88." type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF9198860DD9D23BFD7E" author="Goy" box="[1223,1282,656,680]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Goy, J., Lakkis, S. & Zeidane, R. (1991) Les meduses (Cnidaria) des eaux Libanaises. The medusae Cnidaria of Lebanese waters. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, 67 (2), 99 - 128." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF9199070DC6D7D8FD1A" author="Zakaria" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Zakaria Howaida, Y. (2004) Pelagic coelenterates in the waters of the western part of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast during summer and winter. Oceanologia, 46 (2), 253 - 268." type="journal article" year="2004">Zakaria (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the eastern Mediterranean do not provide sufficient data to evaluate the taxonomic status of their specimens (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919D070D9ED6C2FD26" author="Schuchert" box="[326,507,727,752]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111 (2), 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDEFF919C860DB5D3D1FC8A" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919C860DB5D68BFCC3" bold="true" box="[199,434,764,789]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
|
||
Moderately frequent at: Palude del Capitano (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919F890DB5D354FCC2" author="Presicce" box="[968,1133,764,789]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Presicce, M. M. (1991) Gli idroidi (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) del litorale salentino. Degree Thesis, Marine Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 143 pp." type="book" year="1991">Presicce 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Gulf of Taranto (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF9199070DB5D7EAFCEE" author="Denitto" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Denitto, F. (1996) Etologia alimentare e cicli vitali di alcune specie di Hydroidomedusae: Anthomedusae / Filifera e Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa). Degree Thesis, Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 176 pp." type="book" year="1996">Denitto 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Otranto, Porto Cesareo (Ionian and Adriatic Seas, Apulia) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919FD80C56D30DFCEE" author="Denitto" box="[921,1076,799,824]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Denitto, F. (1996) Etologia alimentare e cicli vitali di alcune specie di Hydroidomedusae: Anthomedusae / Filifera e Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa). Degree Thesis, Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 176 pp." type="book" year="1996">Denitto 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF9198030C56D20AFCEE" author="Miglietta" box="[1090,1331,799,824]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L., Denitto, F., Gravili, C., Pagliara, P., Bouillon, J. & Boero, F. (2000) Approaches to the ethology of hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 63 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 163" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Miglietta
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF9198F20C68D3DFFCEE" box="[1203,1254,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919D3A0C0DD561FC8A" author="Gravili" box="[379,600,836,861]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919D900C0CD530FC8B" box="[465,521,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this study); S.ta Caterina (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919FC60C0DD326FC8B" author="Denitto" box="[903,1055,836,861]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Denitto, F. (1996) Etologia alimentare e cicli vitali di alcune specie di Hydroidomedusae: Anthomedusae / Filifera e Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa). Degree Thesis, Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 176 pp." type="book" year="1996">Denitto 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF91986B0C0DD3E4FC8A" author="Andreano" box="[1066,1245,836,861]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Andreano, F. (2007) Identificazione degli idroidi (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) nella fascia batimetrica dei 0 - 5 m. Degree Thesis, Marine Biology, University of Salento, 152 pp." type="book" year="2007">Andreano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFDEFF919C860C2ED3F2FBE2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDEFF919C860C2ED3F2FBE2" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919C860C2ED602FC56" bold="true" box="[199,315,871,896]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The whole life cycle was examined in the present study. This species differs mainly from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDEFF91996D0C20D7C7FC73" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF91996D0C20D7C7FC73" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Turritopis nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the size of the bell, 1.8–2.7 mm for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDEFF919E9D0CC4D474FC73" box="[732,845,908,933]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dohrnii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919E9D0CC4D474FC73" box="[732,845,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">T. dohrnii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFDEFF919F390CC5D4E0FC72" box="[888,985,908,933]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDEFF91984F0CC4D3ADFC73" box="[1038,1172,908,933]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF91984F0CC4D3ADFC73" box="[1038,1172,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and by the number of tentacles 14–32 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDEFF919D390CF8D6DEFC1E" box="[376,487,943,968]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dohrnii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919D390CF8D6DEFC1E" box="[376,487,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">T. dohrnii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
40 to 120 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDEFF919ECC0CF8D329FC1E" authority="Bouillon et al. 2004" authorityName="Bouillon et al." authorityYear="2004" box="[653,1040,943,968]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919ECC0CF8D428FC1E" box="[653,785,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
(Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919FCD0CF8D4FFFC1E" box="[908,966,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is however not excluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDEFF9199C60CF8D7D3FC3B" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dohrnii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF9199C60CF8D7D3FC3B" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">T. dohrnii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDEFF919D630C9CD69CFC3B" box="[290,421,980,1005]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919D630C9CD69CFC3B" box="[290,421,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coexist in the Mediterranean (for more details see Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF9198130C9CD3B5FC3B" box="[1106,1164,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004). The medusa can metamorphose back into polyp stage (Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919EEB0CB0D5DDFBC6" box="[682,740,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919F790CBED4C7FBC6" author="Carla" box="[824,1022,1015,1040]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Carla, E. C., Pagliara, P., Piraino, S., Boero, F. & Dini, L. (2003) Morphological and ultrastructural analysis of Turritopsis nutricula during life cycle reversal. Tissue & Cell, 35 (3), 213 - 222. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / s 0040 - 8166 (03) 00028 - 4" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Carlà
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919F3F0CB0D480FBC6" box="[894,953,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF91984D0CBED3C0FBC6" author="Schmich" box="[1036,1273,1015,1040]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Schmich, J., Kraus, Y., De Vito, D., Graziussi, D., Boero, F. & Piraino, S. (2007) Induction of reverse development in two marine Hydrozoans. International Journal of Developmental Biology, 51, 45 - 56. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1387 / ijdb. 062152 js" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Schmich
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF9198390CB0D392FBC6" box="[1144,1195,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A molecular evaluation of the species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDEFF919E010B54D582FBE2" box="[576,699,1053,1076]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919E010B54D582FBE2" box="[576,699,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Turritopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been carried out by Miglietta
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF91987B0B54D352FBE3" box="[1082,1131,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFDEFF919C860B76D6F3FB3E" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDEFF919C860B76D6F3FB3E" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919C860B76D669FB8E" bold="true" box="[199,336,1087,1112]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">References.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919D1E0B76D544FB8E" author="Motz-Kossowska" box="[351,637,1087,1112]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Motz-Kossowska, S. (1905) Contribution a la connaissance des hydraires de la Mediterranee occidentale. I. - Hydraires Gymnoblastiques. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Serie 4, 3, 39 - 98." type="journal article" year="1905">Motz-Kossowska (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDEFF919EF50B76D352FB8E" ID-CoL="7NTJK" authority="Dohrni, Mayer (1910)" authorityName="Dohrni, Mayer" authorityYear="1910" box="[692,1131,1087,1112]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cordylophoridae" genus="Cordylophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919EF50B76D48BFB8E" box="[692,946,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Cordylophora Dohrni</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919F890B09D352FB8E" author="Mayer" box="[968,1131,1088,1112]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae. Vol. I & II. Washington, Carnegie Institution, 735 pp." type="book" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDEFF9198E30B76D677FBAA" authority="Hartlaub (1911)" authorityName="Hartlaub" authorityYear="1911" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Dendroclava" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dohrnii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF9198E30B76D2ADFB8E" box="[1186,1428,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Dendroclava dohrnii</emphasis>
|
||
, Hartlaub (1911)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919D1D0B2DD549FBAA" author="Neppi" box="[348,624,1124,1149]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Neppi, V. & Stiasny, G. (1913) Die Hydromedusen des Golfes von Triest. Arbeiten aus der Zoologischen Instituten der Universiiat Wien und der Zoologischen Station in Triest, 20 (1), 23 - 92." type="journal article" year="1913">Neppi & Stiasny (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDEFF919EDA0B2CD4BFFBAB" ID-CoL="59R4R" box="[667,902,1124,1149]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919EDA0B2CD4BFFBAB" box="[667,902,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Turritopsis nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919FD60B2DD376FBAA" author="Stechow" box="[919,1103,1124,1149]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Stechow, E. (1923) Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete. II. Teil. Zoologischer Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 47 (1), 29 - 270." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF91981C0B2DD3C9FBAB" author="Riedl" box="[1117,1264,1124,1149]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Riedl, R. (1959) Die Hydroiden des Golfes von Neapel und ihr Anteil an der Fauna unterseeischen Hohlen. In: Ergebnisse der osterreichischen Tyrrhenia-Expedition 1952, Teil xvi. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 30 (supplement), pp. 591 - 755." type="journal article" year="1959">Riedl (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF9198BF0B2DD61EFB76" author="Tregouboff" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Tregouboff, G. & Rose, M. (1957) Manuel de Planctonologie Mediterraneenne. Tome I & II. C. N. R. S., Paris, 587 pp. & 31 pls. [pls. 62 - 93]." type="book chapter" year="1957">Trégouboff & Rose (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919D790BCED505FB76" box="[312,572,1159,1184]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Balduzzi, A., Boero, F., Cattaneo, R., Pansini, M., Pessani, D., Pronzato, R. & Sara, M. (1980) Ricerche sull'insediamento dello zoobenthos in alcune grotte marine della Penisola Sorrentina. Memorie di Biologia Marina e di Oceanografia, Supplement 10, 121 - 127." type="book chapter">
|
||
Balduzzi
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919DE60BC0D6DDFB76" box="[423,484,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1980)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919E0C0BCED5C9FB76" author="Calder" box="[589,752,1159,1184]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow water hydroids of Bermuda. The Athecatae. Life Science Contributions Royal Ontario Museum, 148, 1 - 107. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1988">Calder (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919F1C0BC0D4A3FB76" box="[861,922,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1996),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF9198420BC1D7DDFB12" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919CB20BE5D6F2FB12" box="[243,459,1196,1221]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Carla, E. C., Pagliara, P., Piraino, S., Boero, F. & Dini, L. (2003) Morphological and ultrastructural analysis of Turritopsis nutricula during life cycle reversal. Tissue & Cell, 35 (3), 213 - 222. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / s 0040 - 8166 (03) 00028 - 4" type="journal article">
|
||
Carlà
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919D7B0BE4D64FFB13" box="[314,374,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
all as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDEFF919E5F0BE4D59DFB13" ID-CoL="59R4R" box="[542,676,1196,1221]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nutricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919E5F0BE4D59DFB13" box="[542,676,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">T. nutricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF919EF70BE5D447FB12" author="Schuchert" box="[694,894,1196,1221]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111 (2), 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, De Vito (2006), Gravili (2006),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDEFF9199470BE5D7C9FB3E" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF9199210BE4D2A5FB13" box="[1376,1436,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Puce et
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDEFF919D150B86D64BFB3E" box="[340,370,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |