563 lines
71 KiB
XML
563 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document id="9D9E058179F741491738F33C61E863F5" ID-DOI="10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a17" ID-GBIF-Dataset="63f92f6b-7b95-4615-92b2-00f712d5d3f2" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3724532" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FAF29578-704B-48ED-A426-A345C49DEFB3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1584978317985" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hugel, Sylvain" docDate="2019" docId="03F687D8FFF8FFDD1D76FB34ADC5F52F" docLanguage="en" docName="zoosystema.41.17.327-340.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 41 (17)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AFAF64E709DD7C8340B70A24A5804402.4:Zoosystema.2018-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="AFAF64E709DD7C8340B70A24A5804402" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2018-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Panoploscelis scudderi Beier 1950" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="336" masterDocId="FFCFFFA0FFFDFFD61C7CFFA1AC40F03F" masterDocTitle="Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950 and Gnathoclita vorax (Stoll, 1813): two katydids with unusual acoustic, reproductive and defense behaviors (Orthoptera, Pseudophyllinae)" masterLastPageNumber="340" masterPageNumber="327" pageNumber="330" updateTime="1698730854005" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="398490C359E1D05F02095366DE06FDA2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="61D276BC3C295C02D5A8436D86FEF345">
|
||
<mods:title id="BBA9690E4B7F684A5AD0DE3A3DB1D89A">Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950 and Gnathoclita vorax (Stoll, 1813): two katydids with unusual acoustic, reproductive and defense behaviors (Orthoptera, Pseudophyllinae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="2AA136E41D34635AA2EFB0A1C007075C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="406B2166205D29F37A15AD98AA651A57">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D09F800FDDB2F59392CC6890BCECAFE4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="44001D05EA95BDF413DA1E41B49DEAE9">Hugel, Sylvain</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="89F4D3CD8709A44167471A5331BF39AC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="F21127035B8BD253092096C3361AC216" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="CAF3B402B10C54C19BD147E4BEEA7322">
|
||
<mods:title id="5EB1A580CA7DDAA0B70C6665DF9D23A3">Zoosystema</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="C8B388A9BCB8F237BD9E2EB88BB9569F">
|
||
<mods:date id="2BC432343EA64E0E85AD7BB9EF7E35DA">2019</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="028EB37370FFDA0EC62A5887D030136C" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="9FE6B96889F6ECA00B8923D4EE0A4B58">2019-08-20</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="779E1252A6ADAC026CFD2535CB42AE98" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="73B7804CC15CD4465AD243268CBFB91A">41</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="6D2971E1F05D66A3A59ADED9E249B484" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="DAA6B3B69FAB6F114D50B8F9055B91D8">17</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="EB02B0B26B7FF968BEA428F5E6E8B43F" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="8C2D603FA0088360E406DE9295B91F98">327</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="52E09486277BB53FD73CDBC1C02D7D99">340</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="D27CF4CEDCF5EF100F8252FAF587348D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B7A5925FCFE244A29F8D9CA9F4145B0B" type="DOI">10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a17</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E3A2B07E00EDD6B975EA8464E2D0AC37" type="GBIF-Dataset">63f92f6b-7b95-4615-92b2-00f712d5d3f2</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D99C0A7E86AF14309991C4E9CE59C053" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0A219CEAD59151E70BB2A83D2257B5C7" type="Zenodo-Dep">3724532</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="ECABB9421BA654CC4F01674A21A126DB" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FAF29578-704B-48ED-A426-A345C49DEFB3</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03F687D8FFF8FFDD1D76FB34ADC5F52F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3729218" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162714858" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3729218" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F687D8FFF8FFDD1D76FB34ADC5F52F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687D8FFF8FFDD1D76FB34ADC5F52F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="336" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3456545FFF8FFD31D76FB34AEC2F48E" box="[266,642,1173,1201]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31D76FB34AEC2F48E" blockId="5.[266,642,1173,1201]" box="[266,642,1173,1201]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<heading id="D0A881A2FFF8FFD31D76FB34AEC2F48E" box="[266,642,1173,1201]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF8FFD31D76FB34AE3DF48E" authority="Beier, 1950" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[266,637,1173,1201]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD31D76FB34ADB8F48F" bold="true" box="[266,504,1173,1200]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Panoploscelis scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B3FFFF8FFD31D83FB37AE3DF48E" author="BEIER M." box="[511,637,1174,1201]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" pagination="111 - 115" refId="ref6093" refString="BEIER M. 1950. - Das Genus Panoploscelis Scudder (Orthot. - Pseudophyllinae). Proceedings of the 8 th International Congress of Entomology, Stockholm 1948: 111 - 115." type="journal article" year="1950">Beier, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3456545FFF8FFD31CF8FB79AE33F517" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31CF8FB79ADBDF4CF" blockId="5.[132,509,1240,1264]" box="[132,509,1240,1264]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4F11E0FFF8FFD31CF8FB79ADBDF4CF" box="[132,509,1240,1264]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFE10DFFFF8FFD31CF8FB79ADB9F4CF" author="BEIER M." box="[132,505,1240,1264]" page="112" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" year="1950">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF8FFD31CF8FB79ADB9F4CF" authority="Beier, 1950: 112" authorityName="Beier" authorityPageNumber="112" authorityYear="1950" box="[132,505,1240,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD31CF8FB79AD0DF4CF" box="[132,333,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Panoploscelis scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B3FFFF8FFD31D28FB79ADB9F4CF" author="BEIER M." box="[340,505,1240,1264]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" pagination="111 - 115" refId="ref6093" refString="BEIER M. 1950. - Das Genus Panoploscelis Scudder (Orthot. - Pseudophyllinae). Proceedings of the 8 th International Congress of Entomology, Stockholm 1948: 111 - 115." type="journal article" year="1950">Beier, 1950: 112</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31CF8FAB1AE33F517" blockId="5.[132,627,1296,1321]" box="[132,627,1296,1321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4F11E0FFF8FFD31CF8FAB1AE33F517" box="[132,627,1296,1321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFE10DFFFF8FFD31CF8FAB1AE67F516" author="BEIER M." box="[132,551,1296,1321]" page="113" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" year="1950">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF8FFD31CF8FAB1AE67F516" authority="Beier, 1950: 113" authorityName="in Beier" authorityPageNumber="113" authorityYear="1950" box="[132,551,1296,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angusticauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD31CF8FAB1AD3CF517" box="[132,380,1296,1320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Panoploscelis angusticauda</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B3FFFF8FFD31DFEFAB1AE67F516" author="BEIER M." box="[386,551,1296,1321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" pagination="111 - 115" refId="ref6093" refString="BEIER M. 1950. - Das Genus Panoploscelis Scudder (Orthot. - Pseudophyllinae). Proceedings of the 8 th International Congress of Entomology, Stockholm 1948: 111 - 115." type="journal article" year="1950">Beier, 1950: 113</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD31E4EFAB1AE33F517" bold="true" box="[562,627,1296,1320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857A7FFF8FFD31E4EFAB1AE33F517" box="[562,627,1296,1320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3456545FFF8FFD31CF8FAE8AEE1F60A" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31CF8FAE8AEE1F60A" blockId="5.[132,776,1353,1589]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
TYPE MATERIAL. —
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B373C93FFF8FFD31D37FAE8AF48F58F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2579588556" country="Peru" location="Staudinger" municipality="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
|
||
“Coll. Br. V. W. [Printed], Rio Branco,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F348765EFFF8FFD31EA6FAEBAF46F55E" box="[730,774,1354,1377]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
[manuscript; in reality
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F348765EFFF8FFD31D11FAC5ADECF543" box="[365,428,1380,1404]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
],
|
||
<location id="8E806015FFF8FFD31DC1FAC5AE68F543" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F687D8FFF8FFDD1D76FB34ADC5F52F:8E806015FFF8FFD31DC1FAC5AE68F543" box="[445,552,1380,1404]" country="Peru" municipality="Brazil" name="Staudinger" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Staudinger</location>
|
||
[manuscript]; 24.875 [manuscript];
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E4886CFFF8FFD31D76FADEAD79F5A8" box="[266,313,1407,1431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
[printed, red label],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF8FFD31D86FADFAF48F5A9" authority="Scudd." authorityName="Scudd." box="[506,776,1406,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<location id="8E806015FFF8FFD31D86FADFAF44F5A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F687D8FFF8FFDD1D76FB34ADC5F52F:8E806015FFF8FFD31D86FADFAF44F5A9" box="[506,772,1406,1430]" country="Peru" municipality="Brazil" name="Panoploscelis armata Scudd" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Panoploscelis armata Scudd</location>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[manuscript] determ.
|
||
<location id="8E806015FFF8FFD31D2AFA38ADD2F58E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F687D8FFF8FFDD1D76FB34ADC5F52F:8E806015FFF8FFD31D2AFA38ADD2F58E" box="[342,402,1433,1457]" country="Peru" municipality="Brazil" name="Karny" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Karny</location>
|
||
[printed];
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF8FFD31D85FA39AE8FF58F" authority="Hugel, 2019" authorityName="Hugel" authorityYear="2019" box="[505,719,1432,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<location id="8E806015FFF8FFD31D85FA39AE39F58F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F687D8FFF8FFDD1D76FB34ADC5F52F:8E806015FFF8FFD31D85FA39AE39F58F" box="[505,633,1432,1456]" country="Peru" municipality="Brazil" name="Panoploscelis" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Panoploscelis</location>
|
||
scudderi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857A7FFF8FFD31EA8FA38AF48F58F" box="[724,776,1433,1456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" rank="species">
|
||
n.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D59FD47FFF8FFD31E90FA38AF48F58F" box="[748,776,1433,1456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" type="generic">sp.</specimenCount>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B373C93FFF8FFD31CF8FA12ACA8F5DA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2579588557" collectionCode="NHM" country="Austria" location="Wien" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Wien" typeStatus="type">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E4886CFFF8FFD31CF8FA12ACF4F5F4" box="[132,180,1459,1483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D59FD47FFF8FFD31CC6FA14AC8EF5F3" box="[186,206,1461,1484]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
[manuscript];
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4EAE0BFFF8FFD31D23FA12ADE1F5F5" box="[351,417,1459,1482]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">NHM</collectionCode>
|
||
, Wien, Austria, high quality pictures examined.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B373C93FFF8FFD31D74FA6FAD08F625" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2579588551" location="Rio-Negro" municipality="Natt" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E4886CFFF8FFD31D74FA6FAD77F5D9" box="[264,311,1486,1510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
[printed, red label];
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B84ACB4FFF8FFD31D85FA6FAE68F5DA" box="[505,552,1486,1509]" country="Peru" municipality="Austria" name="Natt" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" stateProvince="Wien">Natt</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
: 12;
|
||
<location id="8E806015FFF8FFD31E28FA6CAEFBF5DA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F687D8FFF8FFDD1D76FB34ADC5F52F:8E806015FFF8FFD31E28FA6CAEFBF5DA" box="[596,699,1485,1509]" country="Peru" municipality="Natt" name="Rio-Negro" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" stateProvince="Wien">Rio-Negro</location>
|
||
[manuscript];
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF8FFD31CAEFA49ADAEF63F" authority="Scudd." authorityName="Scudd." box="[210,494,1512,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<location id="8E806015FFF8FFD31CAEFA49ADAAF63F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F687D8FFF8FFDD1D76FB34ADC5F52F:8E806015FFF8FFD31CAEFA49ADAAF63F" box="[210,490,1512,1536]" country="Peru" municipality="Natt" name="Panoploscelis armata Scudd" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" stateProvince="Wien">Panoploscelis armata Scudd</location>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[manuscript];
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF8FFD31EF8FA49AD47F625" authority="Hugel, 2019" authorityName="Hugel" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angusticauda" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<location id="8E806015FFF8FFD31EF8FA49AF47F63F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F687D8FFF8FFDD1D76FB34ADC5F52F:8E806015FFF8FFD31EF8FA49AF47F63F" box="[644,775,1512,1536]" country="Peru" municipality="Natt" name="Panoploscelis" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" stateProvince="Wien">Panoploscelis</location>
|
||
angusticauda
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857A7FFF8FFD31D73F9A2AD08F625" box="[271,328,1539,1562]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" rank="species">
|
||
n.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D59FD47FFF8FFD31D50F9A2AD08F625" box="[300,328,1539,1562]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" type="generic">sp.</specimenCount>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B373C93FFF8FFD31D33F9A2AEE1F60A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2579588552" collectionCode="NHM" country="Austria" determinerName="Beier" location="Wien" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Wien" typeStatus="type">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E4886CFFF8FFD31D33F9A2ADC0F624" box="[335,384,1539,1563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
!
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D59FD47FFF8FFD31DEAF9A4ADE8F623" box="[406,424,1541,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
[manuscript] det.
|
||
<determinerName id="7E3CDA0AFFF8FFD31E15F9A3AEDDF625" box="[617,669,1538,1562]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Beier</determinerName>
|
||
[printed],
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4EAE0BFFF8FFD31CF8F9BCAC86F60B" box="[132,198,1565,1588]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">NHM</collectionCode>
|
||
, Wien, Austria, high quality pictures examined.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3456545FFF8FFD31CF8F9F4ADBDF652" box="[132,509,1621,1645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31CF8F9F4ADBDF652" blockId="5.[132,509,1621,1645]" box="[132,509,1621,1645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E4886CFFF8FFD31CF8F9F4ACF5F655" box="[132,181,1621,1645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
LOCALITY. — Rio Branco,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F348765EFFF8FFD31DC2F9F4ADB8F652" box="[446,504,1621,1645]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Brasil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3456545FFF8FFD31CF8F92FAD35F7AB" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31CF8F92FAD35F7AB" blockId="5.[132,775,1678,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
OTHER MATERIAL EXAMANED. —
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B373C93FFF8FFD31DB6F92FAE4DF6E4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2579588555" country="French Guiana" latitude="2.2357" location="Monts Tumuc-Humac" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-54.4509" municipality="Planete revisitee Guyane" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD31DB6F92FAE1FF699" bold="true" box="[458,607,1678,1702]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F348765EFFF8FFD31DB6F92FAE1FF699" box="[458,607,1678,1702]" name="French Guiana" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B84ACB4FFF8FFD31E16F92FAC92F6FE" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Planète revisitée Guyane</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
2015,
|
||
<location id="8E806015FFF8FFD31D6AF908ADB7F6FF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F687D8FFF8FFDD1D76FB34ADC5F52F:8E806015FFF8FFD31D6AF908ADB7F6FF" box="[278,503,1705,1728]" country="French Guiana" latitude="2.2357" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-54.4509" municipality="Planete revisitee Guyane" name="Monts Tumuc-Humac" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Monts Tumuc-Humac</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E806015FFF8FFD31D83F908AE81F6FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F687D8FFF8FFDD1D76FB34ADC5F52F:8E806015FFF8FFD31D83F908AE81F6FE" box="[511,705,1705,1729]" country="French Guiana" latitude="2.2357" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-54.4509" municipality="Planete revisitee Guyane" name="Massif du Mitaraka" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Massif du Mitaraka</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E806015FFF8FFD31EB5F908AF47F6FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F687D8FFF8FFDD1D76FB34ADC5F52F:8E806015FFF8FFD31EB5F908AF47F6FE" box="[713,775,1705,1729]" country="French Guiana" latitude="2.2357" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-54.4509" municipality="Planete revisitee Guyane" name="Layon" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Layon</location>
|
||
D,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5009FFF8FFD31CD9F962AD58F6E4" box="[165,280,1731,1755]" degrees="54.4509" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" precision="5" value="-54.4509">54.4509°O</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5009FFF8FFD31D55F962ADCEF6E4" box="[297,398,1731,1755]" degrees="2.2357" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" precision="5" value="2.2357">2.2357°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA79B2BFFF8FFD31DE5F962AD9AF6E4" box="[409,474,1731,1755]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" unit="m" value="280.0">280 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B373C93FFF8FFD31E5BF962AEF8F6CA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2579588558" collectingDate="2015-02-23" collectingDateMax="2015-03-10" collectingDateMin="2015-02-23" collectionCode="MNHN" latitude="2.2338" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-54.4517" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5009FFF8FFD31E5BF962AED9F6E4" box="[551,665,1731,1755]" degrees="54.4517" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" precision="5" value="-54.4517">54.4517°O</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5009FFF8FFD31ED8F962AF47F6E4" box="[676,775,1731,1755]" degrees="2.2338" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" precision="5" value="2.2338">2.2338°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<quantity id="4CA79B2BFFF8FFD31CF8F97FAC86F6CA" box="[132,198,1758,1782]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.93" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" unit="m" value="293.0">293 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.,
|
||
<date id="FFE1100EFFF8FFD31D74F97CADF8F6CA" box="[264,440,1757,1781]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" value="2015-02-23" valueMax="2015-03-10" valueMin="2015-02-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA5E9E6FFF8FFD31D74F97CADF8F6CA" box="[264,440,1757,1781]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" value="2015-02-23" valueMax="2015-03-10" valueMin="2015-02-23">23.II-10.III.2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, nuit,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D59FD47FFF8FFD31D87F97FAE5FF6C8" box="[507,543,1758,1783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D59FD47FFF8FFD31E51F97FAE10F6C8" box="[557,592,1758,1783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4EAE0BFFF8FFD31E20F97FAEF4F6CA" box="[604,692,1758,1781]" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B373C93FFF8FFD31E9CF97CAF46F715" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2579588554" country="French Guiana" latitude="2.2349" location="Massif du Mitaraka" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-54.4541" municipality="Monts Tumuc-Humac" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Planète revisitée
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F348765EFFF8FFD31D6EF959AD21F72F" box="[274,353,1784,1808]" name="French Guiana" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Guyane</collectingCountry>
|
||
2015,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B84ACB4FFF8FFD31DD1F959AED6F730" box="[429,662,1784,1807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Monts Tumuc-Humac</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E806015FFF8FFD31EDEF959ACA1F715" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F687D8FFF8FFDD1D76FB34ADC5F52F:8E806015FFF8FFD31EDEF959ACA1F715" country="French Guiana" latitude="2.2349" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-54.4541" municipality="Monts Tumuc-Humac" name="Massif du Mitaraka" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Massif du Mitaraka</location>
|
||
, vers sommet en
|
||
<location id="8E806015FFF8FFD31DFAF8B3AD90F715" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F687D8FFF8FFDD1D76FB34ADC5F52F:8E806015FFF8FFD31DFAF8B3AD90F715" box="[390,464,1810,1834]" country="French Guiana" latitude="2.2349" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-54.4541" municipality="Monts Tumuc-Humac" name="Cloche" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Cloche</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5009FFF8FFD31DA4F8B3AE0BF715" box="[472,587,1810,1834]" degrees="54.4541" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" precision="5" value="-54.4541">54.4541°O</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5009FFF8FFD31E28F8B2AEFDF715" box="[596,701,1811,1835]" degrees="2.2349" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" precision="5" value="2.2349">2.2349° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA79B2BFFF8FFD31EBBF8B2AF46F715" box="[711,774,1811,1835]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" unit="m" value="370.0">370 m</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B373C93FFF8FFD31CEAF88CACA2F760" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2579588553" collectingDate="2015-02-23" collectingDateMax="2015-03-10" collectingDateMin="2015-02-23" collectionCode="MNHN" elevation="470" latitude="2.2329" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-54.4646" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5009FFF8FFD31CEAF88CAD48F77A" box="[150,264,1837,1861]" degrees="54.4646" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" precision="5" value="-54.4646">54.4646°O</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5009FFF8FFD31D6CF88CAD33F77A" box="[272,371,1837,1861]" degrees="2.2329" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" precision="5" value="2.2329">2.2329°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<quantity id="4CA79B2BFFF8FFD31D0BF88CADF6F77B" box="[375,438,1837,1861]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" unit="m" value="470.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0072D1FDFFF8FFD31D0BF88CADF6F77B" box="[375,438,1837,1861]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" unit="m" value="470.0">470 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.,
|
||
<date id="FFE1100EFFF8FFD31D8EF88CAEE2F77A" box="[498,674,1837,1861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" value="2015-02-23" valueMax="2015-03-10" valueMin="2015-02-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA5E9E6FFF8FFD31D8EF88CAEE2F77A" box="[498,674,1837,1861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" value="2015-02-23" valueMax="2015-03-10" valueMin="2015-02-23">23.II-10.III.2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, nuit,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D59FD47FFF8FFD31EA2F88CAF41F779" box="[734,769,1837,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4EAE0BFFF8FFD31CF8F8E9AC9DF760" box="[132,221,1864,1887]" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
These specimens were reared, and F1-F2 generations were also examined for the present work to assess the variability of diagnostic characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3456545FFF8FFD31CF8F819AC94F7D5" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31CF8F819AC94F7D5" blockId="5.[132,774,1976,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION. — South America: North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F348765EFFF8FFD31E5BF819AE22F7EF" box="[551,610,1976,2000]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F348765EFFF8FFD31E11F819AEF8F7EF" box="[621,696,1976,2000]" name="Guyana" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, French Guiana.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3456545FFF8FFDD1F51FE19AD34F3AE" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="336" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31F51FE19AFFDF1EF" blockId="5.[813,1455,440,658]" box="[813,957,440,466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31F51FE79AF22F1CD" blockId="5.[813,1455,440,658]" box="[813,866,472,498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD31F51FE79AF22F1CD" box="[813,866,472,498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Male</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31F51FE59A830F2AD" blockId="5.[813,1455,440,658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD31F51FE59AF30F22D" bold="true" box="[813,880,504,530]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A4BFFF8FFD31F0BFE59AFA9F22C" box="[887,1001,504,531]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1981]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[132,1455,214,1877]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Male of Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950, after a specimen collected in Mitaraka: A, face in front view; B, Head and pronotum in dorsal view; C, right fore femur in front view. Note that the distal most ventral anterior spine is on the axis of the picture; D, hind femur in side view; E, apex of the abdomen in dorsal view; F, cercus in dorsal view; G, subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: A-E, G, 10 mm; F, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724536/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
. All as in female. Fastigium verticis spineshaped, reaching antennal sockets. Fastigium frontis spineshaped. Carina lateralis interna distinct at the basis, carina lateralis externa complete. Scapus with one distal inner spine and one distal dorsal tubercle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31F51FD16A9F0F36E" blockId="5.[813,1456,695,850]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD31F51FD16AFC5F2EE" bold="true" box="[813,901,695,721]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A4BFFF8FFD31FF1FD16AFA4F2ED" box="[909,996,695,722]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1981]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[132,1455,214,1877]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Male of Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950, after a specimen collected in Mitaraka: A, face in front view; B, Head and pronotum in dorsal view; C, right fore femur in front view. Note that the distal most ventral anterior spine is on the axis of the picture; D, hind femur in side view; E, apex of the abdomen in dorsal view; F, cercus in dorsal view; G, subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: A-E, G, 10 mm; F, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724536/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
. Anterior margin with a distinct median tubercle; in addition to the two transverse sulci, sagittal sulci at least distinct at the level of posterior transverse sulcus (as in female); posterior margin broadly rounded with an inconspicuous median emargination of the rim. Metazona elevated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31F51FCD7A9D9F510" blockId="5.[813,1456,886,1423]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD31F51FCD7AF26F3AF" bold="true" box="[813,870,886,912]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Legs.</emphasis>
|
||
All as in female, anterior tibiae and femora longer than mid tibiae and femora. Fore femur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A4BFFF8FFD318C8FC36A944F38E" box="[1204,1284,919,945]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1981]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[132,1455,214,1877]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Male of Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950, after a specimen collected in Mitaraka: A, face in front view; B, Head and pronotum in dorsal view; C, right fore femur in front view. Note that the distal most ventral anterior spine is on the axis of the picture; D, hind femur in side view; E, apex of the abdomen in dorsal view; F, cercus in dorsal view; G, subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: A-E, G, 10 mm; F, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724536/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Fig 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
): distal spine of inner ventral margin perpendicular to femur axis; dorsally with 4-5 spines. Posterior femora dorsally with 5-7 spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A4BFFF8FFD31F49FC57AFD1F42E" box="[821,913,1014,1041]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1981]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[132,1455,214,1877]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Male of Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950, after a specimen collected in Mitaraka: A, face in front view; B, Head and pronotum in dorsal view; C, right fore femur in front view. Note that the distal most ventral anterior spine is on the axis of the picture; D, hind femur in side view; E, apex of the abdomen in dorsal view; F, cercus in dorsal view; G, subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: A-E, G, 10 mm; F, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724536/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
); mid femora unarmed dorsally. Inner genicular lobe of fore femora unarmed. Wings. Left forewing shorter than right forewing (this very unusual asymmetry is possibly a generic character). Left mirror area triangular, right mirror somewhat oval. Anal field posterior margin of left forewing with a concavity; posterior margin of both forewing with an emargination distal to the anal field. File with
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD3194FFB17A904F4F0" box="[1331,1348,1206,1231]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">c.</emphasis>
|
||
66 teeth. Abdomen. Suranal distal margin variable, usually with an angle (as in female), sometimes very obtuse. Cercus short, stout, with a single inner ventral spine-shaped projection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31F3FFA94AFA9F5B0" blockId="5.[813,1456,886,1423]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Subgenital plate broad at basis, moderately tapering distally; with a more or less rounded V-shaped emargination between the styli.</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="E2D02F25FFF8FFDD1F51FA15AD34F3AE" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="336" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31F51FA15A81BF5F0" blockId="5.[813,1115,1460,1487]" box="[813,1115,1460,1487]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD31F51FA15AF94F5F1" bold="true" box="[813,980,1460,1486]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DD0375FFF8FFD31879FA14A815F5F0" box="[1029,1109,1461,1487]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="5.[306,317,221,239]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Measurements of males of Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950 (in mm). Abbreviations: L, length, W, width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF206646FFF8FFD31D4EFF7CA943F0D0" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" tableUuid="DF206646FFF8FFD31D4EFF7CA943F0D0">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31F51FA54AF36F630" blockId="5.[813,1456,1525,1743]" box="[813,886,1525,1551]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD31F51FA54AF36F630" box="[813,886,1525,1551]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Female</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31F51F9B5A9F0F6F0" blockId="5.[813,1456,1525,1743]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
Female has been described under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF8FFD318E3F9B5A93EF611" authorityName="Hugel" authorityYear="2019" box="[1183,1406,1556,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD318E3F9B5A93EF611" box="[1183,1406,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Panoploscelis scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF8FFD31F51F995A95DF671" authority="in Beier (1950" authorityName="in Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[813,1309,1588,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angusticauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD31F51F995A87BF671" box="[813,1083,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Panoploscelis angusticauda</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B3FFFF8FFD31827F995A899F670" author="BEIER M." box="[1115,1241,1588,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" pagination="111 - 115" refId="ref6093" refString="BEIER M. 1950. - Das Genus Panoploscelis Scudder (Orthot. - Pseudophyllinae). Proceedings of the 8 th International Congress of Entomology, Stockholm 1948: 111 - 115." type="journal article" year="1950">Beier (1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B3FFFF8FFD31899F995A95DF671" author="BEIER M." box="[1253,1309,1588,1614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" pagination="396" refId="ref6127" refString="BEIER M. 1960. - Orthoptera Tettigoniidae (Pseudophyllinae II), in MERTENS R., HENNIG W. & WERMUTH H. (eds), Das Tierreich, 74. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin, p. 396." type="book chapter" year="1960">1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Variation in characters are illustrated
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A4BFFF8FFD3185BF9F5A821F651" box="[1063,1121,1620,1646]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1057,1075]" captionTargetBox="[133,1455,215,998]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[132,1455,214,998]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Variations in characters used to distinguish Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950 and Panoploscelis angusticauda Beier 1950 n. syn. females. The speci- mens pictured are breed from samples collected in Mitaraka (F1 and F2 generations). The frequent-most condition is represented in the left panels (A, E, J). Specimens from Mitaraka display variations in: A-D, the number of tubercle-bearing veins; E-I, the shape of ovipositor in side view (holotype of P. angusticauda display the same shape of ovipositor as illustrated in F); J-N, the shape of epiproct hind margin (male juvenile holotype of P. scudderi display the same shape of epiproct hind margin as illustrated in N; in P. angusticauda, the hind margin is somehow as in K). Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724534/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
. Forewings of a female specimen from Mitaraka are illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A4BFFF8FFD31802F9D5A8ACF6B0" box="[1150,1260,1652,1679]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1724,1742]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[132,1455,214,1678]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Female of Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950, after a specimen collected in Mitaraka: A, forewings in dorsal view; B, detail of forewings showing tu- bercules in dorsal view; C, defensive position. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B, 5 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724538/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
. Female forewings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF8FFD31F34F934AFF3F691" authorityName="Hugel" authorityYear="2019" box="[840,947,1684,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD31F34F934AFF3F691" box="[840,947,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">P. scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack the scraper lobe pointed by Montealegre-Z
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD31F51F914AF20F6F1" box="[813,864,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003) in females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF8FFD3183AF915A9EBF6F0" authority="Beier, 1950" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[1094,1451,1716,1743]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Panoplscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="specularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD3183AF915A966F6F1" box="[1094,1318,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Panoplscelis specularis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B3FFFF8FFD31951F915A9EBF6F0" author="BEIER M." box="[1325,1451,1716,1743]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" pagination="111 - 115" refId="ref6093" refString="BEIER M. 1950. - Das Genus Panoploscelis Scudder (Orthot. - Pseudophyllinae). Proceedings of the 8 th International Congress of Entomology, Stockholm 1948: 111 - 115." type="journal article" year="1950">Beier, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31F51F952AF89F733" blockId="5.[813,1456,1779,2030]" box="[813,969,1779,1805]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">BIOACOUSTICS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD31F51F8B5AFAAF712" blockId="5.[813,1456,1779,2030]" box="[813,1002,1812,1838]" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD31F51F8B5AFCDF711" box="[813,909,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Male call</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A4BFFF8FFD31FE7F8B5AF9BF711" box="[923,987,1812,1838]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1759,1777]" captionTargetBox="[258,1320,222,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[246,1342,202,1721]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Male of Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950, call and stridulatory apparatus. A-D, call of a wild male in studio conditions at 24°C after a specimen collected in Mitaraka; E, male forewings in dorsal view; F, file in ventral view. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724540/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF8FFD11F51F895AF47F7F2" blockId="5.[813,1456,1779,2030]" lastBlockId="7.[132,776,1843,2030]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="332" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">
|
||
In rearing conditions, with many males and females together, the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF8FFD31FEFF8F2A825F752" authorityName="Hugel" authorityYear="2019" box="[915,1125,1875,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF8FFD31FEFF8F2A825F752" box="[915,1125,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="330">Panoploscelis scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males is very rarely heard. Single males sing only by night hours. At 24 °C, the song is made of 3-12 verses repeated every 31.7 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5009FFF8FFD318E1F832A891F791" box="[1181,1233,1939,1966]" degrees="3.1" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" precision="5555" value="-3.1">3.1 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(min:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5009FFF8FFD31961F832A92EF791" box="[1309,1390,1939,1966]" degrees="18.44" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" precision="555" value="-18.44">18.44 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; max:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5009FFF8FFD31F51F812AF3DF7F1" box="[813,893,1971,1998]" degrees="43.60" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" precision="555" value="-43.6">43.60 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). The first verse is usually softer than the subsequent ones. The duration of one verse is 7.5±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5009FFF8FFD318B8F872A8B5F7D1" box="[1220,1269,2003,2030]" degrees="0.6" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" precision="5555" value="-0.6">0.6 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(min:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5009FFF8FFD31941F872A930F7D1" box="[1341,1392,2003,2030]" degrees="4.4" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="330" precision="5555" value="-4.4">4.4 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; max:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5009FFFAFFD11CF8F895AC88F771" box="[132,200,1844,1870]" degrees="10.0" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" precision="5555" value="-10.0">10.0 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Verses are made of 29.4±1.9 phonatomes (min: 18; max: 34) repeated every 251±2 ms (min: 233 ms; max 271 ms). The duration of one phonatome is 60±2 ms (min: 30 ms; max: 87 ms). At 24°C, a first peak was recorded at
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFFAFFD11EFEF835AED3F792" box="[642,659,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">c.</emphasis>
|
||
10.3-11.0 kHz, and a secondary broad peak was recorded at 30.5 kHz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF206646FFFBFFD01CF8F80AAF96F7D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724536" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3724536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724536/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="331" startId="6.[132,143,1963,1981]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1863]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFFBFFD01CF8F80AAF96F7D5" blockId="6.[132,1456,1963,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">
|
||
FIG. 2. — Male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFFBFFD01D6AF80AAE7AF782" authority="Beier, 1950" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[278,570,1963,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFFBFFD01D6AF80AAD96F782" box="[278,470,1963,1981]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Panoploscelis scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B3FFFFBFFD01DA6F80AAE7AF782" author="BEIER M." box="[474,570,1963,1981]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331" pagination="111 - 115" refId="ref6093" refString="BEIER M. 1950. - Das Genus Panoploscelis Scudder (Orthot. - Pseudophyllinae). Proceedings of the 8 th International Congress of Entomology, Stockholm 1948: 111 - 115." type="journal article" year="1950">Beier, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, after a specimen collected in Mitaraka:
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFFBFFD01FFBF80AAFD4F782" bold="true" box="[903,916,1963,1981]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">A</emphasis>
|
||
, face in front view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFFBFFD01848F80AA801F782" bold="true" box="[1076,1089,1963,1981]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">B</emphasis>
|
||
, Head and pronotum in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFFBFFD0190EF80AA9C0F782" bold="true" box="[1394,1408,1963,1981]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">C</emphasis>
|
||
, right fore femur in front view. Note that the distal most ventral anterior spine is on the axis of the picture;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFFBFFD01FC7F863AF89F7EB" bold="true" box="[955,969,1986,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">D</emphasis>
|
||
, hind femur in side view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFFBFFD018E0F863A8E8F7EB" bold="true" box="[1180,1192,1986,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">E</emphasis>
|
||
, apex of the abdomen in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFFBFFD01CC8F879ACFFF7D5" bold="true" box="[180,191,2008,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">F</emphasis>
|
||
, cercus in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFFBFFD01DFFF879ADD1F7D5" bold="true" box="[387,401,2008,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">G</emphasis>
|
||
, subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: A-E, G, 10 mm; F, 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF206646FFFAFFD11CF8F91DAF41F6DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724538" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3724538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724538/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" startId="7.[132,143,1724,1742]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1678]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFFAFFD11CF8F91DAF41F6DA" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
|
||
FIG. 3. — Female of
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFFAFFD11D52F91DADAFF6F1" box="[302,495,1724,1742]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Panoploscelis scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
Beier, 1950, after a specimen collected in Mitaraka:
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFFAFFD11FD4F91DAFF5F6F1" bold="true" box="[936,949,1724,1742]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">A</emphasis>
|
||
, forewings in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFFAFFD118E8F91DA8E1F6F1" bold="true" box="[1172,1185,1724,1742]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">B</emphasis>
|
||
, detail of forewings showing tu- bercules in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFFAFFD11D31F972AD1BF6DA" bold="true" box="[333,347,1747,1765]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">C</emphasis>
|
||
, defensive position. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B, 5 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFFAFFD11CE7F872AF47F7D1" blockId="7.[132,776,1843,2030]" box="[155,775,2003,2030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Isolated males seldom produce isolated verses (1-3 per nights).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFFAFFD11F51F892AFE1F772" blockId="7.[813,1456,1843,2030]" box="[813,929,1843,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFFAFFD11F51F892AFE1F772" box="[813,929,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Female call</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFFAFFDF1F51F8F5AE26F771" blockId="7.[813,1456,1843,2030]" lastBlockId="9.[132,775,1716,2030]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
|
||
In our initial rearing conditions (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D59FD47FFFAFFD11800F8F5A893F752" box="[1148,1235,1875,1902]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" type="adult">30 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
pairs in a
|
||
<quantity id="4CA79B2BFFFAFFD1194BF8F5A933F751" box="[1335,1395,1876,1902]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" unit="m" value="0.3">0.3 m</quantity>
|
||
3 cage at 24°C by night), we failed to record any call from females (at F3 generation, a total of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D59FD47FFFAFFD1184AF832A8D0F792" box="[1078,1168,1939,1966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" type="adult">50 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females have been reared). Since males only rarely sing in the same conditions, this lack of spontaneous calls might simply be linked to specimen density. Therefore at F4 generation, subadult males and females were separated and kept in isolation for two months after their last molting. Under these conditions, males were calling very frequently (at least one call every 10 min for
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D59FD47FFF5FFDE1E35F812AEE8F7F2" box="[585,680,1971,1998]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" type="male">25 males</specimenCount>
|
||
together in a cage). We were nevertheless unable to record any song from females, even with overnight recordings (8 full night recordings). Since females may only respond to male call, we play-backed male calls (one call every 10 min, during the whole night): no responses were recorded (two overnight recordings). We than checked whether females responded to males during the mating process: we put virgin females together with males in one single empty cage and imaged/recorded them during the whole night. Under these conditions, all females mated within the first 30 minutes, and neither males nor females produced any song (Supplementary video 3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF206646FFF5FFDE1CF8F97EAFE8F738" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724540" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3724540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724540/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" targetBox="[258,1320,222,1699]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF5FFDE1CF8F97EAFE8F738" blockId="8.[132,1455,1758,1800]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
|
||
FIG. 4. — Male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF5FFDE1D61F97EAE08F6CE" authority="Beier, 1950" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[285,584,1759,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF5FFDE1D61F97EAD9FF6CE" box="[285,479,1759,1777]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Panoploscelis scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B3FFFF5FFDE1D9AF97EAE08F6CE" author="BEIER M." box="[486,584,1759,1777]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" pagination="111 - 115" refId="ref6093" refString="BEIER M. 1950. - Das Genus Panoploscelis Scudder (Orthot. - Pseudophyllinae). Proceedings of the 8 th International Congress of Entomology, Stockholm 1948: 111 - 115." type="journal article" year="1950">Beier, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, call and stridulatory apparatus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF5FFDE1F22F97EAFC0F6CE" bold="true" box="[862,896,1759,1777]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">A -D</emphasis>
|
||
, call of a wild male in studio conditions at 24°C after a specimen collected in Mitaraka;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF5FFDE1D40F957AD08F737" bold="true" box="[316,328,1782,1800]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">E</emphasis>
|
||
, male forewings in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF5FFDE1E2EF957AE1DF737" bold="true" box="[594,605,1782,1800]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">F</emphasis>
|
||
, file in ventral view. Scale bars: 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF206646FFF4FFDF1CE3F9C6A9D2F646" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724542" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3724542" box="[159,1426,1639,1658]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724542/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="334" targetBox="[253,1325,218,1594]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF4FFDF1CE3F9C6A9D2F646" blockId="9.[159,1426,1639,1658]" box="[159,1426,1639,1658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">
|
||
FIG. 5. — Tegminal protest signals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF4FFDF1DAFF9C6AEB9F646" authority="Beier, 1950" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[467,761,1639,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF4FFDF1DAFF9C6AED4F646" box="[467,660,1639,1657]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">Panoploscelis scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B3FFFF4FFDF1EE5F9C6AEB9F646" author="BEIER M." box="[665,761,1639,1657]" pageId="9" pageNumber="334" pagination="111 - 115" refId="ref6093" refString="BEIER M. 1950. - Das Genus Panoploscelis Scudder (Orthot. - Pseudophyllinae). Proceedings of the 8 th International Congress of Entomology, Stockholm 1948: 111 - 115." type="journal article" year="1950">Beier, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF4FFDF1F7CF9C9AF4DF645" bold="true" box="[768,781,1640,1658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF4FFDF1F64F9C9AF65F645" bold="true" box="[792,805,1640,1658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">B</emphasis>
|
||
, male;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF4FFDF1F1EF9C6AF30F646" bold="true" box="[866,880,1639,1657]" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF4FFDF1F06F9C9AFC8F645" bold="true" box="[890,904,1640,1658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">D</emphasis>
|
||
, female. All from wild specimens in studio conditions at 24° C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF4FFDF1CE7F8F2AD7FF7D2" blockId="9.[132,775,1716,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">
|
||
These data suggest that call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF4FFDF1D8FF8F5AE24F752" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[499,612,1875,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF4FFDF1D8FF8F5AE24F752" box="[499,612,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">P. scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females is not required in the reproductive behavior of that species. It cannot be ruled out that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF4FFDF1D06F835ADABF792" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[378,491,1939,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF4FFDF1D06F835ADABF792" box="[378,491,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">P. scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females do not call at all since the only tegminal sounds we recorded were produced as protest signals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF4FFDF1F3FF915A883F711" blockId="9.[813,1455,1716,1838]" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">
|
||
Interstingly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF4FFDF1FBAF914A86EF6F1" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[966,1070,1716,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF4FFDF1FBAF914A86EF6F1" box="[966,1070,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">P. scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females lack the scraper lobe pointed by Montealegre-Z
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF4FFDF1F88F974A866F6D1" box="[1012,1062,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF4FFDF18EBF974A94FF6D1" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[1175,1295,1748,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Panoplscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="specularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF4FFDF18EBF974A94FF6D1" box="[1175,1295,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">P. specularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A4BFFF4FFDF1960F975A930F6D1" box="[1308,1392,1748,1774]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1724,1742]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[132,1455,214,1678]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Female of Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950, after a specimen collected in Mitaraka: A, forewings in dorsal view; B, detail of forewings showing tu- bercules in dorsal view; C, defensive position. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B, 5 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724538/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). This might speculatively suggest that intraspecific female signaling might be less developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF4FFDF182CF8B5A8FCF711" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[1104,1212,1812,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF4FFDF182CF8B5A8FCF711" box="[1104,1212,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">P. scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF4FFDF1F51F8F2A82DF752" blockId="9.[813,1456,1875,2030]" box="[813,1133,1875,1901]" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF4FFDF1F51F8F2A82DF752" box="[813,1133,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">Male and female protest signals</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF4FFDF1F51F8D2A9F0F7D2" blockId="9.[813,1456,1875,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">
|
||
Both males and females respond to air puff, water spraying or simple touch by lifting their forelegs and repeated protest signals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A4BFFF4FFDF1FCCF812A846F7F2" box="[944,1030,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1724,1742]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[132,1455,214,1678]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Female of Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950, after a specimen collected in Mitaraka: A, forewings in dorsal view; B, detail of forewings showing tu- bercules in dorsal view; C, defensive position. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B, 5 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724538/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). These protest signals are produced by tegminal stridulatory organs as well as mandibles/labrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF206646FFF7FFDC1CF8F958ADA3F707" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3724544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724544/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" startId="10.[132,143,1785,1803]" targetBox="[256,1311,221,1740]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF7FFDC1CF8F958ADA3F707" blockId="10.[132,1455,1785,1848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">
|
||
FIG. 6. — Mandibular protest signals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF7FFDC1DB3F958AEB6F734" authority="Beier, 1950" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[463,758,1785,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF7FFDC1DB3F958AED0F734" box="[463,656,1785,1803]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">Panoploscelis scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B3FFFF7FFDC1EEAF958AEB6F734" author="BEIER M." box="[662,758,1785,1803]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" pagination="111 - 115" refId="ref6093" refString="BEIER M. 1950. - Das Genus Panoploscelis Scudder (Orthot. - Pseudophyllinae). Proceedings of the 8 th International Congress of Entomology, Stockholm 1948: 111 - 115." type="journal article" year="1950">Beier, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF7FFDC1E83F958AF61F734" bold="true" box="[767,801,1785,1803]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">A -C</emphasis>
|
||
, mandibular protest signals produced by a F2 adult female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF7FFDC1960F958A96AF734" bold="true" box="[1308,1322,1785,1803]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">D</emphasis>
|
||
, pictures corre- sponding to the time points given in C illustrating the motion of mandibles, clypeus and labrum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF7FFDC1FD9F8B1AFF1F71D" bold="true" box="[933,945,1808,1826]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">E</emphasis>
|
||
, right mandible (note the area with tubercles in
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF7FFDC1942F8B1A90FF71D" bold="true" box="[1342,1359,1808,1826]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">E’</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF7FFDC1925F8B1A924F71D" bold="true" box="[1369,1380,1808,1826]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">F</emphasis>
|
||
, clypeus and labrum, inner view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF7FFDC1CF8F8D5A9EFF7D1" blockId="10.[132,775,1907,2030]" lastBlockId="10.[813,1456,1907,2030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">
|
||
At 24 °C, male tegminal protest signal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A4BFFF7FFDC1E41F8D2AE3CF7B1" box="[573,636,1907,1934]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[159,170,1639,1657]" captionTargetBox="[253,1325,218,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[240,1336,196,1610]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 5. — Tegminal protest signals of Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950: A, B, male; C, D, female. All from wild specimens in studio conditions at 24° C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724542/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
AB) is made of phonatomes isolated or grouped (2-3) repeated every 420±78 ms (min: 108 ms; max: 1335 ms). The frequency peaks at 9.4 kHz, a frequency significantly lower than male call. At 24°C, female tegminal protest signal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A4BFFF7FFDC195FF8D2A923F7B1" box="[1315,1379,1907,1934]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[159,170,1639,1657]" captionTargetBox="[253,1325,218,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[240,1336,196,1610]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 5. — Tegminal protest signals of Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950: A, B, male; C, D, female. All from wild specimens in studio conditions at 24° C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724542/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
CD) is made of verses repeated every 348±56 ms (min: 246 ms; max: 836 ms). Verses are made of 5±1 phonatomes (min: 2; max: 12) of irregular duration and spacing. The power spectrum
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF6FFDD1CF8FF78AE28F12C" blockId="11.[132,775,217,276]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">of female tegminal protest is broad and displays a double peak: one at 10 kHz and another at 14 kHz.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF6FFDD1CF8FE98AD38F14C" blockId="11.[132,776,313,913]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF6FFDD1CF8FE98AD38F14C" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
|
||
Male and female mandibular protest signal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13642A4BFFF6FFDD1E33FE98AECFF16C" box="[591,655,313,339]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1785,1803]" captionTargetBox="[256,1311,221,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[243,1339,207,1753]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. — Mandibular protest signals of Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950: A-C, mandibular protest signals produced by a F2 adult female; D, pictures corre- sponding to the time points given in C illustrating the motion of mandibles, clypeus and labrum; E, right mandible (note the area with tubercles in E’; F, clypeus and labrum, inner view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724544/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
, Supplementary video 1)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF6FFDD1CF8FED8ADA8F2EE" blockId="11.[132,776,313,913]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
|
||
Mandibular protest signals are similar in males and females. These are the first protest signals produced when a specimen is stimulated, the tegminal signal requiring more stimulation. This signal has two phases: the first phase is produced while opening the mandibles and up lifting the labrum by clypeus retraction, the second is produced by the return to the resting state. The total duration of a cycle is very variable, lasting
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF6FFDD1CF8FDF8ACD5F24D" box="[132,149,601,626]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5009FFF6FFDD1CE6FDF9AC8EF24D" box="[154,206,600,627]" degrees="0.5" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" precision="5555" value="-0.5">0.5 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, with a first phase usually longer than the second one. These signals are repeated every 2.3±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5009FFF6FFDD1E62FDD9AE12F2AD" box="[542,594,632,658]" degrees="0.2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" precision="5555" value="-0.2">0.2 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(min: 0.7; max: 3.6). The power spectrum of this signal displays a broad peak between 10.3 kHz and 14.6 kHz
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF6FFDD1CE7FD79AD34F3AE" blockId="11.[132,776,313,913]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
|
||
Protest signals appear broader and emitted at lower frequencies than male call. This might speculatively be linked to the correlation between signal valence and signal frequency in intraspecific communication of some rodent species were lower frequencies are associated to unpleasant situations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B3FFFF6FFDD1CF1FCD6AD24F3AE" author="KNUTSON B. & BURGDORF J. & PANKSEPP J." box="[141,356,887,913]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" pagination="961 - 977" refId="ref6555" refString="KNUTSON B., BURGDORF J. & PANKSEPP J. 2002. - Ultrasonic vocalizations as indices of affective states in rats. Psychological Bulletin 128 (6): 961 - 977. https: // doi. org / 10.1037 / 0033 - 2909.128.6.961" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Knutson
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF6FFDD1C8EFCD9AD66F3AE" box="[242,294,887,913]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3456545FFF6FFDD1CF8FC16ADC5F52F" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF6FFDD1CF8FC16AEE1F3EE" blockId="11.[132,775,951,1296]" box="[132,673,951,977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF6FFDD1CF8FC16AEE1F3EE" box="[132,673,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
|
||
Comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF6FFDD1D5EFC16ADDBF3EE" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[290,411,951,977]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Panoplscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="specularis">P. specularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF6FFDD1DADFC16AE7DF3EE" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[465,573,951,977]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">P. scudderi</taxonomicName>
|
||
male call
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE036CEFFF6FFDD1CF8FC77ADC5F52F" blockId="11.[132,775,951,1296]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
|
||
Whereas the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF6FFDD1D1CFC76AD9BF3CF" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[352,475,982,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Panoplscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="specularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF6FFDD1D1CFC76AD9BF3CF" box="[352,475,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">P. specularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males is made of two phonatomes separated by
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF6FFDD1D0CFC56ADC0F42F" box="[368,384,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">c.</emphasis>
|
||
130 ms and regularly repeated every
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF6FFDD1CF8FBB6ACD5F40F" box="[132,149,1047,1072]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">c.</emphasis>
|
||
3 s, the song of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF6FFDD1D33FBB6ADFDF40F" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[335,445,1046,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF6FFDD1D33FBB6ADFDF40F" box="[335,445,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">P. scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more complex in structure, with phonatomes organized in verses (see above). Alternatively, since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF6FFDD1CC3FBF6AD69F44F" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[191,297,1110,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF6FFDD1CC3FBF6AD69F44F" box="[191,297,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">P. scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sometimes produces isolated verses, one cannot rule out that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF6FFDD1D40FBD6ADF5F4AF" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[316,437,1142,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Panoplscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="specularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF6FFDD1D40FBD6ADF5F4AF" box="[316,437,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">P. specularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could do the same, and the full call of this species with organized verses may speculatively have been missed. The frequency of the maximally intense peak is relatively lower in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF6FFDD1DEAFB77AE41F4CF" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[406,513,1238,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Phaneropteridae" genus="Panoploscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scudderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF6FFDD1DEAFB77AE41F4CF" box="[406,513,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">P. scudderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D4DFFF6FFDD1E26FB77AE93F4CF" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1950" box="[602,723,1238,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Panoplscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="specularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF6FFDD1E26FB77AE93F4CF" box="[602,723,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">P. specularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(10- 11 kHz
|
||
<emphasis id="B92BEADCFFF6FFDD1CA1FB57ACB8F530" box="[221,248,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
11-13 kHz).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |