697 lines
64 KiB
XML
697 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1590/S1679-62252009000300004" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5420724" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="3" checkinTime="1630377161288" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Garutti, Valdener & Venere, Paulo Cesar" docDate="2009" docId="03F68786FF8AFFC7FC3EFD1AFAFAFBFB" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.2009.37.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 7 (3)" docSource="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252009000300004&lng=en&tlng=en" docStyle="DocumentStyle:85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5.4:NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Astyanax xavante Garutti & Venere 2009, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="381" masterDocId="FFCFFFFEFF8BFFC3FF81FFEBFFB1FF93" masterDocTitle="Astyanax xavante, a new species of characid from middle rio Araguaia in the Cerrado region, Central Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)" masterLastPageNumber="383" masterPageNumber="377" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" updateTime="1630685524316" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Astyanax xavante, a new species of characid from middle rio Araguaia in the Cerrado region, Central Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Garutti, Valdener</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Venere, Paulo Cesar</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2009-09-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>377</mods:start>
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<mods:end>383</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252009000300004&lng=en&tlng=en</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1590/S1679-62252009000300004</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5420724</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F68786FF8AFFC7FC3EFD1AFAFAFBFB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F68786FF8AFFC7FC3EFD1AFAFAFBFB" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="381" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
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<subSubSection box="[959,1301,753,777]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[959,1301,753,809]" box="[959,1301,753,777]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
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<heading box="[959,1301,753,777]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[959,1301,753,777]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
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<taxonomicName authority="Garutti & Venere, 2009" authorityName="Garutti & Venere" authorityYear="2009" box="[959,1156,753,777]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante" status="new species">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[959,1156,753,777]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Astyanax xavante</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1169,1301,753,777]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="378" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[959,1301,753,809]" box="[1099,1161,785,809]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
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<figureCitation box="[1099,1161,785,809]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,175,672,696]" captionTargetBox="[136,1460,174,661]" captionTargetId="figure-416@2.[136,1460,174,661]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Astyanax xavante, MZUSP 100375, 57.3 mm SL, holotype, from creek tributary of the córrego Avoadeira, rioAraguaia basin (approx. 15o53’S 52o15’W), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5420726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5420726/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1099,1161,785,809]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Fig. 1</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[809,1452,849,937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
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<taxonomicName box="[809,1046,849,873]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabripinnis">
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<emphasis box="[809,1046,849,873]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Astyanax scabripinnis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(not Jenyns, 1842), Souza & Moreira- Filho, 1995 (
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<collectingCountry box="[971,1039,881,905]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1048,1186,881,905]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
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, Barra do Garças; genetic features).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="378" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[809,1452,976,1085]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2005-02-01" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Garutti & P. C. Venere." country="Brazil" county="Barra do Garcas" latitude="-15.883333" location="Parque Estadual da Serra Azul" longLatPrecision="1284" longitude="-52.25" municipality="Avoadeira" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" specimenCode="MZUSP 100375" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,909,977,998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
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<typeStatus box="[809,906,977,998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode box="[919,1084,976,998]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">MZUSP 100375</specimenCode>
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,
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<quantity box="[1098,1188,976,998]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7299999999999995" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="57.3">57.3 mm</quantity>
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SL,
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<collectingCountry box="[1240,1302,977,999]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1316,1447,977,998]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty box="[809,972,1005,1027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Barra do Garças</collectingCounty>
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, creek tributary to the córrego
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<collectingMunicipality box="[1280,1382,1005,1027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Avoadeira</collectingMunicipality>
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, inside the
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F68786FF8AFFC7FC3EFD1AFAFAFBFB:8E80604BFF8AFFC2FCCAFBE0FBDEFBB3" box="[843,1135,1034,1056]" country="Brazil" county="Barra do Garcas" latitude="-15.883333" longLatPrecision="1284" longitude="-52.25" municipality="Avoadeira" name="Parque Estadual da Serra Azul" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Parque Estadual da Serra Azul</location>
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, approx.
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<geoCoordinate box="[1222,1299,1034,1056]" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" precision="925" value="-15.883333">
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15
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<superScript attach="none" box="[1246,1253,1034,1046]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">o</superScript>
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53’S
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</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[1304,1390,1034,1056]" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" precision="925" value="-52.25">
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52
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<superScript attach="none" box="[1328,1335,1034,1046]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">o</superScript>
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15’W
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</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date pageId="1" pageNumber="378" value="2005-02-01">
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<collectingDate pageId="1" pageNumber="378" value="2005-02-01">1 Feb 2005</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[869,887,1063,1084]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectorName box="[896,965,1063,1085]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Garutti</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName box="[996,1122,1063,1084]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">P. C. Venere.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[809,1452,1124,1175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
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<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MCP 43325" box="[809,1370,1124,1146]" collectionCode="MCP, MZUSP" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" specimenCode="45" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,917,1124,1145]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
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<typeStatus box="[809,913,1124,1145]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<accessionNumber box="[922,1038,1124,1146]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP43325" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
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<collectionCode box="[922,973,1124,1145]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">MCP</collectionCode>
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43325
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</accessionNumber>
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,
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<specimenCode box="[1047,1073,1124,1146]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">45</specimenCode>
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,
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<quantity box="[1081,1214,1124,1146]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.04" metricValueMax="5.82" metricValueMin="2.26" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="40.4" valueMax="58.2" valueMin="22.6">22.6-58.2 mm</quantity>
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SL and
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<collectionCode box="[1290,1370,1124,1145]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">MZUSP</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2005-02-01" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="Garutti & P. C. Venere." country="Brazil" county="Barra do Garcas" latitude="-15.883333" location="Parque Estadual da Serra Azul" longLatPrecision="1284" longitude="-52.25" municipality="Avoadeira" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" specimenCode="102" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="paratype">
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100376,
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<specimenCode box="[809,845,1153,1174]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">102</specimenCode>
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(3 cs),
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<quantity box="[919,1057,1152,1174]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.92" metricValueMax="5.96" metricValueMin="1.88" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="39.2" valueMax="59.6" valueMin="18.8">18.8-59.6 mm</quantity>
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SL, same data as for the holotype
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[809,1452,1213,1322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,1029,1213,1235]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Non-type specimens.</emphasis>
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All from
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<collectingCountry box="[1138,1201,1213,1235]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1215,1349,1214,1235]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
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, Barra do Garças, córrego Avoadeira, approx.
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<geoCoordinate box="[1177,1255,1242,1264]" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" precision="925" value="-15.883333">
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15
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<superScript attach="right" box="[1202,1209,1242,1254]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">o</superScript>
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53’S
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</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[1265,1353,1242,1264]" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" precision="925" value="-52.25">
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52
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<superScript attach="right" box="[1290,1297,1242,1254]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">o</superScript>
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15’W
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</geoCoordinate>
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. DZSJRP 11287, 67,
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<quantity box="[915,1052,1271,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.16" metricValueMax="5.66" metricValueMin="2.66" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="41.6" valueMax="56.6" valueMin="26.6">26.6-56.6 mm</quantity>
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SL,
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<materialsCitation box="[1096,1358,1271,1293]" collectingDate="2005-04-05" collectionCode="V" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" specimenCount="1">
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<date box="[1096,1206,1271,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" value="2005-04-05">
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<collectingDate box="[1096,1206,1271,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" value="2005-04-05">5 Apr 2005</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[1214,1232,1271,1292]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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. Garutti
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<emphasis box="[1314,1358,1271,1293]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
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</materialsCitation>
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<emphasis box="[1358,1362,1271,1292]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">.</emphasis>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="ICLMA" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" specimenCode="ICLMA 503, 52" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode collectionCode="ICLMA" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">ICLMA 503</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode box="[857,883,1300,1322]" collectionCode="ICLMA" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">52</specimenCode>
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, 25.0-
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<quantity box="[944,1031,1300,1322]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.72" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="57.2">57.2 mm</quantity>
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SL
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation box="[1077,1344,1300,1322]" collectingDate="2005-02-01" collectionCode="V" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" specimenCount="1">
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||
<date box="[1077,1188,1300,1322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" value="2005-02-01">
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<collectingDate box="[1077,1188,1300,1322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" value="2005-02-01">1 Feb 2005</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[1197,1215,1300,1321]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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. Garutti
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<emphasis box="[1298,1344,1300,1322]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
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</materialsCitation>
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<emphasis box="[1344,1348,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[809,1452,1361,1961]" lastBlockId="2.[136,779,816,1001]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,932,1361,1385]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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From the species assigned to the Araguaia-
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<collectingRegion box="[809,914,1393,1417]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
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basin,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Garutti & Venere" authorityYear="2009" box="[991,1180,1393,1417]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante">
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<emphasis box="[991,1180,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Astyanax xavante</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs readily by having humeral spot vertically elongated
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<emphasis box="[1175,1197,1426,1449]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">vs</emphasis>
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||
. horizontally oval in
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Garutti" authorityYear="1999" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argyrimarginatus">
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||
<emphasis box="[1428,1444,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">A</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis box="[809,1011,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">argyrimarginatus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gery" authorityYear="1972" box="[1031,1227,1457,1481]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asuncionensis">
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||
<emphasis box="[1031,1047,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<emphasis box="[1066,1227,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">asuncionensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1908" box="[1247,1409,1457,1481]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goyacensis">
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||
<emphasis box="[1247,1263,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
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||
<emphasis box="[1283,1409,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">goyacensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kullanderi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1428,1444,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,920,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">kullanderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[933,1026,1489,1513]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[933,949,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[962,1026,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">novae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garutti" authorityYear="1998" box="[1039,1202,1489,1513]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unitaeniatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1039,1055,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1068,1202,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">unitaeniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and other undescribed forms of the
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[950,1189,1521,1545]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[950,1189,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Astyanax bimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex; fewer lateral-line scales, 34-37
|
||
<emphasis box="[1083,1105,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. more than
|
||
<quantity box="[1236,1292,1553,1577]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" unit="in" value="48.0">48 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bertaco & Lucinda" authorityYear="2005" box="[1299,1452,1553,1577]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elachylepis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1299,1315,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1330,1452,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">elachylepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1908" box="[850,1003,1585,1609]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="symmetricus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[850,866,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[876,1003,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">symmetricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; larger body depth, 35.5-40.2
|
||
<emphasis box="[1301,1322,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. 25.0-28.6% of SL in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1908" box="[898,1020,1617,1641]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilior">
|
||
<emphasis box="[898,914,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[926,1020,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">gracilior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; more anal-fin rays, 23-26
|
||
<emphasis box="[1302,1324,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">vs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity box="[1336,1424,1617,1641]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" unit="in" value="18.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="18.0">18-19 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1928" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scintillans">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1429,1445,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,925,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">scintillans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and fewer maxillary teeth, 1-3
|
||
<emphasis box="[1307,1330,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">vs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity box="[1348,1416,1649,1673]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.397" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" unit="in" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4-7 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1909" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1428,1444,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,925,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">guianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garutti & Venere" authorityYear="2009" box="[937,1126,1681,1705]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante">
|
||
<emphasis box="[937,1126,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Astyanax xavante</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from all other congeners by the following combination of characters: two vertical, brown humeral spots, a brown stripe on the flank, a black spot on the middle caudal-fin rays, 19 to 23 branched anal-fin rays, 34 to 37 perforated scales on lateral line, larger body depth (35.5-40.2% of SL) in about two to three scales ahead of dorsal-fin origin, head length 28.4-31.2% of SL, head not massive, interorbital width 34.5-39.4% of HL, snout not abruptly tapered, distance from snout to origin of dorsal fin 50.0-56.0% of SL, one to three maxillary teeth, five tetra- to heptacuspidate premaxillary inner row teeth, four, large, pentato heptacuspidate, and four to nine, small uni-, bi-, tri- or pentacuspid, dentary teeth, anal-fin origin on vertical through posterior third of dorsal-fin base, and fin ray hooks in mature males absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5420726" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5420726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5420726/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" startId="2.[136,175,672,696]" targetBox="[136,1460,174,661]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1459,672,728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,205,672,696]" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", MZUSP" authorityName="MZUSP" box="[210,496,672,696]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante">
|
||
<emphasis box="[210,396,673,696]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Astyanax xavante</emphasis>
|
||
, MZUSP
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
100375, 57.3 mm SL, holotype, from creek tributary of the córrego Avoadeira, rio Araguaia basin (approx. 15
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[316,324,703,717]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">o</superScript>
|
||
53’S 52
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[405,413,703,717]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">o</superScript>
|
||
15’W), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="379" startId="2.[816,879,817,841]">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,816,905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,905,816,841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric and meristic data of the holotype and paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[953,1141,849,872]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante">
|
||
<emphasis box="[953,1141,849,872]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Astyanax xavante</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N: number of specimens; M: mean; SD: standard deviation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<table box="[817,1445,933,1496]" gridcols="5" gridrows="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,933,953]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,933,953]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Character</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,933,953]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">N</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,933,953]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">M±SD</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,933,953]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">range</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,933,953]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">holotype</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,959,978]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,959,978]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Standard length (mm)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,959,978]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,959,978]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">46.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,959,978]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">33.6-59.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,959,978]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">57.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,985,1005]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,985,1005]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Head length (mm)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,985,1005]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,985,1005]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">14.0±2.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,985,1005]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">10.0-19.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,985,1005]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">17.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1011,1031]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,1011,1031]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Body depth (mm)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,1011,1031]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,1011,1031]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">17.5±2.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,1011,1031]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">12.1-22.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,1011,1031]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">21.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1036,1056]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td box="[817,1343,1036,1056]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Percents of standard length</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1061,1082]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,1061,1082]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Head length</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,1061,1082]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,1061,1082]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">29.8±0.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,1061,1082]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">28.4-31.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,1061,1082]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">29.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1087,1108]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,1087,1108]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Body depth</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,1087,1108]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,1087,1108]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">37.7±1.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,1087,1108]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">35.5-40.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,1087,1108]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">37.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1113,1134]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,1113,1134]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Caudal peduncle depth</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,1113,1134]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,1113,1134]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">12.7±0.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,1113,1134]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">12.0-13.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,1113,1134]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">12.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1139,1160]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,1139,1160]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Snout to dorsal-fin origin</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,1139,1160]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,1139,1160]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">53.3±1.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,1139,1160]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">50.0-56.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,1139,1160]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">53.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1166,1186]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,1166,1186]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Snout to anal-fin origin</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,1166,1186]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,1166,1186]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">65.4±1.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,1166,1186]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">62.3-67.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,1166,1186]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">66.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1192,1212]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,1192,1212]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Distance dorsal-pectoral fins</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,1192,1212]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,1192,1212]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">41.8±1.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,1192,1212]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">39.4-44.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,1192,1212]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">43.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1218,1238]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,1218,1238]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Distance dorsal-anal fins</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,1218,1238]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,1218,1238]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">38.2±1.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,1218,1238]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">35.6-41.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,1218,1238]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">37.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1244,1264]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,1244,1264]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Distance anal-adipose fins</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,1244,1264]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,1244,1264]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">37.0±1.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,1244,1264]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">35.0-40.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,1244,1264]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">35.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1270,1290]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,1270,1290]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Distance dorsal-adipose fins</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,1270,1290]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,1270,1290]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">37.7±1.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,1270,1290]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">36.0-40.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,1270,1290]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">36.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1295,1315]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td box="[817,1239,1295,1315]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Percents of head length</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1321,1341]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,1321,1341]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Orbital diameter</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,1321,1341]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,1321,1341]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">36.7±2.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,1321,1341]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">31.6-40.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,1321,1341]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">31.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1346,1367]" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,1346,1367]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Interorbital width</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,1346,1367]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,1346,1367]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">36.4±1.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,1346,1367]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">34.5-39.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,1346,1367]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">38.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1373,1393]" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,1373,1393]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Head depth</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,1373,1393]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1343,1373,1393]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">98.2±4.2 92.2-106.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,1373,1393]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">99.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1399,1419]" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,1399,1419]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Upper jaw length</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,1399,1419]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">23</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,1399,1419]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">46.8±2.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,1399,1419]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">42.2-50.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,1399,1419]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">49.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1425,1445]" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,1425,1445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Snout length</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,1425,1445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">24</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,1425,1445]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">26.2±1.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,1425,1445]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">22.7-30.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,1425,1445]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">28.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1450,1470]" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td box="[817,1239,1450,1470]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Percents of body depth</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[817,1445,1475,1496]" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<td box="[817,1063,1475,1496]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Caudal peduncle depth</td>
|
||
<td box="[1094,1116,1475,1496]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1239,1475,1496]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">33.3±1.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[1255,1343,1475,1496]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">31.0-36.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[1373,1445,1475,1496]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">33.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="381" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,779,1040,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,273,1040,1064]" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric and meristic data of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[643,735,1041,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus box="[136,238,1073,1097]" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
presented in
|
||
<tableCitation box="[374,452,1073,1097]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[816,879,817,841]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric and meristic data of the holotype and paratypes of Astyanax xavante (N: number of specimens; M: mean; SD: standard deviation)." pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Larger specimen
|
||
<quantity box="[643,735,1072,1096]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.96" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="59.6">59.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL. Body compressed and elongate; larger depth in about two to three scales ahead of dorsal-fin origin. Preventral and predorsal areas rounded. Dorsal and ventral body portions unequal, first shallower when verified by imaginary horizontal line passing through buccal opening. Dorsal profile straight between snout and occipital process; slightly convex from this point to base of dorsal-fin origin; straight from there to caudal-fin, slightly concave at limits of dorsal and adipose fins. Ventral profile smoothly convex from snout up to slightly behind pectoral-fin origin; straight from that point to anal-fin origin; straight at base of anal fin and straight from there to caudal fin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,779,1040,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Mouth terminal and horizontal. Snout smaller than eye diameter. Upper jaw slightly longer than lower jaw. Upper jaw larger than orbital diameter.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,779,1040,1961]" lastBlockId="2.[816,1459,1585,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
Dorsal-fin origin at middle or posterior to middle of standard length; when adpressed its distal extremity reaches fourth scale anterior to adipose-fin origin; distal border smoothly rounded; ii,9 rays. Caudal fin naked and forked, with symmetric or slightly asymmetric lobes with lower lobe somewhat larger; extremities slightly round; i,17,i rays. Distal pectoral border smoothly rounded; distal extremity surpasses pelvic fin origin in larger specimens (larger than about
|
||
<quantity box="[545,619,1809,1833]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL), but not in smallest specimens; i,10-12
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[425,433,1839,1853]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">*</superScript>
|
||
rays. Pelvic-fin origin anterior to vertical line through dorsal-fin origin; distal border smoothly rounded; tip not reaching anal-fin origin; i,6
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[612,620,1903,1917]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">*</superScript>
|
||
- i,7 rays. Anal fin origin on vertical through posterior third of dorsal fin base; distal border smoothly convex (usually) or straight in anterior third, and smoothly convex (usually) or smoothly concave posteriorly; iii-v(iv
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1013,1021,1647,1661]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">*</superScript>
|
||
),19-23(20
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1131,1139,1647,1661]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">*</superScript>
|
||
) rays (total: 23-26).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,1585,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Dorsal procurrent rays 12(3); ventral procurrent rays 10(3). Vertebrae 35(1) or 36(2). Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 7+1+10(1), 8+1+9(1), or 8+1+10(1). Supraneurals 4(2) or 5(1).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,1585,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">
|
||
Scales cycloid, not very thick. Lateral line complete, 34- 37(36*) perforated scales. Transverse rows of scales 12- 14(13*); above lateral line 6-7* rows; below lateral line 5*-6 rows. Scales sheath along anal fin base covering bases of unbranched rays and about ten first branched rays. Predorsal scales
|
||
<quantity box="[886,974,1937,1961]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.175" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="2.794" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" unit="in" value="12.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="11.0">11-14 in</quantity>
|
||
regular series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,772,177,521]" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">
|
||
Dentary with 4 larger teeth, followed by 4 to 9 small teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[137,209,209,233]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[129,167,1104,1128]" captionTargetBox="[137,770,622,1083]" captionTargetId="figure-621@3.[131,774,616,1086]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Astyanax xavante, ICLMA 503, 35.0 mm SL, non-type, lateral view of left side of upper and lower jaw teeth, scale = 5 mm (DEN:dentary; MX:maxilla; PMX:premaxilla)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5420728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5420728/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larger teeth penta- to heptacuspidate. In some specimens, first small tooth (fifth tooth counted from mandibular symphysis) more developed than following ones, although distinctly smaller than preceding four teeth. Small teeth uni-, bi-, tri-, and pentacuspidate. Premaxilla with two tooth rows. Inner row with 5 (rarely 4) teeth: tri- to heptacuspidate. Outer row with 4 (rarely 3 or 5) teeth: tri- and pentacuspidate. Maxilla with 1 to 3 teeth, tri- and pentacuspidate. Cuspids of different sizes, central always larger than lateral and arranged in straight line.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5420728" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5420728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5420728/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="380" startId="3.[129,167,1104,1128]" targetBox="[137,770,622,1083]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,771,1104,1192]" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,196,1104,1128]" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", ICLMA" authorityName="ICLMA" box="[201,479,1104,1128]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante">
|
||
<emphasis box="[201,382,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">Astyanax xavante</emphasis>
|
||
, ICLMA
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
503, 35.0 mm SL, non-type, lateral view of left side of upper and lower jaw teeth, scale = 5 mm (DEN: dentary; MX: maxilla; PMX: premaxilla).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,772,1297,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,326,1297,1321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">Coloration in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Brownish background (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[577,640,1297,1321]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[136,174,732,756]" captionTargetBox="[138,1461,174,718]" captionTargetId="figure-589@4.[138,1462,174,718]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Astyanax xavante, MZUSP 100376, 47.3 mm SL, paratype, from córrego Avoadeira, rioAraguaia basin, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso (upon capture)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5420730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5420730/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsum of head and trunk brown. Side of head cream. Flank brownish above lateral line; lower flank greenish-silver. Branchiostegal region and ventral trunk area whitish. Two vertical brown diffuse humeral spots. First spot located between 2
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[678,694,1423,1437]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">nd</superScript>
|
||
and 6
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[759,771,1423,1437]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">th</superScript>
|
||
scales behind opercle margin; its depth includes three scale rows above and two below lateral line. Second humeral spot located 2-3 scales posterior to first spot; pale, bar-shaped area between both spots. Pale areas also anterior to and below humeral spots. Lateral wide stripe brownish, with diffuse shape on body flank, including 1
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[410,420,1616,1630]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">st</superScript>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[446,462,1615,1629]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">nd</superScript>
|
||
and 3
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[526,539,1615,1629]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">rd</superScript>
|
||
scale rows above and 1
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[142,152,1648,1662]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">st</superScript>
|
||
scale row below (this on vertical through about half of anal-fin) lateral line. Middle caudal rays black from 7
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[690,702,1679,1693]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">th</superScript>
|
||
to 11
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[759,771,1679,1693]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">th</superScript>
|
||
or 12
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[182,194,1711,1725]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">th</superScript>
|
||
rays, including their extremities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,772,1297,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">Proximal half of dorsal fin yellowish and blackish on distal half of first 3-5 branched rays. Proximal anal fin yellowish and distal half orangish-yellow, with black border, especially on anterior and middle thirds.Adipose and pectoral fins yellowish. Proximal half of pelvic fin yellowish and orangish-yellow on distal halves of rays. Distal upper and lower caudal-fin lobes reddish, and middle rays yellowish. Dark spot on pupil.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[809,1452,177,937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,1060,177,201]" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">Coloration in alcohol.</emphasis>
|
||
Background slightly brownish with wide brown diffuse stripe on flank, usually from second humeral spot to caudal fin base; its width encompassing 1
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1434,1444,240,254]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">st</superScript>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[822,838,271,285]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">nd</superScript>
|
||
and 3
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[904,917,271,285]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">rd</superScript>
|
||
scale rows above and 1
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1174,1184,272,286]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">st</superScript>
|
||
scale row below (this on vertical through about half of anal fin) lateral line. Dorsum and upper lateral head regions dark brown; head lower lateral and branchyostegal region cream or slightly whitish. Dorsum trunk dark brown, lateral upper dorsal trunk greenish-brown, and lower lateral whitish-brown. Ventral trunk cream or slightly white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[809,1452,177,937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">
|
||
Conspicuous brown first humeral spot, similar to somewhat diffuse, inverted triangle shape, width about four-five scales and depth of about five scales, two below and three above lateral line. Inconspicuous or faint second bar-shaped brownish humeral spot little behind first humeral spot, sometimes mixed with brown lateral stripe; pale or whitish anterior areas between and below humeral spots. Black middle caudal rays, from 7
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1002,1014,719,733]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">th</superScript>
|
||
to 11
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1068,1080,719,733]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">th</superScript>
|
||
or 12
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1136,1148,719,733]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">th</superScript>
|
||
, with its extremities included.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[809,1452,177,937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">Dorsal fin hyaline or translucent, blackish or not, on distal half of first three-five branched rays. Anal fin hyaline or translucent, with blackish ray tips. Caudal-fin lobes slightly blackish or translucent; middle caudal rays black. Adipose, pectoral, and pelvic fins hyaline, translucent or slightly blackish. Pupil with dark spot.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[809,1452,977,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,1152,977,1001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">Habitat and ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1162,1355,977,1001]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1162,1355,977,1001]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">Astyanax xavante</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits crystalline water streams with flow from
|
||
<quantity box="[1260,1419,1009,1033]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="380" unit="m" value="0.375" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.05">0.05 to 0.70 m</quantity>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1419,1427,1008,1022]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">3</superScript>
|
||
/s. There is a reduced number of pools along these watercourses, but there are many rapids and accentuated falls, some up to
|
||
<quantity box="[809,862,1105,1129]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="380" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
||
high. The bottom of the rapids is generally composed of stone and gravel-stone. Sand and small silt and clay fractions prevail at the bottom of the pools. In general, the rapids are typical of mountain streams with fast-flowing water and gravel, rocky, and sandy bottoms. The banks are covered by riparian forest which prevents most light penetration and have little or no marginal herbaceous vegetation. There are many exposed roots from erosion and many tree trunks, branches and submerged leaves, in various stages of decomposition. The fishes preferentially occupy the water surface and the spaces among roots and branches. They usually form schools with up to two dozen individuals, but schools with about 150 individuals have also been observed. They are more abundant in the upper and middle courses of the córrego Avoadeira, and their frequency decreases downstream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[809,1452,977,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[847,1032,1585,1609]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante">
|
||
<emphasis box="[847,1032,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">Astyanax xavante</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is seemingly the only species inhabiting above the cachoeira Pé da Serra, the lowest of all twelve waterfalls at this creek.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1055,1241,1649,1673]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1055,1241,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">Astyanax xavante</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected about
|
||
<quantity box="[809,898,1681,1705]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="380" unit="km" value="0.5">0.5 km</quantity>
|
||
below that waterfall syntopically with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garutti" authorityYear="1999" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argyrimarginatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1427,1443,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,999,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">argyrimarginatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gery" authorityYear="1972" box="[1012,1194,1713,1737]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asuncionensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1012,1028,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1042,1194,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">asuncionensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bertaco & Lucinda" authorityYear="2005" box="[1206,1357,1713,1737]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elachylepis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1206,1222,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1235,1357,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">elachylepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Knodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1369,1451,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">Knodus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[859,990,1745,1769]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Characidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Heckel" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1063,1309,1745,1769]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Aequidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetramerus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1063,1309,1745,1769]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">Aequidens tetramerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1327,1440,1745,1769]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cichlidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), despite the reduced frequency of the latter. All the collections were conducted in the daytime.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[809,1452,977,1962]" lastBlockId="4.[136,779,881,1769]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="381" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[847,1040,1841,1865]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante">
|
||
<emphasis box="[847,1040,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="380">Astyanax xavante</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an opportunistic omnivorous fish. Studies on the feeding ecology of this species have shown that from a total of 357 examined stomachs, 90.4% contained some kind of food and 9.6% were empty. A lot of food of allochthonous origin, primarily composed of terrestrial insects (Hymenoptera, present in 29% of the stomachs; Diptera, 14.1%; Homoptera, 4.2%; and Hemiptera, 3.7%) was found in the stomachs, as well as materials of plant origin. Mainly leaves, small pieces of wood, tips of roots, flowers, fruits, and seeds were present in 48% of the stomachs examined. The majority of autochthonous foods identified were composed of aquatic insects (mainly adults, larvae and nymphs of Odonata, Trichoptera and other insects) present in 18% of the stomachs examined, and mites observed in 4.2% of the stomachs. Other food items found in smaller proportions were Ostracoda crustaceans. Filamentous algae were found in 12.3% of the individuals. Fish scales were observed in 9.3% of the total samples with food, and Protista in 2.8%, reinforcing the opportunistic behavior of these fish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5420730" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5420730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5420730/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" startId="4.[136,174,732,756]" targetBox="[138,1461,174,718]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,1459,732,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,203,732,756]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", MZUSP" authorityName="MZUSP" box="[208,490,732,756]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante">
|
||
<emphasis box="[208,392,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Astyanax xavante</emphasis>
|
||
, MZUSP
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
100376, 47.3 mm SL, paratype, from córrego Avoadeira, rio Araguaia basin, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso (upon capture).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,779,881,1769]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">
|
||
Studies conducted on 357 fish specimens during the dry season (
|
||
<date box="[221,448,1393,1417]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" value="1992-07" valueMax="1992-10-31" valueMin="1992-07-00">July to October 1992</date>
|
||
) and flooded season (
|
||
<date pageId="4" pageNumber="381" value="1993-02" valueMax="1993-03-31" valueMin="1993-02-00">February and March 1993</date>
|
||
) showed individuals in all stages of sexual maturity, except for the specimens collected on
|
||
<date box="[631,774,1457,1481]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" value="1992-07-19">July 19, 1992</date>
|
||
, when all individuals were ready for spawning. Fish ready for spawning were found in all collections, as well as many small, young specimens. The gonads, although mature, had a small number of oocytes compared to other mature fish. Thus, it seems evident that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[347,461,1617,1640]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante">
|
||
<emphasis box="[347,363,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[379,461,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">xavante</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a long spawning period. The highest percentages of sexually mature individuals occurred in the dry months. The smallest mature male specimen had
|
||
<quantity box="[176,247,1712,1736]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL; the smallest female,
|
||
<quantity box="[488,558,1712,1736]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL.Hooks in the male fins were not seen in any reproductive phases.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,779,1808,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,443,1808,1832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation county="Avoadeira" location="Parque Estadual da Serra Azul" municipality="rio Araguaia" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
|
||
Known from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[638,684,1809,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, córrego
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[222,335,1841,1865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Avoadeira</collectingCounty>
|
||
, a middle
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[440,572,1841,1865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">rio Araguaia</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
tributary located in the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F68786FF8AFFC7FC3EFD1AFAFAFBFB:8E80604BFF8FFFC7FF30F8BAFDB2F8FA" box="[177,515,1873,1897]" county="Avoadeira" municipality="rio Araguaia" name="Parque Estadual da Serra Azul" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Parque Estadual da Serra Azul</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F68786FF8AFFC7FC3EFD1AFAFAFBFB:8E80604BFF8FFFC7FD91F8BAFD77F8FA" box="[528,710,1873,1897]" county="Avoadeira" municipality="rio Araguaia" name="Barra do Garcas" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Barra do Garças</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F68786FF8AFFC7FC3EFD1AFAFAFBFB:8E80604BFF8FFFC7FF5EF89AFEFFF81A" box="[223,334,1905,1929]" county="Avoadeira" municipality="rio Araguaia" name="Serra Azul" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Serra Azul</location>
|
||
is located in the extreme south of the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F68786FF8AFFC7FC3EFD1AFAFAFBFB:8E80604BFF8FFFC7FD53F89AFEA5F83A" county="Avoadeira" municipality="rio Araguaia" name="Serra do Roncador" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Serra do Roncador</location>
|
||
, at the beginning of the great
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F68786FF8AFFC7FC3EFD1AFAFAFBFB:8E80604BFF8FFFC7FDD3F87AFCBAF83A" box="[594,779,1937,1961]" county="Avoadeira" municipality="rio Araguaia" name="Central Brazilian" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Central Brazilian</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[816,1323,880,904]" box="[816,1323,880,904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Plateau, whose direction is mainly south-north.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="381" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[816,1459,944,1064]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,946,944,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1166,1250,945,968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1166,1250,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">xavante</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a reference to the Xavante ethnic group, constituted by the natives inhabiting the Serra do Roncador and middle rio Araguaia,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1316,1455,1008,1032]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[816,885,1040,1064]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. A noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[816,1355,1104,1128]" box="[816,1355,1104,1128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,983,1104,1128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Popular name.</emphasis>
|
||
“Pe’auptabi” in Xavante language.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |