351 lines
27 KiB
XML
351 lines
27 KiB
XML
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<mods:title>An annotated checklist of the South African Acanthodrilidae (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae: Acanthodrilinae, Benhamiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName authority="Beddard, 1893" authorityName="Beddard" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,825,1301,1327]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="saliens" subGenus="Diplothecodrilus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,298,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">Dichogaster</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[314,516,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">Diplothecodrilus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[533,616,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">saliens</emphasis>
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(
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Beddard,
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Microdrilus
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</emphasis>
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Beddard,
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:
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<number box="[516,557,1366,1388]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="683.0">683</number>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis box="[151,347,1397,1419]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">
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Microdrilus
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<taxonomicName authority="Reynolds and Cook" authorityName="Reynolds and Cook" box="[277,347,1397,1419]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="saliens">saliens</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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: Reynolds and Cook
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<number box="[567,609,1397,1419]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="976.0">976</number>
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:
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<number box="[618,659,1397,1419]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="166.0">166</number>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="45.[151,1435,1366,1603]" box="[151,524,1427,1450]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName authority="Eisen, 1900: 228" authorityName="Eisen" authorityPageNumber="228" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,520,1427,1450]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="crawi">
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<emphasis box="[151,340,1428,1450]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">Dichogaster crawi</emphasis>
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Eisen,
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<number box="[415,469,1428,1449]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="1900.0">1900</number>
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:
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<number box="[479,520,1428,1449]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="228.0">228</number>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,667,1458,1480]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName authority="Michaelsen 1913a: 418" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityPageNumber="418" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,592,1458,1480]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="crawi">
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<emphasis box="[151,340,1458,1480]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">Dichogaster crawi</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation author="Michaelsen" box="[353,592,1458,1480]" page="418" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" year="1913">
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Michaelsen
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<number box="[476,530,1459,1480]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="1913.0">1913</number>
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a
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:
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<number box="[551,592,1459,1480]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="418.0">418</number>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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.
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<emphasis box="[151,354,1489,1511]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">Dichogaster saliens</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation author="Ljungstrom" box="[370,589,1489,1511]" page="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" year="1972">
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Ljungström
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<number box="[496,550,1490,1511]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="1972.0">1972</number>
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a
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Reynolds" box="[602,921,1489,1511]" page="166" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation author="Reynolds" box="[602,868,1489,1511]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" refString="Reynolds J. W. & Cook, D. G. (1976) Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica. A catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. Ottawa: Runge Press. 217 pp." type="book" year="1976">
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Reynolds and Cook
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<number box="[814,868,1489,1511]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="1976.0">1976</number>
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:
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Reynolds" box="[933,1239,1489,1511]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" refString="Reynolds, J. W. & Reinecke, A. J. (1976) A preliminary survey of the earthworms of the Kruger National Park, South Africa (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae, Megascolecidae and Octochaetidae). Wetenskaplike Bydraes van dir PU vir CHO, Reeks B: Natuurwetrenskappe, 89, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1976">
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Reynolds and Reinecke
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<number box="[1185,1239,1489,1511]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="1976.0">1976</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<number box="[1251,1266,1490,1511]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="7.0">7</number>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Zicsi" box="[1278,1432,1489,1511]" page="71" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation author="Zicsi" box="[1278,1392,1489,1511]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" refString="Zicsi, A. (1998) Neue und seltene terrestrische Oligochaeten aus Sudafrika. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 95, 59 - 77." type="journal article" year="1998">
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Zicsi
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<number box="[1338,1392,1490,1511]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="1998.0">1998</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<number box="[1404,1432,1490,1511]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="71.0">71</number>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Dlamini" box="[199,342,1520,1542]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" refString="Dlamini, T. C. (2002) Influence of land use on soil organic matter status, microbial biomass C and size and composition of earthworm communities in northern KwaZulu-Natal. MSc (Agric.) dissertation. Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal, 96 pp." type="book" year="2002">
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Dlamini
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<number box="[288,342,1520,1541]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="2002.0">2002</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<number box="[352,380,1520,1542]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="62.0">62</number>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Horn" box="[391,577,1520,1542]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" refString="Horn, J. L., Plisko, J. D. & Hamer, M. L. (2007) The leaf-litter earthworm fauna (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of forests in Limpopo Province, South Africa: diversity, communities and conservation. African Zoology, 42 (2), 172 - 179." type="journal article" year="2007">
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Horn and al.
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<number box="[523,577,1520,1541]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="2007.0">2007</number>
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:
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<number box="[587,628,1520,1542]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="175.0">175</number>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="45.[151,1435,1366,1603]" box="[151,1263,1550,1573]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName authority="Csuzdi 1995: 108" authorityName="Csuzdi" authorityPageNumber="108" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,753,1550,1573]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="saliens" subGenus="Diplothcecodrilus">
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<emphasis box="[151,276,1551,1573]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">Dichogaster</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis box="[291,474,1551,1573]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">Diplothcecodrilus</emphasis>
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||
)
|
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<emphasis box="[488,558,1551,1573]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">saliens</emphasis>
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:
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||
<treatmentCitation author="Csuzdi" box="[572,753,1550,1572]" page="108" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" year="1995">
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Csuzdi
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<number box="[649,703,1550,1572]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="1995.0">1995</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<number box="[713,753,1551,1572]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="108.0">108</number>
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|
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,
|
||
<number box="[763,817,1551,1572]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="2000.0">2000</number>
|
||
: 66, 2010:
|
||
<number box="[929,969,1550,1572]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="116.0">116</number>
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;
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Plisko" box="[979,1154,1550,1572]" page="292" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation author="Plisko" box="[979,1104,1550,1572]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" refString="Plisko, J. D. (2010) Megadrile earthworm taxa introduced to South African soils (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae). African Invertebrates, 51 (2), 289 - 312." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
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Plisko
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<number box="[1049,1104,1551,1572]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="2010.0">2010</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<number box="[1113,1154,1551,1572]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="292.0">292</number>
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;
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<collectionCode box="[1164,1258,1551,1572]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">NMSAD</collectionCode>
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.
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<taxonomicName box="[151,558,1581,1603]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="saliens" subGenus="Diplothcecodrilus">
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<emphasis box="[151,276,1581,1603]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">Dichogaster</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,474,1581,1603]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">Diplothcecodrilus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis box="[488,558,1581,1603]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">saliens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[591,661,1581,1603]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="saliens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[591,661,1581,1603]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">saliens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group:
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Csuzdi" box="[740,921,1581,1603]" page="358" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" year="1996">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Csuzdi" box="[740,871,1581,1603]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" refString="Csuzdi, Cs. (1996) Revision der Unterfamilie Benhamiinae Michaelsen, 1897 (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 72 (2), 347 - 367." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Csuzdi
|
||
<number box="[817,871,1581,1603]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="1996.0">1996</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 358
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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, 2010:
|
||
<number box="[995,1036,1582,1603]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="108.0">108</number>
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.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
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|
||
<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[151,1436,1642,1984]" box="[151,749,1642,1667]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,301,1642,1667]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[151,210,1643,1667]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[315,360,1643,1666]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
: potting soil in Kew Gardens,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[701,745,1643,1666]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[151,1436,1642,1984]" box="[199,732,1678,1702]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">Species origin unknown, probably West Africa.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[151,1436,1642,1984]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1713,1738]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Csuzdi" box="[359,511,1713,1737]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" refString="Csuzdi, Cs. (1995) A catalogue of Benhamiinae species (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 97 B, 99 - 123." type="journal article" year="1995">Csuzdi (1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Csuzdi" box="[523,581,1713,1737]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" refString="Csuzdi, Cs. (2010) A monograph of the Paleotropical Benhamiinae earthworms. (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Acanthodrilidae). In: Csudi Cs. & Mahunka S. (Eds.), Pedozoologica Hungarica, Taxonomic, zoogeographic and faunistic studies on soil animals, No 6. Budapest: Hungarian Natural History Museum, 348 pp." type="book" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) after examination of ‘more than
|
||
<specimenCount box="[957,1123,1713,1737]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" type="generic">
|
||
<number box="[957,999,1713,1737]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="600.0">600</number>
|
||
specimens
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
recorded from
|
||
<number box="[1292,1317,1713,1737]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
countries’ found it world-widely distributed. (Numerous synonyms in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Csuzdi" box="[821,965,1749,1773]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" refString="Csuzdi, Cs. (1995) A catalogue of Benhamiinae species (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 97 B, 99 - 123." type="journal article" year="1995">Csuzdi 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Csuzdi" box="[976,1037,1749,1773]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" refString="Csuzdi, Cs. (2010) A monograph of the Paleotropical Benhamiinae earthworms. (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Acanthodrilidae). In: Csudi Cs. & Mahunka S. (Eds.), Pedozoologica Hungarica, Taxonomic, zoogeographic and faunistic studies on soil animals, No 6. Budapest: Hungarian Natural History Museum, 348 pp." type="book" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1127,1181,1749,1773]" name="South Africa" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1127,1181,1749,1773]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">RSA</collectionCode>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
this is one of the most frequent and abundant
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[408,546,1784,1808]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="45" pageNumber="49" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[408,546,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">Dichogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Known from a number of sites of three provinces.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1215,1275,1784,1808]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">KZN</emphasis>
|
||
: Durban area; Stamford Hill Rd; Umlalazi Nature Reserve. Pietermaritzburg: Chapel Str.; Voortrekkers Graveyard; Montrose; Town Bush Valley; Scottsville; Ashburton. Baynesfield. Merrivale, Arden Farm. Karkloof Nature Reserve; Safari World. Karkloof, Benvie Farm. Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve. Richmond area. In Eshowe area a range of sites in natural grassland and a variety of cultivated fields.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[725,835,1925,1949]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Udeina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="45" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mapelane">Mapelane</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nature Reserve.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1030,1069,1924,1949]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">EC</emphasis>
|
||
: Mkhabati Forest.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1283,1319,1925,1949]" pageId="45" pageNumber="49">LP</emphasis>
|
||
: Drakensberg, Northern forested part.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="46.[151,1436,151,387]" pageId="46" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,308,152,176]" pageId="46" pageNumber="50">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus box="[323,379,152,176]" pageId="46" pageNumber="50">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material
|
||
<collectionCode box="[488,572,152,175]" pageId="46" pageNumber="50">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1904.10.5.536–
|
||
<number box="[756,784,151,175]" pageId="46" pageNumber="50" value="40.0">40</number>
|
||
as indicated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reynolds" box="[972,1263,151,175]" pageId="46" pageNumber="50" refString="Reynolds J. W. & Cook, D. G. (1976) Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica. A catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. Ottawa: Runge Press. 217 pp." type="book" year="1976">
|
||
Reynolds & Cook (
|
||
<number box="[1195,1255,151,175]" pageId="46" pageNumber="50" value="1976.0">1976</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, not confirmed here. The species occurs in cultivated fields, grasslands and forested areas, and is also common andabundant in protected nature reserves. It may be of interest to note that three specimens collected in Scottsville and recorded by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Michaelsen" box="[151,433,257,281]" pageId="46" pageNumber="50" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1913 a) Die Oligochaeten des Kaplandes. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 34, 473 - 556." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Michaelsen (
|
||
<number box="[296,356,257,281]" pageId="46" pageNumber="50" value="1913.0">1913</number>
|
||
a:
|
||
<number box="[381,424,257,281]" pageId="46" pageNumber="50" value="418.0">418</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
under the name of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[654,865,257,281]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="46" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="crawi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[654,865,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="50">Dichogaster crawi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, now
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[936,1103,257,281]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="46" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="saliens" subGenus="Diplothcecodrilus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[936,956,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="50">D</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis box="[980,1000,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="50">D</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis box="[1025,1103,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="50">saliens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(synomized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Csuzdi" box="[1285,1427,257,281]" pageId="46" pageNumber="50" refString="Csuzdi, Cs. (1995) A catalogue of Benhamiinae species (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 97 B, 99 - 123." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Csuzdi
|
||
<number box="[1370,1427,257,281]" pageId="46" pageNumber="50" value="1995.0">1995</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are kept in the KZN Museum under
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[553,636,292,316]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="46" pageNumber="50">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
/Olig.00280 and
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[821,906,292,316]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="46" pageNumber="50">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
/Olig.00281; the other eight specimens from the same locality are in
|
||
<collectionCode box="[380,442,329,352]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="46" pageNumber="50">ZMH</collectionCode>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[482,692,328,352]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Dichogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="46" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="crawi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[482,692,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="50">Dichogaster crawi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
numbered
|
||
<collectionCode box="[820,849,327,351]" pageId="46" pageNumber="50">V-</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[849,892,327,351]" pageId="46" pageNumber="50" value="766.0">766</number>
|
||
. Three specimens collected at Chapel Str. are in the tube marked
|
||
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[338,422,363,387]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="46" pageNumber="50">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
/Olig.00279.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |