536 lines
72 KiB
XML
536 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="E34975261809CB1801C16E8E2C9D8CC4" ID-CLB-Dataset="26456" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4619.2.13" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0436e7e3-cd42-420d-a6e9-6b69afb0a911" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3249571" ID-ZooBank="37384F80-62A3-4D83-A78A-C4C950DD9F40" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1560916773832" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Morffe, Jans, García, Nayla, Davis, Andrew K., Hasegawa, Koichi & Carreno, Ramon A." docDate="2019" docId="03F53F38FFC0E93AFF40FDD5FC2FAF18" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4619.2.13.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4619 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Xyo Cobb 1898" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="399" masterDocId="FFCC4740FFC3E932FFD7FFF0FFA2AE7F" masterDocTitle="Morphological and molecular characterization of Xyo pseudohystrix Travassos & Kloss, 1958 (Nematoda: Oxyuridomorpha: Hystrignathidae) from Odontotaenius disjunctus (Illiger, 1800) (Coleoptera: Passalidae) from USA and discussion on its taxonomic status" masterLastPageNumber="400" masterPageNumber="391" pageNumber="394" updateTime="1698735404568" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B9F0C709E6ADB4F8DE86B06EB2368BAE">Morphological and molecular characterization of Xyo pseudohystrix Travassos & Kloss, 1958 (Nematoda: Oxyuridomorpha: Hystrignathidae) from Odontotaenius disjunctus (Illiger, 1800) (Coleoptera: Passalidae) from USA and discussion on its taxonomic status</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C33C67A86E1C9F438EAA6483B6EC8C03">Morffe, Jans</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0BA434156099FAADE2A8562392DCD6C7">García, Nayla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7FB1945C6B7592128AA7163B36C3E531">Davis, Andrew K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="80B6EBB7795D740162EAA48A6BFD61E1">Hasegawa, Koichi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B357FACA7D113B6E6E166E267A726EF">Carreno, Ramon A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BA529835819DCB06F12FE96FF2B3ACFE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6C1EB06D688CBB1643421C8A9D815D97">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F53F38FFC0E93AFF40FDD5FC2FAF18" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158297380" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F53F38FFC0E93AFF40FDD5FC2FAF18" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F53F38FFC0E93AFF40FDD5FC2FAF18" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
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<subSubSection id="C346DDA5FFC0E931FF40FDD5FEFEAC40" box="[151,348,549,575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC0E931FF40FDD5FEFEAC40" blockId="3.[151,348,549,575]" box="[151,348,549,575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
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<heading id="D0AB3942FFC0E931FF40FDD5FEFEAC40" bold="true" box="[151,348,549,575]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC0E931FF40FDD5FEFEAC40" authority="Cobb, 1898" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,348,549,575]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FF40FDD5FEFEAC40" bold="true" box="[151,348,549,575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
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<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FF40FDD5FF64AC40" bold="true" box="[151,198,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Xyo</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC0E931FF19FDD5FEFEAC40" author="Cobb, N. A." box="[206,348,549,575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" pagination="296 - 321" refId="ref5606" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1898) Extract from a manuscript report on the parasites of stock. Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales, 9, 296 - 321." type="journal article" year="1898">Cobb, 1898</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="C346DDA5FFC0E931FF40FD9DFE36ACD4" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC0E931FF40FD9DFCF5ACF8" blockId="3.[151,855,621,683]" box="[151,855,621,648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC0E931FF40FD9DFD0CACF8" authority="Travassos & Kloss, 1958" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,686,621,648]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix" status="incertae sedis">
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<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FF40FD9DFD0CACF8" bold="true" box="[151,686,621,648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
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<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FF40FD9DFED4ACF7" bold="true" box="[151,374,621,648]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Xyo pseudohystrix</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC0E931FEAAFD9DFD0CACF8" author="Travassos, L. & Kloss, G. R." box="[381,686,621,647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" pagination="23 - 57" refId="ref6366" refString="Travassos, L. & Kloss, G. R. (1958) Sobre a fauna de nematodeos dos coleopteros Passalidae da Estacao Biologica de Boraceia. Arquivos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 11, 23 - 57." type="journal article" year="1958">Travassos & Kloss, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21BEF47FFC0E931FD62FD9EFCF5ACF8" box="[693,855,621,647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
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<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FD62FD9EFCF5ACF8" box="[693,855,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">incertae sedis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC0E931FF40FD61FE36ACD4" blockId="3.[151,855,621,683]" box="[151,404,657,683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
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<figureCitation id="136792ABFFC0E931FF40FD61FF7BACD4" box="[151,217,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1810,1835]" captionTargetBox="[187,1339,166,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[183,1339,166,1798]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Xyo pseudohystrix Travassos & Kloss, 1958 incertae sedis (Nematoda:Oxyuridomorpha:Hystrignathidae).Female. A. Oesophageal region, lateral view. B. Tail, lateral view. C. Cephalic end, optical section. D. Cephalic end, external view (reconstructed from SEM images). E. Cephalic end, en face view (reconstructed from SEM images). F. Spines at the midpoint of the spiny region (reconstructed from SEM images). G. Spines at the end of the spiny region (reconstructed from SEM images). H. Genital tract, lateral view. I. Habitus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3249573/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A–I,
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<figureCitation id="136792ABFFC0E931FECFFD61FEFBACD4" box="[280,345,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1902,1927]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,166,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[193,1395,166,1890]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Xyo pseudohystrix Travassos & Kloss, 1958 incertae sedis (Nematoda:Oxyuridomorpha:Hystrignathidae).Female. SEM images. A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Cervical region, lateral view. C. Tail, ventral view. D. Cephalic end, en face view. E. Cephalic end, lateral view. F. Spines at the midpoint of the spiny region. G. Spines at the end of the spiny region. Scale bars: A. 500 µm. B. 300 µm. C. 200 µm. D. 30 µm. E, G. 50 µm. F. 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3249575/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A–G
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346DDA5FFC0E931FF40FD29FB01AD68" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC0E931FF40FD29FB01AD68" blockId="3.[151,1437,728,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
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<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FF40FD29FED1AC8C" box="[151,371,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Vouchers:
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<specimenCount id="9D5A45A7FFC0E931FE38FD28FD94AC8C" box="[495,566,728,755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" type="female">15♀♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34BCEBEFFC0E931FD95FD29FDDFAC8C" box="[578,637,729,755]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34BCEBEFFC0E931FD5FFD29FD47AC8C" box="[648,741,729,755]" name="Georgia" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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, Athens; in
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC0E931FCB0FD29FB27AC8C" baseAuthorityName="Illiger" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[871,1157,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Odontotaenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjunctus">
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<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FCB0FD29FB27AC8C" box="[871,1157,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Odontotaenius disjunctus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<date id="FFE2A8EEFFC0E931FB44FD28FAACAC8C" box="[1171,1294,728,755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" value="2016-05-15">15/V/2016</date>
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; A. K. Davis coll.;
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<collectionCode id="ED4D16EBFFC0E931FF00FD0DFE96AD68" box="[215,308,765,791]" country="Cuba" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b49z-cz3a" name="Coleccion Zoologia, Academia de Ciencias de Cuba" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">CZACC</collectionCode>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE68E8E9FFC0E931FEECFD0CFE34AD68" box="[315,406,764,791]" degrees="11.7135" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" precision="5" value="11.7135">11.7135</geoCoordinate>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B348473FFC0E931FDDCFD0DFB3DAD68" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2268317425" box="[523,1183,764,791]" collectionCode="MNHNSD" latitude="5.0022" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-5.0025" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4">
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<specimenCount id="9D5A45A7FFC0E931FDDCFD0DFDE6AD68" box="[523,580,765,791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" type="female">4♀♀</specimenCount>
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, same data as the latter;
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<collectionCode id="ED4D16EBFFC0E931FC80FD0DFC72AD68" box="[855,976,765,791]" country="Dominican Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/736g-snne" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santo Domingo" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">MNHNSD</collectionCode>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE68E8E9FFC0E931FC0FFD0CFB97AD68" box="[984,1077,764,791]" degrees="05.0022" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" precision="5" value="5.0022">05.0022</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE68E8E9FFC0E931FBE2FD0CFB3DAD68" box="[1077,1183,764,791]" degrees="05.0025" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" precision="5" value="-5.0025">–05.0025</geoCoordinate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346DDA5FFC0E93AFF10FCD1FC2FAF18" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC0E931FF10FCD1FD84A82C" blockId="3.[151,1437,728,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
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<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FF10FCD1FEC8AD44" box="[199,362,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Redescription.</emphasis>
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Female. Body comparatively robust, widening gradually posterior to head, reaching its maximum width at level of the vulva, then narrowing gradually towards tail. Sub-cuticular striae present. Cervical cuticle armed with alternate rows of spines, from the base of the annulated region to
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<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FBDBFC9AFB8CADFC" box="[1036,1070,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">ca.</emphasis>
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one body-width posterior to the basal bulb. First row with 20 minute spines, number that increases to
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<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FC7BFC7EFC6CADD8" box="[940,974,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">ca.</emphasis>
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<quantity id="4CA423CBFFC0E931FC02FC7DFBADADD8" box="[981,1039,909,935]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.112" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" unit="in" value="28.0">28 in</quantity>
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the last rows. Next to the first row the spines become larger and then start to diminish their size at
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<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FCB4FC42FC26ADB4" box="[867,900,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">ca.</emphasis>
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the midpoint of the spiny region, being shorter, finer and more scattered. Lateral alae absent. Lateral gap present in the spiny region; from the level of its second third to its end, the separation of the spines is
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<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FD40FC0AFD1AAA6C" box="[663,696,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">ca.</emphasis>
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<quantity id="4CA423CBFFC0E931FD68FC09FCA9AA6C" box="[703,779,1017,1043]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 µm</quantity>
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. Head bearing eight paired, rounded and flattened cephalic papillae, their diameter of
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<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FE1DFBEEFE49AA48" box="[458,491,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">ca.</emphasis>
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<quantity id="4CA423CBFFC0E931FE22FBEDFD97AA48" box="[501,565,1053,1079]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 µm</quantity>
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. Cephalic papillae with a central depression, its diameter of
|
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<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FB26FBEEFAB1AA48" box="[1265,1299,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">ca.</emphasis>
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<quantity id="4CA423CBFFC0E931FACBFBEDFAFFAA48" box="[1308,1373,1053,1079]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 µm</quantity>
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||
. Oral opening surrounded by a cuticular, prominent annular lip, not in contact with the cephalic papillae. Amphids lateral, their opening triradiate and located at a small protuberance at level of the external edges of the cephalic papillae. Short, finely annulated region (
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FE2EFB7AFDB9AADC" box="[505,539,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CA423CBFFC0E931FDF4FB79FDCEAADC" box="[547,620,1161,1187]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
|
||
in length) with
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FCF4FB7AFCE6AADC" box="[803,836,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
3 annuli extending from the base of the head. Stoma with triradiate lumen, surrounded by an oesophageal collar. Oesophagus consisting of a muscular, sub-cylindrical procorpus, well differentiated from the cylindrical isthmus. Basal bulb rounded, valve-plate well-developed. Intestine simple, sub-rectilinear, its fore region dilated. Rectum short. Anus a crescent-like ventromedian transverse slit (
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FF1BFAEAFF4FAB4C" box="[204,237,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CA423CBFFC0E931FF21FAE9FEE3AB4C" box="[246,321,1305,1331]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 µm</quantity>
|
||
in length). Nerve ring encircling procorpus at
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FC8CFAEAFCDFAB4C" box="[859,893,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
its midpoint. Excretory pore ventral, located at
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FF40FACEFF1BAB28" box="[151,185,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
two body-widths posterior to the basal bulb. Vulva a median transverse slit
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FBC0FACEFB9AAB28" box="[1047,1080,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CA423CBFFC0E931FB97FACDFB28AB28" box="[1088,1162,1341,1367]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 µm</quantity>
|
||
in length, its lips barely prominent, located near the midbody. Vagina muscular, forwardly directed. Genital tract didelphic-amphidelphic, both ovaries reflexed. Distal end of the anterior ovary reflexed at the level of the excretory pore, distal flexure
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FAACFA76FA3EABE0" box="[1403,1436,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
two body-widths long. Distal end of the posterior ovary reflexed at
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FC46FA5AFC10ABBC" box="[913,946,1450,1475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
2.5 body-widths anterior to the level of the anus, distal flexure
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FEA5FA3EFE36AB98" box="[370,404,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
five body-widths long, its distal end reaching the level of the vulva. Oocytes in single rows. Fusiform spermatheca present in the posterior uterus, near the level of the basal end of the anterior ovary. Spermatheca absent in the anterior branch of the genital tract. Eggs ellipsoidal, smooth-shelled and numerous. Tail conical and attenuate, ending in a sharp tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC0E931FF10F9ADFE1AA808" blockId="3.[151,1437,728,2015]" box="[199,440,1629,1655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
|
||
Male.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FED8F9ADFE1AA808" box="[271,440,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">See Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC0E931FF10F972FAA6A978" blockId="3.[151,1437,728,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FF10F972FE09A8E4" box="[199,427,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC0E931FE64F971FDFCA8E4" author="Christie, J. R." box="[435,606,1665,1691]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" pagination="43 - 48" refId="ref5564" refString="Christie, J. R. (1934) The nematode genera Hystrignathus Leidy, Lepidonema Cobb and Artigasia, n. g. (Thelastomatidae). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 1, 43 - 48." type="journal article" year="1934">Christie (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found the second species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC0E931FC11F971FBF9A8E4" baseAuthorityName="Illiger" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[966,1115,1665,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Odontotaenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjunctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FC11F971FBF9A8E4" box="[966,1115,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">O. disjunctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the females having the cervical cuticle with alternate rows of spines. The author mentioned that the first row of spines have 32 elements as in the Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC0E931FE84F93AFE1FA89C" box="[339,445,1737,1763]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FE84F93AFE1FA89C" box="[339,445,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">X. hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC0E931FD81F939FD45A89C" author="Cobb, N. A." box="[598,743,1737,1763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" pagination="296 - 321" refId="ref5606" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1898) Extract from a manuscript report on the parasites of stock. Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales, 9, 296 - 321." type="journal article" year="1898">Cobb (1898)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Following the criteria of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC0E931FBD5F939FB14A89C" author="Johnston, T. H." box="[1026,1206,1737,1763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" pagination="63 - 91" refId="ref5698" refString="Johnston, T. H. (1913) Notes on some entozoa. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 24, 63 - 91." type="journal article" year="1913">Johnston (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC0E931FAA6F93AFA3FA89C" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1898" box="[1393,1437,1738,1763]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FAA6F93AFA3FA89C" box="[1393,1437,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Xyo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC0E931FE48F91DFD54A978" authority=", Christie (1934)" authorityName=", Christie" authorityYear="1934" box="[415,758,1773,1799]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Hystrignathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FE48F91DFD9CA978" box="[415,574,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Hystrignathus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC0E931FD9CF91DFD54A978" author="Christie, J. R." box="[587,758,1773,1799]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" pagination="43 - 48" refId="ref5564" refString="Christie, J. R. (1934) The nematode genera Hystrignathus Leidy, Lepidonema Cobb and Artigasia, n. g. (Thelastomatidae). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 1, 43 - 48." type="journal article" year="1934">Christie (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
assigned this species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC0E931FBDFF91EFAA6A978" authority="sensu Cobb." box="[1032,1284,1773,1799]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FBDFF91EFB1BA978" box="[1032,1209,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">X. hystrix sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Cobb.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC0E936FF10F8E1FAB1AECC" blockId="3.[151,1437,728,2015]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,153,899]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="395" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC0E931FF10F8E1FE4BA954" author="Travassos, L. & Kloss, G. R." box="[199,489,1808,1835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" pagination="23 - 57" refId="ref6366" refString="Travassos, L. & Kloss, G. R. (1958) Sobre a fauna de nematodeos dos coleopteros Passalidae da Estacao Biologica de Boraceia. Arquivos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 11, 23 - 57." type="journal article" year="1958">Travassos & Kloss (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC0E931FDB8F8E2FCDFA954" authority="sensu Christie" authorityName="Christie" box="[623,893,1809,1835]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FDB8F8E2FCBCA954" box="[623,798,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">X. hystrix sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Christie
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a different species, based mainly in the differences of host species and geographical region and renamed it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC0E931FCBBF8C6FB85A930" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" box="[876,1063,1845,1871]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FCBBF8C6FB85A930" box="[876,1063,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">X. pseudohystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC0E931FBE2F8C5FB64A92F" author="Kloss, G. R." box="[1077,1222,1845,1872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" pagination="163 - 171" refId="ref5726" refString="Kloss, G. R. (1962) Alguns parasitos do intestino de Coleopteros da familia Passalidae. Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 15, 163 - 171." type="journal article" year="1962">Kloss (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not follow this and synonymized the species with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC0E931FDC8F8AAFC0FA90C" authority="sensu Cobb. Hunt (1982)" authorityName="Cobb. Hunt" authorityYear="1982" box="[543,941,1881,1907]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FDC8F8AAFD72A90C" box="[543,720,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">X. hystrix sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Cobb.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC0E931FCF4F8A9FC0FA90C" author="Hunt, D. J." box="[803,941,1881,1907]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" pagination="59 - 68" refId="ref5639" refString="Hunt, D. J. (1982) Hystrignathus ferox n. sp. and Xyo xiphacanthus n. sp. (Oxyurida: Hystrignathidae) with additional data on Carlosia tijucana Travassos & Kloss, 1957. Systematic Parasitology, 4, 59 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00012229" type="journal article" year="1982">Hunt (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
regarded both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC0E931FB80F8AAFAEFA90C" authority="sensu Cobb" authorityName="Cobb" box="[1111,1357,1881,1907]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FB80F8AAFAAAA90C" box="[1111,1288,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">X. hystrix sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Cobb
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC0E931FA53F8AAFE91A9E8" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FA53F8AAFE91A9E8" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">X. pseudohystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FE8DF88EFD9BA9E8" box="[346,569,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">species inquirendae</emphasis>
|
||
based on the lack of elements for a specific determination in the description of both species. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC0E931FE11F851FCF9A9C4" author="Adamson, M. L. & Van Waerebeke, D." box="[454,859,1953,1979]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" pagination="111 - 130" refId="ref5228" refString="Adamson, M. L. & Van Waerebeke, D. (1992) Revision of the Thelastomatoidea, Oxyurida of invertebrate hosts III. Hystrignathidae. Systematic Parasitology, 22, 111 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00009604" type="journal article" year="1992">Adamson & Van Waerebeke (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
followed the criteria of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC0E931FBA4F851FA3EA9C4" author="Travassos, L. & Kloss, G. R." box="[1139,1436,1952,1979]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" pagination="23 - 57" refId="ref6366" refString="Travassos, L. & Kloss, G. R. (1958) Sobre a fauna de nematodeos dos coleopteros Passalidae da Estacao Biologica de Boraceia. Arquivos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 11, 23 - 57." type="journal article" year="1958">Travassos & Kloss (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and kept
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC0E931FF29F836FE1BA9A0" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" box="[254,441,1989,2015]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC0E931FF29F836FE1BA9A0" box="[254,441,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">X. pseudohystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a valid species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC0E931FD58F835FC99A9A0" author="Carreno, R. A." box="[655,827,1989,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" pagination="567 - 577" refId="ref5491" refString="Carreno, R. A. (2018) Pinworms (Nematoda: Thelastomatoidea) from Insects Collected in Mississippi, USA, with description of a new species of Protrellus Cobb, 1920 from the Cockroach Ischnoptera deropeltiformis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1865 (Blattaria: Ectobiidae). Zootaxa, 4531 (4), 567 - 577. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4531.4.7" type="journal article" year="2018">Carreno (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in his record of the species for
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499840CCFFC0E931FB4CF835FABFA9A0" box="[1179,1309,1989,2015]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BCEBEFFC0E931FAFEF835FAC6A9A0" box="[1321,1380,1989,2015]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, also considered the species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FE60FF6AFDD0AECC" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" box="[439,626,153,179]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FE60FF6AFDD0AECC" box="[439,626,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">X. pseudohystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but remarked on the need of a proper revision of the taxon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC7E936FF10FF4DFF77AFF4" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
|
||
One of the main features for the definition of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FCFCFF4EFCF5AEA8" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1898" box="[811,855,190,215]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FCFCFF4EFCF5AEA8" box="[811,855,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Xyo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the presence of alternate rows of spines in the cervical cuticle, with the first row having 32 elements (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC7E936FD36FF11FBC1AE84" author="Adamson, M. L. & Van Waerebeke, D." box="[737,1123,225,251]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" pagination="111 - 130" refId="ref5228" refString="Adamson, M. L. & Van Waerebeke, D. (1992) Revision of the Thelastomatoidea, Oxyurida of invertebrate hosts III. Hystrignathidae. Systematic Parasitology, 22, 111 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00009604" type="journal article" year="1992">Adamson & Van Waerebeke 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This feature was observed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC7E936FF6CFEF5FEC4AF60" author="Christie, J. R." box="[187,358,261,287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" pagination="43 - 48" refId="ref5564" refString="Christie, J. R. (1934) The nematode genera Hystrignathus Leidy, Lepidonema Cobb and Artigasia, n. g. (Thelastomatidae). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 1, 43 - 48." type="journal article" year="1934">Christie (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FE5BFEF6FDEAAF60" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" box="[396,584,261,287]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FE5BFEF6FDEAAF60" box="[396,584,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">X. pseudohystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under light microscopy and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC7E936FC67FEF5FB99AF60" author="Hunt, D. J." box="[944,1083,261,287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" pagination="59 - 68" refId="ref5639" refString="Hunt, D. J. (1982) Hystrignathus ferox n. sp. and Xyo xiphacanthus n. sp. (Oxyurida: Hystrignathidae) with additional data on Carlosia tijucana Travassos & Kloss, 1957. Systematic Parasitology, 4, 59 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00012229" type="journal article" year="1982">Hunt (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FBB7FEF6FA3EAF60" authority="Hunt, 1982" authorityName="Hunt" authorityYear="1982" box="[1120,1436,261,287]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="xiphacanthus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FBB7FEF6FAB7AF60" box="[1120,1301,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">X. xiphacanthus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC7E936FACAFEF5FA3EAF60" author="Hunt, D. J." box="[1309,1436,261,287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" pagination="59 - 68" refId="ref5639" refString="Hunt, D. J. (1982) Hystrignathus ferox n. sp. and Xyo xiphacanthus n. sp. (Oxyurida: Hystrignathidae) with additional data on Carlosia tijucana Travassos & Kloss, 1957. Systematic Parasitology, 4, 59 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00012229" type="journal article" year="1982">Hunt, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the aid of SEM. However, in the current study, the SEM images show that the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FB36FEDAFA3FAF3C" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" box="[1249,1437,297,323]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FB36FEDAFA3FAF3C" box="[1249,1437,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">X. pseudohystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
present 20 elements in the first row of spines. This number increases to only
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FBDFFEBEFB8BAF18" box="[1032,1065,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
28 spines at the level of the last rows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC7E936FF10FE65FED4ACB0" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC7E936FF10FE65FED0AFD0" author="Christie, J. R." box="[199,370,405,431]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" pagination="43 - 48" refId="ref5564" refString="Christie, J. R. (1934) The nematode genera Hystrignathus Leidy, Lepidonema Cobb and Artigasia, n. g. (Thelastomatidae). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 1, 43 - 48." type="journal article" year="1934">Christie (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found male specimens that he provisionally assigned to
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FC24FE66FBCFAFD0" box="[1011,1133,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FC24FE66FBCBAFD0" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1850" box="[1011,1129,405,431]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Hystrignathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rigidus">H. rigidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The decision of the author was based on the lack of morphological elements to properly assign these males to one of the both species of hystrignathids from
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FEECFE2DFE75AF88" box="[315,471,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FEECFE2DFE71AF88" baseAuthorityName="Illiger" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[315,467,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Odontotaenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjunctus">O. disjunctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A single male specimen was found in the present study. From light microscopical observations it coincided with Christie´s description. The specimen was used for DNA studies and a partial sequence of the D2-D3 LSU rDNA was obtained. The sequence matches with the ones from three females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FB29FDD6FF1CAC1C" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FB29FDD6FF1CAC1C" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">X. pseudohystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(two from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BCEBEFFC7E936FE96FDB9FE39AC1C" box="[321,411,585,611]" name="Georgia" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and one from Ohio). The latter points to a misidentification of Christie´s male specimens. Still, the collection of more male hystrignathid individuals from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FCA7FD9DFBA7ACF8" baseAuthorityName="Illiger" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[880,1029,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Odontotaenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disjunctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FCA7FD9DFBA7ACF8" box="[880,1029,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">O. disjunctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is needed in order to assure a better morphological characterization of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FDCCFD62FD74ACD4" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" box="[539,726,657,683]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FDCCFD62FD74ACD4" box="[539,726,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">X. pseudohystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on light microscopy and SEM, as well as to describe the males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FF29FD46FECDACB0" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1850" box="[254,367,693,719]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Hystrignathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rigidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FF29FD46FECDACB0" box="[254,367,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">H. rigidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC7E936FF10FD29FA3EADFC" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
|
||
The aforementioned differences with Christie´s description and the generic diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FB7BFD2AFB7AAC8C" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1898" box="[1196,1240,730,755]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FB7BFD2AFB7AAC8C" box="[1196,1240,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Xyo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in the current study make the correct placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FDB2FD0EFC82AD68" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" box="[613,800,765,791]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FDB2FD0EFC82AD68" box="[613,800,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">X. pseudohystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the genus difficult. This is further complicated by the scarce available data on the male morphology. With the available information it is not recommended to establish a new genus in order to accommodate the species. Thus, we propose the status of
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FBCBFCB6FB14AD20" box="[1052,1206,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FB34FCB6FA3FAD20" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" box="[1251,1437,837,863]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FB34FCB6FA3FAD20" box="[1251,1437,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">X. pseudohystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with different criteria than those of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC7E936FDF2FC99FD0CADFC" author="Hunt, D. J." box="[549,686,873,899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" pagination="59 - 68" refId="ref5639" refString="Hunt, D. J. (1982) Hystrignathus ferox n. sp. and Xyo xiphacanthus n. sp. (Oxyurida: Hystrignathidae) with additional data on Carlosia tijucana Travassos & Kloss, 1957. Systematic Parasitology, 4, 59 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00012229" type="journal article" year="1982">Hunt (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who considered it as
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FC75FC9AFBD6ADFC" box="[930,1140,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">species inquirenda</emphasis>
|
||
for the following reasons:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC7E936FF40FC41FC33AA24" blockId="4.[151,1437,945,1331]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
|
||
1. The presence of 20 elements in the first row of alternate spines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FC6BFC42FBDAADB4" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" box="[956,1144,945,971]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FC6BFC42FBDAADB4" box="[956,1144,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">X. pseudohystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not consistent with the generic diagnosis of
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FE79FC26FE40AD90" box="[430,482,982,1007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FE79FC26FE7FAD90" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1898" box="[430,477,982,1007]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Xyo</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Assuming that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FD44FC26FC2BAD90" authority="sensu Cobb" authorityName="Cobb" box="[659,905,981,1007]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FD44FC26FCE6AD90" box="[659,836,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">X. hystrix sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Cobb
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents 32 elements in the first row of spines, the presence of 20 elements in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FDF7FC0AFD7EAA6C" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" box="[544,732,1017,1043]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FDF7FC0AFD7EAA6C" box="[544,732,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">X. pseudohystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
make them different species. This disagrees with Hunt´s statement since according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) a
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FB7CFBEEFA22AA48" box="[1195,1408,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">species inquirenda</emphasis>
|
||
is “…a species of doubtful identity needing further investigation”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC7E936FF40FB95FB0EAB4C" blockId="4.[151,1437,945,1331]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
|
||
2. The lack of a proper description and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E7308CFFC7E936FDBBFB95FD3EAA00" box="[620,668,1125,1151]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FCFEFB96FB80AA00" authority="sensu Cobb" authorityName="Cobb" box="[809,1058,1125,1151]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FCFEFB96FC7EAA00" box="[809,988,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">X. hystrix sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Cobb
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
make it necessary to collect new material in order to perform a proper redescription of the species as well as to confirm the features of the generic diagnosis, more preferably with the aid of SEM and molecular techniques. Such studies will clarify the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FF35FB22FE76AA94" authority="sensu Cobb" authorityName="Cobb" box="[226,468,1233,1259]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FF35FB22FE33AA94" box="[226,401,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">X. hystrix sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Cobb
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
itself as well as the rest of the species among the genus, including
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FB6FFB22FADBAA94" box="[1208,1401,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FB6FFB22FAD7AA94" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" box="[1208,1397,1233,1259]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix">X. pseudohystrix</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
So far, with the existing data on the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FDACFB06FD05AB70" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1898" box="[635,679,1270,1295]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FDACFB06FD05AB70" box="[635,679,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Xyo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we can assure the position of
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FC2FFB06FB18AB70" box="[1016,1210,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FC2FFB06FB14AB70" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" box="[1016,1206,1269,1295]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix">X. pseudohystrix</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This fits better with the status of
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FE84FAEAFE4CAB4C" box="[339,494,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
: defined by the ICZN as “…of uncertain taxonomic position”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC7E936FF10FA91FACBA850" blockId="4.[151,1437,1377,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
|
||
The specimens from Athens,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BCEBEFFC7E936FDDCFA91FDC7AB04" box="[523,613,1377,1403]" name="Georgia" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and central Ohio (the latter locality including a single specimen used only for DNA studies) constitute new state records for the species. In the previous studies of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC7E936FBADFA75FA85ABE0" author="Christie, J. R." box="[1146,1319,1413,1439]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" pagination="43 - 48" refId="ref5564" refString="Christie, J. R. (1934) The nematode genera Hystrignathus Leidy, Lepidonema Cobb and Artigasia, n. g. (Thelastomatidae). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 1, 43 - 48." type="journal article" year="1934">Christie (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the taxon was recorded for the states of Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland and Virginia. The latest record of the species is the Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge, Starkville, state of Mississippi (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC7E936FC82FA3DFC56AB98" author="Carreno, R. A." box="[853,1012,1485,1511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" pagination="567 - 577" refId="ref5491" refString="Carreno, R. A. (2018) Pinworms (Nematoda: Thelastomatoidea) from Insects Collected in Mississippi, USA, with description of a new species of Protrellus Cobb, 1920 from the Cockroach Ischnoptera deropeltiformis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1865 (Blattaria: Ectobiidae). Zootaxa, 4531 (4), 567 - 577. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4531.4.7" type="journal article" year="2018">Carreno 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The individuals from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BCEBEFFC7E936FB22FA3DFAEDAB98" box="[1269,1359,1485,1511]" name="Georgia" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DEBB95FFC7E936FA8AFA3DFF04A874" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,406,430]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometrics of Xyo pseudohystrix Travassos & Kloss, 1958 incertae sedis (Nematoda: Oxyuridomorpha: Hystrignathidae) females from Athens, Georgia, USA. All the measurements are given in micrometers unless otherwise indicated." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF23DEA6FFCBE93AFF40FE66FEA3AF88" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" tableUuid="DF23DEA6FFCBE93AFF40FE66FEA3AF88">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) agree in most of the morphometrics with the population from Mississippi. However, the specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BCEBEFFC7E936FA94FA01FA3FA874" box="[1347,1437,1521,1547]" name="Georgia" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
are more robust (a = 17.75–23.39
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FDC3F9E6FD91A850" box="[532,563,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
22.00–24.00) and their isthmus is slightly shorter (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA423CBFFC7E936FBB8F9E5FB46A850" box="[1135,1252,1557,1583]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" unit="mm" value="43.0" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="38.0">38–48 µm</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FB3CF9E6FAABA850" box="[1259,1289,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CA423CBFFC7E936FAC7F9E4FAFFA850" box="[1296,1373,1556,1583]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 µm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC7E936FF10F9C9FEFFA8C0" blockId="4.[151,1437,1377,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FF10F9C9FEF8A82C" box="[199,346,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">DNA studies.</emphasis>
|
||
Four partial sequences of the D2-D3 LSU rDNA were obtained, three from specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BCEBEFFC7E936FA8CF9C9FF1BA808" name="Georgia" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(two females and one male) and one from an individual from Ohio. All of these sequences are identical. Besides, two sequences of the SSU rDNA were obtained from two specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BCEBEFFC7E936FC3CF971FBE7A8E4" box="[1003,1093,1665,1691]" name="Georgia" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Ohio, respectively. These are also identical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC7E936FF10F939FF50A930" blockId="4.[151,1437,1377,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
|
||
ML and BI analyses were performed for the D2-D3 LSU rDNA, the SSU rDNA and a concatenated dataset of both markers. The trees of the D2-D3 LSU rDNA and the concatenated datasets were the ones with the highest values of bootstrap support. Since the topology of both ML and BI trees was identical only the former are shown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136792ABFFC7E936FF77F8C5FF46A930" box="[160,228,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1811,1836]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,395,1777]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1437,414,1783]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree inferred from: A. D2-D3 LSU rDNA and B. concatenated dataset of the D2-D3 LSU rDNA and the SSU rDNA for several species of the superfamily Thelastomatoidea (Nematoda: Oxyuridomorpha). Cameronia multiovata (Thelastomatidae) and three species of Travassosinema (Travassosinematidae) were used as outgroup taxa. Values at the nodes correspond to bootstrap resampling (≥70)/posterior probability (≥0.90)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3249577/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC7E935FF10F8A9FEF8AFF4" blockId="4.[151,1437,1377,1979]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,153,395]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
|
||
For both, the LSU rDNA and the concatenated dataset the results are contradictory in the context of morphology, since
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FEC6F88EFDD1A9E8" box="[273,627,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FEC6F88EFE6CA9E8" authority="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno, 2019" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" box="[273,462,1917,1943]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix" status="incertae sedis">X. pseudohystrix</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21BEF47FFC7E936FE00F88EFDD1A9E8" box="[471,627,1917,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">incertae sedis</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
present spines in the cervical cuticle and since the female genital tract is didelphic-amphidelphic as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FDD1F852FDD8A9C4" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1850" box="[518,634,1953,1979]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Hystrignathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rigidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FDD1F852FDD8A9C4" box="[518,634,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">H. rigidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FD5DF851FC8BA9C4" authorityName=", Christie" authorityYear="1934" box="[650,809,1953,1979]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Hystrignathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FD5DF851FC8BA9C4" box="[650,809,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Hystrignathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC7E936FC5AF851FB23A9C4" box="[909,1153,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC7E936FC5AF851FBB5A9C4" box="[909,1047,1953,1979]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lepidonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Lepidonema</taxonomicName>
|
||
magnum
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Morffe & García, 2010. In both trees
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC4E935FEE7FF6AFE01AECC" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1850" box="[304,419,153,179]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Hystrignathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rigidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC4E935FEE7FF6AFE01AECC" box="[304,419,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">H. rigidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC4E935FE0AFF6AFDFEAECC" box="[477,604,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">L. magnum</emphasis>
|
||
cluster together in a well-supported clade and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC4E935FBA0FF69FAB4AECC" authorityName=", Christie" authorityYear="1934" box="[1143,1302,153,179]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Hystrignathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC4E935FBA0FF69FAB4AECC" box="[1143,1302,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Hystrignathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. is basal to it in the analysis of the LSU rDNA. With respect to morphology, such an arrangement could be attributed to the aforementioned presence of cervical spines and a didelphic-amphidelphic genital tract. However,
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC4E935FB2BFF12FEC6AF60" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC4E935FB2BFF12FF1CAF60" authority="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno, 2019" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix" status="incertae sedis">X. pseudohystrix</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21BEF47FFC4E935FF10FEF6FEC6AF60" box="[199,356,261,287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">incertae sedis</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
forms a monophyletic clade with two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC4E935FC4BFEF6FA80AF60" authority="Travassos & Kloss, 1958" authorityName="Travassos & Kloss" authorityYear="1958" box="[924,1314,260,287]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Longior" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC4E935FC4BFEF6FC54AF60" box="[924,1014,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Longior</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC4E935FBD7FEF5FA80AF60" author="Travassos, L. & Kloss, G. R." box="[1024,1314,260,287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" pagination="23 - 57" refId="ref6366" refString="Travassos, L. & Kloss, G. R. (1958) Sobre a fauna de nematodeos dos coleopteros Passalidae da Estacao Biologica de Boraceia. Arquivos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 11, 23 - 57." type="journal article" year="1958">Travassos & Kloss, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The latter genus has an unarmed cervical cuticle and the genital tract monodelphic-prodelphic
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC4E935FB99FEDAFBCEAF3C" box="[1102,1132,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
armed cervical cuticle and didelphic-amphidelphic genital tract. The procorpus is cylindrical and very elongated
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC4E935FBB9FEBEFB2FAF18" box="[1134,1165,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
sub-cylindrical and not elongated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC4E935FEFFFE82FEF6AFF4" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1898" box="[296,340,370,395]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC4E935FEFFFE82FEF6AFF4" box="[296,340,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Xyo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF23DEA6FFC6E937FF40F8E2FD12A9C4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3249573/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" startId="5.[151,250,1810,1835]" targetBox="[187,1339,166,1793]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC6E937FF40F8E2FD12A9C4" blockId="5.[151,1436,1810,1979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC6E937FF40F8E2FEB3A954" bold="true" box="[151,273,1810,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC6E937FEC1F8E4FD6FA954" authority="Travassos & Kloss, 1958" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" box="[278,717,1810,1835]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix" status="incertae sedis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC6E937FEC1F8E4FE6DA954" box="[278,463,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">Xyo pseudohystrix</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC6E937FE04F8E3FD6FA954" author="Travassos, L. & Kloss, G. R." box="[467,717,1810,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" pagination="23 - 57" refId="ref6366" refString="Travassos, L. & Kloss, G. R. (1958) Sobre a fauna de nematodeos dos coleopteros Passalidae da Estacao Biologica de Boraceia. Arquivos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 11, 23 - 57." type="journal article" year="1958">Travassos & Kloss, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21BEF47FFC6E937FD06F8E4FCFEA954" box="[721,860,1811,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC6E937FD06F8E4FCFEA954" box="[721,860,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Nematoda:Oxyuridomorpha:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC6E937FB41F8E2FA9FA954" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1920" box="[1174,1341,1810,1835]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Hystrignathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).Female. A. Oesophageal region, lateral view. B. Tail, lateral view. C. Cephalic end, optical section. D. Cephalic end, external view (reconstructed from SEM images). E. Cephalic end,
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC6E937FD45F8ACFD79A90C" box="[658,731,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">en face</emphasis>
|
||
view (reconstructed from SEM images). F. Spines at the midpoint of the spiny region (reconstructed from SEM images). G. Spines at the end of the spiny region (reconstructed from SEM images). H. Genital tract, lateral view. I. Habitus, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF23DEA6FFC5E934FF40F89EFC9FA98B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3249575/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="397" startId="6.[151,250,1902,1927]" targetBox="[193,1395,166,1890]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC5E934FF40F89EFC9FA98B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1902,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC5E934FF40F89EFEB3A9F8" bold="true" box="[151,273,1902,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC5E934FEC1F880FD6FA9F8" authority="Travassos & Kloss, 1958" authorityName="Morffe & García & Davis & Hasegawa & Carreno" authorityYear="2019" box="[278,717,1902,1927]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="397" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pseudohystrix" status="incertae sedis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC5E934FEC1F880FE6DA9F8" box="[278,463,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">Xyo pseudohystrix</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDF3DFFFC5E934FE04F880FD6FA9F8" author="Travassos, L. & Kloss, G. R." box="[467,717,1902,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="397" pagination="23 - 57" refId="ref6366" refString="Travassos, L. & Kloss, G. R. (1958) Sobre a fauna de nematodeos dos coleopteros Passalidae da Estacao Biologica de Boraceia. Arquivos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 11, 23 - 57." type="journal article" year="1958">Travassos & Kloss, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21BEF47FFC5E934FD06F880FCFEA9F8" box="[721,860,1903,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC5E934FD06F880FCFEA9F8" box="[721,860,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Nematoda:Oxyuridomorpha:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC5E934FB41F89EFA9FA9F8" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1920" box="[1174,1341,1902,1927]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="397" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Hystrignathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).Female. SEM images. A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Cervical region, lateral view. C. Tail, ventral view. D. Cephalic end,
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC5E934FB2DF864FAE1A9D4" box="[1274,1347,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">en face</emphasis>
|
||
view. E. Cephalic end, lateral view. F. Spines at the midpoint of the spiny region. G. Spines at the end of the spiny region. Scale bars: A. 500 µm. B. 300 µm. C. 200 µm. D. 30 µm. E, G. 50 µm. F. 20 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF23DEA6FFC4E935FF40F8E3FB96A9E7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3249577/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" startId="7.[151,250,1811,1836]" targetBox="[150,1437,395,1777]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFC4E935FF40F8E3FB96A9E7" blockId="7.[151,1437,1811,1944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC4E935FF40F8E3FEB6A953" bold="true" box="[151,276,1811,1836]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum likelihood (ML) tree inferred from: A. D2-D3 LSU rDNA and B. concatenated dataset of the D2-D3 LSU rDNA and the SSU rDNA for several species of the superfamily Thelastomatoidea (Nematoda: Oxyuridomorpha).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC4E935FAB3F8C8FDAEA90B" authorityName="Leibersperger" authorityYear="1960" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Cameroniaceae" genus="Cameronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Baeomycetales" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="multiovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC4E935FAB3F8C8FEEEA90B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Cameronia multiovata</emphasis>
|
||
(Thelastomatidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFC4E935FD30F8ACFBD4A90B" authorityName="Rao" authorityYear="1958" box="[743,1142,1883,1908]" class="Secernentea" family="Travassosinematidae" genus="Travassosinema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFC4E935FD30F8ACFC28A90C" box="[743,906,1884,1907]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Travassosinema</emphasis>
|
||
(Travassosinematidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were used as outgroup taxa. Values at the nodes correspond to bootstrap resampling (≥70)/posterior probability (≥0.90).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE38E2EFFCBE93AFF10FF69FC2FAF18" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="399">
|
||
There is not a morphological justification to such topology. The analysis includes all the hystrignathid genera with sequences available in GenBank which are only a minimal sample of all the genera among the family. This makes the phylogeny of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFCBE93AFDFCFF11FD7CAE84" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1920" box="[555,734,225,251]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="399" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Hystrignathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
far from complete. The inclusion of more molecular data and a better characterization of the morphology of many taxa (including the morphology of the males) could lead to a better and more logical arrangement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFCBE93AFD80FEDAFD21AF3C" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1898" box="[599,643,298,323]" class="Secernentea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Xyo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="399" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928523CFFCBE93AFD80FEDAFD21AF3C" box="[599,643,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="399">Xyo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CF5ADFFCBE93AFD08FED9FC34AF3C" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1920" box="[735,918,297,323]" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="399" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Hystrignathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, the results discussed here must be considered provisional and can change if new information is added.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |