189 lines
18 KiB
XML
189 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="331649900EB78EC2E4BC35DE94942369" ID-CLB-Dataset="58516" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6512484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512484" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1651524980884" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03F5071399EFFF540363F53BF712FB40" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Bovidae_0444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Oreotragus transvaalensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="735" masterDocId="FFCC7F6B994BFFF00316FF82FFEDFF81" masterDocTitle="Bovidae" masterLastPageNumber="779" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="735" updateTime="1699330398010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="21BD58605519A81720590ACA5AF74269" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8C711FCBF94B0DCC6D09D653CFD22170">
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<mods:title id="030568583FF7E7F3BF220AF33808389E">Bovidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="2F7E3F7A9AB7287F90AF9B7711FA16CD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="069A0AABEFE679FA9064F3DBC6A1EA98">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="91001688E8FE3719CB35C7633D5C0253">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8BCD25E7FB0C22A7C4F02529C8B9B2A2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="427A9CD563D72B234D8CE6268962DB80">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9BE15F59DB46341BC56E97089FCA8D90">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="342CB531C968AF994F9FB844C0B8AC4E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="820E52F1F0B2B7B1D1AEA652515B9C77">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="5874E193ACB9E63A3501898749BE272A" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="18CBBF6F6BEAADF818D540ED3E6DF03F">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="E0351AB90C55D30F0756E53AA615ADA1">
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<mods:placeTerm id="2E52DD562375F03DF4D36553CAE48B3B">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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<mods:titleInfo id="ECEDF9C5BCB753183A6B4B5BC622EE47">
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<mods:title id="238F68822CEC4A7A7D6FF7035693118F">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="8B11C6C86378347DB59531A175A1F4B1">
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<mods:start id="B4111A95167C669B8A18010CB67D5B3E">444</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="2E409CCA013FD33420346D2F36FC05F5">779</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="BD2A2202C6452C8DC89C188133B99CC6">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="50627503A64504915AE45DD218D585B8" type="CLB-Dataset">58516</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="514F7780220E4028F015F703865F69F7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6512484</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0742D007EEA2EA6617039A77D577576C" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F5071399EFFF540363F53BF712FB40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6773235" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659313" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6773235" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5071399EFFF540363F53BF712FB40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F5071399EFFF540363F53BF712FB40" lastPageNumber="735" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EFFF540363F53BFF2AF566" box="[117,199,2745,2791]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EFFF540363F53BFF2AF566" blockId="164.[115,1219,2745,2832]" box="[117,199,2745,2791]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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<heading id="D0AB016999EFFF540363F53BFF2AF566" box="[117,199,2745,2791]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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<figureCitation id="1367AA8099EFFF540363F53BFF2AF566" box="[117,199,2745,2791]" captionStart="Plate 54: Bovidae" captionStartId="164.[117,147,3397,3418]" captionTargetBox="[13,2775,15,3638]" captionTargetPageId="163" captionText="269. Cape Klipspringer (Oreotragus oreotragus), 270. Transvaal Klipspringer (Oreotragus transvaalensis), 271. Stevenson’s Klipspringer (Oreotragus stevensoni), 272. Angolan Klipspringer (Oreotragus tyler), 273. Zambian Klipspringer (Oreotragus centralis), 274. Noack’s Klipspringer (Oreotragus aceratos), 275. Masai Klipspringer (Oreotragus schillingsi), 276. Golden Klipspringer (Oreotragus aureus), 277. Ethiopian Klipspringer (Oreotragus saltatrixoides), 278. Somali Klipspringer (Oreotragus somalicus), 279. Nigerian Klipspringer (Oreotragus porteousi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512975/files/figure.png" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">270.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EFFF5403C1F53BFD46F566" box="[215,683,2745,2791]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EFFF5403C1F53BFD46F566" blockId="164.[115,1219,2745,2832]" box="[215,683,2745,2791]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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<heading id="D0AB016999EFFF5403C1F53BFD46F566" box="[215,683,2745,2791]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99EFFF5403C1F53BFD46F566" box="[215,683,2745,2791]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Transvaal Klipspringer</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EFFF5401E2F53BFB2FF566" box="[756,1218,2745,2791]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EFFF5401E2F53BFB2FF566" blockId="164.[115,1219,2745,2832]" box="[756,1218,2745,2791]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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<heading id="D0AB016999EFFF5401E2F53BFB2FF566" box="[756,1218,2745,2791]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EFFF5401E2F53BFB2FF566" baseAuthorityName="Roberts" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[756,1218,2745,2791]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oreotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EFFF5401E2F53BFB2FF566" box="[756,1218,2745,2791]" italics="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Oreotragus transvaalensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EFFF540362F57AFB6FF48C" box="[116,1154,2808,2829]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EFFF540362F57AFB6FF48C" blockId="164.[115,1219,2745,2832]" box="[116,1154,2808,2829]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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||
<heading id="D0AB016999EFFF540362F57AFB6FF48C" box="[116,1154,2808,2829]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EFFF540362F57AFF2CF48C" bold="true" box="[116,193,2808,2829]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99EFFF5403DCF57AFE50F48C" box="[202,445,2808,2829]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Oréotrague du Transvaal</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EFFF5402C4F57AFDC0F48C" bold="true" box="[466,557,2808,2829]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99EFFF540120F57AFCF6F48C" box="[566,795,2808,2829]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Transvaal-Klippspringer</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EFFF540026F57AFC66F48C" bold="true" box="[816,907,2808,2829]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99EFFF540082F57AFB6FF48C" box="[916,1154,2808,2829]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Saltarrocas de Transvaal</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EFFF540365F4C1FC20F4DD" box="[115,973,2883,2908]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EFFF540365F4C1FC20F4DD" blockId="164.[114,1317,2881,3307]" box="[115,973,2883,2908]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EFFF540365F4C1FEE3F4DD" bold="true" box="[115,270,2883,2908]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EFFF540237F4C1FC25F4DD" authority="Roberts, 1917" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1917" box="[289,968,2883,2908]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oreotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="oreotragus" subSpecies="transvaalensis">Oreotragus oreotragus transvaalensis Roberts, 1917</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EFFF5400CBF4C1FE83F403" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EFFF5400CBF4C1FE83F403" blockId="164.[114,1317,2881,3307]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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<materialsCitation id="3B34BC5899EFFF5400CBF4C1FE83F403" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785198375" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Rooikrans, Rustenburg district, Transvaal.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EFFF540362F40AFC5BF428" box="[116,950,2952,2985]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EFFF540362F40AFC5BF428" blockId="164.[114,1317,2881,3307]" box="[116,950,2952,2985]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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Formerly considered a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EFFF540173F40AFCE6F428" box="[613,779,2952,2985]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oreotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oreotragus">O. oreotragus</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EFFF540365F437FDD0F39E" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF23E68D99EFFF540365F437FDD0F39E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512895" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512895/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" targetBox="[1386,1980,286,703]" targetPageId="164">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EFFF540365F437FDD0F39E" blockId="164.[114,1317,2881,3307]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EFFF540365F437FECEF453" bold="true" box="[115,291,2997,3026]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Known from
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<collectingRegion id="499878E799EFFF5402F9F437FD57F453" box="[495,698,2997,3026]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
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and Transvaal,
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599EFFF540088F437FBBCF453" box="[926,1105,2997,3026]" name="South Africa" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599EFFF540772F437FB02F453" box="[1124,1263,2997,3026]" name="Swaziland" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Swaziland</collectingCountry>
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, SE
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599EFFF540363F455FEEAF479" box="[117,263,3031,3064]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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, and probably occurs in neighboring districts of
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599EFFF5400F6F455FB8FF479" box="[992,1122,3031,3064]" name="Botswana" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Botswana</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599EFFF5407A0F455FF28F39E" name="Mozambique" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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, but this has to be verified.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EFFF540365F3A4F6BBFE2C" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EFFF540365F3A4F6BBFE2C" blockId="164.[114,1317,2881,3307]" lastBlockId="164.[2004,2591,283,705]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EFFF540365F3A4FE9EF3C6" bold="true" box="[115,371,3110,3143]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 80-87.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099EFFF540184F3A4FD32F3C6" box="[658,735,3110,3143]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
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, ear 8:1.8-4 cm, hindfoot 18:5-21 cm. Overall, this species is fairly large in size. The female is somewhat larger than the male. Male skull length is 13.8-14.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099EFFF540179F3FBFD55F317" box="[623,696,3193,3222]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
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and female is 14.2-15.
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||
<quantity id="4CA41BE099EFFF540719F3FBFBB6F317" box="[1039,1115,3193,3222]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
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. Horn length is 8:7-12.
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||
<quantity id="4CA41BE099EFFF5403EEF31EFEA9F33C" box="[248,324,3228,3261]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
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. The color of the Transvaal Klipspringer is bright golden-yellow, with strongly contrasting white underparts. The feet above the hooves are brown. The ears are short, 80-84 mm. The horns are very long, among the largest of all klipspringers, contrasting strongly with the
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<collectingRegion id="499878E799EFFF540AC1FEE7F5F0FE07" box="[2519,2589,357,390]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Cape</collectingRegion>
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Klipspringer (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EFFF540B8CFE12F6A7FE2C" box="[2202,2378,400,429]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oreotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oreotragus">O. oreotragus</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EFFF5404C2FE3AF5E3FE7D" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EFFF5404C2FE3AF5E3FE7D" blockId="164.[2004,2591,283,705]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
|
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EFFF5404C2FE3AF7AEFE54" bold="true" box="[2004,2115,440,469]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Habitat.</emphasis>
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The Transvaal Klipspringer occupies rocky areas, like other klipspringers.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EFFF5404C2FD85F6CCFDCA" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" type="food_feeding">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EFFF5404C2FD85F6CCFDCA" blockId="164.[2004,2591,283,705]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799EFFF5404C2FD85F73BFDA5" bold="true" box="[2004,2262,519,548]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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A concentrate selector, like other klipspringers.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EFFF5404C2FDD3F785FC8E" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EFFF5404C2FDD3F785FC8E" blockId="164.[2004,2591,283,705]" lastBlockId="164.[1387,2592,711,1217]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799EFFF5404C2FDD3F7B7FDF3" bold="true" box="[2004,2138,593,626]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Courtship and mating of the Transvaal Klipspringer have been observed during just three weeks in July, suggesting much stronger seasonality than some other species. This would mean that births occur during the rains in November-December.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EFFF54067DFC98F986FC04" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EFFF54067DFC98F986FC04" blockId="164.[1387,2592,711,1217]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EFFF54067DFC98F9BBFCB6" bold="true" box="[1387,1622,794,823]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available on the activity patterns of the Transvaal Klipspringer. All klipspringers run with ajerky, bounding gait, and jump from rock to rock.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EFFF54067AFC09F782FBA2" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EFFF54067AFC09F782FBA2" blockId="164.[1387,2592,711,1217]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799EFFF54067AFC09F7DDFC2D" bold="true" box="[1388,2096,907,940]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Populations of the Transvaal Klipspringer studied in the Drakensberg range, at Gamka, at Springbok, and at Sentinel (south-eastern
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599EFFF540556FC5DF93CFC7D" box="[1600,1745,991,1020]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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) had territory sizes of 10-49 ha. The territories appear to be permanent, and like other species are based on kopjes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EFFF54067AFBAFF8CBFB18" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" type="conservation">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EFFF54067AFBAFF8CBFB18" blockId="164.[1387,2592,711,1217]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799EFFF54067AFBAFF927FBCB" bold="true" box="[1388,1738,1069,1098]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EFFF540914FBAFFA03FBF3" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oreotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oreotragus">O. oreotragus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699EFFF540507FBD7F975FBF3" box="[1553,1688,1109,1138]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oreotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Oreotragus</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxa, except the Nigerian Klipspringer (O. o. porteousi), are not considered separately by IUCN.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99EFFF540678FB2AF712FB40" box="[1390,2303,1192,1217]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599EFFF540678FB2AF712FB40" blockId="164.[1387,2592,711,1217]" box="[1390,2303,1192,1217]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799EFFF540678FB2AF9EAFB40" bold="true" box="[1390,1543,1192,1217]" pageId="164" pageNumber="735">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Groves & Grubb (2011), Roberts (1996), Skinner & Chimimba (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |