treatments-xml/data/03/F3/98/03F398710E2AFFB82548E68EFB93914F.xml

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<mods:title id="71B9DDBF2187BB844CCD71C6B0A4F2DA">Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCR­RFLP</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E2AFFB42548E68EFDC391B7" ID-CoL="852CL" box="[264,551,708,734]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="crassiductata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E2AFFB42548E68EFDC391B7" bold="true" box="[264,551,708,734]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Fridericia crassiductata</emphasis>
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material deposited in the author’s (Dózsa­Farkas, K.) collection at the Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest.
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locality: Zemplén Mountains, 
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,
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: F.14 (1967) Senyő–völgy, Zemplén Mountains, picked up from beech litter, 
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, 
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, 
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. coll. K. Dózsa­Farkas.
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: P.81.1 (1968) Komlóska–völgy, Zemplén Mountains, 
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, 
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, 
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, purple moorgrass meadow, 
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, one stained specimen coll. K. Dózsa­Farkas, M. Pobozsny, P.81.2 (1969) Mlaka–rét, Zemplén Mountains, 
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, 
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, 
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, mixed hornbeam­birches forest, 
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, one stained specimen coll. K. Dózsa­Farkas, M. Pobozsny, P.81.3 (1970) Senyő–völgy, Zemplén Mountains, 
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, 
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, 
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from beech litter, 
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, three specimens, coll. K. Dózsa­Farkas, P.81.4 (1971) Senyő–völgy, Zemplén Mountains, oak forest (
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<emphasis id="B92EF5750E2AFFB42088E093FEA89675" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Quercus cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
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, 
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, 
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, three specimens, coll. K. Dózsa­ Farkas, P.81.5 (1972) Mlaka–rét, Zemplén Mountains, beech forest 
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, 0 
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, one prae­clitellar half of body (the caudal part used of DNA­based examinations (in 
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:No. 1) coll. K. Dózsa­Farkas, M. Pobozsny, P.81.6 (1973) Bagolybérci gerinc, Zemplén Mountains, oak forest (
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<emphasis id="B92EF5750E2AFFB4278DE1E6FB7496AC" box="[973,1168,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Quercus petraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 48o24’27’N 
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, 0 
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, one specimen, coll. Dózsa­Farkas, M. Pobozsny.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B92EF5750E2AFFB42578E1B5FE5B9570" bold="true" box="[312,447,1535,1561]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Etymology</emphasis>
: ‘crassus’ (Lat.) = thick, ductus (Lat.) = duct, tube. Referring to the thick and long spermathecal ectal duct.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B92EF5750E2AFFB42578E205FE2D9500" bold="true" box="[312,457,1615,1641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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Length 
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. Diameter 
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at VIII, and 
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at clitellum. Segment number (38) – 40 – 56. Chaetae (
<figureCitation id="136135E20E2AFFB426BDE2D5FCDA95D0" box="[765,830,1695,1721]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[264,1314,329,1075]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,329,1085]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fridericia crassiductata sp. n. A = setal bundles of a praeclitellar segment (lateroventral view), B = Photograph of the cutaneous glands of a praeclitellar segment (dorsal view), C = Photograph of the head (head pore marked with arrows), D = Photograph of the head (brain marked with arrows), E = Photograph of the coelomocytes. Each photograph is sized with a black line representing 50 μm length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173858/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A) a maximum of 10 per bundle, formula (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB54960E2AFFB42550E28DFD909588" author="Nielsen" box="[272,628,1735,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Nielsen, C. O. &amp; Christensen, B. (1959) The Enchytraeidae. Critical revision and taxonomy of European species (studies on Enchytraeidae VII). Natura Jutlandica 8 - 9, 1 - 160." type="book chapter" year="1959">Nielsen &amp; Christensen 1959</bibRefCitation>
): 4,5,6,7 – 6,5,4,(3,2): 7,8,9,10 – 8,7,6,5,4,(3,2). Outer chaetae much longer than inner, e.g. the outermost 76 – 85 μm long and the innermost 33–38 μm in a prae­clitellar bundle, the outer 95–100 μm long and the inner 85–90 μm long at the caudal part of the body. Cutaneous glands: about 10 rows of brown reticulate cells per segment. The epidermis is often hard to see through, due to these brownpigmented cells on the anterior segments (
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B). Body wall of medium thickness (about 38–47 μm) cuticle thin (3 μm). Head pore at 0/I, well visible (
<figureCitation id="136135E20E2BFFB52056E526FBB992EF" box="[1046,1117,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[264,1314,329,1075]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,329,1085]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fridericia crassiductata sp. n. A = setal bundles of a praeclitellar segment (lateroventral view), B = Photograph of the cutaneous glands of a praeclitellar segment (dorsal view), C = Photograph of the head (head pore marked with arrows), D = Photograph of the head (brain marked with arrows), E = Photograph of the coelomocytes. Each photograph is sized with a black line representing 50 μm length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173858/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C). Dorsal pores beginning from VII. Brain (
<figureCitation id="136135E20E2BFFB5260CE5DEFD6A92C7" box="[588,654,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[264,1314,329,1075]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,329,1085]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fridericia crassiductata sp. n. A = setal bundles of a praeclitellar segment (lateroventral view), B = Photograph of the cutaneous glands of a praeclitellar segment (dorsal view), C = Photograph of the head (head pore marked with arrows), D = Photograph of the head (brain marked with arrows), E = Photograph of the coelomocytes. Each photograph is sized with a black line representing 50 μm length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173858/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D) 1.2–1.5 times longer than wide (140–180 μm long) in the postero­lateral regions one small aggregation of refractive globules on either side. Oesophageal appendage (peptonephridia) (
<figureCitation id="136135E20E2BFFB5275AE5AEFC8D9297" box="[794,873,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[547,1036,1337,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[539,1048,1327,1680]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fridericia crassiductata sp. n. A = oesophageal appendage, B = spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173859/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A) variable, proximally some short branches, the main tube extends to V with wide lumen, and 1–2 branches distally. Sometimes the proximal branches cannot be found. Pharyngeal glands (septal glands) all paired with ventral lobes (in VI distinctly largest often with posterior projection), dorsal connection absent. Nephridia 5 pairs from VI/VII – X/XI, postseptale 2,5­times longer than the anteseptale, medial origin of efferent duct. Coelomocytes (
<figureCitation id="136135E20E2BFFB52075E6E6FB9D91AF" box="[1077,1145,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[264,1314,329,1075]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,329,1085]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fridericia crassiductata sp. n. A = setal bundles of a praeclitellar segment (lateroventral view), B = Photograph of the cutaneous glands of a praeclitellar segment (dorsal view), C = Photograph of the head (head pore marked with arrows), D = Photograph of the head (brain marked with arrows), E = Photograph of the coelomocytes. Each photograph is sized with a black line representing 50 μm length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173858/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
E): mucocytes 
<typeStatus id="54E197C50E2BFFB52548E69EFEDE9187" box="[264,314,724,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
b (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB54960E2BFFB52533E69EFDF09187" author="Moller" box="[371,532,724,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" refString="Moller, F. (1971) Systematische Untersuchungen an terricolen Enchytraeiden einiger Grunlandstandorte im Bezirk Potsdam. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 47: 131 - 167." type="journal article" year="1971">Möller 1971</bibRefCitation>
), small (20–24–32 μm) with refractile vesicle, often dark in transmitted light, lenticytes (length 5–11 μm) are scarce. Chylus cells not visible due to the dense dark chloragocytes. Dorsal blood vessel from (XV)–XVII–XVIII, blood colourless. Clitellum well developed, XII–XIII girdle shaped, hyalocytes and granulocytes arrangement reticulate (
<figureCitation id="136135E20E2BFFB52668E73EFD8990E7" box="[552,621,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1382,1406]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,696,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[267,1319,696,1349]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Fridericia crassiductata sp. n. Fridericia crassiductata sp. n. Photograph of the clitellar glands (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173860/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig 3</figureCitation>
). Seminal vesicle is very large, occupying 3–4 segments (VIII–XII). Sperm funnel (
<figureCitation id="136135E20E2BFFB52617E7D6FD4790DF" box="[599,675,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[299,1289,598,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[286,1301,598,1760]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fridericia crassiductata sp. n. Fridericia crassiductata sp. n. A = praeclitellar segments (½ X – ½ XII) (sperm funnels marked with arrows, B = Photograph of bursal slits (marked with arrows) of the male copulatory organs, C = Photograph of the subneural gland in XIV (marked with arrow)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173861/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A) 250–380 μm long and 140–160 μm wide, collar narrower than the funnel body. Spermatozoa about 264 μm long, head 95 μm. Male copulatory organ is 170–200 μm long, 80–140 μm wide and 80–120 μm high, the bursal slit (
<figureCitation id="136135E20E2BFFB52501E05EFE689747" box="[321,396,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[299,1289,598,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[286,1301,598,1760]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fridericia crassiductata sp. n. Fridericia crassiductata sp. n. A = praeclitellar segments (½ X – ½ XII) (sperm funnels marked with arrows, B = Photograph of bursal slits (marked with arrows) of the male copulatory organs, C = Photograph of the subneural gland in XIV (marked with arrow)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173861/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B) is longitudinal with more transverse components. Three small subneural glands (
<figureCitation id="136135E20E2BFFB52526E076FE4A973F" box="[358,430,1084,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,368,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[299,1289,598,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[286,1301,598,1760]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fridericia crassiductata sp. n. Fridericia crassiductata sp. n. A = praeclitellar segments (½ X – ½ XII) (sperm funnels marked with arrows, B = Photograph of bursal slits (marked with arrows) of the male copulatory organs, C = Photograph of the subneural gland in XIV (marked with arrow)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173861/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C) in the XIV–XV–XVI segment. The ectal duct of spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="136135E20E2BFFB52086E076FAEB973F" box="[1222,1295,1084,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[547,1036,1337,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[539,1048,1327,1680]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fridericia crassiductata sp. n. A = oesophageal appendage, B = spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173859/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B, 5A) is very wide (35–48 μm) and long (580–640 μm), longer than the body diameter. The ectal duct canal is narrow (6–7 μm) throughout, and not widening proximally. Two (rarely three) large sessile eggshaped brown ectal glands (80–130 μm long, 60–75 μm wide) (
<figureCitation id="136135E20E2BFFB520BBE0FEFEF3979F" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1338,1362]" captionTargetBox="[276,1310,332,1307]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[267,1320,326,1314]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fridericia crassiductata sp. n. A = Photograph of the spermatheca. (the diverticle fill with sperm around the ampulla marked with black arrows, the ectal duct with white arrows, ectal gland with asterisk, B = Photograph of the opening of spermathecal ectal duct (glands marked with black arrows, duct with white arrow), C = Photograph of the opening of spermathecal ectal duct three glands marked with black arrows, duct with white arrow)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173862/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B, 5C). The ampulla with a single ring of 9–10 large, sessile, globular diverticula (50–70 μm long), laterally compressed by each other, filled with sperm (
<figureCitation id="136135E20E2BFFB527B9E14EFBDB9677" box="[1017,1087,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1338,1362]" captionTargetBox="[276,1310,332,1307]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[267,1320,326,1314]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fridericia crassiductata sp. n. A = Photograph of the spermatheca. (the diverticle fill with sperm around the ampulla marked with black arrows, the ectal duct with white arrows, ectal gland with asterisk, B = Photograph of the opening of spermathecal ectal duct (glands marked with black arrows, duct with white arrow), C = Photograph of the opening of spermathecal ectal duct three glands marked with black arrows, duct with white arrow)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173862/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A). Proximal part of ampulla cylindrical with a wide lumen. There is a separate opening into oesophagus. Two to four mature eggs at a time.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3407AEC0E2BFFB52578E136FEB8968F" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE529670E2BFFB52578E136FEB8968F" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E2BFFB52578E136FD8A96FF" bold="true" box="[312,622,1404,1430]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
: Known only from the 
<typeStatus id="54E197C50E2BFFB527D2E136FC2196FF" box="[914,965,1404,1430]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
locality (Zemplén Mountains [north­eastern part of the Hungarian Central Mountains]), in beech, hornbeam and birch forest).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3407AEC0E2BFFB52578E1BEFBCE9427" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE529670E2BFFB52578E1BEFE559567" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,1870]" box="[312,433,1524,1550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E2BFFB52578E1BEFE559567" bold="true" box="[312,433,1524,1550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE529670E2BFFB52578E256FBCE9427" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
The new species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) the size of the body (
<quantity id="4CA284820E2BFFB52592E20EFDA89537" box="[466,588,1604,1630]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="13.0">13­20 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CA284820E2BFFB526D6E20EFCC79537" box="[662,803,1604,1630]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 mm</quantity>
wide, segment number (38)–40–56); (2) the form of spermatheca, with 9–10 large, sessile, globular diverticula, long and thick ectal ducts, and two very large (80–130 μm long) eggshaped ectal glands; (3) maximum ten chaetae per bundle; (4) all pairs of pharyngeal glands with ventral lobes and the dorsal connection absent; (5) the clitellum is girdle shaped, hyalocytes and granulocytes arrangement reticulate; (6) seminal vesicle is large; (7) penial slit is longitudinal with more transverse components; and (9) three subneural glands in XIV–XVI.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2579EF0E28FFB62548E01DFD739790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173858/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[264,1314,329,1075]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BE529670E28FFB62548E01DFD739790" blockId="6.[264,1323,1111,1274]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E28FFB62548E01DFE719706" bold="true" box="[264,405,1111,1135]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E28FFB625E7E012FD529706" box="[423,694,1112,1135]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="crassiductata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E28FFB625E7E012FD529706" box="[423,694,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Fridericia crassiductata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E28FFB62688E01DFD199706" bold="true" box="[712,765,1111,1135]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D480E0E28FFB62688E01DFD199706" box="[712,765,1111,1135]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A = setal bundles of a praeclitellar segment (lateroventral view), B = Photograph of the cutaneous glands of a praeclitellar segment (dorsal view), C = Photograph of the head (head pore marked with arrows), D = Photograph of the head (brain marked with arrows), E = Photograph of the coelomocytes. Each photograph is sized with a black line representing 50 μm length.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2579EF0E28FFB62548E2E2FB2895D6" box="[264,1228,1704,1728]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173859/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[547,1036,1337,1676]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BE529670E28FFB62548E2E2FB2895D6" blockId="6.[264,1228,1704,1728]" box="[264,1228,1704,1728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E28FFB62548E2E2FE6E95A9" bold="true" box="[264,394,1704,1728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E28FFB625D1E2E2FD7195D6" box="[401,661,1704,1727]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="crassiductata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E28FFB625D1E2E2FD7195D6" box="[401,661,1704,1727]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Fridericia crassiductata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E28FFB626DCE2E2FD3595A9" bold="true" box="[668,721,1704,1728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D480E0E28FFB626DCE2E2FD3595A9" box="[668,721,1704,1728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A = oesophageal appendage, B = spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE529670E28FFB62548E2A4FACF943E" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<table id="F95ADBC70E28004F2548E2A4FACF943E" box="[264,1323,1774,1879]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<tr id="356A2B250E28004F2548E2A4FACF946E" box="[264,1323,1774,1799]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76BB42590E28004F2548E2A4FD09946E" box="[264,749,1774,1799]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E28FFB62548E2A4FDEC946E" box="[264,520,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356A2B250E28004F2548E35FFACF9446" box="[264,1323,1813,1839]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<th id="76BB42590E28004F2548E35FFD099446" box="[264,749,1813,1839]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">The new species has distinguishable</th>
<td id="76BB42590E28004F26B5E35FFB969446" box="[757,1138,1813,1839]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">characters from the two similar</td>
<td id="76BB42590E28004F203BE35FFB3C9446" box="[1147,1240,1813,1839]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">species,</td>
<td id="76BB42590E28004F209FE35FFACF9446" box="[1247,1323,1813,1839]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">which</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356A2B250E28004F2548E377FACF943E" box="[264,1323,1853,1879]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<th id="76BB42590E28004F2548E377FD09943E" box="[264,749,1853,1879]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">were examined morphologically and by</th>
<td id="76BB42590E28004F26B5E377FB96943E" box="[757,1138,1853,1879]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">molecular methods at the same</td>
<td id="76BB42590E28004F203BE377FB3C943E" box="[1147,1240,1853,1879]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">time. It</td>
<td id="76BB42590E28004F209FE377FACF943E" box="[1247,1323,1853,1879]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">differs</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C3407AEC0E29FFB82548E556FB93914F" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE529670E29FFB72548E556FE32911F" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,630]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E29FFB7250CE556FBCE925F" ID-CoL="6JP4R" authority="(Eisen, 1872) sensu Nielsen and Christensen, 1959" authorityName="(Eisen, 1872) sensu Nielsen and Christensen" authorityYear="1959" box="[332,1066,284,310]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ratzeli">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB7250CE556FE53925C" box="[332,439,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">F. ratzeli</emphasis>
(Eisen, 1872) sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB54960E29FFB726F9E556FBCE925F" author="Nielsen" box="[697,1066,284,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Nielsen, C. O. &amp; Christensen, B. (1959) The Enchytraeidae. Critical revision and taxonomy of European species (studies on Enchytraeidae VII). Natura Jutlandica 8 - 9, 1 - 160." type="book chapter" year="1959">Nielsen and Christensen, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E29FFB72028E556FB29925C" ID-CoL="852CX" box="[1128,1229,284,309]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="eiseni">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB72028E556FB29925C" box="[1128,1229,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">F. eiseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dózsa­ 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB54960E29FFB72548E50EFE419237" author="Farkas" box="[264,421,324,350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Dozsa-Farkas, K. (2005) Fridericia eiseni sp. n., a new enchytraeid species close to the Fridericia ratzeli (Eisen, 1872). Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences Biology Ecology 54, 4: 279 - 291." type="journal article" year="2005">Farkas, 2005</bibRefCitation>
) in the following morphological properties: 
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB72785E50EFBC99234" box="[965,1069,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">F. r a t z e l i</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E29FFB72005E50EFB329237" ID-CoL="3793c1ba-9ae2-4ee7-891f-900d5757c66f" box="[1093,1238,324,350]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="eisen">Eisen, 1872</taxonomicName>
) sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB54960E29FFB72548E526FD8992EF" author="Nielsen" box="[264,621,364,390]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Nielsen, C. O. &amp; Christensen, B. (1959) The Enchytraeidae. Critical revision and taxonomy of European species (studies on Enchytraeidae VII). Natura Jutlandica 8 - 9, 1 - 160." type="book chapter" year="1959">Nielsen and Christensen, 1959</bibRefCitation>
has only small spermathecal ectal glands, the coelomocytes 
<typeStatus id="54E197C50E29FFB72548E5DEFEDE92C7" box="[264,314,404,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
are between 
<typeStatus id="54E197C50E29FFB7259AE5DEFDE892C7" box="[474,524,404,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
a and 
<typeStatus id="54E197C50E29FFB7261DE5DEFD6B92C7" box="[605,655,404,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
c (while the new species has two large ectal glands and 
<typeStatus id="54E197C50E29FFB72548E5F6FEDE92BF" box="[264,314,444,470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
b of coelomo­mucocytes with refractile vesicle). 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E29FFB727D8E5F6FC1892BC" ID-CoL="852CX" box="[920,1020,444,469]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="eiseni">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB727D8E5F6FC1892BC" box="[920,1020,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">F. eiseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found to have tiny spermathecal ectal gland(s), the ectal duct is far thinner (24–26 μm compared to35–50 μm in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E29FFB72566E646FE05914C" ID-CoL="852CL" box="[294,481,524,549]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="crassiductata">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB72566E646FE05914C" box="[294,481,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">F. crassiductata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the spermathecal diverticula is more or less the same shape in the new species, whereas the size of the diverticula of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E29FFB72766E67EFC6D9124" ID-CoL="852CX" box="[806,905,564,589]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="eiseni">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB72766E67EFC6D9124" box="[806,905,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">F. eiseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is variable and the two lateral ones are always larger.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2579EF0E29FFB72548E12CFE0D96F4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173860/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[267,1319,696,1349]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BE529670E29FFB72548E12CFE0D96F4" blockId="7.[264,1322,1382,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB72548E12CFE6E9617" bold="true" box="[264,394,1382,1406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E29FFB725D2E12CFD729614" ID-CoL="852CL" box="[402,662,1382,1405]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="crassiductata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB725D2E12CFD729614" box="[402,662,1382,1405]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Fridericia crassiductata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB726DDE12CFD379617" bold="true" box="[669,723,1382,1406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D480E0E29FFB726DDE12CFD379617" box="[669,723,1382,1406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E29FFB7269AE12CFC369614" ID-CoL="852CL" box="[730,978,1382,1405]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="crassiductata" status="sp. nov.">Fridericia crassiductata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D480E0E29FFB72799E12CFBEF9614" box="[985,1035,1382,1405]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Photograph of the clitellar glands (dorsal view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE529670E29FFB82578E18CFB93914F" blockId="7.[264,1324,1478,1904]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1323,284,550]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
The shape of the spermatheca of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E29FFB726FAE18CFC9196B6" ID-CoL="852CL" box="[698,885,1478,1503]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="crassiductata">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB726FAE18CFC9196B6" box="[698,885,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">F. crassiductata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows high morphological similarity with 
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB72508E1A4FE34956E" box="[328,464,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">F. re g u l a r i s</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB54960E29FFB725A8E1A4FC869561" author="Nielsen" box="[488,866,1518,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Nielsen, C. O. &amp; Christensen, B. (1959) The Enchytraeidae. Critical revision and taxonomy of European species (studies on Enchytraeidae VII). Natura Jutlandica 8 - 9, 1 - 160." type="book chapter" year="1959">Nielsen and Christensen, 1959</bibRefCitation>
), however, the ectal duct is far more slender and the ectal gland is absent or very small (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB54960E29FFB7279EE25CFB739559" author="Schmelz" box="[990,1175,1558,1584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Schmelz, R. M. (2003) Taxonomy of Fridericia (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae). Revision of species with morphological and biochemical methods. pp. 414, Fig 73. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein in Hamburg." type="journal article" year="2003">Schmelz, 2003</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 61A). Moreover, in the case of the latter species the oesophageal appendages are more coiled (
<typeStatus id="54E197C50E29FFB72550E22CFEA095E9" box="[272,324,1638,1664]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
b) and the maximal chaetal number is four. Large 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E29FFB727F8E22CFBD49516" ID-CoL="84NQP" box="[952,1072,1638,1663]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB727F8E22CFBD49516" box="[952,1072,1638,1663]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Fridericia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with similar spermathecae (
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E29FFB725FAE2C4FC5E95C1" ID-CoL="852FF" authority="Nielsen and Christensen, 1959" authorityName="Nielsen and Christensen" authorityYear="1959" box="[442,954,1678,1704]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="regularis">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB725FAE2C4FDA795CE" box="[442,579,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">F. regularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB54960E29FFB7260CE2C4FC5E95C1" author="Nielsen" box="[588,954,1678,1704]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Nielsen, C. O. &amp; Christensen, B. (1959) The Enchytraeidae. Critical revision and taxonomy of European species (studies on Enchytraeidae VII). Natura Jutlandica 8 - 9, 1 - 160." type="book chapter" year="1959">Nielsen and Christensen, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E29FFB72788E2C4FAEC95C1" ID-CoL="852F4" authority="Welch, 1914" authorityName="Welch" authorityYear="1914" box="[968,1288,1678,1704]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oconeensis">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB72788E2C4FB8395CE" box="[968,1127,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">F. oconeensis</emphasis>
Welch, 1914
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E29FFB72155E2C4FD8695B9" ID-CoL="852CY" authority="Smith and Welch, 1913" authorityName="Smith and Welch" authorityYear="1913" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="firma">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB72155E2C4FEA395A6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">F. firma</emphasis>
Smith and Welch, 1913
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E29FFB7262EE2FCFC6A95B9" ID-CoL="852BR" authority="Moore, 1895" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1895" box="[622,910,1718,1744]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="agricola">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB7262EE2FCFD0A95A6" box="[622,750,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">F. agricola</emphasis>
Moore, 1895
</taxonomicName>
) differ from the new species by the absence of the subneural gland(s). 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E29FFB726FCE294FC84959E" ID-CoL="852F4" box="[700,864,1758,1783]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oconeensis">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB726FCE294FC84959E" box="[700,864,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">F. oconeensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the new species by the thinner spermathecal duct and absent (or very small) ectal glands, furthermore, the small diameter of the spermathecal ampulla with diverticula (70 μm). Neither 
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB72033E364FB2B942E" box="[1139,1231,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">F. f i r m a</emphasis>
, nor 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E29FFB72155E364FE3B9419" ID-CoL="852BQ" authority="Smith, 1895" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1895" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB72155E364FEAD9406" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">F. agilis</emphasis>
Smith, 1895
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E29FFB72656E31CFD729406" ID-CoL="852BR" box="[534,662,1878,1903]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="agricola">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E29FFB72656E31CFD729406" box="[534,662,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">F. agricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses ectal glands of the spermatheca. In the case of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E26FFB82548E556FE8C925C" ID-CoL="852BQ" box="[264,360,284,309]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E26FFB82548E556FE8C925C" box="[264,360,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">F. agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and all the four species mentioned above, the maximal number of chaetae does not reach 8 (it is 
<quantity id="4CA284820E26FFB8258FE50EFDCC9237" box="[463,552,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" unit="in" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 in</quantity>
the case of the new species). Finally, two other species described in 
<collectingCountry id="F34D69F70E26FFB82568E526FEBA92EF" box="[296,350,364,390]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">Italy</collectingCountry>
seem to be partly similar considering the spermatheca: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E26FFB827BCE526FACF92EF" ID-CoL="852D4" authority="Dequal, 1912" authorityName="Dequal" authorityYear="1912" box="[1020,1323,364,390]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E26FFB827BCE526FB6692EC" box="[1020,1154,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">F. gigantea</emphasis>
Dequal, 1912
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E26FFB82501E5DEFD6992C7" ID-CoL="852CZ" authority="Dequal, 1914" authorityName="Dequal" authorityYear="1914" box="[321,653,404,430]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="florentina">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E26FFB82501E5DEFE3392C4" box="[321,471,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">F. florentina</emphasis>
Dequal, 1914
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E26FFB826DFE5DEFCCE92C4" ID-CoL="852D4" box="[671,810,404,429]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E26FFB826DFE5DEFCCE92C4" box="[671,810,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">F. gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much larger (
<quantity id="4CA284820E26FFB82043E5DEFB6E92C7" box="[1027,1162,404,430]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="30.0">30–45 mm</quantity>
long, 90–95 segments). Also, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A52E40E26FFB82599E5F6FD8F92BC" ID-CoL="852CZ" box="[473,619,444,469]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="florentina">
<emphasis id="B92EF5750E26FFB82599E5F6FD8F92BC" box="[473,619,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">F. florentina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has more segments (85–90) and although it has two large spermathecal ectal glands, the spermathecal duct is short and the diverticula of the spermatheca are placed in two groups on the opposite sides of the ampulla.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>