217 lines
24 KiB
XML
217 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1DED47D200F1940ED322E961D8127ABE">Contribution to the Erebidae fauna of the Great Nicobar Island, India with description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A6A8A0070F66DC9D86000AEB9C65D08C">Singh, Navneet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7FE47C8DC5681D983AFA51F460A28CA6">Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, WB, India. & nsgill 007 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6657 - 7983</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5CA080159F83F8792C5FF6BEB1275A42">Ahmad, Jalil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="13B70494081FA66DE9ADAA7249D34CB7">Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, WB, India. & jalilahmad 23046 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7719 - 864 X</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03F3540AFB3BE161E4E74A50FE39FA30" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839713" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197541772" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6839713" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3540AFB3BE161E4E74A50FE39FA30" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3540AFB3BE161E4E74A50FE39FA30" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A9E9FFB3BE161E4E74A50FD41FDCD" ID-CoL="47J3N" authority="(Moore, 1859: 304) (Lithosia)" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityPageNumber="304" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,734,541,568]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Nishada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sambara">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3BE161E4E74A50FD41FDCD" bold="true" box="[151,734,541,568]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFBC30DFB3BE161E4E74A50FDFFFDCD" author="Moore, F." box="[151,608,541,568]" page="304" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" year="1859">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3BE161E4E74A50FEF3FDC2" bold="true" box="[151,364,541,568]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Nishada sambara</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB98EDFB3BE161E50B4A50FDC7FDCD" author="Moore, F." box="[379,600,541,567]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" refId="ref9880" refString="Moore, F. (1859) A catalogue of the lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of natural History at East - India House. Vol. 2. WM. H. Allen and Co., London, pp. 279 - 440." type="book" year="1859">Moore, 1859: 304</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</treatmentCitation>
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(
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3BE161E6014A50FD4BFDC2" bold="true" box="[625,724,541,568]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Lithosia</emphasis>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8BE5E51CFB3BE161E4E74A0CFEDCFDA1" blockId="4.[151,734,541,603]" box="[151,323,577,603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1361F999FB3BE161E4EF4A0CFF78FDA1" box="[159,231,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–10" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[221,1362,173,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[207,1381,164,1833]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1–10. Adults of new species and new records of Erebidae from the Great Nicobar Island. 1, Anoba rigida, male, dorsal side; 2, Garudinia shompen sp. nov., male (Holotype), dorsal side; 3, Nishada sambara, male, dorsal side; 4, Teulisna chiloides, male, dorsal side; 5, ditto, female, dorsal side; 6, Plusiodonta nicobarensis sp. nov., male (Holotype), dorsal side; 7, ditto, ventral side; 8, Tamba cosmoloma, male, dorsal side; 9, T. occidinawa, male, dorsal side; 10, Anereuthina renosa, female, dorsal side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6939127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6939127/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1361F999FB3BE161E4844A0CFEA4FDA1" box="[244,315,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–19" captionStartId="10.[151,257,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,191,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[220,1368,181,1883]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 11–19. Genitalia of Erebidae species from the Great Nicobar Island. 11–12, Anoba rigida, male: 11, ventral view, 12, aedeagus; 13–15, Garudinia shompen sp. nov., male (Holotype): 13, ventral view, 14, lateral view, 15, aedeagus; 16–17, Nishada sambara, male: 16, ventral view, 17, aedeagus; 18–19, Teulisna chiloides, male: 18, ventral view, 19, aedeagus. Diagnostic characters indicated with black lines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6939131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6939131/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">16–17</figureCitation>
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)
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<paragraph id="8BE5E51CFB3BE161E4E74ACBFE47FD64" blockId="4.[151,643,646,762]" box="[151,472,646,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<materialsCitation id="3B32EF41FB3BE161E4E74ACBFE47FD64" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3862932338" box="[151,472,646,670]" country="Indonesia" location="Java" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jawa Timur" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54E15BBEFB3BE161E4E74ACBFF56FD64" box="[151,201,646,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Type</typeStatus>
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Locality:
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<collectingRegion id="499E2BFEFB3BE161E5424ACBFEC0FD67" box="[306,351,646,669]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Java</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F34DA58CFB3BE161E51C4ACBFE4DFD64" box="[364,466,646,670]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C340B697FB3BE161E4E74AE8FD1CFD00" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE5E51CFB3BE161E4E74AE8FDBDFD46" blockId="4.[151,643,646,762]" box="[151,546,676,700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3BE161E4E74AE8FF37FD46" box="[151,168,677,700]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">=</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A9E9FFB3BE161E4D84AE9FE48FD46" authority="Walker, 1862" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1862" box="[168,471,676,700]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Lithosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intacta">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3BE161E4D84AE9FED7FD46" box="[168,328,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Lithosia intacta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB98EDFB3BE161E53E4AE9FE48FD46" author="Walker, F." box="[334,471,676,700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" pagination="82 - 145" refId="ref11439" refString="Walker, F. (1862) Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidopterous Insects collected at Sarawak, in Borneo, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species. Journal and Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 6, 82 - 145 + 171 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1862. tb 00945. x" type="journal article" year="1862">Walker, 1862</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 6:103.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE5E51CFB3BE161E4E74A89FDD6FD21" blockId="4.[151,643,646,762]" box="[151,585,707,731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3BE161E4E74A89FF37FD21" box="[151,168,708,731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">=</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A9E9FFB3BE161E4D84A8EFE67FD21" authority="Snellen, 1879" authorityName="Snellen" authorityYear="1879" box="[168,504,707,731]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Lithosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chryseola">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3BE161E4D84A8EFEFBFD21" box="[168,356,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Lithosia chryseola</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB98EDFB3BE161E51A4A8EFE67FD21" author="Snellen, P. C. T." box="[362,504,707,731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" pagination="61 - 126" refId="ref10746" refString="Snellen, P. C. T. (1879) Lepidoptera Van Celebes Verzameld Door Mr. M. C. Piepers, met aanteekeningen en beschrijving der nieuwe soorten. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 22, 61 - 126. [in Dutch]" type="journal article" year="1879">Snellen, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 22: 83.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE5E51CFB3BE161E4E74AAFFD1CFD00" blockId="4.[151,643,646,762]" box="[151,643,738,762]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3BE161E4E74AAFFF3AFD00" box="[151,165,738,762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">=</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A9E9FFB3BE161E4D54AAFFD9EFD00" ID-CoL="97NMD" authority="Rothschild, 1912" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1912" box="[165,513,738,762]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Nishada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavens">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3BE161E4D54AAFFED4FD00" box="[165,331,738,762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Nishada flavens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB98EDFB3BE161E5214AAFFD9EFD00" author="Rothschild, W. L." box="[337,513,738,762]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" pagination="212 - 246" refId="ref10350" refString="Rothschild, W. L. (1912) New Lithosiinae. Novitates Zoologicae, 19 (2), 212 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1549" type="journal article" year="1912">Rothschild, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 19 (2): 216.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C340B697FB3BE161E4E74B65FCBEFC70" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE5E51CFB3BE161E4E74B65FCBEFC70" blockId="4.[151,1437,808,1483]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3BE161E4E74B65FE18FCB8" bold="true" box="[151,391,808,834]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B32EF41FB3BE161E5E34B65FBD5FCB8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3862932339" box="[403,1098,808,834]" country="India" location="Great Nicobar Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">
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<collectingCountry id="F34DA58CFB3BE161E5E34B65FE50FCB8" box="[403,463,808,834]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">India</collectingCountry>
|
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,
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<collectingRegion id="499E2BFEFB3BE161E5AD4B65FCDEFCB8" box="[477,833,808,834]" country="India" name="Andaman and Nicobar Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="8E85B3C7FB3BE161E7214B65FBD5FCB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3540AFB3BE161E4E74A50FE39FA30:8E85B3C7FB3BE161E7214B65FBD5FCB8" box="[849,1098,808,834]" country="India" name="Great Nicobar Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" stateProvince="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Great Nicobar Island</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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:
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<specimenCount id="9D5C2E95FB3BE161E0284B65FB16FCB9" box="[1112,1161,808,835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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, Check-post, East-West Road,
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<date id="FFE4C3DCFB3BE161E4924B01FEC6FC9C" box="[226,345,844,870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" value="2018-11-04">04.xi.2018</date>
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(NZCZSI, 9280/H10);
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<specimenCount id="9D5C2E95FB3BE161E6164B01FD0CFC9D" box="[614,659,844,871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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, Watch Tower,
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<date id="FFE4C3DCFB3BE161E7334B01FC24FC9C" box="[835,955,844,870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" value="2018-11-06">06.xi.2018</date>
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(NZCZSI, 9281/H10),
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<specimenCount id="9D5C2E95FB3BE161E0B74B01FB6BFC9D" box="[1223,1268,844,871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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, Watch Tower,
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<date id="FFE4C3DCFB3BE161E4E74B3DFE90FC70" box="[151,271,880,906]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" value="2018-11-08">08.xi.2018</date>
|
||
(NZCZSI, 9282/H10), K. C. Gopi & Party leg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C340B697FB3BE161E4B74BD9FB45FB7C" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5E51CFB3BE161E4B74BD9FB45FB7C" blockId="4.[151,1437,808,1483]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3BE161E4B74BD9FEDBFC54" bold="true" box="[199,324,916,942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing length:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C2E95FB3BE161E6694BD8FDB1FC55" box="[537,558,917,943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="4CA248F9FB3BE161E6474BD9FD29FC55" box="[567,694,916,943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Externally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A9E9FFB3BE161E7364BD8FC54FC54" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[838,971,916,942]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Nishada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sambara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3BE161E7364BD8FC54FC54" box="[838,971,916,942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">N. sambara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles many of its congeners by the overall yellowish or orange-yellow ground colour, with both the wings devoid of any characteristic markings. The species shows minor sexual dimorphism, in male, the expanded subcosta of hindwing is folded on the underside and fringed with hairs. The species is best separable by its male genitalia having characteristically appressed valva costa which is reflexed and scobinate at the apex, large saccular process with a distinct bulge at its inner side, just above the middle of its length and a small sub-apical spine at its outer side. The aedeagus is long, slightly sinuous with a distinct small spine at the carina and the vesica has two sclerotized plates with minute dentations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C340B697FB3BE161E4B74CDDFED9FB08" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5E51CFB3BE161E4B74CDDFED9FB08" blockId="4.[151,1437,808,1483]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3BE161E4B74CDDFEFCFB50" bold="true" box="[199,355,1168,1194]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DA58CFB3BE161E51E4CDDFE44FB50" box="[366,475,1168,1194]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E2BFEFB3BE161E59F4CDDFDBEFB50" box="[495,545,1168,1194]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Bali</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E2BFEFB3BE161E6424CDCFDF9FB51" box="[562,614,1169,1195]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Java</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E2BFEFB3BE161E6064CDDFD49FB50" box="[630,726,1168,1194]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E2BFEFB3BE161E6964CDDFC07FB50" box="[742,920,1168,1194]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">North Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Sangihe)),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DA58CFB3BE161E05D4CDDFB0BFB50" box="[1069,1172,1168,1194]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Borneo),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DA58CFB3BE161E1674CDDFA07FB50" box="[1303,1432,1168,1194]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DA58CFB3BE161E4E74CF9FF64FB34" box="[151,251,1204,1230]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E2BFEFB3BE161E57A4CF9FEFAFB34" box="[266,357,1204,1230]" country="Thailand" name="Ranong" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Ranong</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E2BFEFB3BE161E5024CF9FE6EFB35" box="[370,497,1204,1231]" country="Thailand" name="Phangnga" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Phang Nga</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E2BFEFB3BE161E58D4CF9FDE4FB34" box="[509,635,1204,1230]" country="Thailand" name="Chumphon" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Chumphon</collectingRegion>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB98EDFB3BE161E6E34CF9FCD9FB34" author="Holloway, J. D." box="[659,838,1204,1230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" refId="ref9429" refString="Holloway, J. D. (2001) The Moths of Borneo: Part 7; Family Arctiidae: Lithosiinae. Malayan Nature Journal, Southdene Sdn Bhd., 297 pp., 8 pls." type="book" year="2001">Holloway 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB98EDFB3BE161E7224CF8FBF6FB34" author="Cerny, K. & Pinratana, A." box="[850,1129,1204,1232]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" refId="ref8526" refString="Cerny, K. & Pinratana, A. (2009) Moths of Thailand. Vol. 6. Arctiidae. Brothers of Saint Gabriel, Bangkok, 283 pp." type="book" year="2009">Černý & Pinratana 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DA58CFB3BE161E00E4CF9FB27FB34" box="[1150,1208,1204,1230]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(the Great Nicobar) (present study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C340B697FB3BE161E4B74CB1FE39FA30" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5E51CFB3BE161E4B74CB1FE39FA30" blockId="4.[151,1437,808,1483]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3BE161E4B74CB1FEADFAEC" bold="true" box="[199,306,1276,1302]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Remark:</emphasis>
|
||
The present study reports the fifth species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A9E9FFB3BE161E7334CB1FC3FFAEC" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1878" box="[835,928,1276,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Nishada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3BE161E7334CB1FC3FFAEC" box="[835,928,1276,1302]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Nishada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DA58CFB3BE161E7984CB1FBBDFAEC" box="[1000,1058,1276,1302]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and first from any Indian island. We observed few variations in our specimens when compared with those from other regions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB98EDFB3BE161E0DB4D6DFAC1FAC0" author="Holloway, J. D." box="[1195,1374,1312,1338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" refId="ref9429" refString="Holloway, J. D. (2001) The Moths of Borneo: Part 7; Family Arctiidae: Lithosiinae. Malayan Nature Journal, Southdene Sdn Bhd., 297 pp., 8 pls." type="book" year="2001">Holloway 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Nicobar population have smaller forewing length (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C2E95FB3BE161E6A84D09FD72FAA4" box="[728,749,1348,1374]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="4CA248F9FB3BE161E6864D09FCEBFAA4" box="[758,884,1348,1374]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14 mm</quantity>
|
||
), broader valva costa with a distinct bulge and a minute hook at the apex and the reflexed apical extension is broader and less scobinated. Moreover, the carinal spine of the aedeagus and the sclerotized plates of the vesica are more pronounced in the Nicobar population than the Bornean population.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |