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<document id="F22D54D336CDE91D56D0256105B35D7B" ID-CLB-Dataset="6361" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4974.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6e884f1d-5bc1-4ec4-82b3-534fef9aab11" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4775528" ID-ZooBank="6A7C4317-2A5F-4B71-9B3E-40230904E015" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1621510477631" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rogers, D. Christopher, Tladi, Murphy, Wasserman, Ryan J. &amp; Meyer-Milne, Elizabeth" docDate="2021" docId="03EFE704CD379D2F3BD1FEB9FD31A678" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4974.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4974 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leptestheria brevirostris Barnard 1924" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="264" masterDocId="FFD69F7CCD359D293B46FFD6FF85A349" masterDocTitle="Review of the southern African Leptestheriidae (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) I: redescription of Leptestheria brevirostris Barnard, 1924 with comments on diagnostic characters" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="258" pageNumber="260" updateTime="1698940119813" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6EA4E1BCB6FA893928275B9480E3C27B">
<mods:title id="B3D288A0F58FACF3D066F7D9048562F9">Review of the southern African Leptestheriidae (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) I: redescription of Leptestheria brevirostris Barnard, 1924 with comments on diagnostic characters</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="AFFCB540B53089899CD2756D79E64CF6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D67B3AE15A5C3C63957336668E4E7CCF">
<mods:roleTerm id="3270906174DEAE5EAF332A682A98FFE6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="268B649820C97D7404CAD378219D9B01">Rogers, D. Christopher</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D78F4805CF0E4D24376DE5DA6C05EA4B" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3335-7287</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="EE5D79B63873506466982F00C7D7E8E4">Kansas Biological Survey and the Natural History Museum (Biodiversity Institute), Kansas University, Lawrence, Kansas, USA. branchiopod @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3335 - 7287</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6D91E3C2FF19A83FF1AB1207279FDA3A" type="email">branchiopod@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0DF4D9CB2BDDC261213F924F5A15E391" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F45E3A4846303B2DE95B971DB880407B">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="754DBC69C2BA8FE96E654F1469C56DA7">Tladi, Murphy</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="34798C03E3D9A082F3C5019BA63B1DF3" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8524-6613</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="82935FD118827694F94A6F6F7EFD91C6">Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana. murphy. tladi @ studentmail. biust. ac. bw; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8524 - 6613</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C486CA90D1114C404F1BBAC6AF6ED8DF" type="email">murphy.tladi@studentmail.biust.ac.bw</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B366DA5CC6BEB864A34329E573AA2778" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9C1CBFD41E9C925A73ACB7A07D7B478E">
<mods:roleTerm id="B1D79F0D48E99ECF174A04ED5ED6B39B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="26F0936E3E7ACB84C4E302B00F606BBE">Wasserman, Ryan J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AF5F4DAB5F6DE804211DAD27A7BE027D" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8524-6613</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A6FA995EBF6CB9B1A8BB3C864A961294">Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana. murphy. tladi @ studentmail. biust. ac. bw; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8524 - 6613 &amp; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="551B86081D2401A53F3440B9788F4B89" type="email">murphy.tladi@studentmail.biust.ac.bw</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="7F61887A50A21E0518183B21B4526D34">Meyer-Milne, Elizabeth</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="24A9888639EBD76E53F9F5373021134E" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9431-8540</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="468606A5C972056D3C6A3A24F4159CBC">South African Environmental Observation Network, P. O. Box 110040, Hadison Park, Kimberley, 8306, South Africa. betsiemilne @ gmail. com; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9431 - 8540</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DDA7E361F1EB34DE99C4B163EE60B8D9" type="email">betsiemilne@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4D8566BFBC5AF7DA50A2D0BBCD6A1943">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D11DACA85C989CD4EE21391C77456CC0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5D093DE1F3ACBCD6788A708AA2BC1D56">
<mods:date id="7A2BCA1D728AD926E265ED76CC0D91FC">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="232C89C5BB81DCAE81BD3FFD45E3EBC5">2021-05-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="81BA1561143FB3A05089C9840F974A68">4974</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BD9AE4F298FA552EF13157EE640AC58A">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3BC00295007411623B05D9BD559FDBAB">258</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="600A5D2EDF0DD2E43D2068B829E7B52F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4974.2.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="67CCB836D503735BBE27EF4628D03965" type="GBIF-Dataset">6e884f1d-5bc1-4ec4-82b3-534fef9aab11</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EFE704CD379D2F3BD1FEB9FD31A678" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775522" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182482783" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4775522" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EFE704CD379D2F3BD1FEB9FD31A678" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFE704CD379D2F3BD1FEB9FD31A678" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="264" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<subSubSection id="C35C0599CD379D2B3BD1FEB9FF60A2E4" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD379D2B3BD1FEB9FDFFA2C0" blockId="2.[151,634,367,429]" box="[151,634,367,394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<heading id="D0B1E17ECD379D2B3BD1FEB9FDFFA2C0" bold="true" box="[151,634,367,394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD379D2B3BD1FEB9FDFFA2C0" ID-CoL="22ba1dab-2f67-4dbe-aedd-0cf5ca7bc02d" authority="Barnard, 1924" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,634,367,394]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD379D2B3BD1FEB9FDFFA2C0" bold="true" box="[151,634,367,394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD379D2B3BD1FEB9FE38A2C3" bold="true" box="[151,445,367,394]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Leptestheria brevirostris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD379D2B3A83FEB9FDFFA2C0" author="Barnard, K. H." box="[453,634,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" pagination="213 - 228" refId="ref5843" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1924) Contributions to a knowledge of the fauna of southwest Africa, II. Crustacea Entomostraca, Phyllopoda. Annals of the South African Museum, 20, 213 - 228." type="journal article" year="1924">Barnard, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD379D2B3BD1FE45FF60A2E4" blockId="2.[151,634,367,429]" box="[151,229,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">(fig. 1)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C0599CD379D2B3BD1FE0EFE84A147" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD379D2B3BD1FE0EFE84A147" blockId="2.[151,1436,472,526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD379D2B3BD1FE0EFEE6A2B9" author="Barnard, K. H." box="[151,355,472,496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" pagination="213 - 228" refId="ref5843" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1924) Contributions to a knowledge of the fauna of southwest Africa, II. Crustacea Entomostraca, Phyllopoda. Annals of the South African Museum, 20, 213 - 228." type="journal article" year="1924">Barnard, 1924: 227</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD379D2B3A37FE0EFE22A2B9" author="Barnard, K. H." box="[369,423,472,496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" pagination="189 - 272" refId="ref5883" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1929) Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. Vol. 10. Revision of Branchiopoda. Annals of the South African Museum, 29, 189 - 272." type="journal article" year="1929">1929</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD379D2B3AF2FE0EFDE4A2B9" author="Brendonck, L." box="[436,609,472,496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" pagination="1 - 126" refId="ref5957" refString="Brendonck, L. (1999) Conchostraca. In: Day, J. A., Stewart, B. A., de Moor, I. J. &amp; Louw, A. E. (Eds.), Guides to the Freshwater Invertebrates of Southern Africa. Crustacea I: Notostraca, Anostraca, Conchostraca, and Cladocera. Water Research Commission Report TT 121 / 00. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, pp. 1 - 126." type="book chapter" year="1999">Brendonck 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD379D2B3928FE0EFD60A2B9" author="Brtek, J." box="[622,741,472,496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" pagination="3 - 66" refId="ref6043" refString="Brtek, J. (1997) Checklist of the valid and invalid names of the &quot; large branchiopods &quot; (Anostraca, Notostraca, Spinicaudata and Laevicaudata), with a survey of the taxonomy of all Branchiopoda. Zborik Sloven Narod Muz, 43, 3 - 66." type="journal article" year="1997">Brtek 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD379D2B39B4FE0EFCA2A2B9" author="Brtek, J." box="[754,807,472,496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" pagination="49 - 59" refId="ref6094" refString="Brtek, J. (2002) Taxonomical survey of the Anostraca, Notostraca, Cyclestherida, Spinicaudata and Laevicaudata. Zborik Sloven Narod Muz, 48, 49 - 59." type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
, Garcia &amp; Perreira 2003,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD379D2B3F7FFE0EFB3AA2B9" author="Rogers, D. C." box="[1081,1215,472,496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" pagination="45" refId="ref6531" refString="Rogers, D. C. (2020) Spinicaudata catalogus (Crustacea: Branchiopoda). Zoological Studies, 59, 45. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2020.59 - 45" type="journal article" year="2020">Rogers 2020</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD379D2B3F8AFE0EFF78A147" author="Emami-Khoyi, A. &amp; Tladi, M. &amp; Dalu, T. &amp; Teske, P. R. &amp; van Vuuren, J. &amp; Rogers, D. C. &amp; Nyamukondiwa, C. &amp; Wasserman, R." pageId="2" pageNumber="260" pagination="608 - 610" refId="ref6166" refString="Emami-Khoyi, A., Tladi, M., Dalu, T., Teske, P. R., van Vuuren, J., Rogers, D. C., Nyamukondiwa, C. &amp; Wasserman, R. (2021) The complete mitogenome of Leptestheria brevirostris Barnard, 1924, a rock pool clam shrimp (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) from Central District, Botswana. Mitochondrial DNA, Part B, 6, 608 - 610. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23802359.2021.1875898" type="journal article" year="2021">
Emami-Khoyi
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD379D2B3E21FE0EFA13A2B9" box="[1383,1430,472,496]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C0599CD379D2B3BD1FDEAFC8AA03F" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD379D2B3BD1FDEAFF5EA042" blockId="2.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD379D2B3BD1FDEAFEFFA11F" bold="true" box="[151,378,572,598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B2E5C4FCD379D2B3ACEFDEBFF5EA042" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3125292303" collectingDate="1993-01-27" collectingDateMax="2018-12-03" collectingDateMin="1993-01-27" collectionCode="BIUST, AM" country="Botswana" county="In" latitude="-22.598751" location="International University of Science" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.13105" municipality="Palapye" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="LEN 156" specimenCount="30" specimenCount-female="22" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Central">
<collectingCounty id="62982E9ECD379D2B3ACEFDEBFE1AA11E" box="[392,415,573,599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">In</collectingCounty>
addition to the
<typeStatus id="54FDE8B0CD379D2B3909FDEBFDFAA11E" box="[591,639,573,599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">type</typeStatus>
material below, the following material was examined:
<collectingCountry id="F3511682CD379D2B3FAFFDEBFADFA11E" box="[1257,1370,573,599]" name="Botswana" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Botswana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498298F0CD379D2B3E20FDEBFE99A133" country="Botswana" name="Central" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Central District</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="4CBEFBF7CD379D2B3A6EFDB6FEF8A133" box="[296,381,608,634]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.14" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" unit="km" value="8.14">8.14km</quantity>
south of
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9DCC68CD379D2B3AACFDB6FDC3A133" box="[490,582,608,634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Palapye</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7230D5CD379D2B3917FDB7FC97A132" box="[593,786,608,635]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" precision="1" seconds="55.50" value="-22.598751">22° 35’ 55.50” S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE7230D5CD379D2B3866FDB7FC56A132" box="[800,979,608,635]" degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="7" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" precision="1" seconds="51.78" value="27.13105">27° 7’ 51.78” E</geoCoordinate>
, natural pool in sandstone rock outcrop, on the
<collectingCountry id="F3511682CD379D2B3BA2FD53FED7A1D6" box="[228,338,645,671]" name="Botswana" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Botswana</collectingCountry>
<location id="8E9900C9CD379D2B3A1CFD52FD61A1D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EFE704CD379D2F3BD1FEB9FD31A678:8E9900C9CD379D2B3A1CFD52FD61A1D7" box="[346,740,644,670]" country="Botswana" county="In" latitude="-22.598751" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.13105" municipality="Palapye" name="International University of Science" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" stateProvince="Central">International University of Science</location>
and
<location id="8E9900C9CD379D2B385DFD52FC1AA1D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EFE704CD379D2F3BD1FEB9FD31A678:8E9900C9CD379D2B385DFD52FC1AA1D7" box="[795,927,644,670]" country="Botswana" county="In" latitude="-22.598751" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.13105" municipality="Palapye" name="Technology" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" stateProvince="Central">Technology</location>
(
<collectionCode id="ED57CED7CD379D2B38E8FD53FB87A1D6" box="[942,1026,645,671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">BIUST</collectionCode>
) campus;
<specimenCount id="9D409D9BCD379D2B3F30FD53FB1EA1D6" box="[1142,1179,645,671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" type="male">7♂</specimenCount>
-
<specimenCount id="9D409D9BCD379D2B3FE2FD53FB51A1D6" box="[1188,1236,645,671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" type="female">22♀</specimenCount>
(18 ovigerous),
<date id="FFF870D2CD379D2B3EC8FD53FE82A18A" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" value="2018-12-03">
<collectingDate id="EFBC893ACD379D2B3EC8FD53FE82A18A" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" value="2018-12-03">3 Dec 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26B333C4CD379D2B3A52FD7FFEFFA18B" box="[276,378,680,707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">M. Tladi</collectorName>
; Republic of South Africa, Northern Cape,
<location id="8E9900C9CD379D2B3820FD7EFB3AA18B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EFE704CD379D2F3BD1FEB9FD31A678:8E9900C9CD379D2B3820FD7EFB3AA18B" box="[870,1215,680,706]" country="Botswana" county="In" latitude="-22.598751" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.13105" municipality="Palapye" name="Augrabies Falls National Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" stateProvince="Central">Augrabies Falls National Park</location>
, depressional pools in
<collectorName id="26B333C4CD379D2B3BF0FD1BFEB8A1AF" box="[182,317,716,743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Moon Rock</collectorName>
outcrop,
<date id="FFF870D2CD379D2B3AEDFD1BFDBFA1AE" box="[427,570,717,743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" value="1993-01-27">
<collectingDate id="EFBC893ACD379D2B3AEDFD1BFDBFA1AE" box="[427,570,717,743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" value="1993-01-27">27 Jan 1993</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D409D9BCD379D2B3901FD1BFDEEA1AE" box="[583,619,717,743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, cultured from dry sediment,
<collectorName id="26B333C4CD379D2B3887FD1BFBBDA1AE" box="[961,1080,717,743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">M. Hamer</collectorName>
,
<location id="8E9900C9CD379D2B3F03FD1AFAA1A1AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EFE704CD379D2F3BD1FEB9FD31A678:8E9900C9CD379D2B3F03FD1AFAA1A1AF" box="[1093,1316,716,742]" country="Botswana" county="In" latitude="-22.598751" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.13105" municipality="Palapye" name="University of Natal" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" stateProvince="Central">University of Natal</location>
,
<collectionCode id="ED57CED7CD379D2B3E76FD1BFAD8A1AE" box="[1328,1373,717,743]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBE0FE69CD379D2B3E20FD1BFF41A042" collectionCode="LEN" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">LEN 156</specimenCode>
B.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD379D2B3B81FCC3FC8AA03F" blockId="2.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<materialsCitation id="3B2E5C4FCD379D2B3B81FCC3FD69A067" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3125292302" box="[199,748,788,815]" country="Namibia" location="Otjozondjupa Region" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD379D2B3B81FCC3FEF4A067" bold="true" box="[199,369,788,815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<typeStatus id="54FDE8B0CD379D2B3B81FCC3FE87A066" box="[199,258,789,815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F3511682CD379D2B3AC5FCC2FE63A067" box="[387,486,788,814]" name="Namibia" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Namibia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498298F0CD379D2B3AB3FCC2FD69A067" box="[501,748,788,814]" country="Namibia" name="Otjozondjupa" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Otjozondjupa Region</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B2E5C4FCD379D2B39BCFCC2FC8EA03F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3125292301" collectionCode="R" collectorName="W. E. Tucker" country="South Africa" latitude="-20.516611" location="South African Museum" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.233307" municipality="Waterberg Tops" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-juvenile="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<geoCoordinate id="EE7230D5CD379D2B39BCFCC2FC11A066" box="[762,916,788,815]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" precision="1" seconds="59.8" value="-20.516611">20°30’59.8”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE7230D5CD379D2B38D9FCC2FBB9A066" box="[927,1084,788,815]" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" precision="1" seconds="59.9" value="17.233307">17°13’59.9”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9DCC68CD379D2B3F0DFCC2FA84A066" box="[1099,1281,788,815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Waterberg Tops</collectingMunicipality>
, ~
<locationDeviation id="9A4B4F30CD379D2B3E5BFCC2FEDAA01A" location="Otjiwarango. One" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<quantity id="4CBEFBF7CD379D2B3E5BFCC2FADBA067" box="[1309,1374,788,814]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" unit="km" value="70.0">70km</quantity>
E of Otjiwarango. One
</locationDeviation>
female with eggs,
<specimenCount id="9D409D9BCD379D2B3976FCEFFD39A01B" box="[560,700,824,851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" type="juvenile">one juvenile</specimenCount>
. 1920,
<collectionCode id="ED57CED7CD379D2B384DFCEFFCA5A01A" box="[779,800,825,851]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26B333C4CD379D2B3865FCEFFC34A01B" box="[803,945,824,851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">W.E. Tucker</collectorName>
, collector; catalogue number MB-A006738, at the
<location id="8E9900C9CD379D2B3B9AFC8AFE61A03E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EFE704CD379D2F3BD1FEB9FD31A678:8E9900C9CD379D2B3B9AFC8AFE61A03E" box="[220,484,860,887]" country="South Africa" latitude="-20.516611" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.233307" municipality="Waterberg Tops" name="South African Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">South African Museum</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3511682CD379D2B3AA9FC8AFC8EA03F" box="[495,779,860,886]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Republic of South Africa</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C0599CD379D2B3B81FC56FDC1A7DE" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD379D2B3B81FC56FDC1A7DE" blockId="2.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD379D2B3B81FC56FEBFA0D3" bold="true" box="[199,314,896,922]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD379D2B3A0CFC56FDE5A0D3" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1924" box="[330,608,896,922]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD379D2B3A0CFC56FDE5A0D3" box="[330,608,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Leptestheria brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily separated from all other African members of the genus by the greatly abbreviated rostrum, which has a length that is roughly 0.6x the length of the head from the ocular tubercle to the base of the occipital condyle (
<figureCitation id="137D4A97CD379D2B3974FC1EFD09A0AA" box="[562,652,968,995]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[182,1404,183,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[174,1413,179,1852]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptestheria brevirostris. A, male head, left lateral view. B, male right thoracopod I clasper medial view. C, male left thoracopod I clasper lateral view. D, male left thoracopod II clasper lateral view. E, carapace outline, left valve. F, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals). G, male telson, left lateral view. H, female telson, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–E 2mm; F, G 4mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775530/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). In all other African species, the lengths are subequal (
<figureCitation id="137D4A97CD379D2B3E44FC1EFAD8A0AA" box="[1282,1373,968,995]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,195,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[168,1419,181,1864]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, Leptestheria rubidgei, male head, left lateral view. B, male telson, left lateral view. C–E, Leptestheria rubidgei, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals), various examples. F, Leptestheria striatoconcha, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals). G, Leptestheria rubidgei, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals), example. Scale bars: A 2mm; B 4mm; C–G 2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775532/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). The male telson is unique among the
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD379D2B394DFC3AFD19A74F" authorityName="Linder" authorityYear="1945" box="[523,668,1004,1030]" class="Branchiopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinicaudata" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Spinicaudata</taxonomicName>
in that the posterior telson spiniform projections are directed dorsoposteriorly, and are subparallel to the telson spine rows (
<figureCitation id="137D4A97CD379D2B384AFBC6FCE5A762" box="[780,864,1040,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[182,1404,183,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[174,1413,179,1852]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptestheria brevirostris. A, male head, left lateral view. B, male right thoracopod I clasper medial view. C, male left thoracopod I clasper lateral view. D, male left thoracopod II clasper lateral view. E, carapace outline, left valve. F, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals). G, male telson, left lateral view. H, female telson, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–E 2mm; F, G 4mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775530/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
). Male
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD379D2B38F3FBC7FBD6A763" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1924" box="[949,1107,1040,1066]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD379D2B38F3FBC7FBD6A763" box="[949,1107,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">L. brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also unique in that the first claspers are different in form from the second (
<figureCitation id="137D4A97CD379D2B39ECFBE2FCA0A706" box="[682,805,1076,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[182,1404,183,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[174,1413,179,1852]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptestheria brevirostris. A, male head, left lateral view. B, male right thoracopod I clasper medial view. C, male left thoracopod I clasper lateral view. D, male left thoracopod II clasper lateral view. E, carapace outline, left valve. F, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals). G, male telson, left lateral view. H, female telson, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–E 2mm; F, G 4mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775530/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Fig. 1B–D</figureCitation>
). The second clasper (
<figureCitation id="137D4A97CD379D2B3F66FBE2FBF3A706" box="[1056,1142,1076,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[182,1404,183,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[174,1413,179,1852]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptestheria brevirostris. A, male head, left lateral view. B, male right thoracopod I clasper medial view. C, male left thoracopod I clasper lateral view. D, male left thoracopod II clasper lateral view. E, carapace outline, left valve. F, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals). G, male telson, left lateral view. H, female telson, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–E 2mm; F, G 4mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775530/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
) possesses a longitudinal, subrectangular lamellar projection on the base of the endopod just lateral of a line between the base of the endopod medial bend and the base of endite IV.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C0599CD379D2A3B81FB76FAABA404" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="261" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD379D2B3B81FB76FE0EA796" blockId="2.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD379D2B3B81FB76FE39A7F2" bold="true" box="[199,444,1184,1211]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Redescription. Male</emphasis>
. Form in general typical for the family and genus.
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD379D2B3F5FFB77FB02A7F2" box="[1049,1159,1185,1211]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Carapace</emphasis>
length average
<quantity id="4CBEFBF7CD379D2B3E05FB76FA18A7F2" box="[1347,1437,1184,1211]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="5.9">5.9 mm</quantity>
(range,
<quantity id="4CBEFBF7CD379D2B3BABFB12FEFAA796" box="[237,383,1220,1247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="5.65" valueMax="6.2" valueMin="5.1">5.1– 6.2 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD379D2B3B81FB3EFB94A6FF" blockId="2.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD379D2B3B81FB3EFE81A64B" box="[199,260,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Head</emphasis>
broadly rectangular (
<figureCitation id="137D4A97CD379D2B3AB0FB3EFDD5A64A" box="[502,592,1256,1283]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[182,1404,183,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[174,1413,179,1852]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptestheria brevirostris. A, male head, left lateral view. B, male right thoracopod I clasper medial view. C, male left thoracopod I clasper lateral view. D, male left thoracopod II clasper lateral view. E, carapace outline, left valve. F, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals). G, male telson, left lateral view. H, female telson, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–E 2mm; F, G 4mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775530/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Ocular tubercle rounded, projecting not more than 0.25x the width of the eye above the frons. Contiguous compound eyes large, subspherical, ~0.85x ocular tubercle width. Naupliar ocellus subtriangular, lying just posterior to rostrum apex. Rostrum abbreviated, length ~0.6x distance between ocular tubercle and occipital condyle base. Rostral spine slightly arcuate, curving anteriorly, length ~0.7x eye length. Angle between rostrum and frons ~100°. Frontal organ at base of occipital condyle. Occipital condyle conical, elongate; length subequal to distance between ocular tubercle and occipital condyle base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD379D2B3B81FA17FCF6A56A" blockId="2.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD379D2B3B81FA17FEEAA693" box="[199,367,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">First antennae</emphasis>
posterior to rostrum; length ~1.4x second antennal peduncle (
<figureCitation id="137D4A97CD379D2B3F01FA16FB21A692" box="[1095,1188,1472,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[182,1404,183,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[174,1413,179,1852]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptestheria brevirostris. A, male head, left lateral view. B, male right thoracopod I clasper medial view. C, male left thoracopod I clasper lateral view. D, male left thoracopod II clasper lateral view. E, carapace outline, left valve. F, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals). G, male telson, left lateral view. H, female telson, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–E 2mm; F, G 4mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775530/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Distal three fourths bearing a longitudinal row of large rounded lobes; lobes are smooth and inerm, irregularly spaced, more crowded distally. Distalmost lobe on anterior portion of first antenna apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD379D2B3B81F9FAFBDCA4BE" blockId="2.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD379D2B3B81F9FAFEFCA50F" box="[199,377,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Second antenna</emphasis>
typical for genus (
<figureCitation id="137D4A97CD379D2B390BF9FAFD23A50E" box="[589,678,1580,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[182,1404,183,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[174,1413,179,1852]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptestheria brevirostris. A, male head, left lateral view. B, male right thoracopod I clasper medial view. C, male left thoracopod I clasper lateral view. D, male left thoracopod II clasper lateral view. E, carapace outline, left valve. F, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals). G, male telson, left lateral view. H, female telson, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–E 2mm; F, G 4mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775530/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="260">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
), 2.0 to 2.5x head length. Second antennal peduncle subcylindrical, subequal in length to head, bearing seven to ten anterior transverse ridges, each margined with spines. First through penultimate ridges with single row of spines. Distalmost transverse ridge with scattered elongate spines. Lateral and posterior peduncle surfaces smooth and inerm. Second antennal anterior flagellum (exopod) with six or nine flagellomeres. Exopod flagellomere I campaniform, widening distally; distal margin ringed with aciculate spines. Exopod flagellomere II campaniform, widening distally; anterior surface with a few short, scattered spines, posterior surface with three recurved long spines; distal margin with three or four anterior spines. Exopod flagellomere III clavate, widening distally; anterior surface distally with four or six scattered aciculate spines; posterior surface with four or six long slightly curved spines and at least one short spine. Remaining exopod flagellomeres clavate with anterior surface distally bearing two to six scattered aciculate spines. Posterior flagellum (endopod) with eight or nine flagellomeres, subequal in length to exopod. Endopod flagellomeres subcylindrical; posterior surface with a subdistal rounded protrusion bearing three to 15 filiform elongate setae. Endopod flagellomeres I and II posterior surface proximal to rounded protrusion with three filiform setae in a longitudinal row.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD369D2A3B81FF41FEDBA22C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD369D2A3B81FF41FEB0A3F8" box="[199,309,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Carapace</emphasis>
form typical for the genus, with broadly rounded anterior and posterior margins, and the dorsal and ventral margins relatively straight; length width ratio ~1.8. Umbone present and obvious. Growth lines clear and prominent, narrow, and slightly projecting. Growth line intervals (
<figureCitation id="137D4A97CD369D2A38CCFF09FC5AA3B0" box="[906,991,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[182,1404,183,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[174,1413,179,1852]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptestheria brevirostris. A, male head, left lateral view. B, male right thoracopod I clasper medial view. C, male left thoracopod I clasper lateral view. D, male left thoracopod II clasper lateral view. E, carapace outline, left valve. F, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals). G, male telson, left lateral view. H, female telson, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–E 2mm; F, G 4mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775530/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
) with surface sculpture of raised mesh lines defining shallowly depressed rounded, roughly rectangular to oblong polygons. Carapace posterior third with three to four polygons longitudinally per large interval between growth lines. Adductor muscle scar broad, oblong; length ~2x width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD369D2A3B81FEB9FAA2A2C0" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,1319,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD369D2A3B81FEB9FD24A2C0" box="[199,673,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Fourteen to eighteen pairs of thoracopods</emphasis>
. Thoracopods I and II modified as claspers (
<figureCitation id="137D4A97CD369D2A3FD3FEB9FA9FA2C0" box="[1173,1306,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[182,1404,183,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[174,1413,179,1852]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptestheria brevirostris. A, male head, left lateral view. B, male right thoracopod I clasper medial view. C, male left thoracopod I clasper lateral view. D, male left thoracopod II clasper lateral view. E, carapace outline, left valve. F, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals). G, male telson, left lateral view. H, female telson, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–E 2mm; F, G 4mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775530/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Figs. 1B–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD369D2A3B81FE45FAE1A1E0" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD369D2A3B81FE45FEDBA2E5" box="[199,350,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Thoracopod I</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137D4A97CD369D2A3A2AFE45FE6FA2E4" box="[364,490,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[182,1404,183,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[174,1413,179,1852]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptestheria brevirostris. A, male head, left lateral view. B, male right thoracopod I clasper medial view. C, male left thoracopod I clasper lateral view. D, male left thoracopod II clasper lateral view. E, carapace outline, left valve. F, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals). G, male telson, left lateral view. H, female telson, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–E 2mm; F, G 4mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775530/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Figs. 1B, C</figureCitation>
) endite III produced as rigid hamulus (‘tumidity’ in
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD369D2A3F65FE45FAA1A2E4" author="Schwentner, M. &amp; Timms, B. V. &amp; Richter, S." box="[1059,1316,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261" pagination="42 - 64" refId="ref6783" refString="Schwentner, M., Timms, B. V. &amp; Richter, S. (2012) Description of four new species of Limnadopsis from Australia (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata). Zootaxa, 3315 (1), 42 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3315.1.2" type="journal article" year="2012">
Schwentner
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD369D2A3FEAFE45FB59A2E4" box="[1196,1244,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
), length 2x basal width, apically rounded rectangular, and separated by a distance subequal to its length from the base of endite IV. Endite IV (‘thumb’) subcylindrical, length subequal to width; apex flat, transverse, covered in dense aciculate denticulae; endite IV outgrowth (‘small palp’) projecting distomedially from side of endite IV; length~ 1.5x basal width, apically rounded subrectangular. Endopod (‘finger’) proximally conical; distal portion subcylindrical, with distal portion bending basally ~150° with apex directed to endite IV. Endopod apex rounded, covered apically and at contact region with endite IV with small rounded denticulae. Endite V (‘large palp’) cylindrical, slightly shorter in total length than endopod, with apex rounded, slightly expanded, and bearing short scattered filiform setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD369D2A3B81FD65FB05A080" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD369D2A3B81FD65FEEFA185" box="[199,362,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Thoracopod II</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137D4A97CD369D2A3A3EFD65FE4BA184" box="[376,462,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[182,1404,183,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[174,1413,179,1852]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptestheria brevirostris. A, male head, left lateral view. B, male right thoracopod I clasper medial view. C, male left thoracopod I clasper lateral view. D, male left thoracopod II clasper lateral view. E, carapace outline, left valve. F, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals). G, male telson, left lateral view. H, female telson, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–E 2mm; F, G 4mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775530/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
) endite III produced as rigid hamulus; length subequal to basal width, apically rounded triangular, and situated at base of endite IV. Endite IV (‘thumb’) subcylindrical; length ~2.5x width; apex flat, transverse, covered in dense aciculate denticulae; endite IV outgrowth (‘small palp’) projecting distomedially from side of endite IV, length~ 1.5x basal width, apically rounded subrectangular. Endopod (‘finger’) proximally conical, with a large subrectangular lamella projecting from subconical base longitudinally, just lateral of a line from the base of the distal endopod cylindrical portion and the base of endite IV. Endopod distal portion subcylindrical, with distal portion arcing 90° with apex directed to endite IV. Endopod apex subacute, covered apically and at contact region with endite IV with small rounded denticulae. Endite V (‘large palp’) as for thoracopod I.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD369D2A3B81FC05FAAEA77C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Thoracopods II or III through X or XI each bearing dorsally elongated subcylindrical flabellum; posterior limbs lack elongated flabellae. Body segments posterior to eleventh thoracopod pair dorsally with transverse ridge each bearing a transverse row of simple setae, diminishing in length serially in posterior abdominal segments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD369D2A3B81FBE9FAAEA678" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD369D2A3B81FBE9FE8AA710" box="[199,271,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Telson</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137D4A97CD369D2A3A67FBE9FEFCA710" box="[289,377,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[182,1404,183,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[174,1413,179,1852]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptestheria brevirostris. A, male head, left lateral view. B, male right thoracopod I clasper medial view. C, male left thoracopod I clasper lateral view. D, male left thoracopod II clasper lateral view. E, carapace outline, left valve. F, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals). G, male telson, left lateral view. H, female telson, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–E 2mm; F, G 4mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775530/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
) with posterior surface ridges reflexed anteriorly over telson dorsal portion. Posterior ridges with 26 to 32 spines each; spines simple, aciculate, separated by a distance subequal to spine length. Anterior most spines directed anterodorsally, with next spines directed dorsally, and subsequent spines directed posteriorly. Spine length ~3x spine basal width. Posterior ridges extending to posterior spiniform projections with spines spaced 4–5x spine length; spine length 5–6x basal width, and spine rows only extending to base of distal third of spiniform projection. Telson filaments between fourth, fifth, or sixth spine pairs. Both telson posterior spiniform projections directed dorsoposteriorly, subparallel to telson spine rows. Telson lacking a ventral spiniform projection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD369D2A3B81FAEDFB70A688" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD369D2A3B81FAEDFEBAA61C" box="[199,319,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Cercopods</emphasis>
projecting posteriorly from the ventroposterior surface of the telson. Cercopod length subequal to telson spiniform projection. Cercopod nearly straight with slight arc at the ventral margin, with slightly sinuous dorsal margin. Cercopod medial surface with a longitudinal row of short aciculate spines. Spine length ~2x basal width, spines separated by 2–4x spine length. Cercopod spine row terminates at base of distal tenth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD369D2A3B81FA1DFF51A540" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD369D2A3B81FA1DFE9BA6AC" bold="true" box="[199,286,1483,1509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Female</emphasis>
. General form as in male with following exceptions: carapace length average
<quantity id="4CBEFBF7CD369D2A3FD5FA1DFB6FA6AC" box="[1171,1258,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
(range, 3.0–
<quantity id="4CBEFBF7CD369D2A3E3FFA1DFF42A540" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD369D2A3B81F9C5FB48A564" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,1229,1555,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD369D2A3B81F9C5FE40A565" box="[199,453,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Thoracopods X and XI</emphasis>
with epipodal flabellae extended as long filaments for carrying eggs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD369D2A3B81F9E1FA96A5A8" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD369D2A3B81F9E1FE8AA518" box="[199,271,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Telson</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137D4A97CD369D2A3A67F9E1FEFCA518" box="[289,377,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[182,1404,183,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[174,1413,179,1852]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptestheria brevirostris. A, male head, left lateral view. B, male right thoracopod I clasper medial view. C, male left thoracopod I clasper lateral view. D, male left thoracopod II clasper lateral view. E, carapace outline, left valve. F, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals). G, male telson, left lateral view. H, female telson, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–E 2mm; F, G 4mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775530/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
) with posterior surface ridges produced dorsally. Posterior ridges with 26 to 32 spines each; spines simple, aciculate, separated by a distance subequal to spine length. Spine pairs directed posteriorly. Spine length ~2–4x spine basal width. Posterior ridges extending to posterior spiniform projections with spines spaced 2–3x spine length, and spine rows only extending to base of distal third of spiniform projection. Telson filaments between second, third, or fourth spine pairs. Telson posterior spiniform projection directed posteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD369D2A3B81F93DFC97A44C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,786,1770,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD369D2A3B81F93DFF71A44D" box="[199,244,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Egg</emphasis>
. Spherical, unornamented, ~250μm in diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD369D2A3B81F8D8FAABA404" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD369D2A3B81F8D8FEBAA461" bold="true" box="[199,319,1806,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Amplexus</emphasis>
. One pair in the lot are in amplexus, with amplexus being single file as in certain Australian endemic
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD369D2A3BD1F8E5FD8AA404" authority="(Rogers et al. 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Rogers" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[151,527,1843,1869]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Limnadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Limnadiidae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD369D2A3A75F8E5FD82A404" author="Rogers, D. C. &amp; Rabet, N. &amp; Weeks, S. C." box="[307,519,1843,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261" pagination="827 - 842" refId="ref6569" refString="Rogers, D. C., Rabet, N. &amp; Weeks, S. C. (2012) A revision of the extant genera of the clam shrimp family Limnadiidae. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 32, 827 - 842. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 193724012 X 637212" type="journal article" year="2012">
Rogers
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD369D2A3ACDF8E5FE38A404" box="[395,445,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. This form of amplexus has not been reported outside the
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD369D2A3FDEF8E5FAACA404" box="[1176,1321,1843,1869]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Limnadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limnadiidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C0599CD369D2F3B81F880FBCEA758" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="264" pageId="3" pageNumber="261" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD369D2A3B81F880FE1AA4F0" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD369D2A3B81F880FE4CA439" bold="true" box="[199,457,1878,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD369D2A3A9DF881FD77A438" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1924" box="[475,754,1879,1905]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="3" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD369D2A3A9DF881FD77A438" box="[475,754,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Leptestheria brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily separated from all congeners by the form of the rostrum, the form of the male telson, the form of the male second clasper, and to a lesser extent the form of the occipital condyle (
<figureCitation id="137D4A97CD369D2A3A0AF849FE0BA4F0" box="[332,398,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[182,1404,183,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[174,1413,179,1852]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptestheria brevirostris. A, male head, left lateral view. B, male right thoracopod I clasper medial view. C, male left thoracopod I clasper lateral view. D, male left thoracopod II clasper lateral view. E, carapace outline, left valve. F, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals). G, male telson, left lateral view. H, female telson, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–E 2mm; F, G 4mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775530/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="261">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF39069ACD319D2D3BD1F880FE35A493" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775530" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4775530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775530/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="262" startId="4.[151,250,1878,1902]" targetBox="[182,1404,183,1840]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD319D2D3BD1F880FE35A493" blockId="4.[151,1437,1878,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD319D2D3BD1F880FE8BA427" bold="true" box="[151,270,1878,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="262">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD319D2D3A5CF880FD91A427" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1924" box="[282,532,1878,1902]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD319D2D3A5CF880FD91A427" box="[282,532,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="262">Leptestheria brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, male head, left lateral view. B, male right thoracopod I clasper medial view. C, male left thoracopod I clasper lateral view. D, male left thoracopod II clasper lateral view. E, carapace outline, left valve. F, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals). G, male telson, left lateral view. H, female telson, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–E 2mm; F, G 4mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF39069ACD309D2C3BD1F8B7FD4BA4AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775532" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4775532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775532/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="263" startId="5.[151,250,1889,1913]" targetBox="[183,1405,195,1851]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD309D2C3BD1F8B7FD4BA4AC" blockId="5.[151,1436,1889,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="263">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD309D2C3BD1F8B7FE96A430" bold="true" box="[151,275,1889,1913]" pageId="5" pageNumber="263">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
A,
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD309D2C3A70F8B7FD94A430" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[310,529,1889,1913]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubidgei">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD309D2C3A70F8B7FD94A430" box="[310,529,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="263">Leptestheria rubidgei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male head, left lateral view. B, male telson, left lateral view. C–E,
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD309D2C3FFDF8B7FA13A430" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1211,1430,1889,1913]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubidgei">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD309D2C3FFDF8B7FA13A430" box="[1211,1430,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="263">Leptestheria rubidgei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals), various examples. F,
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD309D2C389EF853FB6DA4D4" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1924" box="[984,1256,1925,1949]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatoconcha">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD309D2C389EF853FB6DA4D4" box="[984,1256,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="263">Leptestheria striatoconcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals). G,
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD309D2C393EF87FFCD0A488" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[632,853,1961,1985]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubidgei">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD309D2C393EF87FFCD0A488" box="[632,853,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="263">Leptestheria rubidgei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, carapace growth line interval ornamentation (two intervals), example. Scale bars: A 2mm; B 4mm; C–G 2mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD339D2F3B81FF41FE5AA150" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">
The rostrum in
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD339D2F3A33FF41FD96A3F8" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1924" box="[373,531,151,177]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F3A33FF41FD96A3F8" box="[373,531,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">L. brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is extremely short in both sexes compared to all other
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD339D2F3F3FFF41FAE5A3F8" box="[1145,1376,151,177]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F3F3FFF41FA80A3F8" box="[1145,1285,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">Leptestheria</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, with the rostrum length approximately 0.6x the length of the head from the ocular tubercle to the base of the occipital condyle. In all other African species, and most other species globally, the lengths are subequal or longer than the distance between the ocular tubercle and the occipital condyle base. The few exceptions are limited to aberrant or unique individuals within a given population of a species that otherwise has a longer rostrum.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD339D2F3FF8FEF1FAD8A208" author="Halloy, S." box="[1214,1373,295,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" pagination="119 - 135" refId="ref6306" refString="Halloy, S. (1979) Notas biologicas sobre un nuevo Conchostraca (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) de Gran Altura. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 35, 119 - 135." type="journal article" year="1979">Halloy (1979)</bibRefCitation>
presents a female
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD339D2F3A76FE9DFDD0A22C" authority="Harding, 1940" authorityName="Harding" authorityYear="1940" box="[304,597,331,357]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="titicacae">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F3A76FE9DFE28A22D" box="[304,429,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">L. titicacae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD339D2F3AF2FE9DFDD0A22C" author="Harding, J. P." box="[436,597,331,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" pagination="153 - 56" refId="ref6338" refString="Harding, J. P. (1940) 7. Crustacea: Anostraca and Conchostraca. British Museum (Natural History) Expedition to South-West Arabia, 1937 - 8, 153 - 56." type="journal article" year="1940">Harding, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD339D2F39C5FE9DFCBDA22D" box="[643,824,331,356]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tucumanensis">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F39C5FE9DFCBDA22D" box="[643,824,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">L. tucumanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), with an abbreviated rostrum and
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD339D2F3FFBFE9DFF67A2C3" author="Karande, A. A. &amp; Inamdar, N. B." pageId="6" pageNumber="264" pagination="305 - 308" refId="ref6374" refString="Karande, A. A. &amp; Inamdar, N. B. (1960) A new species of the genus Leptestheriella from India. Indian Annual Magazine of Natural History, Series 13, 2 (17), 305 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935908650869" type="journal article" year="1960">Karande &amp; Inamdar (1960)</bibRefCitation>
depict a male specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD339D2F3955FEB9FD7CA2C0" authority="Sars, 1900" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1900" box="[531,761,367,393]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F3955FEB9FDF9A2C0" box="[531,636,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">L. nobilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD339D2F39C5FEB9FD7CA2C0" author="Sars, G. O." box="[643,761,367,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" pagination="3 - 30" refId="ref6754" refString="Sars, G. O. (1900) On some Indian Phyllopoda. Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab, 22, 3 - 30, IV pls." type="journal article" year="1900">Sars, 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD339D2F3861FEB9FB96A2C1" box="[807,1043,367,393]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F3861FEB9FB96A2C1" box="[807,1043,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">Leptestheriella gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with a short rostrum. Similarly, in
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD339D2F3BD1FE45FE53A2E4" author="Marincek, M. &amp; Petrov, B." box="[151,470,403,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" pagination="107 - 121" refId="ref6429" refString="Marincek, M. &amp; Petrov, B. (1992) On a new species of the genus Leptestheria G. O. Sars (Conchostraca, Crustacea). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum in Belgrade, B 47, 107 - 121." type="journal article" year="1992">Marinček &amp; Petrov’s (1992)</bibRefCitation>
paper on
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD339D2F3901FE45FCE8A2E4" box="[583,877,403,429]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahalacensis">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F3901FE45FCE8A2E4" box="[583,877,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">Leptestheria dahalacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Rüppell, in Straus-Dürckheim, 1837) (presented by them as
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD339D2F3A5AFE61FE0AA299" box="[284,399,439,464]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saetosa">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F3A5AFE61FE0AA299" box="[284,399,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">L. saetosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the authors depict variation within and between populations and illustrate
<specimenCount id="9D409D9BCD339D2F3FB3FE61FA18A298" box="[1269,1437,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
with an atypically abbreviated rostrum. However, in all these species the typical form has the rostrum proportionally longer than in
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD339D2F3A7CFE29FE5DA150" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1924" box="[314,472,511,537]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F3A7CFE29FE5DA150" box="[314,472,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">L. brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD339D2F3B81FDF5FB00A1E0" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">
It is not uncommon for the telsons to be sexually dimorphic in
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD339D2F38CEFDF5FB91A174" authorityName="Daday" authorityYear="1913" box="[904,1044,547,573]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F38CEFDF5FB91A174" box="[904,1044,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">Leptestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but nowhere is the dimorphism as pronounced as in this species. The male telson in
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD339D2F398EFD91FCE2A128" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1924" box="[712,871,583,609]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F398EFD91FCE2A128" box="[712,871,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">L. brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique among the
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD339D2F3F1DFD91FB69A128" authorityName="Linder" authorityYear="1945" box="[1115,1260,583,609]" class="Branchiopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinicaudata" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Spinicaudata</taxonomicName>
in that the posterior telson spiniform projections are directed dorsoposteriorly, and subparallel to the posterior telson surface. No other
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD339D2F3B9EFD59FEE1A1E0" authorityName="Daday" authorityYear="1913" box="[216,356,655,681]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F3B9EFD59FEE1A1E0" box="[216,356,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">Leptestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, let alone any other described spinicaudatan has the telson in this form.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD339D2F3B81FD65FE14A014" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">
Male
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD339D2F3A4EFD65FE2DA184" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1924" box="[264,424,691,717]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F3A4EFD65FE2DA184" box="[264,424,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">L. brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also unique in that the second clasper possesses a longitudinal, subrectangular lamellar projection on the base of the endopod just lateral of a line between the base of the endopod medial bend at the base of endite IV.
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD339D2F3A6CFD2DFD41A05C" authority="Spandl, 1925" authorityName="Spandl" authorityYear="1925" box="[298,708,762,789]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F3A6CFD2DFDADA05C" box="[298,552,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">Leptestheria orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD339D2F3976FD2DFD41A05C" author="Spandl, H." box="[560,708,762,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" pagination="89 - 95" refId="ref6842" refString="Spandl, H. (1925) Entomostraken von Borneo. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 38, 89 - 95." type="journal article" year="1925">Spandl, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Borneo has a low, rounded projection at the endopod base.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD339D2F3BD1FCC9FEF2A073" author="Rogers D. C. &amp; Dadseepai, P. &amp; Sanoamuang, L." box="[151,375,799,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" pagination="567 - 575" refId="ref6626" refString="Rogers D. C., Dadseepai, P. &amp; Sanoamuang, L. (2016) The spinicaudatan clam shrimps (Branchiopoda: Diplostraca) of Thailand. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 36, 567 - 575. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 1937240 X- 00002441" type="journal article" year="2016">
Rogers
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F3BABFCC9FEA0A070" box="[237,293,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD339D2F3AA9FCC9FD08A070" box="[495,653,799,825]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serracauda">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F3AA9FCC9FD08A070" box="[495,653,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">L. serracauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, depicting this species with an angular projection at the base of endite IV on the first clasper.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD339D2F3B81FCB1FC7FA080" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">The occipital condyle length varied in our material from 0.6x to 1.2x the length of the distance between the ocular tubercle and the occipital condyle base, with an average of 1.0x. In our comparative material of other species, the occipital condyle length ranged from 0.4 to 0.6x, with an average of 0.5x.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD339D2F3B81FC05FBCEA758" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">
The mitochondrial genome of
<taxonomicName id="4C462D91CD339D2F3964FC05FD47A0A4" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1924" box="[546,706,979,1005]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Leptestheriidae" genus="Leptestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F3964FC05FD47A0A4" box="[546,706,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">L. brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recently published (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD339D2F3899FC05FA8DA0A4" author="Emami-Khoyi, A. &amp; Tladi, M. &amp; Dalu, T. &amp; Teske, P. R. &amp; van Vuuren, J. &amp; Rogers, D. C. &amp; Nyamukondiwa, C. &amp; Wasserman, R." box="[991,1288,979,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" pagination="608 - 610" refId="ref6166" refString="Emami-Khoyi, A., Tladi, M., Dalu, T., Teske, P. R., van Vuuren, J., Rogers, D. C., Nyamukondiwa, C. &amp; Wasserman, R. (2021) The complete mitogenome of Leptestheria brevirostris Barnard, 1924, a rock pool clam shrimp (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) from Central District, Botswana. Mitochondrial DNA, Part B, 6, 608 - 610. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23802359.2021.1875898" type="journal article" year="2021">
Emami-Khoyi
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F3FCFFC05FB39A0A4" box="[1161,1212,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
), and will be useful in future molecular studies as more leptestheriid taxa are similarly sequenced.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C0599CD339D2F3B81FBCCFD31A678" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD339D2F3B81FBCCFAD8A710" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F3B81FBCCFEDCA77D" bold="true" box="[199,345,1050,1076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F3511682CD339D2F3A21FBCDFE42A77C" box="[359,455,1051,1077]" name="Namibia" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">Namibia</collectingCountry>
in Otjiwarango,
<collectingCountry id="F3511682CD339D2F39C5FBCDFD74A77C" box="[643,753,1051,1077]" name="Botswana" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">Botswana</collectingCountry>
in
<collectingRegion id="498298F0CD339D2F3852FBCDFC41A77C" box="[788,964,1051,1077]" country="Botswana" name="Central" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">Central District</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F3511682CD339D2F38BBFBCDFA90A77C" box="[1021,1301,1051,1077]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">Republic of South Africa</collectingCountry>
in
<collectingRegion id="498298F0CD339D2F3E71FBCDFF54A710" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
at Augrabies National Park. Surveys between these areas for additional localities should be undertaken.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD339D2F3B81FBB4FAD5A7E8" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F3B81FBB4FEA6A735" bold="true" box="[199,291,1122,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">Habitat</emphasis>
. Rock pools (gnammas); depressions in sandstone that fill with water from seasonal rainfall. These rock pools are dry most of the year. The typical wet season for all three sites is December through February.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95612CD339D2F3B81FB7DFD31A678" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">
The geology of the underlying rock at the locality in
<collectingCountry id="F3511682CD339D2F387DFB7DFC2CA78C" box="[827,937,1195,1221]" name="Botswana" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">Botswana</collectingCountry>
is characterized by medium to coarse size quartzarenites and arkose, with presence of feldspars and lenses of conglomerate to micro conglomerate. The area is characterised by rocky outcrops of the Tswapong Formation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72BE3CD339D2F3825FB25FBF4A644" author="Ermanovics, I. F. &amp; Key, R. M. &amp; Jones, M. T." box="[867,1137,1267,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="264" pagination="61 - 73" refId="ref6261" refString="Ermanovics, I. F., Key, R. M. &amp; Jones, M. T. (1978) The Palapye Group, central eastern Botswana. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 81, 61 - 73" type="journal article" year="1978">
Ermanovics
<emphasis id="B9328A00CD339D2F38B4FB25FBA6A644" box="[1010,1059,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">et al</emphasis>
., 1978
</bibRefCitation>
) and holds numerous rock pools. The site in
<collectingCountry id="F3511682CD339D2F3A19FAC1FE68A678" box="[351,493,1303,1329]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="264">South Africa</collectingCountry>
is a gneiss dome.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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