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<mods:title id="C33819CC96713AF9358A92965051C702">Comparative morphology and description of male of Dysschema amapoarum Moraes &amp; Duarte, 2015 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EF50844DBDA21C015A1046C64FFDAF58">Moraes, Simeão De Souza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EF46AF83333635429EFDEFE3751843FD">Duarte, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BF966312F1FEC04FF02ABB9FD0FFCE7" blockId="1.[151,744,760,821]" box="[151,744,760,787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<heading id="D0B1D15D2F1FEC04FF02ABB9FD0FFCE7" bold="true" box="[151,744,760,787]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1FEC04FF02ABB9FD0FFCE7" authority="Moraes &amp; Duarte, 2015" authorityName="Moraes &amp; Duarte" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,744,760,787]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amapoarum">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1FEC04FF02ABB9FD0FFCE7" bold="true" box="[151,744,760,787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1FEC04FF02ABB9FE5DFCE6" bold="true" box="[151,442,760,786]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Dysschema amapoarum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD71BC02F1FEC04FE54ABB8FD0FFCE7" author="Moraes" box="[449,744,761,787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" refString="Moraes, S. S &amp; Duarte, M. (2015) Description of four new species of tiger moth genus Dysschema Hubner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina). Zootaxa, 4006 (3), 540 - 550." type="journal article" year="2015">Moraes &amp; Duarte, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF966312F1FEC04FF02AA5DFEFFFCC1" blockId="1.[151,744,760,821]" box="[151,280,796,821]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
(
<figureCitation id="137D7AB42F1FEC04FF0AAA5DFEE8FCC1" box="[159,271,796,821]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStart-1="FIGURES 5 – 11" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1028,1051]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox-0="[187,1411,295,1005]" captionTargetBox-1="[198,1395,195,1920]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[187,1411,295,1014]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[198,1396,195,1923]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 4. Habitus of Dysschema amapoarum. 1. Male, dorsal view. 2. Male, ventral view. 3. Female, dorsal view. 4. Female, ventral view. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURES 5 – 11. Male genitalia of Dysschema amapoarum. 5. Genital capsule, lateral view. 6. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 7. Genital capsule, lateral view without the valva. 8. Genital capsule, frontal view without the valva. 9. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 10. Genital capsule, ventral view. 11. Aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/835976/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/835978/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Figs.1–11</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C35BA2F1FEC04FF02AA25FB91FC31" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF966312F1FEC04FF02AA25FB91FC31" blockId="1.[151,1437,868,2014]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1FEC04FF02AA25FEEDFC89" bold="true" box="[151,266,868,893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="9D40ADB82F1FEC04FE89AA25FED4FC88" box="[284,307,868,892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
). Tegulae with a reddish basal macula near outer margin. Ventral surface of forewing and hindwing with a red macula on the base of costal margin, discal region of hingwing semihyaline whitish. Abdomen ventrally with two yellow subventral stripes. Valva with subtriangular harpe and valvula vestigial.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C35BA2F1FEC04FF52AA8EFF16F916" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF966312F1FEC04FF52AA8EFF16F916" blockId="1.[151,1437,868,2014]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1FEC04FF52AA8EFEB6FC1C" bold="true" box="[199,337,975,1000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Description</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="9D40ADB82F1FEC04FEF1AA91FE9DFC1C" box="[356,378,976,1000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) (
<figureCitation id="137D7AB42F1FEC04FE00AA8EFDE3FC1C" box="[405,516,975,1000]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1028,1051]" captionTargetBox="[187,1411,295,1005]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[187,1411,295,1014]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Habitus of Dysschema amapoarum. 1. Male, dorsal view. 2. Male, ventral view. 3. Female, dorsal view. 4. Female, ventral view. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/835976/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1FEC04FD8EAA8EFDBDFC1C" bold="true" box="[539,602,975,1000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Head</emphasis>
. Predominantly brown. Vertex with white dots immediately posterior to ocelli and on the central region. Labial palpi brown. 
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1FEC04FD63AAB5FCA8FBF9" bold="true" box="[758,847,1012,1037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Thorax</emphasis>
. Predominantly brown. Prothoracic collar with two yellow maculae. Tegulae with macula of red scales on the basal region, near outer margin. Forewing predominantly brown, darker on outer and inner margins; two whitish semihyaline patches: (i) “Y” shaped on middle and subapical regions, from the trunk of R vein, reaching tornus and (ii) transverse band at the proximal region of wing, between the trunk of R and CuA2 vein; red macula on the base of the wing, on the trunk of R vein; dorsal and ventral surfaces similar in color pattern, with small macula of red scales on the basal region of costal margin. Hindwing with costal, outer and inner margins dark brown, discal region white; veins lined with dark brown scales and a dark brown macula on the region of closure of discal cell; submarginal band with faint white maculae between M3 and 1A; ventral surface with same dorsal pattern, but with red macula on the base of costal margin. 
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1FEC04FF02AC7CFEF4FAA2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1341,1366]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Dorsally brown with two pale light brown subdorsal stripes on A2 reaching A8; ventrally light brown with two lateral subventral stripes formed by quadrangular yellow maculae on the segments A2–A8. Tufts of reddish scales at the terminal portion of the abdomen. Genitalia (
<figureCitation id="137D7AB42F1FEC04FCE2ACC4FC16FA6A" box="[887,1009,1413,1438]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 11" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[198,1395,195,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1396,195,1923]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 11. Male genitalia of Dysschema amapoarum. 5. Genital capsule, lateral view. 6. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 7. Genital capsule, lateral view without the valva. 8. Genital capsule, frontal view without the valva. 9. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 10. Genital capsule, ventral view. 11. Aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/835978/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Figs. 5–11</figureCitation>
). Tegumen rectangular in dorsal view straight anteriorly, with acute posterolateral projections. Uncus bifid, not fused to the tegumen; arms of uncus fused in the anterior portion, ventrally projected. Valva subelliptical; costa with medial apodeme (lacinia) acute, distal apodeme oblique, extended by the inner surface of valva to its middle portion; sacculus developed, consisting of a fold on the inner surface of the valva, oriented towards distal-medial axis; harpe subtriangular; cucullus digitiform; valvula vestigial. Transtilla sclerotized not articulated with the valva and not fused to the juxta. Juxta sclerotized, shaped like an inverted “U”. Saccus without anterior projections. Subscaphium smooth. Aedeagus straight and smooth; ejaculatory bulb rounded, foramen lateral; vesica bilobed, apex of the lobe opposite the opening of ejaculatory duct sclerotized, lobe near to the ejaculatory duct smooth, everted portion of the ejaculatory duct smooth.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35C35BA2F1FEC04FF52AFACFCE7F886" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF966312F1FEC04FF52AFACFCE7F886" blockId="1.[151,1437,868,2014]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1FEC04FF52AFACFE87F8F2" bold="true" box="[199,352,1773,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Distribution.</emphasis>
The species has been recorded from only two localities in the Atlantic Rainforest, both in the State of 
<collectingRegion id="4982A8D32F1FEC04FF61AE53FE8EF8DE" box="[244,361,1809,1834]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F35126A12F1FEC04FEE1AE50FE5FF8DE" box="[372,440,1809,1834]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and apart around 100 kilometers each other. The female 
<typeStatus id="54FDD8932F1FEC04FBA9AE50FB79F8DE" box="[1084,1182,1809,1834]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected at Serra da Cantareira in 1931 (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD71BC02F1FEC04FE50AE77FD34F8BA" author="Moraes" box="[453,723,1845,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" refString="Moraes, S. S &amp; Duarte, M. (2015) Description of four new species of tiger moth genus Dysschema Hubner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina). Zootaxa, 4006 (3), 540 - 550." type="journal article" year="2015">Moraes &amp; Duarte, 2015</bibRefCitation>
), and all the males available to the present study were collected at Boraceia Biological Station between 
<date id="FFF840F12F1FEC04FDC7AE1BFD1BF886" box="[594,764,1881,1906]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" value="1947" valueMax="1957">1947 and 1957</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C35BA2F1FEC07FF52AE3CFB57FA49" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="287" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF966312F1FEC07FF52AE3CFAA9FF21" blockId="1.[151,1437,868,2014]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="287" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1FEC04FF52AE3CFEDCF862" bold="true" box="[199,315,1917,1942]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Remarks.</emphasis>
The specimens examined show no variation for the wing pattern. Surprisingly, all the field expeditions to this locality conducted by the MZSP posterior to the year of 1957 failed to collect a single specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1FEC04FF20AE87FEB8F829" authorityName="Moraes &amp; Duarte" authorityYear="2015" box="[181,351,1990,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amapoarum">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1FEC04FF20AE87FEB8F829" box="[181,351,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">D. amapoarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Most of the nocturnal collections in Boraceia Biological Station were and are held at a location known as &quot;castelinho&quot;, which is a research accommodation. Lauro Travassos idealized the construction of this accommodation on a hilltop whose external walls were painted white for the collection of nocturnal insects.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF966312F1CEC07FF02AD45FDF3FBCD" blockId="2.[151,1436,1028,1081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FF02AD45FEDBFBED" bold="true" box="[151,316,1028,1051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
Habitus of 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FE2FAD45FD57FBEE" authorityName="Moraes &amp; Duarte" authorityYear="2015" box="[442,688,1028,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amapoarum">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FE2FAD45FD57FBEE" box="[442,688,1028,1050]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Dysschema amapoarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 1. Male, dorsal view. 2. Male, ventral view. 3. Female, dorsal view. 4. Female, ventral view. Scale bar: 1cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF966312F1CEC07FF52AD21FDA4FAD8" blockId="2.[151,1436,1120,1685]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
The wing pattern of 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FE25AD20FDBCFB8C" authorityName="Moraes &amp; Duarte" authorityYear="2015" box="[432,603,1121,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amapoarum">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FE25AD20FDBCFB8C" box="[432,603,1121,1144]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D. amapoarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is quite similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FC11AD20FBE1FB8C" authorityName="Dognin" authorityYear="1919" box="[900,1030,1120,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosa">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FC11AD20FBE1FB8C" box="[900,1030,1120,1144]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D. luctuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137D7AB42F1CEC07FB82AD21FB8DFB8D" box="[1047,1130,1120,1145]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 31" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1297,1320]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1272]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1277]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 31. Comparative morphology of male genitalia and habitus. 12 – 16. D. amapoarum. 12. Habitus, dorsal view. 13. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 14. Genital capsule, lateral view. 15. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 16. Aedeagus, lateral view. 17 – 21. D. luctuosa. 17. Habitus, dorsal view. 18. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 19. Genital capsule, lateral view. 20. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 21. Aedeagus, lateral view. 22 – 26. D. picta. 22. Habitus, dorsal view. 23. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 24. Genital capsule, lateral view. 25. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 26. Aedeagus, lateral view. 27 – 31. D subapicalis. 27. Habitus, dorsal view. 28. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 29. Genital capsule, lateral view. 30. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 31. Aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/835980/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FB14AD20FB3BFB8C" box="[1153,1244,1121,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picta">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FB14AD20FB3BFB8C" box="[1153,1244,1121,1144]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D. picta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137D7AB42F1CEC07FB78AD21FAA7FB8D" box="[1261,1344,1120,1145]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 31" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1297,1320]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1272]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1277]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 31. Comparative morphology of male genitalia and habitus. 12 – 16. D. amapoarum. 12. Habitus, dorsal view. 13. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 14. Genital capsule, lateral view. 15. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 16. Aedeagus, lateral view. 17 – 21. D. luctuosa. 17. Habitus, dorsal view. 18. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 19. Genital capsule, lateral view. 20. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 21. Aedeagus, lateral view. 22 – 26. D. picta. 22. Habitus, dorsal view. 23. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 24. Genital capsule, lateral view. 25. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 26. Aedeagus, lateral view. 27 – 31. D subapicalis. 27. Habitus, dorsal view. 28. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 29. Genital capsule, lateral view. 30. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 31. Aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/835980/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FA14AD20FEF0FB69" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subapicalis">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FA14AD20FEF0FB69" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D. subapicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137D7AB42F1CEC07FEBFADC5FE64FB69" box="[298,387,1156,1181]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 31" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1297,1320]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1272]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1277]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 31. Comparative morphology of male genitalia and habitus. 12 – 16. D. amapoarum. 12. Habitus, dorsal view. 13. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 14. Genital capsule, lateral view. 15. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 16. Aedeagus, lateral view. 17 – 21. D. luctuosa. 17. Habitus, dorsal view. 18. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 19. Genital capsule, lateral view. 20. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 21. Aedeagus, lateral view. 22 – 26. D. picta. 22. Habitus, dorsal view. 23. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 24. Genital capsule, lateral view. 25. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 26. Aedeagus, lateral view. 27 – 31. D subapicalis. 27. Habitus, dorsal view. 28. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 29. Genital capsule, lateral view. 30. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 31. Aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/835980/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
). Superficially, 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FDA8ADC4FD0CFB68" authorityName="Moraes &amp; Duarte" authorityYear="2015" box="[573,747,1157,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amapoarum">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FDA8ADC4FD0CFB68" box="[573,747,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D. amapoarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FCBEADC4FC36FB69" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1854" box="[811,977,1157,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subapicalis">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FCBEADC4FC36FB69" box="[811,977,1157,1181]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D. subapicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished only by size, the former being larger than the latter. However, the genitalia are distinct (
<figureCitation id="137D7AB42F1CEC07FC78ADE9FB31FB35" box="[1005,1238,1192,1217]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 31" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1297,1320]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1272]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1277]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 31. Comparative morphology of male genitalia and habitus. 12 – 16. D. amapoarum. 12. Habitus, dorsal view. 13. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 14. Genital capsule, lateral view. 15. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 16. Aedeagus, lateral view. 17 – 21. D. luctuosa. 17. Habitus, dorsal view. 18. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 19. Genital capsule, lateral view. 20. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 21. Aedeagus, lateral view. 22 – 26. D. picta. 22. Habitus, dorsal view. 23. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 24. Genital capsule, lateral view. 25. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 26. Aedeagus, lateral view. 27 – 31. D subapicalis. 27. Habitus, dorsal view. 28. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 29. Genital capsule, lateral view. 30. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 31. Aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/835980/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Figs. 13–16, 28–31</figureCitation>
): tegumen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FA14ADE8FEF9FB10" authorityName="Moraes &amp; Duarte" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amapoarum">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FA14ADE8FEF9FB10" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D. amapoarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacking dorsal projections (present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FD5FAD8CFC8BFB11" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1854" box="[714,876,1229,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subapicalis">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FD5FAD8CFC8BFB11" box="[714,876,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D. subapicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); cuculus of 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FC6BAD8CFB40FB10" authorityName="Moraes &amp; Duarte" authorityYear="2015" box="[1022,1191,1229,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amapoarum">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FC6BAD8CFB40FB10" box="[1022,1191,1229,1252]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D. amapoarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more extended and lacking the corona (spines), which is present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FD3EADB0FCAAFAFC" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1854" box="[683,845,1264,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subapicalis">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FD3EADB0FCAAFAFC" box="[683,845,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D. subapicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the aedeagus of 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FB9AADB0FB5FFAFC" authorityName="Moraes &amp; Duarte" authorityYear="2015" box="[1039,1208,1265,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amapoarum">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FB9AADB0FB5FFAFC" box="[1039,1208,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D. amapoarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is typically straight, while it is contorted in 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FE0FAC54FDDBFAD9" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1854" box="[410,572,1301,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subapicalis">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FE0FAC54FDDBFAD9" box="[410,572,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D. subapicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF966312F1CEC07FF52AC79FB57FA49" blockId="2.[151,1436,1120,1685]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
Despite the similar habitus, 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FD92AC78FD55FAA4" authorityName="Moraes &amp; Duarte" authorityYear="2015" box="[519,690,1337,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amapoarum">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FD92AC78FD55FAA4" box="[519,690,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D. amapoarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FBA1AC78FB50FAA4" authorityName="Dognin" authorityYear="1919" box="[1076,1207,1336,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosa">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FBA1AC78FB50FAA4" box="[1076,1207,1336,1360]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D. luctuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FB64AC78FAABFAA4" box="[1265,1356,1337,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picta">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FB64AC78FAABFAA4" box="[1265,1356,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D. picta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the genital traits. The slender extended uncus, the extended digitiform cuculus, and the rectangular valvula (
<figureCitation id="137D7AB42F1CEC07FAA7AC1DFF53FA6D" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 31" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1297,1320]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1272]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1277]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 31. Comparative morphology of male genitalia and habitus. 12 – 16. D. amapoarum. 12. Habitus, dorsal view. 13. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 14. Genital capsule, lateral view. 15. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 16. Aedeagus, lateral view. 17 – 21. D. luctuosa. 17. Habitus, dorsal view. 18. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 19. Genital capsule, lateral view. 20. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 21. Aedeagus, lateral view. 22 – 26. D. picta. 22. Habitus, dorsal view. 23. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 24. Genital capsule, lateral view. 25. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 26. Aedeagus, lateral view. 27 – 31. D subapicalis. 27. Habitus, dorsal view. 28. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 29. Genital capsule, lateral view. 30. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 31. Aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/835980/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Figs. 13– 16</figureCitation>
) are found in a different condition in 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FDCFACC0FD3CFA6C" authorityName="Dognin" authorityYear="1919" box="[602,731,1408,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosa">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FDCFACC0FD3CFA6C" box="[602,731,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D. luctuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(shortened digitiform cuculus and rounded valvula) (
<figureCitation id="137D7AB42F1CEC07FAA6ACC1FF53FA49" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 31" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1297,1320]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1272]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1277]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 31. Comparative morphology of male genitalia and habitus. 12 – 16. D. amapoarum. 12. Habitus, dorsal view. 13. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 14. Genital capsule, lateral view. 15. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 16. Aedeagus, lateral view. 17 – 21. D. luctuosa. 17. Habitus, dorsal view. 18. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 19. Genital capsule, lateral view. 20. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 21. Aedeagus, lateral view. 22 – 26. D. picta. 22. Habitus, dorsal view. 23. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 24. Genital capsule, lateral view. 25. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 26. Aedeagus, lateral view. 27 – 31. D subapicalis. 27. Habitus, dorsal view. 28. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 29. Genital capsule, lateral view. 30. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 31. Aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/835980/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Figs. 18– 21</figureCitation>
) and in 
<taxonomicName id="4C461DB22F1CEC07FE9AACE4FE8DFA48" box="[271,362,1445,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picta">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FE9AACE4FE8DFA48" box="[271,362,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D. picta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(shortened uncus, pointed cuculus, and trapezoidal valvula) (
<figureCitation id="137D7AB42F1CEC07FB8CACE5FB44FA49" box="[1049,1187,1444,1469]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 31" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1297,1320]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1272]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1277]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 31. Comparative morphology of male genitalia and habitus. 12 – 16. D. amapoarum. 12. Habitus, dorsal view. 13. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 14. Genital capsule, lateral view. 15. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 16. Aedeagus, lateral view. 17 – 21. D. luctuosa. 17. Habitus, dorsal view. 18. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 19. Genital capsule, lateral view. 20. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 21. Aedeagus, lateral view. 22 – 26. D. picta. 22. Habitus, dorsal view. 23. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 24. Genital capsule, lateral view. 25. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 26. Aedeagus, lateral view. 27 – 31. D subapicalis. 27. Habitus, dorsal view. 28. Tegumen and uncus, dorsal view. 29. Genital capsule, lateral view. 30. Valva, lateral view of inner surface. 31. Aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/835980/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Figs. 23–26</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C35BA2F1CEC07FF52AC89FC55F961" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF966312F1CEC07FF52AC89FC55F961" blockId="2.[151,1436,1120,1685]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<materialsCitation id="3B2E6C6C2F1CEC07FF52AC89FCBFF9F1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1584062369" collectingDate="1950-01-15" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="Travassos &amp; Travassos Filho &amp; Rabello" country="Brazil" county="Material" elevation="850" location="Estacao Biologica de Boraceia" municipality="Salesopolis" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="851" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Brazil. Sao Paulo">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FF52AC89FDE2FA15" bold="true" box="[199,517,1480,1505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<collectingCounty id="62981EBD2F1CEC07FF52AC89FEC8FA15" box="[199,303,1480,1505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Material</collectingCounty>
examined. 
<collectingRegion id="4982A8D32F1CEC07FE29AC89FDE2FA15" box="[444,517,1480,1505]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<collectingCountry id="F35126A12F1CEC07FE29AC89FDE2FA15" box="[444,517,1480,1505]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4982A8D32F1CEC07FD83AC89FD68FA15" box="[534,655,1480,1505]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B932BA232F1CEC07FD83AC89FD68FA15" bold="true" box="[534,655,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">São Paulo</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9DFC4B2F1CEC07FD35AC89FCC5FA15" box="[672,802,1480,1505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Salesópolis</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E9930EA2F1CEC07FCA5AC88FB75FA15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EFD7272F1FEC07FF02ABB9FC55F961:8E9930EA2F1CEC07FCA5AC88FB75FA15" box="[816,1170,1480,1505]" country="Brazil" county="Material" municipality="Salesopolis" name="Estacao Biologica de Boraceia" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" stateProvince="Brazil. Sao Paulo">Estação Biológica de Boraceia</location>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D40ADB82F1CEC07FB35AC89FB00FA15" box="[1184,1255,1480,1505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" type="generic">
<elevation id="006B81022F1CEC07FB35AC89FB05FA15" box="[1184,1250,1480,1505]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="850.0">
<quantity id="4CBECBD42F1CEC07FB35AC89FB05FA15" box="[1184,1250,1480,1505]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="850.0">850m</quantity>
</elevation>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l, 
<collectingDate id="EFBCB9192F1CEC07FAB8AC89FA7BFA15" box="[1325,1436,1480,1505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" value="1950-01-15">
<date id="FFF840F12F1CEC07FAB8AC89FA7BFA15" box="[1325,1436,1480,1505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" value="1950-01-15">15-i-1950</date>
</collectingDate>
<collectorName id="26B303E72F1CEC07FF02ACACFEEEF9F0" box="[151,265,1517,1540]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Travassos</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26B303E72F1CEC07FE8FACACFE37F9F1" box="[282,464,1516,1541]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Travassos Filho</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26B303E72F1CEC07FD95ACADFDB0F9F1" box="[512,599,1516,1541]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Rabello</collectorName>
col, 
<specimenCount id="9D40ADB82F1CEC07FD0EACACFD0BF9F1" box="[667,748,1516,1541]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED57FEF42F1CEC07FC94ACACFCB7F9F1" box="[769,848,1517,1541]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">MZSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<date id="FFF840F12F1CEC07FCFCACADFC17F9F1" box="[873,1008,1516,1541]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" value="1948-12-20">20-xii-1948</date>
, Travassos &amp; Ventel col., 23 males (MZSP); 
<quantity id="4CBECBD42F1CEC07FE9DAF51FEACF9DD" box="[264,331,1552,1577]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="850.0">850m</quantity>
. a.s.l., 27/ 
<date id="FFF840F12F1CEC07FE5EAF51FDB7F9DD" box="[459,592,1552,1577]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" value="1948-12-29">29-xii-1948</date>
, Travassos &amp; Ex. Rabello col., 15 males (MZSP); 
<date id="FFF840F12F1CEC07FB56AF50FACBF9DD" box="[1219,1324,1553,1577]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" value="1948-05-09">9-v-1948</date>
, Rabello, Travassos &amp; Costa col., 12 males (MZSP); 12/ 
<date id="FFF840F12F1CEC07FD35AF75FCE8F9B9" box="[672,783,1588,1613]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" value="1948-01-17">17-i-1948</date>
, L Travassos &amp; D Braz col., 5 males (MZSP); 
<date id="FFF840F12F1CEC07FA82AF75FA98F9B9" box="[1303,1407,1588,1613]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" value="1954-05-09">9-v-1954</date>
, L T F col., 1 male (MZSP); 
<date id="FFF840F12F1CEC07FE5FAF19FDA7F985" box="[458,576,1624,1649]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" value="1952-05-24">24-v-1952</date>
, Travassos, Travassos-Filho &amp; A Pearson col., 11 males (MZSP); 17/ 
<date id="FFF840F12F1CEC07FAF3AF19FF35F961" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" value="1957-01-19">19-i- 1957</date>
, L.G. E. Buckup, M. Carrera &amp; L Travassos col., 1 male (MZSP).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>