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<document id="2DCB15347336F2785BB22191064DCC51" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.235.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13631327" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725310362704" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Meesim, Sanya, Poengsungnoen, Vasun, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Schumm, Felix &amp; Kalb, Klaus" docDate="2015" docId="03EF7631FFCE6A53FF584B27FA97F8AA" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.235.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 235 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.235.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Heterodermia comosa Follmann &amp; Redon, Willdenowia" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="450" masterDocId="FFD60E49FFFF6A62FFCF4960FF8EFF81" masterDocTitle="The lichen family Physciaceae in Thailand-II. Contributions to the genus Heterodermia sensu lato" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="448" pageNumber="448" updateTime="1725311109013" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7B85202BF1E4A5041D41C49F1E12CCC0">The lichen family Physciaceae in Thailand-II. Contributions to the genus Heterodermia sensu lato</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2A8A8492B9BB97DB4EACFC29A9AD0692">Mongkolsuk, Pachara</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7836A14C8AA79CA2200DB7581D451B02">Lichen Research Unit, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Ramkhamhaeng 24 road, Bangkok, 10240 Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="995AF554194A81555A9D9B18C684BA65">Meesim, Sanya</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3B360F1A3BC1D77447522C31AE3D5CDC">Lichen Research Unit, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Ramkhamhaeng 24 road, Bangkok, 10240 Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="87F325301A71DB43B9E279FF6607CE4E">Poengsungnoen, Vasun</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8D985CA8DB345BE460A5D8B45504F121">Lichen Research Unit, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Ramkhamhaeng 24 road, Bangkok, 10240 Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D4AA203915C2A1A7B6DD3B3C437541E8">Buaruang, Kawinnat</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E613E880A3F88CD60D75138629A8973B">Lichen Research Unit, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Ramkhamhaeng 24 road, Bangkok, 10240 Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="21FF55F1E67E82ED87E45B1A3ACB9188">Schumm, Felix</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="08A16D86C0CB2B2C1A4E453DF0121129">Mozartstrasse 9, D- 73117 Wangen, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7BF969D972F6F1727D34B0249A41F4D3">Kalb, Klaus</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F1973483AFE616F2024CB1F8C1F131AB">Lichen Research Unit, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Ramkhamhaeng 24 road, Bangkok, 10240 Thailand. &amp; Lichenologisches Institut Neumarkt, Im Tal 12, D- 92318 Neumarkt, Germany. Email: klaus. kalb @ arcor. de &amp; Lichen Research Unit, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Ramkhamhaeng 24 road, Bangkok, 10240 Thailand. &amp; University of Regensburg, Institute of Plant Sciences, Universitätsstraβe 31, D- 39040 Regensburg, Germany Corresponding author-email: pm-tamrapap @ ru. ac. th &amp; Lichen Research Unit, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Ramkhamhaeng 24 road, Bangkok, 10240 Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C35C94ACFFCE6A53FF584B27FA87FDE1" box="[151,1289,583,608]" pageId="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF9C727FFCE6A53FF584B27FA87FDE1" blockId="49.[151,1289,583,608]" box="[151,1289,583,608]" pageId="49">
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FF584B27FF22FDE1" bold="true" box="[151,172,583,608]" pageId="49">2.</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AE7E136FFCE6A53FF7D4B27FBB4FDE1" author="Follmann &amp; Redon" box="[178,1082,583,608]" journal="Willdenowia" page="446" pageId="49" score="9.729594737742866" volume="6" year="1972">
<taxonomicName id="4C46BCA4FFCE6A53FF7D4B27FC10FDE1" ID-CoL="3L95S" authority="(Eschw.) Follmann &amp; Redon, Willdenowia" authorityName="Follmann &amp; Redon, Willdenowia" baseAuthorityName="Eschw." box="[178,926,583,608]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Physciaceae" genus="Heterodermia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Caliciales" pageId="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="comosa">
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FF7D4B27FC86FDE1" bold="true" box="[178,776,583,608]" pageId="49">
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FF7D4B27FE22FDDE" bold="true" box="[178,428,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="49">Heterodermia comosa</emphasis>
(Eschw.) Follmann &amp; Redón,
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Willdenowia
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6: 446 (1972)
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(
<figureCitation id="137DDBA2FFCE6A53FB874B27FB2BFDE1" box="[1096,1189,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1766,1787]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,275,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-166@4.[151,1436,267,1745]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Heterodermia pseudospeciosa, longitudinal section through thallus showing the periclinal hyphae of the upper cortex forming a prosoplectenchyma characterizing Heterodermia s.lat. (scale 20 µm). B. Physcia erumpens, longitudinal section through thallus showing the anticlinal hyphae of the upper cortex forming a paraplectenchyma, characteristic for Physcia s.lat. C. Leucodermia leucomelos f. albociliata, lobes dichotomously branched, ribbon-like with conspicuous long marginal rhizines. D. Polyblastidium subneglectum (Elix) Kalb, comb. nov., Mycobank MB 813851, Basionym: Heterodermia subneglecta Elix, Australas. Lichenol. 68: 17 (2011), lobes irregularly to sympodially branched, appressed to the substrate not or only slightly ascending towards the tips. E. Heterodermia galactophylla, tufts of apically ascending lobes with white marginal rhizines. F. Heterodermia comosa, thallus subfruticose, lobes affixed mainly near the base, with paddle-shaped tips and white cilia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631329/files/figure.png" pageId="49">Figs. 1F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="137DDBA2FFCE6A53FB7E4B27FA8CFDE1" box="[1201,1282,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,244,1923,1944]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,437,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-225@8.[151,1436,426,1904]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Heterodermia comosa, cilia orginating from the upper surface (scale 2 mm). B. Heterodermia comosa, cilia orginating from the exciple of the apothecia (scale 1 mm). C. Heterodermia echinata, white marginal rhizines, some becoming dark at the tips (scale 5 mm). D. Leucodermia leucomelos f. albociliata, ± white, simple marginal rhizines (scale 5 mm). E. Leucodermia boryi, black branched marginal rhizines (scale 0.5 cm). F. Polyblastidium propaguliferum, black, branched, marginal rhizines (scale 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631335/files/figure.png" pageId="49">4A, 4B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9C727FFCE6A53FF584BEFFE84FC9B" blockId="49.[151,1437,655,794]" pageId="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C46BCA4FFCE6A53FF584BEFFE1DFD25" authority="Eschw." authorityName="Eschw." box="[151,403,655,676]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="comosa">
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FF584BEFFECDFD25" box="[151,323,655,676]" italics="true" pageId="49">Parmelia comosa</emphasis>
Eschw.
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, in K.F.P. von Martius, Icon. 
<bibCitation id="5E6CCF4BFFCE6A53FD754BEFFC37FD25" box="[698,953,655,676]" journal="Pl. Cryptog." page="26" pageId="49" score="0.003640472263352152" volume="2" year="1828">Pl. Cryptog. 2: 26 (1828)</bibCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C46BCA4FFCE6A53FC094BEFFEBEFD43" authority="(Eschw.) A. Massal., Mem. Lichenogr." authorityName="A. Massal., Mem. Lichenogr." baseAuthorityName="Eschw." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Physciaceae" genus="Anaptychia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Caliciales" pageId="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="comosa">
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FC094BEFFB0BFD25" box="[966,1157,655,676]" italics="true" pageId="49">Anaptychia comosa</emphasis>
(Eschw.) A. Massal., Mem. Lichenogr.
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39 (1853); 
<taxonomicName id="4C46BCA4FFCE6A53FE6D4BCDFCF3FD43" authority="(Eschw.) Nyl., Syn. Meth. Lich." baseAuthorityName="Eschw." box="[418,893,685,706]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Physciaceae" genus="Physcia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Caliciales" pageId="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="comosa">
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FE6D4BCDFDB1FD43" box="[418,575,685,706]" italics="true" pageId="49">Physcia comosa</emphasis>
(Eschw.) Nyl., Syn. Meth. Lich.
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1(2): 416 (1860). Type:— 
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. 
<collectingRegion id="498209C5FFCE6A53FB2D4BCDFA81FD43" box="[1250,1295,685,706]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="49">Pará</collectingRegion>
; near Porta de Môz, on branches of tree; not located but based on illustration tab. XII, fig. 1, fide S.Kurokawa, Beih. 
<bibCitation id="5E6CCF4BFFCE6A53FB734BAAFE84FD7D" journal="Nova Hedwigia" page="103" pageId="49" score="202.82472018338322" volume="6" year="1962">Nova Hedwigia 6: 103 (1962)</bibCitation>
. 
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(designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7BAD6FFCE6A53FE394B87FD6BFD7D" author="Moberg, R. &amp; Nash III, T. H." box="[502,741,743,764]" pageId="49" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref54540" refString="Moberg, R. &amp; Nash III, T. H. (1999) The genus Heterodermia in the Sonoran Desert area. The Bryologist 102 (1): 1 - 14. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3244452" type="journal article" year="1999">Moberg &amp; Nash, 1999: 4</bibRefCitation>
):— 
<collectingCountry id="F35187B7FFCE6A53FCC64B87FCE8FD7D" box="[777,870,743,764]" name="Brazil" pageId="49">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="498209C5FFCE6A53FCA14B87FC7FFD7D" box="[878,1009,743,764]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="49">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
, Caldas, ad arbores, 
<date id="FFF8E1E7FFCE6A53FB784B87FABAFD7D" box="[1207,1332,743,764]" pageId="49" value="1873-08">August 1873</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FAF04B87FA12FD7D" box="[1343,1436,743,764]" italics="true" pageId="49">H. Mosén</emphasis>
(UPS!)
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B2ECD7AFFCE6A53FF584A26FEC4FB6A" collectionCode="K, C, P" county="South American" location="Thallus" municipality="Lower" pageId="49" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="epitype">
<location id="8E9991FCFFCE6A53FF584A26FF63FCDE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF7631FFCE6A53FF584B27FA97F8AA:8E9991FCFFCE6A53FF584A26FF63FCDE" box="[151,237,838,863]" county="South American" municipality="Lower" name="Thallus" pageId="49">Thallus</location>
foliose to subfruticose, forming small rosettes or tufts of ascending lobes, 
<quantity id="4CBE6AC2FFCE6A53FB9C4A26FB27FCDF" box="[1107,1193,838,863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="49" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.0">3–7 cm</quantity>
wide. 
<location id="8E9991FCFFCE6A53FB374A26FAB0FCDE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF7631FFCE6A53FF584B27FA97F8AA:8E9991FCFFCE6A53FB374A26FAB0FCDE" box="[1272,1342,838,863]" county="South American" municipality="Lower" name="Lobes" pageId="49">Lobes</location>
0.7–5.0 (–8.0) mm wide, sublinear, spathulate or paddle-shaped, convex, rarely branched, ascending or suberect, partially imbricate, with rounded apices when sterile, ciliate; cilia prominent, usually simple, marginal and laminal, whitish, 
<quantity id="4CBE6AC2FFCE6A53FF584AD2FF78FC4B" box="[151,246,946,971]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="49" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
long. 
<location id="8E9991FCFFCE6A53FE8F4AD3FE09FC4B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF7631FFCE6A53FF584B27FA97F8AA:8E9991FCFFCE6A53FE8F4AD3FE09FC4B" box="[320,391,947,970]" county="South American" municipality="Lower" name="Upper" pageId="49">Upper</location>
surface white to grayish white, sorediate; soredia on the undersides of lobe tips; marginal rhizines whitish, mostly simple, sometimes furcate or irregularly ramified. 
<location id="8E9991FCFFCE6A53FBE04AB6FB1CFC6E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF7631FFCE6A53FF584B27FA97F8AA:8E9991FCFFCE6A53FBE04AB6FB1CFC6E" box="[1071,1170,982,1007]" county="South American" municipality="Lower" name="Medulla" pageId="49">Medulla</location>
white. 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9D5D5DFFCE6A53FB204AB7FAB2FC6F" box="[1263,1340,983,1006]" pageId="49">Lower</collectingMunicipality>
surface ecorticate, arachnoid, uniformly white (
<collectingCounty id="6298BFABFFCE6A53FDAB4A9AFCACFB92" box="[612,802,1018,1043]" pageId="49">South American</collectingCounty>
material, including the 
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, partly yellow-brown), apically sorediate when sterile, erhizinate. Apothecia subterminal to terminal on ascending lobes, substipitate, 1–5(–10) mm wide; margin crenate or lobulate, ciliate; disc dark brown, densely whitish gray pruinose. Ascospores 
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FF584D06FEA2FBFE" box="[151,300,1126,1151]" italics="true" pageId="49">Polyblastidia</emphasis>
-type, narrowly ellipsoid to fusiform, with 2–3 sporoblastidia, 31–35 × 13–16 µm. Pycnidia not seen. Chemistry: Cortex 
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+ yellow, 
<collectionCode id="ED575FE2FFCE6A53FDCE4DEAFD9BFB22" box="[513,533,1162,1187]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="49" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
–, KC–, 
<collectionCode id="ED575FE2FFCE6A53FDB74DEBFD06FB23" box="[632,648,1163,1186]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="49" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
+ yellow; medulla 
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+ yellow, 
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–, 
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–; pigmented lower surface 
<collectionCode id="ED575FE2FFCE6A53FAB74DEBFA03FB23" box="[1400,1421,1163,1186]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="49" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
+ violet; containing atranorin (major), zeorin (major), 6α-acetoxyhopane-16β,22-diol (minor), ± 7-chloroemodin (minor to trace)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C94ACFFCE6A53FF094D96FB6AFAB2" pageId="49" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF9C727FFCE6A53FF094D96FB6AFAB2" blockId="49.[151,1437,838,1835]" pageId="49">
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FF094D96FE67FA8E" bold="true" box="[198,489,1270,1295]" pageId="49">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
:—Occurs on the twigs or trees and shrubs in a garden situated in forest remnants at 
<quantity id="4CBE6AC2FFCE6A53FF584C7AFE98FAB3" box="[151,278,1306,1331]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="49" unit="m" value="775.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="750.0">750–800 m</quantity>
above sea level; also in 
<collectingCountry id="F35187B7FFCE6A53FDE74C7AFD1FFAB2" box="[552,657,1306,1331]" name="Australia" pageId="49">Australia</collectingCountry>
, North, Central and South America, Africa and Asia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C94ACFFCE6A53FF094C5EFDB0FA66" pageId="49" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF9C727FFCE6A53FF094C5EFDB0FA66" blockId="49.[151,1437,838,1835]" pageId="49">
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FF094C5EFEBDFAD6" bold="true" box="[198,307,1342,1367]" pageId="49">Remarks</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FEF44C5EFED9FAD6" bold="true" box="[315,343,1342,1367]" pageId="49">—</emphasis>
This lichen is characterized by spathulate or paddle-shaped lobes with cilia on the upper surface, and soralia beneath lobe apices. It is possible that the type 
<taxonomicName id="4C46BCA4FFCE6A53FC9B4C03FC4BFAFA" box="[852,965,1378,1403]" pageId="49" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="from">race from</taxonomicName>
South America, with the yellow-brown pigmented lower surface, is a different species to the Palaeotropical taxon. However, specimens lacking the anthraquinone (7-chloroemodin) are also known from the Neotropics. The anthraquinone is distinctly visible on the 
<typeStatus id="54FD7985FFCE6A53FF584CAEFF63FA66" box="[151,237,1486,1511]" pageId="49" type="epitype">epitype</typeStatus>
, which was collected in 1873.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C94ACFFCE6A53FF094C92FA97F8AA" pageId="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF9C727FFCE6A53FF094C92FE31F9D2" blockId="49.[151,1437,838,1835]" pageId="49">
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FF094C92FE6FF98A" bold="true" box="[198,481,1522,1547]" pageId="49">Material reported from</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B2ECD7AFFCE6A53FE264C92FE35F9D2" collectingDate="2004-07-01" collectingDateMax="2004-07-03" collectingDateMin="2004-07-01" collectionCode="ABL" country="Thailand" elevation="775" latitude="19.119722" location="Pae" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="98.733604" municipality="Mushroom Research Centre" pageId="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FE264C92FDD8F98A" bold="true" box="[489,598,1522,1547]" pageId="49">
<collectingCountry id="F35187B7FFCE6A53FE264C92FDD8F98A" box="[489,598,1522,1547]" name="Thailand" pageId="49">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:— 
<collectingRegion id="498209C5FFCE6A53FDB84C92FC8DF98A" box="[631,771,1522,1547]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="49">Chiang Mai</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9D5D5DFFCE6A53FCC04C92FBC2F98A" box="[783,1100,1522,1547]" pageId="49">Mushroom Research Centre</collectingMunicipality>
along road to 
<location id="8E9991FCFFCE6A53FB3E4C93FA92F98B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF7631FFCE6A53FF584B27FA97F8AA:8E9991FCFFCE6A53FB3E4C93FA92F98B" box="[1265,1308,1523,1546]" country="Thailand" latitude="19.119722" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="98.733604" municipality="Mushroom Research Centre" name="Pae" pageId="49" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">Pae</location>
, on bark in 
<taxonomicName id="4C46BCA4FFCE6A53FF584F76FF70F9AE" box="[151,254,1558,1583]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Camellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FF584F76FF70F9AE" box="[151,254,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="49">Camellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
garden in forest remnants, 
<quantity id="4CBE6AC2FFCE6A53FDFB4F76FD38F9AF" box="[564,694,1558,1583]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="49" unit="m" value="775.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="750.0">
<elevation id="006B2014FFCE6A53FDFB4F76FD38F9AF" box="[564,694,1558,1583]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="49" unit="m" value="775.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="750.0">750–800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE72A1E0FFCE6A53FD0D4F76FCC1F9AF" box="[706,847,1558,1583]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" precision="15" seconds="11" value="19.119722">19°07'11'' N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE72A1E0FFCE6A53FC954F76FC6AF9AF" box="[858,996,1558,1583]" degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" precision="15" seconds="01" value="98.733604">98°44'01'' E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFF8E1E7FFCE6A53FC3E4F76FB1AF9AE" box="[1009,1172,1558,1583]" pageId="49" value="2004-07-01" valueMax="2004-07-03" valueMin="2004-07-01">
<collectingDate id="EFBC180FFFCE6A53FC3E4F76FB1AF9AE" box="[1009,1172,1558,1583]" pageId="49" value="2004-07-01" valueMax="2004-07-03" valueMin="2004-07-01">1–3 July 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FB6F4F77FACCF9AE" box="[1184,1346,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="49">Aptroot 61359</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED575FE2FFCE6A53FA9D4F76FA1EF9AE" box="[1362,1424,1558,1583]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12548" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12548" name="Adviesbureau voor Bryologie en Lichenologie" pageId="49" type="Herbarium">ABL</collectionCode>
). (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7BAD6FFCE6A53FF514F5AFE3CF9D2" author="Aptroot, A. &amp; Saipunkaew, W. &amp; Sipman, H. J. M. &amp; Sparrius, L. B. &amp; Wolseley, P. A." box="[158,434,1594,1619]" pageId="49" pagination="75 - 134" refId="ref52066" refString="Aptroot, A., Saipunkaew, W., Sipman, H. J. M., Sparrius, L. B. &amp; Wolseley, P. A. (2007) New lichens from Thailand, mainly microlichens from Chiang Mai. Fungal Diversity 24: 75 - 134." type="journal article" year="2007">
Aptroot 
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FF314F5BFEB8F9D2" box="[254,310,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="49">et al.</emphasis>
2007: 104
</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9C727FFCE6A53FF094F3EFA97F8AA" blockId="49.[151,1437,838,1835]" pageId="49">
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FF094F3EFDACF9F6" bold="true" box="[198,546,1630,1655]" pageId="49">Selected specimens examined</emphasis>
: 
<materialsCitation id="3B2ECD7AFFCE6A53FDFE4F3EFC1FF93E" collectingDate="1978-09-07" collectingDateMax="1978-09-11" collectingDateMin="1978-09-07" collectionCode="E, K, G" collectorName="da Mantiqueira &amp; Vila Monte Verde" country="Brazil" elevation="1850" latitude="-22.833334" location="Camanducaia" longLatPrecision="1258" longitude="-46.0" municipality="Serra da Mantiqueira" pageId="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<collectingCountry id="F35187B7FFCE6A53FDFE4F3EFD14F9F6" box="[561,666,1630,1655]" name="Brazil" pageId="49">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="498209C5FFCE6A53FD6B4F3EFCB0F9F6" box="[676,830,1630,1655]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="49">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9D5D5DFFCE6A53FC874F3EFBB6F9F6" box="[840,1080,1630,1655]" pageId="49">
Serra 
<collectorName id="26B3A2F1FFCE6A53FC454F3EFBB6F9F6" box="[906,1080,1630,1655]" pageId="49">da Mantiqueira</collectorName>
</collectingMunicipality>
; 
<collectorName id="26B3A2F1FFCE6A53FB8C4F3EFA82F9F6" box="[1091,1292,1630,1655]" pageId="49">Vila Monte Verde</collectorName>
, ca. 
<quantity id="4CBE6AC2FFCE6A53FAF14F3EFA0BF9F6" box="[1342,1413,1630,1655]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="49" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED575FE2FFCE6A53FA444F3FFA12F9F7" box="[1419,1436,1631,1654]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="49" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
of 
<location id="8E9991FCFFCE6A53FF794FE2FEDDF91A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF7631FFCE6A53FF584B27FA97F8AA:8E9991FCFFCE6A53FF794FE2FEDDF91A" box="[182,339,1666,1691]" country="Brazil" latitude="-22.833334" longLatPrecision="1258" longitude="-46.0" municipality="Serra da Mantiqueira" name="Camanducaia" pageId="49" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Camanducaia</location>
, on a deciduous tree at the edge of in a light and ± dry forest, 
<quantity id="4CBE6AC2FFCE6A53FBD64FE2FBFCF91B" box="[1049,1138,1666,1691]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="49" unit="m" value="1850.0">
<elevation id="006B2014FFCE6A53FBD64FE2FBFCF91B" box="[1049,1138,1666,1691]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="49" unit="m" value="1850.0">1850 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE72A1E0FFCE6A53FBB14FE2FB6AF91A" box="[1150,1252,1666,1691]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" precision="925" value="-22.833334">22°50’ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE72A1E0FFCE6A53FB3E4FE2FAD7F91A" box="[1265,1369,1666,1691]" degrees="46" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" precision="925" value="-46.0">46°00’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFF8E1E7FFCE6A53FAAA4FE2FED8F93E" pageId="49" value="1978-09-07" valueMax="1978-09-11" valueMin="1978-09-07">
<collectingDate id="EFBC180FFFCE6A53FAAA4FE2FED8F93E" pageId="49" value="1978-09-07" valueMax="1978-09-11" valueMin="1978-09-07">7–11 September 1978</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FEAC4FC7FDC1F93E" box="[355,591,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="49">
<collectionCode id="ED575FE2FFCE6A53FEAC4FC7FEF7F93F" box="[355,377,1703,1726]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="49" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. Kalb &amp; 
<collectionCode id="ED575FE2FFCE6A53FE2B4FC7FE77F93F" box="[484,505,1703,1726]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="49" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
. Plöbst
</emphasis>
(herb. Kalb 37798); Brazil
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B2ECD7AFFCE6A53FC534FC6FE39F886" collectingDate="1978-07-08" collectionCode="K, G" collectorName="Caraca" country="Brazil" elevation="1450" latitude="-20.166666" location="Serra do Caraca" longLatPrecision="1268" longitude="-43.5" municipality="Serra do Espinhaco" pageId="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<collectingRegion id="498209C5FFCE6A53FC534FC6FBB2F93E" box="[924,1084,1702,1727]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="49">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9D5D5DFFCE6A53FB874FC6FAA0F93E" box="[1096,1326,1702,1727]" pageId="49">Serra do Espinhaço</collectingMunicipality>
; 
<location id="8E9991FCFFCE6A53FAF54FC6FF66F962" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF7631FFCE6A53FF584B27FA97F8AA:8E9991FCFFCE6A53FAF54FC6FF66F962" country="Brazil" latitude="-20.166666" longLatPrecision="1268" longitude="-43.5" municipality="Serra do Espinhaco" name="Serra do Caraca" pageId="49" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Serra do Caraça</location>
, above the monastery 
<collectorName id="26B3A2F1FFCE6A53FE2C4FAAFDBDF962" box="[483,563,1738,1763]" pageId="49">Caraça</collectorName>
, in an open cerrado, 
<quantity id="4CBE6AC2FFCE6A53FCD04FAAFCF9F963" box="[799,887,1738,1763]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="49" unit="m" value="1450.0">
<elevation id="006B2014FFCE6A53FCD04FAAFCF9F963" box="[799,887,1738,1763]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="49" unit="m" value="1450.0">1450 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE72A1E0FFCE6A53FC4C4FAAFC66F962" box="[899,1000,1738,1763]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" precision="925" value="-20.166666">20°10’ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE72A1E0FFCE6A53FC3A4FAAFBEAF963" box="[1013,1124,1738,1763]" degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" precision="925" value="-43.5">43°30’ W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFF8E1E7FFCE6A53FBA04FAAFB72F962" box="[1135,1276,1738,1763]" pageId="49" value="1978-07-08">
<collectingDate id="EFBC180FFFCE6A53FBA04FAAFB72F962" box="[1135,1276,1738,1763]" pageId="49" value="1978-07-08">8. July 1978</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FAC74FABFF51F886" italics="true" pageId="49">
<collectionCode id="ED575FE2FFCE6A53FAC74FABFA90F963" box="[1288,1310,1739,1762]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="49" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. Kalb &amp; 
<collectionCode id="ED575FE2FFCE6A53FA4B4FABFA16F963" box="[1412,1432,1739,1762]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="49" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
. Plöbst
</emphasis>
(herb. Kalb 37787)
</materialsCitation>
— 
<materialsCitation id="3B2ECD7AFFCE6A53FE1C4F8EFA9BF8AA" collectingDate="1980-06-06" collectionCode="K" collectorName="Gran Chaco" country="Paraguay" elevation="250" latitude="-22.116667" location="Filadelfia" longLatPrecision="1261" longitude="-60.5" pageId="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Presidente Hayes">
<collectingCountry id="F35187B7FFCE6A53FE1C4F8EFDE0F886" box="[467,622,1774,1799]" name="Paraguay" pageId="49">PARAGUAY</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="498209C5FFCE6A53FDB64F8EFCB1F886" box="[633,831,1774,1799]" country="Paraguay" name="Presidente Hayes" pageId="49">Presidente Hayes</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectorName id="26B3A2F1FFCE6A53FC854F8EFC5AF886" box="[842,980,1774,1799]" pageId="49">Gran Chaco</collectorName>
; ca. 
<quantity id="4CBE6AC2FFCE6A53FBC94F8EFBC0F886" box="[1030,1102,1774,1799]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="49" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
NW of 
<location id="8E9991FCFFCE6A53FB664F8EFA99F886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF7631FFCE6A53FF584B27FA97F8AA:8E9991FCFFCE6A53FB664F8EFA99F886" box="[1193,1303,1774,1799]" country="Paraguay" latitude="-22.116667" longLatPrecision="1261" longitude="-60.5" name="Filadelfia" pageId="49" stateProvince="Presidente Hayes">Filadelfia</location>
, at the edge of a dense forest with many cacti, 
<quantity id="4CBE6AC2FFCE6A53FDD84E72FDEEF8AB" box="[535,608,1810,1835]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="49" unit="m" value="250.0">
<elevation id="006B2014FFCE6A53FDD84E72FDEEF8AB" box="[535,608,1810,1835]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="49" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE72A1E0FFCE6A53FDA34E72FD49F8AA" box="[620,711,1810,1835]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" precision="925" value="-22.116667">22°07 S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE72A1E0FFCE6A53FD1B4E72FCB0F8AB" box="[724,830,1810,1835]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" precision="925" value="-60.5">60°30' W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFF8E1E7FFCE6A53FC864E72FC5DF8AA" box="[841,979,1810,1835]" pageId="49" value="1980-06-06">
<collectingDate id="EFBC180FFFCE6A53FC864E72FC5DF8AA" box="[841,979,1810,1835]" pageId="49" value="1980-06-06">6 June 1980</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B9321B35FFCE6A53FC114E73FBBBF8AA" box="[990,1077,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="49">
<collectionCode id="ED575FE2FFCE6A53FC114E73FC7AF8AB" box="[990,1012,1811,1834]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="49" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. Kalb
</emphasis>
(herb. Kalb 37804)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>