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<document id="C95AD50D671E7868258A935C0643DB54" ID-CLB-Dataset="8861" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4869.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c285848a-ccaf-4f48-8e05-7f9cf6acf225" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4418246" ID-ZooBank="C34E9D0C-336A-4F4B-A670-2F342470839D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609812691373" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A. &amp; Deeming, John C." docDate="2020" docId="03EF183F2C12FFA0FF3A63DFFA8404B9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4869.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4869 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Musca (Eumusca) autumnalis De Geer 1776" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFD660472C19FFABFFAD6108FF960050" masterDocTitle="The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1732579200520" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="4064AB7529289C29F175B2279E3F2324">The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B5CDB173927506A00AF005B3BC121D39">Dawah, Hassan A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5023120672C0C4914FC48773D2B2BB0E">Centre for Environmental Research and Studies, Jazan University, P. O. Box 2095, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2432D5134D4843F9D7D285C32E56B164">Abdullah, Mohammed A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5F8CD910206A6791FE428F904A14B6FA" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3323-3623</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D3D85C1BB4DFBC39D8578778F8C70A5F">Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha- 61413, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. mohd _ robiya @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3323 - 3623</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A16A55C03771408C1BB6A5D87A56998E" type="email">mohd_robiya@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8270CE5CF803CF64E3F3C1360DB1BB07">Deeming, John C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="10F6AF4DB501AEBCDEB2AF566A9B8A9D" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6703-8180</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="FA07D208580963A5CB802A98DA14EB51">National Museum of Wales, Department of Natural Sciences, Entomology Section, Cardiff, CF 10 3 NP, UK. john. deeming @ museumwales. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6703 - 8180</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="959A614BAA7315AE01EE1E8D3793E257" type="email">john.deeming@museumwales.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="6491271EDCC1A8A3813049A53A4B14DA">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03EF183F2C12FFA0FF3A63DFFA8404B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4418070" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176596449" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4418070" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF183F2C12FFA0FF3A63DFFA8404B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF183F2C12FFA0FF3A63DFFA8404B9" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" scope_family="Muscidae" scope_order="Diptera" scope_subFamily="Muscinae" scope_tribe="Muscini">
<subSubSection id="C35CFAA22C12FFA0FF3A63DFFD3402A0" box="[151,674,726,753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D0B11E452C12FFA0FF3A63DFFD3402A0" bold="true" box="[151,674,726,753]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C12FFA0FF3A63DFFD3402A0" ID-CoL="44P2R" authority="De Geer, 1776" authorityName="De Geer" authorityYear="1776" box="[151,674,726,753]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="autumnalis" subGenus="Eumusca">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FF3A63DFFD3402A0" bold="true" box="[151,674,726,753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FF3A63DFFF7302A1" bold="true" box="[151,229,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Musca</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FF5863DFFEF402A1" bold="true" box="[245,354,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Eumusca</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FEDE63DEFE6002A1" bold="true" box="[371,502,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">autumnalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FE5163DFFD3402A0" author="De Geer, C." box="[508,674,726,753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref31810" refString="De Geer, C. (1776) Memoires pour server a l' histoire des insects. Vol. 6. L. L. Grefing, Stockholm, viii + 523 pp." type="book" year="1776">De Geer, 1776</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C12FFA0FF3A63F3FDA20345" blockId="11.[151,1437,726,1257]" box="[151,564,763,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB568E072C12FFA0FF3A63F3FDA20345" box="[151,564,763,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE78F382C12FFA0FF3A63F3FDA20345" author="De Geer, C." box="[151,564,763,789]" page="83" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1776">
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C12FFA0FF3A63F3FDA20345" ID-CoL="44P2R" authority="De Geer 1776: 83" authorityName="De Geer" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="1776" box="[151,564,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="autumnalis">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FF3A63F3FEF30345" box="[151,357,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Musca autumnalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FEC163F3FDA20345" author="De Geer, C." box="[364,564,763,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref31810" refString="De Geer, C. (1776) Memoires pour server a l' histoire des insects. Vol. 6. L. L. Grefing, Stockholm, viii + 523 pp." type="book" year="1776">De Geer 1776: 83</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35CFAA22C12FFA0FF6A6216FA8404B9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C12FFA0FF6A6216FC70030D" blockId="11.[151,1437,726,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FF6A6216FEF70368" bold="true" box="[199,353,798,824]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species was recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C12FFA0FD606217FCCB0369" box="[717,861,799,825]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FC2B6217FB37036A" author="El-Hawagry, M. S. &amp; Abdel-Dayem, M. S. &amp; Elgharbawy, A. A. &amp; Al Dhafer, H. M." box="[902,1185,799,826]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="107 - 139" refId="ref32055" refString="El-Hawagry, M. S., Abdel-Dayem, M. S., Elgharbawy, A. A. &amp; Al Dhafer, H. M. (2016) A preliminary account of the fly fauna in Jabal Shada al-A'la Nature Reserve, Saudi Arabia, with new records and biogeographical remarks (Diptera, Insecta). Zookeys, 636, 107 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 636.9905" type="journal article" year="2016">
El-Hawagry
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FBB86217FBD00369" box="[1045,1094,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. (2016)
</bibRefCitation>
. It was described from
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C12FFA0FF3A624BFF65030D" box="[151,243,835,861]" name="Sweden" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sweden</collectingCountry>
. In the Middle East it was recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C12FFA0FD6E624BFC85030D" box="[707,787,835,861]" name="Turkey" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FC8F624BFC4C030D" author="Pont, A. C. &amp; Werner, D. &amp; Kachvoryan, E. A." box="[802,986,834,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref35115" refString="Pont, A. C., Werner, D. &amp; Kachvoryan, E. A. (2005) A preliminary list of the Fannidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of Armenia. Zoology in the Middle East, 36 (1), 73 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2005.10638130" type="journal article" year="2005">
Pont
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FCF3624BFC19030D" box="[862,911,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C12FFA0FF6A626EFACC03F5" blockId="11.[151,1437,726,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FF6A626EFE2A03D1" bold="true" box="[199,444,870,897]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
This species is closely related to the house fly but is slightly larger, it is
<quantity id="4CBE04CC2C12FFA0FB77626FFAA003D1" box="[1242,1334,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 mm</quantity>
long and grey in colour with four dark stripes on the thorax, and a grey-black patterned abdomen (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FBD76283FAD803F5" author="Gregor, F. &amp; Rozkosny, R. &amp; Bartak, M. &amp; Vanhara, J." box="[1146,1358,907,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 280" refId="ref32614" refString="Gregor, F., Rozkosny, R., Bartak, M. &amp; Vanhara, J. (2002) The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe. Folia Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium, Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Biologia, 107, 1 - 280." type="journal article" year="2002">
Gregor
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FB7F6283FA9503F5" box="[1234,1283,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C12FFA0FF6A62A6FA8404B9" blockId="11.[151,1437,726,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FF6A62A6FE390399" bold="true" box="[199,431,942,969]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Biological remarks.</emphasis>
It is a non-biting fly. The larvae feed on manure juices and plant sugars. Adults feed during the day on secretions around the eyes, mouth and nostrils on cattle and horses (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FBA662DBFB4903BD" author="Gregor, F. &amp; Rozkosny, R. &amp; Bartak, M. &amp; Vanhara, J." box="[1035,1247,979,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 280" refId="ref32614" refString="Gregor, F., Rozkosny, R., Bartak, M. &amp; Vanhara, J. (2002) The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe. Folia Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium, Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Biologia, 107, 1 - 280." type="journal article" year="2002">
Gregor
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FBCE62DBFB0203BD" box="[1123,1172,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
). It is considered a pest species, as it transmits eyeworm
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C12FFA0FDE562FFFD3E0441" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1819" box="[584,680,1015,1041]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelaziidae" genus="Thelazia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FDE562FFFD3E0441" box="[584,680,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Thelazia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C12FFA0FD4762FFFCCE0441" box="[746,856,1015,1041]" class="Chromadorea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="order">Spirurida</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C12FFA0FCCC62FFFC730442" box="[865,997,1015,1042]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelaziidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Thelaziidae</taxonomicName>
) to cattle and horses, and pinkeye (conjunctivitis) in cattle. The latter is an infection of the surface of the eye by the bacteria
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C12FFA0FBFF6513FA9E0465" box="[1106,1288,1051,1077]" class="Gammaproteobacteria" family="Moraxellaceae" genus="Moraxella" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Pseudomonadales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="bovis">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FBFF6513FA9E0465" box="[1106,1288,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Moraxella bovis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a result of irritants by pollen grain or dust scratching the cornea of the eye which increases the secretion of tears from the eye. This then attracts
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C12FFA0FEF6656BFE6D042D" authorityName="De Geer" authorityYear="1776" box="[347,507,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="autumnalis">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FEF6656BFE6D042D" box="[347,507,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">M. autumnalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to feed on the tears, which spreads
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C12FFA0FC2F656BFC77042D" box="[898,993,1123,1149]" class="Gammaproteobacteria" family="Moraxellaceae" genus="Moraxella" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Pseudomonadales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="bovis">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FC2F656BFC77042D" box="[898,993,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">M. bovis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that causes pinkeye in cattle (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FA84656BFE8A04F1" author="Krafsur, E. S. &amp; Moon, R. D." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="503 - 523" refId="ref33403" refString="Krafsur, E. S. &amp; Moon, R. D. (1997) Bionomics of the face fly, Musca autumnalis. Annual Review of Entomology, 42, 503 - 523. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. ento. 42.1.503" type="journal article" year="1997">Krafsur &amp; Moon 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FE85658FFDA104F1" author="Giangaspero, A. &amp; Traversa, D. &amp; Otranto, D." box="[296,567,1159,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="257 - 259" refId="ref32457" refString="Giangaspero, A., Traversa, D. &amp; Otranto, D. (2004) Ecology of Thelazia spp. in cattle and their vectors in Italy. Parasitologia, 46 (1 - 2), 257 - 259." type="journal article" year="2004">
Giangaspero
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FE11658FFE6304F1" box="[444,501,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FDEF658FFD6E04F1" author="Pont, A. C. &amp; Werner, D. &amp; Kachvoryan, E. A." box="[578,760,1158,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref35115" refString="Pont, A. C., Werner, D. &amp; Kachvoryan, E. A. (2005) A preliminary list of the Fannidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of Armenia. Zoology in the Middle East, 36 (1), 73 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2005.10638130" type="journal article" year="2005">
Pont
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FDD1658FFD3B04F1" box="[636,685,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FCA7658FFB9304F1" author="Bradbury, R. S. &amp; Breen, K. &amp; Bonura, E. M. &amp; Hoyt, J. W. &amp; Bishop, H. S." box="[778,1029,1159,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1171 - 1174" refId="ref30392" refString="Bradbury, R. S., Breen, K. v., Bonura, E. M., Hoyt, J. W. &amp; Bishop, H. S. (2018) case report: conjunctival infestation with Thelaziz gulosa: A novel agent of human Thelaziasis in the United States. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 98 (4), 1171 - 1174. https: // doi. org / 10.4269 / ajtmh. 17 - 0870" type="journal article" year="2018">
Bradbury
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FCD6658FFC2504F1" box="[891,947,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
reported a case of Thelaziasis in the eye of a 26 year old women where 14 worms of
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C12FFA0FD1665A3FC6C0495" authority="(Railliet &amp; Henry)" baseAuthorityName="Railliet &amp; Henry" box="[699,1018,1195,1221]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelaziidae" genus="Thelazia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gulosa">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C12FFA0FD1665A3FCB40495" box="[699,802,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. gulosa</emphasis>
(Railliet &amp; Henry)
</taxonomicName>
were found to have been transmitted by this species. There is a record that this species has also caused myiasis in cattle (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C12FFA0FB9165C7FA9004B9" author="Gilarriortua, M." box="[1084,1286,1230,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="312 - 316" refId="ref32500" refString="Gilarriortua, M. (2015) First record of Musca autumnalis De Geer, 1776 (Dipera: Muscidae) species involved in a myiasis case in the Basque country cattle (Iberian Peninsula). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 55, 312 - 316." type="journal article" year="2015">Gilarriortua 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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