161 lines
17 KiB
XML
161 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="4BFDDB03022BEBAE5C73126351B0B1F9" ID-CLB-Dataset="24401" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3676391" ID-GBIF-Dataset="246dae96-99ed-4bb9-9ae7-b0223b873cf6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3676391" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1582190017096" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Currie, P. J." docDate="1987" docId="03EBA441FF9F844EC785FC83F2ABD53A" docLanguage="en" docName="Currie1987.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Drumheller, Alberta: Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Daspletosaurus torosus Russell 1970" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="FFD2DC39FF9C844DC72CFF93F347D01B" masterDocTitle="Theropods of the Judith River Formation of dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1741659933390" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods id="21BE0183C8B2BDAC1D98A9B5A99D8F66" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0B67A75BD6DE3128028D6886665752E7">
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<mods:title id="C4933943166ADF270147690A99FE5EA5">Theropods of the Judith River Formation of dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="5776BBBCC70A8138C057F04755FD5B25" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1269BEBAB626A2390EE5D2654DF11263">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6ED0F1F57C424F861AC77288ABE81F2B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DEFCE2937A03C972C38A69BA2E24431F">Currie, P. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BD01FA4FCD22732AB180237AC8BD4B27">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:originInfo id="371AB374A317480A63556EBCE0DFC026">
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<mods:dateIssued id="D280F8268BE06A08EF7299437D3B616A">1987</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="4D498D0826CC3C21D40C456B87AB464A" type="pubDate">1987-12-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="8790F46D97787D6719DE2A5FE41F719E">Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="BA7909FE244065882C645325C89C8119">
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<mods:placeTerm id="191C3E0C16C80C5257F3EE8B29C617F4">Drumheller, Alberta</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:name id="BAF6B79DD779FE612D68BF090F51D2E1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1804068AD477526424B8DE9BA712B426">
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<mods:roleTerm id="73132E3292DDE38AEFFA5D9E5F7A1C2C">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EAD798869F288EF0D0BB3F30CCB1EFFA">Currie P. J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8ED9F084F034732FE9AA78B59DA6844A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="63B33EED7D4768260FCC9243E9F4B7EE">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C6ADC70E02507ECD1440613606BB1044">Koster E. H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo id="1D24333415278F2B31D8C7254DAF4AE2">
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<mods:title id="3AC032356BDF711D7AF451BF2313D00A">Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:start id="FB953F73EC1C5BAC93461551AC244901">51</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="4696225F8C2940759B3C4B55BE08FD83">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5830E38D453A770D62B0887341744BD2" type="CLB-Dataset">24401</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="78AF45A2F3FD851877DECB5D4512ACF4" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3676391</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EBA441FF9F844EC785FC83F2ABD53A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3681415" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161671680" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3681415" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EBA441FF9F844EC785FC83F2ABD53A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EBA441FF9F844EC785FC83F2ABD53A" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
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<subSubSection id="C35846DCFF9F844EC785FC83F0C3D3ED" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFD1557FF9F844EC785FC83F0C3D3ED" blockId="3.[124,968,245,1427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
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Tyrannosaurid frontals are very
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC53DFC83F1C1D306" box="[529,646,784,797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">distinctive</emphasis>
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in
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC592FC83F1B6D305" box="[702,753,784,798]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">their</emphasis>
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relationships with the bones they
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC60CFCBBF22DD328" box="[288,362,808,819]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">contact</emphasis>
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. Two or three prongs of the nasal overlap the rostral end of the
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC626FCA8F216D352" box="[266,337,827,841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">frontal</emphasis>
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. The prefrontal
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC506FCAFF17BD352" box="[554,572,828,841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">is</emphasis>
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always present, although in
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC4B1FCADF082D353" box="[925,965,830,840]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">some</emphasis>
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species it
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC7DAFCC6F252D379" box="[246,277,853,866]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">may</emphasis>
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be fused to
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC684FCC2F2A0D344" box="[424,487,849,863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">either</emphasis>
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the
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC50EFCC2F111D345" bold="true" box="[546,598,849,862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">nasal</emphasis>
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or lacrimal, and in others it is
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC752FCF4F381D36E" box="[126,198,871,885]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">covered</emphasis>
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by the lacrimal. The prefrontal sits in a
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC5EFFCF4F1A7D36C" box="[707,736,871,887]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">pit</emphasis>
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on
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC434FCF5F072D36F" box="[792,821,870,884]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">the</emphasis>
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doraolateral surface of the frontal. Primitively (
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<figureCitation id="137909D2FF9F844EC507FCE9F1E8D396" box="[555,687,889,909]" captionStart="FIG. 1" captionStartId="5.[93,121,1322,1333]" captionTargetBox="[183,864,202,1302]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 1 Theropod frontals from Dinosaur Provincial Park. (a) Troodon formosus. TMP 86.49. 10; (b) Dromicelomimus samueli, TMP 85.56.62; (c) cf. Erilcosaurus sp., NMC 12355; (d) Saurornitholestes langstoni, TMP 86. 77. 57; (e) Dromaeosaurus albertensis, NMC 12349, AMNH 5356; (f) cf. Aublysodon sp., TMP 80.16.485; (g) cf. Gorgosaurus libratus, TMP 80.16.924; (h) Daspletosaurus torosus (after Russell. 1970). (1) Caudal limit of dorsalateral exposure of the lacrimal; (2) caudal limit of orbital rim; (3) caudal limit of postorbital suture; (4) lacrimal slot; (5) Postorbital buttress. Scale= 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676393/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Figs. 1f, g</figureCitation>
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), the pit is overlapped posteriorly
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC62DFC03F253D3BB" box="[257,276,912,928]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">by</emphasis>
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the dorsal surface of the frontal, so that
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC42BFC02F062D385" box="[775,805,913,926]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">the</emphasis>
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caudal end of
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC753FC34F3DBD3AE" box="[127,156,935,949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">the</emphasis>
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prefrontal actually inserts into
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC517FC39F103D3AF" box="[571,580,938,948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">a</emphasis>
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socket in the frontal,
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC457FC35F0DED3AF" box="[891,921,934,948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">and</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC49EFC35F082D3A8" bold="true" box="[946,965,934,947]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">is</emphasis>
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completely surrounded by that
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC6E4FC2FF2B2D3D1" box="[456,501,956,970]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">bone</emphasis>
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. ln more progressive forms (Molnar 1980;
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC752FC40F387D3F8" box="[126,192,979,995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Bakker</emphasis>
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, Williams and
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC640FC41F2EAD3F8" box="[364,429,978,995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Currie</emphasis>
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, in preparation), the socket is lost, and one suspects that
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC633FC74F201D3EF" box="[287,326,999,1012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">this</emphasis>
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is
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC6ACFC75F2DAD3EF" box="[384,413,998,1012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">the</emphasis>
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case in
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<taxonomicName id="4C426ED4FF9F844EC53EFC74F044D3EE" authority="Russell, 1970" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[530,771,999,1019]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">Daspletosaurus torosus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="137909D2FF9F844EC40DFC75F031D3ED" box="[801,886,998,1016]" captionStart="FIG. 1" captionStartId="5.[93,121,1322,1333]" captionTargetBox="[183,864,202,1302]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 1 Theropod frontals from Dinosaur Provincial Park. (a) Troodon formosus. TMP 86.49. 10; (b) Dromicelomimus samueli, TMP 85.56.62; (c) cf. Erilcosaurus sp., NMC 12355; (d) Saurornitholestes langstoni, TMP 86. 77. 57; (e) Dromaeosaurus albertensis, NMC 12349, AMNH 5356; (f) cf. Aublysodon sp., TMP 80.16.485; (g) cf. Gorgosaurus libratus, TMP 80.16.924; (h) Daspletosaurus torosus (after Russell. 1970). (1) Caudal limit of dorsalateral exposure of the lacrimal; (2) caudal limit of orbital rim; (3) caudal limit of postorbital suture; (4) lacrimal slot; (5) Postorbital buttress. Scale= 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676393/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Fig. 1h</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35846DCFF9F844EC489FC74F2ABD53A" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BFD1557FF9F844EC489FC74F2ABD53A" blockId="3.[124,968,245,1427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
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The orbital
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC7FFFC6DF3B5D410" box="[211,242,1022,1035]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">rim</emphasis>
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of the frontal
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC68DFC6DF169D415" box="[417,558,1021,1038]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">is very short</emphasis>
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, and in
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC5BCFB93F1FED410" box="[656,697,1024,1035]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">some</emphasis>
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species
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC40DFC6DF0EAD410" box="[801,941,1021,1035]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">is reduced to</emphasis>
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a slot passing between the lacrimal
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC51AFB81F113D43B" box="[566,596,1042,1056]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">and</emphasis>
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postorbital (
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<figureCitation id="137909D2FF9F844EC422FB81F02BD43F" box="[782,876,1041,1060]" captionStart="FIG. 1" captionStartId="5.[93,121,1322,1333]" captionTargetBox="[183,864,202,1302]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 1 Theropod frontals from Dinosaur Provincial Park. (a) Troodon formosus. TMP 86.49. 10; (b) Dromicelomimus samueli, TMP 85.56.62; (c) cf. Erilcosaurus sp., NMC 12355; (d) Saurornitholestes langstoni, TMP 86. 77. 57; (e) Dromaeosaurus albertensis, NMC 12349, AMNH 5356; (f) cf. Aublysodon sp., TMP 80.16.485; (g) cf. Gorgosaurus libratus, TMP 80.16.924; (h) Daspletosaurus torosus (after Russell. 1970). (1) Caudal limit of dorsalateral exposure of the lacrimal; (2) caudal limit of orbital rim; (3) caudal limit of postorbital suture; (4) lacrimal slot; (5) Postorbital buttress. Scale= 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676393/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Fig. 1g</figureCitation>
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). The frontal-postorbital suture
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC68AFBBAF2FED42D" bold="true" box="[422,441,1065,1078]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">is</emphasis>
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expanded in all tyrannosaurids (
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<figureCitation id="137909D2FF9F844EC414FBBBF3CCD455" captionStart="FIG. 1" captionStartId="5.[93,121,1322,1333]" captionTargetBox="[183,864,202,1302]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 1 Theropod frontals from Dinosaur Provincial Park. (a) Troodon formosus. TMP 86.49. 10; (b) Dromicelomimus samueli, TMP 85.56.62; (c) cf. Erilcosaurus sp., NMC 12355; (d) Saurornitholestes langstoni, TMP 86. 77. 57; (e) Dromaeosaurus albertensis, NMC 12349, AMNH 5356; (f) cf. Aublysodon sp., TMP 80.16.485; (g) cf. Gorgosaurus libratus, TMP 80.16.924; (h) Daspletosaurus torosus (after Russell. 1970). (1) Caudal limit of dorsalateral exposure of the lacrimal; (2) caudal limit of orbital rim; (3) caudal limit of postorbital suture; (4) lacrimal slot; (5) Postorbital buttress. Scale= 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676393/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Figs. 1f, g, h</figureCitation>
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). At the rostral end of the
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC6C7FBD3F170D455" box="[491,567,1088,1102]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">contact</emphasis>
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, the frontal develops a pronounced buttress with a posterolaterally
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC6CBFBC0F17BD47A" box="[487,572,1107,1121]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">oriented</emphasis>
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suture (
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<figureCitation id="137909D2FF9F844EC58FFBC1F1B4D47E" box="[675,755,1106,1125]" captionStart="FIG. 1" captionStartId="5.[93,121,1322,1333]" captionTargetBox="[183,864,202,1302]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 1 Theropod frontals from Dinosaur Provincial Park. (a) Troodon formosus. TMP 86.49. 10; (b) Dromicelomimus samueli, TMP 85.56.62; (c) cf. Erilcosaurus sp., NMC 12355; (d) Saurornitholestes langstoni, TMP 86. 77. 57; (e) Dromaeosaurus albertensis, NMC 12349, AMNH 5356; (f) cf. Aublysodon sp., TMP 80.16.485; (g) cf. Gorgosaurus libratus, TMP 80.16.924; (h) Daspletosaurus torosus (after Russell. 1970). (1) Caudal limit of dorsalateral exposure of the lacrimal; (2) caudal limit of orbital rim; (3) caudal limit of postorbital suture; (4) lacrimal slot; (5) Postorbital buttress. Scale= 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676393/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC58FFBC1F182D47E" box="[675,709,1106,1125]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Fig</emphasis>
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. 1f
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</figureCitation>
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), behind
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC44CFBC0F0D2D47B" box="[864,917,1107,1120]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">which</emphasis>
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the frontal is broadly overlapped by the postorbital. The relationship between
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC752FBECF3DCD497" bold="true" box="[126,155,1151,1164]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">the</emphasis>
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frontal and postorbital changes
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC510FBEDF122D490" box="[572,613,1150,1163]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">both</emphasis>
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ontogenetically and in more progressive tyrannosaurids however, and the contact
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC5FAFB07F058D4BA" box="[726,799,1172,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">becomes</emphasis>
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more elongate rostrocaudally and more vertical. A rostrodorsal process of the parietals separates the frontals posteriorly, and the sagittal crest extends onto the frontals.
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC7DBFB40F238D4FF" box="[247,383,1235,1252]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Tyrannosaurid</emphasis>
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frontals are
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC50AFB47F1DCD4FE" box="[550,667,1236,1253]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">essentially</emphasis>
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flat dorsally between the orbits. The temporal musculature extends far onto the dorssl surface of the
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC751FB6CF380D514" box="[125,199,1279,1295]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">frontal</emphasis>
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, its anterior
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC645FB6EF2F9D514" box="[361,446,1277,1295]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">boundary</emphasis>
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being
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC522FA91F150D517" bold="true" box="[526,535,1282,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">a</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC509FB6DF102D517" box="[549,581,1278,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">low</emphasis>
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sinuous
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC586FB6CF19AD50B" bold="true" box="[682,733,1279,1296]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">ridge</emphasis>
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between the sagittal crest and the postorbital
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<emphasis id="B936C945FF9F844EC6BCFA80F2A1D53A" box="[400,486,1299,1313]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">buttress</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |