569 lines
72 KiB
XML
569 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="1C539B008901D56756B40E0BFBD1E35E" ID-CLB-Dataset="298898" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5468.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f5191cd6-725c-44d5-b66f-8676a68b155c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12189202" ID-ZooBank="ECC85F24-D219-4664-899A-613FB64297DE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1718891398846" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tchesunov, Alexei V., Eskandari, Ali, Hosseinvand, Manouchehr & Hajializadeh, Parima" docDate="2024" docId="03E787EDFFBDFF96FF369FDAF6861ED8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5468.3.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5468 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5468.3.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus Gagarin 2014" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="538" masterDocId="FFDEFF95FFB7FF99FFA19B5CF27F1B3D" masterDocTitle="Free-living marine nematodes of the family Sphaerolaimidae (Chromadoria, Monhysterida) from the mangroves of the Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf" masterLastPageNumber="540" masterPageNumber="523" pageNumber="533" updateTime="1719345727277" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="57868CE0FD3F5B8361D037D9428911F0">Free-living marine nematodes of the family Sphaerolaimidae (Chromadoria, Monhysterida) from the mangroves of the Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7EA992B3CDC987226D65DD102A32F5E2">Tchesunov, Alexei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F2153DC22298BC163E97DF7D3F39B333">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="6CE25C499A189816F943177759E1A08C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3ABF4F702256C62506B58F7127D98C4C">Eskandari, Ali</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E2839661FA15C9F42BB58C4EAA481B5F" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3902-7422</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="39123264567AC0404B7F9A424423B4DC">Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of ZanJan, 45371 - 38791, ZanJan, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0913D0ED07506D6D4A30D807D211E210" type="email">eskandari.a@znu.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="32D53409A3CA0A7A351EC23DF9DFF6FD" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B07D8DDA28B1FE9307F05C47CD0A26EF">Hosseinvand, Manouchehr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C4B64E7ECB8D4E7D196EBEB4888AE96A" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0472-1513</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="7A16F8E0ACC05E1AC8048F5E766F50F1">Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of ZanJan, 45371 - 38791, ZanJan, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="793F0D0CC7157C7C710CDC869C5A18FC" type="email">.houseinvand@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2E9691F332CC03F4C1E8817D5F6BD274">Hajializadeh, Parima</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8A889D9B7B6CFD528A278C56974999FE" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5997-7030</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="61687A4B194A61775947A3ACA525B7E6">Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7B6354B07AED88AB73447AF03AD527D5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3BE7522D6D22F8E05B4C5891F8142852">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F421FC3978A1D6E5D21810D554375838">
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<mods:date id="9B812ED4D82107CB567BD31E9A28D40E">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="62D89A659737018B7739976B9A82D4A4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C5EBDE0FDF8C87B029BA16554BB440EA" type="Zenodo-Dep">12189202</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E787EDFFBDFF96FF369FDAF6861ED8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189431" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233767917" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12189431" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E787EDFFBDFF96FF369FDAF6861ED8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787EDFFBDFF96FF369FDAF6861ED8" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="538" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">
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<subSubSection id="C3546570FFBDFF93FF369FDAF0A81F9D" box="[151,727,1158,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFBDFF93FF369FDAF0A81F9D" blockId="10.[151,727,1158,1221]" box="[151,727,1158,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">
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<heading id="D0B98197FFBDFF93FF369FDAF0A81F9D" bold="true" box="[151,727,1158,1185]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFBDFF93FF369FDAF0A81F9D" ID-CoL="8GG2J" authority="Gagarin, 2014" authorityName="Gagarin" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,727,1158,1185]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevisetosus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBDFF93FF369FDAF0A81F9D" bold="true" box="[151,727,1158,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">
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<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBDFF93FF369FDAF0611F9C" bold="true" box="[151,542,1158,1185]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFBDFF93FD849FDAF0A81F9D" author="Gagarin, V. G." box="[549,727,1158,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref7918" refString="Gagarin, V. G. (2014) Two new species of free-living nematodes (Nematoda, Sphaerolaimidae) from mangroves of the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Amurian Zoological Journal, 6 (1), 3 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.33910 / 1999 - 4079 - 2014 - 6 - 1 - 3 - 11" type="journal article" year="2014">Gagarin, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3546570FFBDFF93FF369FF7F38C1FF8" box="[151,499,1194,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFBDFF93FF369FF7F38C1FF8" blockId="10.[151,727,1158,1221]" box="[151,499,1194,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">
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<figureCitation id="13752A7EFFBDFF93FF369FF7F3611FF8" box="[151,286,1194,1221]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox-0="[327,1261,190,1910]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1424,193,1744]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@11.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-26@12.[151,1436,181,1744]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus, entire and anterior end of a male. A: entire; B: head. Scale bars: A—200 μm; B—10 μm." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus, male details. A: anterior body; B: posterior body. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189221" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189223" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12189221/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12189223/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Figures 5–6</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13752A7EFFBDFF93FE8B9FF7F3151FF8" box="[298,362,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1912,1936]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,183,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-26@14.[156,1429,178,1888]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Queshm Island species of Sphaerolaimidae, photographs. A: Sphaerolaimus qeshmensis, anterior end, holotype male; B: Sphaerolaimus qeshmensis, copulatory apparatus, holotype male. C: Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus, anterior end, male; D: Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus, male copulatory apparatus; E: Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus, lateral alae, male; F: Parasphaerolaimus sp. 1, anterior end, female; G—Parasphaerolaimus 2, anterior end, female. Scale bars: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12189225/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">7C–E</figureCitation>
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and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CC0340FFBDFF93FE019FF7F38C1FF8" box="[416,499,1195,1221]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,239,728,752]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphometrics of males Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus Gagarin, 2014. Measurements are in μm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF316673FFBAFF94FF369984F74B19CC" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" tableUuid="DF316673FFBAFF94FF369984F74B19CC">Table 3</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3546570FFBDFF94FF369FAEF3221994" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFBDFF93FF369FAEF3931E30" blockId="10.[151,1437,1266,1977]" box="[151,492,1266,1293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">
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<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBDFF93FF369FAEF31A1E31" bold="true" box="[151,357,1266,1292]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Material studied.</emphasis>
|
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<specimenCount id="9D48FD72FFBDFF93FECA9FAFF3971E30" box="[363,488,1267,1293]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" type="male">Two males</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFBDFF93FF669E4AF6291E44" blockId="10.[151,1437,1266,1977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">
|
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<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBDFF93FF669E4AF3BF1E0D" bold="true" box="[199,448,1302,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Locality and habitat.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B263CA6FFBDFF93FE679E4BF62D1E44" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4899433302" collectingDate="2021-11" country="Qeshm Island" elevation="10" latitude="26.82128" location="Strait" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="55.741306" municipality="Silty" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hormozgan">
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B95AC81FFBDFF93FE679E4BF3841E0C" box="[454,507,1303,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Silty</collectingMunicipality>
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sediment at distance of about
|
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<quantity id="4CB69B1EFFBDFF93FCED9E4BF1FA1E0C" box="[844,901,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" unit="m" value="10.0">
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<elevation id="0063D1C8FFBDFF93FCED9E4BF1FA1E0C" box="[844,901,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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from the nearest
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFBDFF93FBE79E4BF7731E0D" box="[1094,1292,1303,1329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marina">
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<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBDFF93FBE79E4BF7731E0D" box="[1094,1292,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Avicennia marina</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
tree, salinity of interstitial water: 35.2 ppt, temperature on the sediment surface: 31.4 °C north coast of Qeshm Island,
|
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<location id="8E916020FFBDFF93FAE19E67F7021E68" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E787EDFFBDFF96FF369FDAF6861ED8:8E916020FFBDFF93FAE19E67F7021E68" box="[1344,1405,1339,1365]" country="Qeshm Island" latitude="26.82128" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="55.741306" municipality="Silty" name="Strait" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" stateProvince="Hormozgan">Strait</location>
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of Hormuz,
|
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<collectingRegion id="498AF819FFBDFF93FEA09E03F38D1E44" box="[257,498,1375,1401]" country="Iran" name="Hormozgan" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Hormozgan Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F359766BFFBDFF93FE5F9E03F0511E44" box="[510,558,1375,1401]" name="Iran" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
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,
|
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<date id="FFF0103BFFBDFF93FD989E03F08E1E44" box="[569,753,1375,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" value="2021-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB4E9D3FFBDFF93FD989E03F08E1E44" box="[569,753,1375,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" value="2021-11">November 2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
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. (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7A503CFFBDFF93FCA59E03F1DC1E44" box="[772,931,1375,1401]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" precision="1" seconds="16.6" value="26.82128">26°49’16.6”N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7A503CFFBDFF93FC0B9E02F6351E44" box="[938,1098,1374,1401]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" precision="1" seconds="28.7" value="55.741306">55°44’28.7”E</geoCoordinate>
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)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFBDFF93FF669EDEF31B1EA1" blockId="10.[151,1437,1266,1977]" box="[199,356,1410,1436]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">
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||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBDFF93FF669EDEF31B1EA1" bold="true" box="[199,356,1410,1436]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Descriptions.</emphasis>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFBDFF93FF669EFBF70D1D34" blockId="10.[151,1437,1266,1977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">
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<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBDFF93FF669EFBF3691EFC" bold="true" box="[199,278,1447,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Males.</emphasis>
|
||
Body elongated fusiform. Cuticle with very fine but distinct cross annulations. A clear lateral ridge 6–7 µm wide extending along the body from about the level of the nerve ring to the cylindrical portion of the tail. The ridge rises up slightly over the body cuticle surface. Fine body cuticle annulations continue also onto the ridge.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFBDFF93FF669D4FF6271C84" blockId="10.[151,1437,1266,1977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Anterior end rounded conical. Mouth opening surrounded with six small lips. Six minute inner labial papillae at the bases of the lips. Circle of ten small setae (six outer labial + four cephalic setae) situated posterior to the inner labial papillae. There are two successive crowns of eight groups of short subcephalic setae. The anterior crown of subcephalic setae (I) situated at the level of the circle of light-refracted granules in the anterior cheilostoma; each group consists of three or four setae varying in length and arranged within the group at the same level horizontally. The posterior crown of subcephalic setae (II) situated at the level of anterior edge of the shagreen band; each group consists of two setae. There are also two more circles of eight singular subcephalic setae, at the level of posterior edge of the shagreen band and at the level of amphideal fovea, respectively. These last two crowns, especially the posteriormost one, are less regular than the anterior crowns I and II. Further thereafter, somatic setae arranged in eight loose longitudinal rows. The somatic setae are nearly equal to or longer than subcephalic setae (up to 8 μm); posterior to the nerve ring, the somatic setae become short and sparse. Amphideal fovea round with cuticular rim interrupted postero-dorsally; the fovea situated at the level of the anterior stegostoma.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFBCFF92FF369CCBF3761CE9" blockId="11.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBCFF92FF369CCBF36A1C92" bold="true" box="[151,277,1943,1967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFBCFF92FEBC9CCBF0171C92" authorityName="Gagarin" authorityYear="2014" box="[285,616,1943,1967]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevisetosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBCFF92FEBC9CCBF0171C92" box="[285,616,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, entire and anterior end of a male.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBCFF92FC799CCBF18C1C92" bold="true" box="[984,1011,1943,1967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">A:</emphasis>
|
||
entire;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBCFF92FBE59CCBF6211C92" bold="true" box="[1092,1118,1943,1967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">B:</emphasis>
|
||
head. Scale bars: A—200 μm; B—10 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF316673FFBBFF95FF369DB4F74C1C3C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189223" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12189223" box="[151,1331,1768,1793]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12189223/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" startId="12.[151,250,1768,1792]" targetBox="[164,1424,193,1744]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFBBFF95FF369DB4F74C1C3C" blockId="12.[151,1331,1768,1793]" box="[151,1331,1768,1793]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBBFF95FF369DB4F36C1C3D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1768,1792]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFBBFF95FEB89DB4F01C1C3D" authorityName="Gagarin" authorityYear="2014" box="[281,611,1768,1792]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="535" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevisetosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBBFF95FEB89DB4F01C1C3D" box="[281,611,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male details.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBBFF95FD579DB4F16F1C3D" bold="true" box="[758,784,1768,1792]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">A:</emphasis>
|
||
anterior body;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBBFF95FC0D9DB4F1B91C3D" bold="true" box="[940,966,1768,1792]" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">B:</emphasis>
|
||
posterior body. Scale bars: 100 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFBBFF94FF669C16F7221BE8" blockId="12.[151,1437,1866,2037]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="12" pageNumber="535">Buccal cavity voluminous, the complex cheilostoma makes up the major part of the buccal cavity. Anteriormost portion of the cheilostoma looking soft-walled and unarmed, with only slight indistinct longitudinal striations. Middle portion of the cheilostoma shaped as truncate cone armed by a circle of light-refracted granules with fine longitudinal ribs descending and widening to the shagreen band anterior edge. The shagreen band rather thin-walled and fine-granulated; the shagreen band extends to the edge of the gymnostoma. Posterior edge of the shagreen band even, none-lobated. Stegostoma cup-shaped; internal lumen of the pharynx widened just posterior to the stegostoma. Pharynx strongly muscular along its entire length. Complex internal lumen visible as several cuticular bands.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFBAFF94FF669B83F3861A7C" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Nerve ring at the anterior third of the pharynx. Ventral gland cell ampulla and pore located just posterior to the nerve ring. Major part of the ventral gland neck not discernible; ventral gland cell body small, situated laterally to the left of the anterior intestine.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFBAFF94FF669A17F08C1900" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Males reproductive system diorchic. Anterior outstretched testis located to the right of the intestine, while reflected posterior branch situated to the left of the intestine. Vas deferens consists of three sections from anterior backwards: short dark-granular striated section, short light-transparent striated section, long granular section. Vas deferens right to the intestine. Ejaculatory gland cell bodies with granulated content, three glands on both sides of the intestine and vas deferens. Spicules short arcuated, proximal (anterior) ends non-differentiated, distal (posterior) ends with small lateral hook (projection). Gubernaculum with short dorso-caudal apophysis. Three (or more?) minute precloacal midventral supplementary papillae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFBAFF94FF66991BF3221994" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Tail conico-cylindrical, terminal end slightly inflated and provided with three long terminal setae, one ventral and two latero-dorsal. A loose lateroventral row of several latero-ventral setae and a few other irregular lateral setae on both tail sides.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF316673FFBAFF94FF369984F74B19CC" ID-Table-UUID="DF316673FFBAFF94FF369984F74B19CC" box="[151,1332,728,753]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF316673FFBAFF94FF369984F74B19CC" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" startId="13.[151,239,728,752]" targetBox="[163,1349,768,2000]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFBAFF94FF369984F74B19CC" blockId="13.[151,1332,728,753]" box="[151,1332,728,753]" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBAFF94FF369984F37519CD" bold="true" box="[151,266,728,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics of males
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBAFF94FDBF9985F02C19CD" box="[542,595,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Para</emphasis>
|
||
s
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBAFF94FDFC9984F09019CD" box="[605,751,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">phaerolaimus</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFBAFF94FD579984F66319CC" authority="Gagarin, 2014" authorityName="Gagarin" authorityYear="2014" box="[758,1052,728,753]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevisetosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBAFF94FD579984F10619CD" box="[758,889,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">brevisetosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFBAFF94FCDE9984F66319CC" author="Gagarin, V. G." box="[895,1052,728,753]" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref7918" refString="Gagarin, V. G. (2014) Two new species of free-living nematodes (Nematoda, Sphaerolaimidae) from mangroves of the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Amurian Zoological Journal, 6 (1), 3 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.33910 / 1999 - 4079 - 2014 - 6 - 1 - 3 - 11" type="journal article" year="2014">Gagarin, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Measurements are in μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFBAFF94FF02985CF1C11CED" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<table id="F94EC45BFFBA0066FF02985CF73A1CED" box="[163,1349,768,2000]" gridcols="3" gridrows="31" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF02985CF73A1825" box="[163,1349,768,792]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF02985CF0871825" box="[163,760,768,792]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBAFF94FF02985CF36D1825" bold="true" box="[163,274,768,792]" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Character</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC04985CF64A1825" box="[933,1077,768,792]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBAFF94FC04985CF64A1825" bold="true" box="[933,1077,768,792]" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Qeshm males</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FB04985CF73A1825" box="[1189,1349,768,792]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBAFF94FB04985CF73A1825" bold="true" box="[1189,1349,768,792]" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Vietnam males</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029874F73A187D" box="[163,1349,808,832]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029874F087187D" box="[163,760,808,832]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Body length</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049874F64A187D" box="[933,1077,808,832]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">1540–1737</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FB049874F73A187D" box="[1189,1349,808,832]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">1317–1583</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF02980DF73A1854" box="[163,1349,849,873]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF02980DF0871854" box="[163,760,849,873]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Pharynx length</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC04980DF64A1854" box="[933,1077,849,873]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">429–447</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FB04980DF73A1854" box="[1189,1349,849,873]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">383–430</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029825F73A18AC" box="[163,1349,889,913]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029825F08718AC" box="[163,760,889,913]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Tail length</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049825F64A18AC" box="[933,1077,889,913]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">178–209</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FB049825F73A18AC" box="[1189,1349,889,913]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">160–189</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF0298FDF73A1884" box="[163,1349,929,953]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF0298FDF0871884" box="[163,760,929,953]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">a</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC0498FDF64A1884" box="[933,1077,929,953]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">16.2–21.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FB0498FDF73A1884" box="[1189,1349,929,953]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">15–18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029895F73A18DF" box="[163,1349,969,994]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029895F08718DF" box="[163,760,969,994]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">b</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049895F64A18DF" box="[933,1077,969,994]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">3.6–3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FB049895F73A18DF" box="[1189,1349,969,994]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">3.2–3.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF0298AEF73A1F37" box="[163,1349,1010,1034]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF0298AEF0871F37" box="[163,760,1010,1034]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">c</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC0498AEF64A1F37" box="[933,1077,1010,1034]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">8.3–8.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FB0498AEF73A1F37" box="[1189,1349,1010,1034]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">7.2–8.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029F46F73A1F0F" box="[163,1349,1050,1074]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029F46F0871F0F" box="[163,760,1050,1074]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">c’</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049F46F64A1F0F" box="[933,1077,1050,1074]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">3.0–3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FB049F46F73A1F0F" box="[1189,1349,1050,1074]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">2.6–3.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029F1EF73A1F67" box="[163,1349,1090,1114]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029F1EF0871F67" box="[163,760,1090,1114]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Cylindrical portion of tail, %</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049F1EF64A1F67" box="[933,1077,1090,1114]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">34–35</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029F36F73A1FBF" box="[163,1349,1130,1154]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029F36F0871FBF" box="[163,760,1130,1154]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Body diameter at level of cephalic setae</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049F36F64A1FBF" box="[933,1077,1130,1154]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">25–32</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029FCFF73A1F96" box="[163,1349,1171,1195]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029FCFF0871F96" box="[163,760,1171,1195]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Body diameter at level of subcephalic setae I</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049FCFF64A1F96" box="[933,1077,1171,1195]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">35–40</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029FE7F73A1FEE" box="[163,1349,1211,1235]" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029FE7F0871FEE" box="[163,760,1211,1235]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Body diameter at level of amphids</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049FE7F64A1FEE" box="[933,1077,1211,1235]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">42–53</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029FBFF73A1FC6" box="[163,1349,1251,1275]" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029FBFF0871FC6" box="[163,760,1251,1275]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Body diameter at level of nerve ring</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049FBFF64A1FC6" box="[933,1077,1251,1275]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">63–87</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029E57F73A1E19" box="[163,1349,1291,1316]" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029E57F0871E19" box="[163,760,1291,1316]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Body diameter at level of cardia</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049E57F64A1E19" box="[933,1077,1291,1316]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">72–103</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FB049E57F73A1E19" box="[1189,1349,1291,1316]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">83–90</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029E68F73A1E71" box="[163,1349,1332,1356]" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029E68F0871E71" box="[163,760,1332,1356]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Body diameter at midbody</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049E68F64A1E71" box="[933,1077,1332,1356]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">71–107</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FB049E68F73A1E71" box="[1189,1349,1332,1356]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">81–96</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029E00F73A1E49" box="[163,1349,1372,1396]" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029E00F0871E49" box="[163,760,1372,1396]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Body diameter at level of cloaca/anus</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049E00F64A1E49" box="[933,1077,1372,1396]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">53–69</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FB049E00F73A1E49" box="[1189,1349,1372,1396]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">54–68</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029ED8F73A1EA1" box="[163,1349,1412,1436]" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029ED8F0871EA1" box="[163,760,1412,1436]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Anterior setae length</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049ED8F64A1EA1" box="[933,1077,1412,1436]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">2–3</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FB049ED8F73A1EA1" box="[1189,1349,1412,1436]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">2–3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029EF0F73A1EF8" box="[163,1349,1452,1477]" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029EF0F0871EF8" box="[163,760,1452,1477]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Subcephalic setae I length</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049EF0F64A1EF8" box="[933,1077,1452,1477]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">2–3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029E89F73A1ED0" box="[163,1349,1493,1517]" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029E89F0871ED0" box="[163,760,1493,1517]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Subcephalic setae II length</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049E89F64A1ED0" box="[933,1077,1493,1517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">1–3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029EA1F73A1D28" box="[163,1349,1533,1557]" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029EA1F0871D28" box="[163,760,1533,1557]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Somatic setae length</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049EA1F64A1D28" box="[933,1077,1533,1557]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">5–8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029D79F73A1D00" box="[163,1349,1573,1597]" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029D79F0871D00" box="[163,760,1573,1597]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Amphideal fovea width</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049D79F64A1D00" box="[933,1077,1573,1597]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">7–8</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FB049D79F73A1D00" box="[1189,1349,1573,1597]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">7–10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029D11F73A1D58" box="[163,1349,1613,1637]" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029D11F0871D58" box="[163,760,1613,1637]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Distance amphideal fovea–cephalic apex</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049D11F64A1D58" box="[933,1077,1613,1637]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">29–33</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FB049D11F73A1D58" box="[1189,1349,1613,1637]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">25–30</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029D29F73A1DB3" box="[163,1349,1653,1678]" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029D29F0871DB3" box="[163,760,1653,1678]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Stoma entire length</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049D29F64A1DB3" box="[933,1077,1653,1678]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">36–41</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FB049D29F73A1DB3" box="[1189,1349,1653,1678]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">48–53</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029DC2F73A1D8B" box="[163,1349,1694,1718]" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029DC2F0871D8B" box="[163,760,1694,1718]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Stoma width at level of the shagreen band</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049DC2F64A1D8B" box="[933,1077,1694,1718]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">28–30</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029D9AF73A1DE3" box="[163,1349,1734,1758]" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029D9AF0871DE3" box="[163,760,1734,1758]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Shagreen band width</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049D9AF64A1DE3" box="[933,1077,1734,1758]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">12–15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029DB2F73A1C3B" box="[163,1349,1774,1798]" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029DB2F0871C3B" box="[163,760,1774,1798]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Distance cephalic apex–ventral pore</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049DB2F64A1C3B" box="[933,1077,1774,1798]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">167–194</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029C4AF73A1C12" box="[163,1349,1814,1839]" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029C4AF0871C12" box="[163,760,1814,1839]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Spicules length along chord</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049C4AF64A1C12" box="[933,1077,1814,1839]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">64–70</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029C63F73A1C6A" box="[163,1349,1855,1879]" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029C63F0871C6A" box="[163,760,1855,1879]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Spicules length along arc</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049C63F64A1C6A" box="[933,1077,1855,1879]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">76–84</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FB049C63F73A1C6A" box="[1189,1349,1855,1879]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">70–76</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029C3BF73A1C42" box="[163,1349,1895,1919]" gridrow="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029C3BF0871C42" box="[163,760,1895,1919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Length of the dorso-caudal apophysis of the gubernaculum</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049C3BF64A1C42" box="[933,1077,1895,1919]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">15–16</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FB049C3BF73A1C42" box="[1189,1349,1895,1919]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">16–19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029CD3F73A1C9A" box="[163,1349,1935,1959]" gridrow="29" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029CD3F0871C9A" box="[163,760,1935,1959]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Spicules length along arc divided by cloacal diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049CD3F64A1C9A" box="[933,1077,1935,1959]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">1.1–1.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E34B9FFBA0066FF029CEBF73A1CED" box="[163,1349,1975,2000]" gridrow="30" pageId="13" pageNumber="536" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FF029CEBF0871CED" box="[163,760,1975,2000]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">Tail terminal setae length</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF5DC5FFBA0066FC049CEBF64A1CED" box="[933,1077,1975,2000]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="13" pageNumber="536">17</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF316673FFB9FF97FF369C24F73F1CC6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189225" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12189225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12189225/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="537" startId="14.[151,250,1912,1936]" targetBox="[162,1425,183,1884]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFB9FF97FF369C24F73F1CC6" blockId="14.[151,1437,1912,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB9FF97FF369C24F36A1CAD" bold="true" box="[151,277,1912,1936]" pageId="14" pageNumber="537">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Queshm Island species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB9FF97FD919C24F0A21CAD" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[560,733,1912,1936]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="14" pageNumber="537" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Sphaerolaimidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, photographs.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB9FF97FCD59C24F1F01CAD" bold="true" box="[884,911,1912,1936]" pageId="14" pageNumber="537">A:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB9FF97FC399C24F6D51CAD" authorityName="Tchesunov & Eskandari & Hosseinvand & Hajializadeh" authorityYear="2024" box="[920,1194,1912,1936]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="14" pageNumber="537" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="qeshmensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB9FF97FC399C24F6D51CAD" box="[920,1194,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="537">Sphaerolaimus qeshmensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, anterior end, holotype male;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB9FF97FF799CC0F28E1C89" bold="true" box="[216,241,1948,1972]" pageId="14" pageNumber="537">B:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB9FF97FF589CC7F0741C8E" authorityName="Tchesunov & Eskandari & Hosseinvand & Hajializadeh" authorityYear="2024" box="[249,523,1947,1971]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="14" pageNumber="537" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="qeshmensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB9FF97FF589CC7F0741C8E" box="[249,523,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="537">Sphaerolaimus qeshmensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, copulatory apparatus, holotype male.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB9FF97FC3F9CC7F1C61C8E" bold="true" box="[926,953,1947,1971]" pageId="14" pageNumber="537">C:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB9FF97FC609CC7F7731C8E" authorityName="Gagarin" authorityYear="2014" box="[961,1292,1947,1971]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="14" pageNumber="537" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevisetosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB9FF97FC609CC7F7731C8E" box="[961,1292,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="537">Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, anterior end, male;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB9FF97FF769CE3F28E1CEA" bold="true" box="[215,241,1983,2007]" pageId="14" pageNumber="537">D:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB9FF97FF589CE3F03C1CEA" authorityName="Gagarin" authorityYear="2014" box="[249,579,1983,2007]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="14" pageNumber="537" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevisetosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB9FF97FF589CE3F03C1CEA" box="[249,579,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="537">Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male copulatory apparatus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB9FF97FCCC9CE3F1F91CEA" bold="true" box="[877,902,1983,2007]" pageId="14" pageNumber="537">E:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB9FF97FC2F9CE3F6A61CEA" authorityName="Gagarin" authorityYear="2014" box="[910,1241,1983,2007]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="14" pageNumber="537" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevisetosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB9FF97FC2F9CE3F6A61CEA" box="[910,1241,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="537">Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lateral alae, male;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB9FF97FF369CBFF2CF1CC6" bold="true" box="[151,176,2019,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="537">F:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB9FF97FF149CBFF3CC1CC6" box="[181,435,2019,2043]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="14" pageNumber="537" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB9FF97FF149CBFF3031CC6" box="[181,380,2019,2043]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="537">Parasphaerolaimus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, anterior end, female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB9FF97FD399CBFF0D31CC6" bold="true" box="[664,684,2019,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="537">G</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB9FF97FD649CBFF1F31CC6" authorityName="Ditlevsen" authorityYear="1918" box="[709,908,2019,2043]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="14" pageNumber="537" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB9FF97FD649CBFF1F31CC6" box="[709,908,2019,2043]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="537">Parasphaerolaimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2, anterior end, female. Scale bars: 20 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546570FFB8FF96FF669BCAF7FD1A58" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFB8FF96FF669BCAF7FD1A58" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1509]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FF669BCAF3CA1B8C" bold="true" box="[199,437,150,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Diagnosis amended.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FE1D9BCBF0E71B8C" authorityName="Ditlevsen" authorityYear="1918" box="[444,664,151,177]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FE1D9BCBF0E71B8C" box="[444,664,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Parasphaerolaimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with distinct lateral alae; body length 1317–1737 μm, a = 13.0–21.7, b = 3.2–3.9, c = 7.2–8.8, V% = 71.6–72.2%; anterior subcephalic setae I 2.0–3.0 μm long and posterior subcephalic setae II 1.0‒3.0 µm; amphideal fovea 6–10 μm wide, situated at level of the anterior stegostoma; entire stoma length 28–53, midstoma width 28–30 μm, shagreen band narrow and not sectioned into discernible elements, width of the shagreen band 12–15 μm; ventral pore situated just posterior to the nerve ring, at a distance of 167–194 posterior to the anterior end; spicules arcuated, 70–84 μm long, gubernaculum with dorso-caudal apophyses 15–19 μm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546570FFB8FF96FF669A33F6861ED8" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFB8FF96FF669A33F32B1924" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1509]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FF669A33F3441AB4" bold="true" box="[199,315,367,393]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Our finding of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FE5B9A33F1161AB4" authorityName="Gagarin" authorityYear="2014" box="[506,873,367,393]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevisetosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FE5B9A33F1161AB4" box="[506,873,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a second record of the species since the first discovery of the species was in the North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359766BFFB8FF96FDCD9ACFF0B41A90" box="[620,715,403,429]" name="Vietnam" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFB8FF96FD549ACFF1DB1A90" author="Gagarin, V. G." box="[757,932,403,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref7918" refString="Gagarin, V. G. (2014) Two new species of free-living nematodes (Nematoda, Sphaerolaimidae) from mangroves of the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Amurian Zoological Journal, 6 (1), 3 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.33910 / 1999 - 4079 - 2014 - 6 - 1 - 3 - 11" type="journal article" year="2014">Gagarin (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Our males do not differ from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F58859FFB8FF96FA829ACFF72C1A90" box="[1315,1363,403,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">type</typeStatus>
|
||
males by dimensions. An important structural difference is a lateral cuticular ridge clearly visible in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359766BFFB8FF96FB099AEBF6881AEC" box="[1192,1271,439,465]" name="Iran" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Qeshm</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens but not mentioned in the original diagnosis. Our reexamination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F58859FFB8FF96FC269A87F1C81AC8" box="[903,951,475,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens reveals that the ridge is present also in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F58859FFB8FF96FEB09AA3F32F1924" box="[273,336,511,537]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">types</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFB8FF96FF66997FF36519F0" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1509]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">
|
||
Originally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FEE9997FF0C91900" authorityName="Gagarin" authorityYear="2014" box="[328,694,547,573]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevisetosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FEE9997FF0C91900" box="[328,694,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found in silty sediments of a mangrove littoral zone at water salinity 6.1‰ in the Red River mouth, North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359766BFFB8FF96FD73991BF14E195C" box="[722,817,583,609]" name="Vietnam" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFB8FF96FC9E991BF1A1195C" author="Gagarin, V. G." box="[831,990,583,609]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref7918" refString="Gagarin, V. G. (2014) Two new species of free-living nematodes (Nematoda, Sphaerolaimidae) from mangroves of the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Amurian Zoological Journal, 6 (1), 3 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.33910 / 1999 - 4079 - 2014 - 6 - 1 - 3 - 11" type="journal article" year="2014">Gagarin 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359766BFFB8FF96FC51991BF640195C" box="[1008,1087,583,609]" name="Iran" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Qeshm</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens have been collected also in silty sediments in the vicinity of mangrove trees but at a higher salinity, about 38‰. Evidently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FB589937F7E319B8" authorityName="Gagarin" authorityYear="2014" box="[1273,1436,619,645]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevisetosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FB589937F7E319B8" box="[1273,1436,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">P. brevisetosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a widely distributed Indo-West-Pacific intertidal salinity-tolerant species with preference to silty sediments of mangroves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFB8FF96FF66998BF15018BC" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1509]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FF66998BF3E719CC" bold="true" box="[199,408,727,753]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Further remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Besides
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FE5C998BF0DE19CC" authorityName="Gagarin" authorityYear="2014" box="[509,673,727,753]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevisetosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FE5C998BF0DE19CC" box="[509,673,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">P. brevisetosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we found two other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FBA7998BF69D19CC" authorityName="Ditlevsen" authorityYear="1918" box="[1030,1250,727,753]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FBA7998BF69D19CC" box="[1030,1250,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Parasphaerolaimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in samples from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359766BFFB8FF96FF3699A7F2961828" box="[151,233,763,789]" name="Iran" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Qeshm</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FF5899A7F3AA1828" authorityName="Ditlevsen" authorityYear="1918" box="[249,469,763,789]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FF5899A7F3AA1828" box="[249,469,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Parasphaerolaimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FDA299A7F1101828" authority="Ditlevsen, 1918" authorityName="Ditlevsen" authorityYear="1918" box="[515,879,763,789]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FD9799A7F0D31828" box="[566,684,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">paradoxus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFB8FF96FD1999A7F1101828" author="Ditlevsen, H." box="[696,879,763,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" pagination="147 - 214" refId="ref7818" refString="Ditlevsen, H. (1918) Marine freeliving nematodes from Danish waters. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i KJObenhavn, 70 (7), 147 - 214." type="journal article" year="1918">Ditlevsen, 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13752A7EFFB8FF96FC2B99A7F67F1828" box="[906,1024,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1912,1936]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,183,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-26@14.[156,1429,178,1888]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Queshm Island species of Sphaerolaimidae, photographs. A: Sphaerolaimus qeshmensis, anterior end, holotype male; B: Sphaerolaimus qeshmensis, copulatory apparatus, holotype male. C: Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus, anterior end, male; D: Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus, male copulatory apparatus; E: Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus, lateral alae, male; F: Parasphaerolaimus sp. 1, anterior end, female; G—Parasphaerolaimus 2, anterior end, female. Scale bars: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12189225/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Figure 7F</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FBE999A7F75B1828" authorityName="Ditlevsen" authorityYear="1918" box="[1096,1316,763,789]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FBE999A7F75B1828" box="[1096,1316,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Parasphaerolaimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13752A7EFFB8FF96FAF099A7F2C21804" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1912,1936]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,183,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-26@14.[156,1429,178,1888]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Queshm Island species of Sphaerolaimidae, photographs. A: Sphaerolaimus qeshmensis, anterior end, holotype male; B: Sphaerolaimus qeshmensis, copulatory apparatus, holotype male. C: Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus, anterior end, male; D: Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus, male copulatory apparatus; E: Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus, lateral alae, male; F: Parasphaerolaimus sp. 1, anterior end, female; G—Parasphaerolaimus 2, anterior end, female. Scale bars: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12189225/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Figure 7G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both additional species were recorded with only few females in our collection, and hence their identification is delayed for future until males are found. However, microscopic observation of these species contributed to reinterpretation of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FE33983BF01118BC" authorityName="Ditlevsen" authorityYear="1918" box="[402,622,871,897]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FE33983BF01118BC" box="[402,622,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Parasphaerolaimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus diagnosis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFB8FF96FF6698D6F3F11898" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1509]" box="[199,398,906,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FF6698D6F3F11898" bold="true" box="[199,398,906,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFB8FF96FF6698F3F0161F40" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1509]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FEE598F3F07F18F4" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[324,512,943,969]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Sphaerolaimidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are common but not numerous in nematode communities of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359766BFFB8FF96FB4198F3F75018F4" box="[1248,1327,943,969]" name="Iran" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Qeshm</collectingCountry>
|
||
intertidal mangrove sediments. Total number of sphaerolaimid individuals in our
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359766BFFB8FF96FC17988FF67A18D0" box="[950,1029,979,1005]" name="Iran" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Qeshm</collectingCountry>
|
||
nematode collection constitutes 117 individuals or 3.14% of 3723 nematode specimens identified up to genus level. The sphaerolaimid species were found in eleven of 19 samples processed. Percentage of sphaerolaimid specimens varied from 0 to 12.18% per sample. All the sphaerolaimid specimens were detected in silty samples of the north coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359766BFFB8FF96FB0B9F63F6861F64" box="[1194,1273,1087,1113]" name="Iran" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Qeshm</collectingCountry>
|
||
and neither of them in sandy samples of the south coast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFB8FF96FF669FDBF6861ED8" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1509]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FEE19FDBF3801F9C" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[320,511,1159,1185]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Sphaerolaimidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and particularly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FD1F9FDBF11A1F9C" authorityName="Bastian" authorityYear="1865" box="[702,869,1159,1185]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FD1F9FDBF11A1F9C" box="[702,869,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Sphaerolaimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are known long time as predators preying on other nematodes (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFB8FF96FEED9FF7F3A51FF8" author="Wieser, W." box="[332,474,1194,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" refId="ref9294" refString="Wieser, W. (1959) Free-living nematodes and other small invertebrates of Puget Sound beaches. University of Washington Publications in Biology. Vol. 19. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington, 179 pp." type="book" year="1959">Wieser 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFB8FF96FE459FF7F0E71FF8" author="Heip, C. & Vincx, M. & Vranken, G." box="[484,664,1194,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" pagination="399 - 489" refId="ref8355" refString="Heip, C., Vincx, M. & Vranken, G. (1985) The ecology of marine nematodes. Oceanography and Marine Biology - An Annual Review, 23, 399 - 489." type="journal article" year="1985">
|
||
Heip
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FD819FF7F0281FF8" box="[544,599,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1985
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFB8FF96FD009FF7F1121FF8" author="Moens, T. & Braeckman, U. & Derycke, S. & Fonseca, G. & Gallucci, F. & Gingold, R. & Guilini, K. & Ingels, J. & Leduc, D. & Vanaverbeke, J. & Van Colen, C. & Vanreusel, A. & Vincx, M." box="[673,877,1195,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" refId="ref8613" refString="Moens, T., Braeckman, U., Derycke, S., Fonseca, G., Gallucci, F., Gingold, R., Guilini, K., Ingels, J., Leduc, D., Vanaverbeke, J., Van Colen, C., Vanreusel, A. & Vincx, M. (2014) Ecology of free-living marine nematodes. In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology: Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. Vol. 2. Nematoda. De Gruyter, Berlin-Boston, pp. 109 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110274257.109" type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Moens
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FD529FF7F1551FF8" box="[755,810,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Here, we also tried to evaluate feeding habits and diet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FF479F93F3DD1FD4" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[230,418,1231,1257]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Sphaerolaimidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
observing their gut content (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CC0340FFB8FF96FD429F93F1451FD4" box="[739,826,1231,1257]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,239,1556,1580]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 4. Gut content in three Sphaerolaimidae species of Qeshm Island." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF316673FFB8FF96FF369D48F1CE1D11" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" tableUuid="DF316673FFB8FF96FF369D48F1CE1D11">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). The most reliable data were taken for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FB549F93F3681E30" authority="Tchesunov & Eskandari & Hosseinvand & Hajializadeh, 2024" authorityName="Tchesunov & Eskandari & Hosseinvand & Hajializadeh" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="qeshmensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FB549F93F3681E30" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Sphaerolaimus qeshmensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FEBC9FAFF3231E30" bold="true" box="[285,348,1267,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2095792FFB8FF96FEBC9FAFF3231E30" box="[285,348,1267,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FE319FAFF0841E30" authorityName="Gagarin" authorityYear="2014" box="[400,763,1267,1293]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevisetosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FE319FAFF0841E30" box="[400,763,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Parasphaerolaimus brevisetosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FCE79FAFF6331E30" authority="Tchesunov & Eskandari & Hosseinvand & Hajializadeh, 2024" authorityName="Tchesunov & Eskandari & Hosseinvand & Hajializadeh" authorityYear="2024" box="[838,1100,1267,1293]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pumilus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FCE79FAFF6331E30" box="[838,1100,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">Sphaerolaimus pumilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FBF39FAFF6EE1E30" bold="true" box="[1106,1169,1267,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2095792FFB8FF96FBF39FAFF6EE1E30" box="[1106,1169,1267,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was found with too low number of specimens to make conclusion. Guts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FD689E4BF11B1E0C" authority="Tchesunov & Eskandari & Hosseinvand & Hajializadeh, 2024" authorityName="Tchesunov & Eskandari & Hosseinvand & Hajializadeh" authorityYear="2024" box="[713,868,1303,1329]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="qeshmensis" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FD689E4BF11B1E0C" box="[713,868,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">S. qeshmensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FCCB9E4BF1D61E0C" bold="true" box="[874,937,1303,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2095792FFB8FF96FCCB9E4BF1D61E0C" box="[874,937,1303,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FC7C9E4BF6FE1E0C" authorityName="Gagarin" authorityYear="2014" box="[989,1153,1303,1329]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevisetosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FC7C9E4BF6FE1E0C" box="[989,1153,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">P. brevisetosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were empty in more than half of the individuals, 57 and 82%, respectively. From individuals with full intestines, 63% of guts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FAA39E67F7E21E68" authority="Tchesunov & Eskandari & Hosseinvand & Hajializadeh, 2024" authorityName="Tchesunov & Eskandari & Hosseinvand & Hajializadeh" authorityYear="2024" box="[1282,1437,1339,1365]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="qeshmensis" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FAA39E67F7E21E68" box="[1282,1437,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">S. qeshmensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FF369E03F2A61E44" bold="true" box="[151,217,1375,1401]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2095792FFB8FF96FF369E03F2A61E44" box="[151,217,1375,1401]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
contained swallowed nematode prey, and only 12.5% full intestines contained swallowed nematodes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FA299E03F35F1EA0" authorityName="Gagarin" authorityYear="2014" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevisetosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FA299E03F35F1EA0" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">P. brevisetosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FED39EDFF0721EA0" authority="Tchesunov & Eskandari & Hosseinvand & Hajializadeh, 2024" authorityName="Tchesunov & Eskandari & Hosseinvand & Hajializadeh" authorityYear="2024" box="[370,525,1411,1437]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="qeshmensis" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FED39EDFF0721EA0" box="[370,525,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">S. qeshmensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FDB29EDFF02D1EA0" bold="true" box="[531,594,1411,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2095792FFB8FF96FDB29EDFF02D1EA0" box="[531,594,1411,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FD279EDFF1561EA0" authorityName="Gagarin" authorityYear="2014" box="[646,809,1411,1437]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevisetosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FD279EDFF1561EA0" box="[646,809,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">P. brevisetosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
evidently differ from each other in diet and ratio of food items,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FF459EFBF3FE1EFC" authority="Tchesunov & Eskandari & Hosseinvand & Hajializadeh, 2024" authorityName="Tchesunov & Eskandari & Hosseinvand & Hajializadeh" authorityYear="2024" box="[228,385,1447,1473]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="qeshmensis" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FF459EFBF3FE1EFC" box="[228,385,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">S. qeshmensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FE2B9EFBF3B41EFC" bold="true" box="[394,459,1447,1473]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2095792FFB8FF96FE2B9EFBF3B41EFC" box="[394,459,1447,1473]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a more active predator. As for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB8FF96FCEC9EFBF1BB1EFC" authority="Tchesunov & Eskandari & Hosseinvand & Hajializadeh, 2024" authorityName="Tchesunov & Eskandari & Hosseinvand & Hajializadeh" authorityYear="2024" box="[845,964,1447,1473]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pumilus" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FCEC9EFBF1BB1EFC" box="[845,964,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">S. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB8FF96FC6D9EFBF6721EFC" bold="true" box="[972,1037,1447,1473]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2095792FFB8FF96FC6D9EFBF6721EFC" box="[972,1037,1447,1473]" pageId="15" pageNumber="538" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, all the individuals but one had no content in the alimentary tract; an only individual had a lump but in the buccal cavity, not in the gut.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |