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<document id="E53528BCF3BB9AB926D18D75C0349798" ID-DOI="10.5070/P9361043964" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13750243" ID-ZooBank="3F95876E-933FF-48AF-9CF0-A840A333220B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1726017767285" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cicimurri, David J. &amp; Knight, James L." docDate="2022" docId="03E787A6FE22FF8DA989FA34FAD2FD8C" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.36.43964.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 36" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2D14AFDE223D5FD9EB1703D6A63DEF6C.1:PaleoBios.2018-2021.journal_article" docStyleId="2D14AFDE223D5FD9EB1703D6A63DEF6C" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2018-2021.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Rhizoprionodon WHITLEY 1929" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFDEFFDEFE29FF86A91DFFEFFFC3FFEC" masterDocTitle="Late Eocene (Priabonian) elasmobranchs from the Dry Branch Formation (Barnwell Group) of Aiken County, South Carolina, USA" masterLastPageNumber="31" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1726076902459" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="9362354F6B2EE5096163C416A7AF2947">Late Eocene (Priabonian) elasmobranchs from the Dry Branch Formation (Barnwell Group) of Aiken County, South Carolina, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CB9B4EFD9256FE024733DEB18015E6E0">Cicimurri, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="95F65CD0D2CAC147699677D7FD505290">Knight, James L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="6142AB8AE55EBD0DBD5ACE5C70CFBCCC">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03E787A6FE22FF8DA989FA34FAD2FD8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13750212" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13750212" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E787A6FE22FF8DA989FA34FAD2FD8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787A6FE22FF8DA989FA34FAD2FD8C" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="C354653BFE22FF8DA989FA34FD3FFA1F" box="[148,764,1499,1523]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF136B0FE22FF8DA989FA34FD3FFA1F" blockId="11.[148,764,1467,1555]" box="[148,764,1499,1523]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0B981DCFE22FF8DA989FA34FD3FFA1F" allCaps="true" box="[148,764,1499,1523]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE22FF8DA989FA34FE91FA1E" ID-CoL="78ZB" authority="GANNTOURENSIS" authorityName="WHITLEY" authorityYear="1929" box="[148,338,1499,1522]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Rhizoprionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DA989FA34FE91FA1E" box="[148,338,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">RHIZOPRIONODON</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
?
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DA87EFA34FDD2FA1E" box="[355,529,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">GANNTOURENSIS</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B41FE22FF8DAB3CFA34FD31FA1F" author="Arambourg, C." box="[545,754,1499,1523]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref20038" refString="Arambourg, C. 1952. Les vertebres fossils des gisements de phosphates (Maroc-Algerie-Tunisie). Notes et Memoires du Service Geologique du Maroc 92: 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="1952">ARAMBOURG, 1952</bibRefCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C354653BFE22FF8DA890FA14FDC0F9FF" box="[397,515,1531,1555]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF136B0FE22FF8DA890FA14FDC0F9FF" blockId="11.[148,764,1467,1555]" box="[397,515,1531,1555]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
(
<figureCitation id="13752A35FE22FF8DA889FA14FE3FF9FF" box="[404,508,1531,1555]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[111,186,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[131,1505,197,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-222@9.[131,1505,195,1677]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Carcharhiniform shark teeth the Dry Branch Formation (Priabonian) of Aiken County, South Carolina. AD. Physogaleus sp. cf. Ph. latus. Upper left lateral tooth in lingual (A) and labial (B) views, SC2013.38.65. Lower left anterior tooth in labial (C) and lingual (D) views, SC96.97.26. E, F. Galeocerdo sp. Anterolateral tooth in lingual (E) and labial (F) views, SC2013.38.16. GI. Abdounia sp. cf. Ab. enniskilleni. Anterior tooth in lingual (G) and labial (H) views, SC96.97.30. Lateral tooth in lingual (I) view, SC96.97.31. JL. Rhizoprionodon?ganntourensis. Anterolateral tooth in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, SC2013.38.98. Lateral tooth in lingual view (L), SC2013.38.99. MP. Hemipristis sp. cf. He. curvatus. Upper left lateral tooth in lingual (M) and labial (N) views, SC2001.1.21. Lower right anterior tooth in lingual (O) and labial (P) views, SC2013.28.35. Q, R. Negaprion gilmorei. Upper right anterior tooth in lingual (Q) view, SC2013.38.61. Lower right anterolateral tooth in lingual (R) view, SC2013.38.64. Scale bars=1 cm in AF, MN, QR; 5 mm in GL, OP." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13750249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13750249/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">FIG. 3JL</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C354653BFE22FF8DA98DF9C0FE5DF916" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF136B0FE22FF8DA98DF9C0FE5DF916" blockId="11.[112,801,1583,1927]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DA98DF9C0FE02F9A5" bold="true" box="[144,449,1583,1609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Referred specimens</emphasis>
—SC96.97.2, four teeth; SC
<date id="FFF01070FE22FF8DA98EF9BCFEC8F981" box="[147,267,1619,1645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="2001-01-18">2001.1.18</date>
, tooth; SC
<date id="FFF01070FE22FF8DA89EF9BCFE38F981" box="[387,507,1619,1645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="2001-01-19">2001.1.19</date>
, 40 teeth;SC2013.38.98, anterior tooth (
<figureCitation id="13752A35FE22FF8DA838F999FE53F97C" box="[293,400,1654,1680]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[111,186,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[131,1505,197,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-222@9.[131,1505,195,1677]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Carcharhiniform shark teeth the Dry Branch Formation (Priabonian) of Aiken County, South Carolina. AD. Physogaleus sp. cf. Ph. latus. Upper left lateral tooth in lingual (A) and labial (B) views, SC2013.38.65. Lower left anterior tooth in labial (C) and lingual (D) views, SC96.97.26. E, F. Galeocerdo sp. Anterolateral tooth in lingual (E) and labial (F) views, SC2013.38.16. GI. Abdounia sp. cf. Ab. enniskilleni. Anterior tooth in lingual (G) and labial (H) views, SC96.97.30. Lateral tooth in lingual (I) view, SC96.97.31. JL. Rhizoprionodon?ganntourensis. Anterolateral tooth in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, SC2013.38.98. Lateral tooth in lingual view (L), SC2013.38.99. MP. Hemipristis sp. cf. He. curvatus. Upper left lateral tooth in lingual (M) and labial (N) views, SC2001.1.21. Lower right anterior tooth in lingual (O) and labial (P) views, SC2013.28.35. Q, R. Negaprion gilmorei. Upper right anterior tooth in lingual (Q) view, SC2013.38.61. Lower right anterolateral tooth in lingual (R) view, SC2013.38.64. Scale bars=1 cm in AF, MN, QR; 5 mm in GL, OP." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13750249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13750249/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3J, K</figureCitation>
);SC2013.38.99, lateral tooth (
<figureCitation id="13752A35FE22FF8DABEFF999FF57F95F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[111,186,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[131,1505,197,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-222@9.[131,1505,195,1677]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Carcharhiniform shark teeth the Dry Branch Formation (Priabonian) of Aiken County, South Carolina. AD. Physogaleus sp. cf. Ph. latus. Upper left lateral tooth in lingual (A) and labial (B) views, SC2013.38.65. Lower left anterior tooth in labial (C) and lingual (D) views, SC96.97.26. E, F. Galeocerdo sp. Anterolateral tooth in lingual (E) and labial (F) views, SC2013.38.16. GI. Abdounia sp. cf. Ab. enniskilleni. Anterior tooth in lingual (G) and labial (H) views, SC96.97.30. Lateral tooth in lingual (I) view, SC96.97.31. JL. Rhizoprionodon?ganntourensis. Anterolateral tooth in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, SC2013.38.98. Lateral tooth in lingual view (L), SC2013.38.99. MP. Hemipristis sp. cf. He. curvatus. Upper left lateral tooth in lingual (M) and labial (N) views, SC2001.1.21. Lower right anterior tooth in lingual (O) and labial (P) views, SC2013.28.35. Q, R. Negaprion gilmorei. Upper right anterior tooth in lingual (Q) view, SC2013.38.61. Lower right anterolateral tooth in lingual (R) view, SC2013.38.64. Scale bars=1 cm in AF, MN, QR; 5 mm in GL, OP." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13750249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13750249/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
); SC2013.38.100, 18 teeth; SC2013.38.101, 32 teeth; SC2013.38.102, eight posterior teeth; SC2013.38.103, eight distal lateral teeth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C354653BFE22FF8DA98DF8ECFAD2FD8C" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF136B0FE22FF8DA98DF8ECFAD2FD8C" blockId="11.[112,801,1583,1927]" lastBlockId="11.[832,1521,195,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DA98DF8ECFECBF8F1" bold="true" box="[144,264,1795,1821]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
—One hundred thirteen Dry Branch Formation teeth are similar to those of extant
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE22FF8DAB4AF8C9FCD9F8AC" authorityName="WHITLEY" authorityYear="1929" box="[599,794,1830,1856]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Rhizoprionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DAB4AF8C9FCD9F8AC" box="[599,794,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Rhizoprionodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and to Eocene
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DA83CF8A6FDD5F88F" box="[289,534,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Rhiz. ganntourensis,</emphasis>
in particular. The distal heel of
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE22FF8DA9F7F883FE68F86A" authorityName="WHITLEY" authorityYear="1929" box="[234,427,1900,1926]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Rhizoprionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DA9F7F883FE68F86A" box="[234,427,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Rhizoprionodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DAB32F883FCD9F86A" box="[559,794,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Rhiz. ganntourensis</emphasis>
, is generally cuspidate (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B41FE22FF8DAD7FFF2CFAF9FF32" author="Arambourg, C." box="[1122,1338,195,222]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref20038" refString="Arambourg, C. 1952. Les vertebres fossils des gisements de phosphates (Maroc-Algerie-Tunisie). Notes et Memoires du Service Geologique du Maroc 92: 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="1952">Arambourg 1952</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B41FE22FF8DAC5AFF2CFC42FEEC" author="Herman, J. &amp; M. Hovestadt-Euler &amp; D. C. Hovestadt" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="73 - 120" refId="ref23104" refString="Herman, J., M. Hovestadt-Euler, and D. C. Hovestadt. 1991. Contributions to the study of the comparative morphology of teeth and other relevant ichthyodorulites in living supraspecific taxa of chondrichthyan fishes. Part A: Selachii. No. 2 c: Order: Carcharhiniformes. Families: Proscylliidae, Hemigaleidae, Pseudotriakidae, Leptochariidae, and Carcharhinidae. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 61: 73 - 120." type="journal article" year="1991">Herman et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B41FE22FF8DAA8CFF09FB9CFEEC" author="Case, G. R. &amp; N. I. Udovichenko &amp; L. A. Nessov &amp; A. O. Averianov &amp; P. D. Borodin" box="[913,1119,230,257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="99 - 126" refId="ref21356" refString="Case, G. R., N. I. Udovichenko, L. A. Nessov, A. O. Averianov, and P. D. Borodin. 1996. A Middle Eocene selachian fauna from the White Mountain Formation of the Kizylkum Desert, Uzbekistan, C. I. S. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 242 (4 - 6): 99 - 126." type="journal article" year="1996">Case et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
, Noubhani and Cappetta 1997, Mustafa et al. 2005), but our specimens lack enameloid and this feature is not preserved. However, we examined a tooth of
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DAAE3FEBFFBF7FE86" box="[1022,1076,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Rhiz</emphasis>
. sp. cf.
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DAD93FEBFFABCFE85" box="[1166,1407,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Rhiz. ganntourensis</emphasis>
that was recovered by Zullo and Kite (1985) from the Griffins Landing Sand (see Appendix 1), and found that it is very similar to the material listed above. The well preserved Griffins Landing Sand tooth exhibits a cuspidate distal heel, but the translucent enameloid allows us to view the unifromly convex dentine core of the heel, as can be seen on the specimens in our sample.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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