274 lines
35 KiB
XML
274 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="445300846584F5F835F304625EE39911" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.282522" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8cf75f55-a7cd-41e9-b1dd-81e7f682a902" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="282522" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460542058909" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Saucède, Thomas, Dudicourt, Jean-Christophe & Courville, Philippe" docDate="2012" docId="03E487FAFF8BFFEDFF2EF931FEADF89C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03512p088.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3512" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Salvaster roberti" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="FFDDFF82FF8EFFEBFFB9FF54FF9EFF98" masterDocTitle="Description of two new fossil echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from the Early Hauterivian (Early Cretaceous) of the Paris Basin (France)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1698317221665" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="C0DA6F68A7CC1FB2F3C420AE07709EC6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F3AFA3CDA489730DE197168AAB975E36">
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<mods:title id="C01836BBCDA25F66610F5497AAA5EA5B">Description of two new fossil echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from the Early Hauterivian (Early Cretaceous) of the Paris Basin (France)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="5F6CDC9942B6FF556BEEA1278AE43B7B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6ED619EA41C7E7BEC7DDE322819496AC">Saucède, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="77237CA64446B4A4092103FEF62F5FF0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9F2D2EA46AFB4796E07663CDA5FFEDE0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3A8095A3C9BA744A0C5AF9814AD2863B">Dudicourt, Jean-Christophe</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9F8479A0A979DECCF59FC3C2D7DBE8B7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CD6B6A45FE11CDF37EF9D5D05228ACE2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BC1F350A02AE2B8C93A7935CCA9BD226">Courville, Philippe</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6E2FA0A9719A11C8954100E463CA3118">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2B9BC398C8233D8EAE72BB97732A9622">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BBC84450D973F60873F992AC0C5FE142">
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<mods:date id="14B8B5592CD4E8D81E5EB6AFC12C648D">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="672C2405C7664C6DE5EB9E0887BF592B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2B5AC1F920428F28D89CF144A3733B96">3512</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="849C6BF92E8BC5B5C36918D5A14B2203">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="163C70A19BA4CAC83B832CE5C9966944" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.282522</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6FCAF1D91118F4EC5A7478349DA1533C" type="GBIF-Dataset">8cf75f55-a7cd-41e9-b1dd-81e7f682a902</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="42DAF726E33D57EAE9E681230854D475" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A22C95D93959CABA8E28F7B48107A719" type="Zenodo-Dep">282522</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E487FAFF8BFFEDFF2EF931FEADF89C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5694037" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119528311" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5694037" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487FAFF8BFFEDFF2EF931FEADF89C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487FAFF8BFFEDFF2EF931FEADF89C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
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<subSubSection id="C3576567FF8BFFEEFF2EF931FE04F938" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF236ECFF8BFFEEFF2EF931FD82F9E7" blockId="5.[151,540,1637,1696]" box="[151,540,1637,1663]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
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<heading id="D0BA8180FF8BFFEEFF2EF931FD82F9E7" bold="true" box="[151,540,1637,1663]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF8BFFEEFF2EF931FD82F9E7" bold="true" box="[151,540,1637,1663]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF8BFFEEFF2EF931FEC1F9E7" ID-CoL="6XFSC" box="[151,351,1637,1663]" class="Echinoidea" genus="Salvaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="roberti">
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<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF8BFFEEFF2EF931FEC1F9E7" bold="true" box="[151,351,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Salvaster roberti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. nov.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236ECFF8BFFEEFF2EF9DCFE04F938" blockId="5.[151,540,1637,1696]" box="[151,410,1672,1696]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
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<figureCitation id="13762A69FF8BFFEEFF2EF9DCFF61F938" box="[151,255,1672,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1569,1592]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,662,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[187,1400,662,1548]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A-E, Salvaster roberti gen. et sp. nov., holotype, UBGD 277467, Calcaires à Spatangues Fm, Saint-Sauveur; apical (A), lateral (B), oral (C), frontal (D) and posterior (E) views of test, x 2.2. Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282524/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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A–E & 3A–B
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3576567FF8BFFEEFF2EF985FE8DF8E0" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF236ECFF8BFFEEFF2EF985FC97F894" blockId="5.[151,1436,1744,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF8BFFEEFF2EF985FE95F971" bold="true" box="[151,267,1745,1769]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
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<typeStatus id="54F6884EFF8BFFEEFF2EF985FE98F971" box="[151,262,1745,1769]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="54F6884EFF8BFFEEFEF2F984FE33F970" box="[331,429,1744,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and only known specimen is
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<collectionCode id="ED5CAE29FF8BFFEEFCB6F984FCC1F970" box="[783,863,1744,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">UBGD</collectionCode>
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277467 (
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<figureCitation id="13762A69FF8BFFEEFC69F984FBBFF970" box="[976,1057,1744,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1569,1592]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,662,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[187,1400,662,1548]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A-E, Salvaster roberti gen. et sp. nov., holotype, UBGD 277467, Calcaires à Spatangues Fm, Saint-Sauveur; apical (A), lateral (B), oral (C), frontal (D) and posterior (E) views of test, x 2.2. Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282524/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="13762A69FF8BFFEEFBE6F984FBF3F970" box="[1119,1133,1744,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A – B" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1343,1366]" captionTargetBox="[187,1405,603,1306]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,589,1322]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. A – B, drawings of plate pattern in Salvaster roberti gen. et sp. nov., holotype, UBGD 277467; apical system (A) and plastron (B)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282525/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">3</figureCitation>
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) housed in the geological collections of Université de Bourgogne (Dijon,
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<collectingCountry id="F35A767CFF8BFFEEFD15F9A0FD63F894" box="[684,765,1780,1804]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">France</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236ECFF8BFFEEFF7EF84DFE8DF8E0" blockId="5.[151,1436,1744,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF8BFFEEFF7EF84DFEF9F8A9" bold="true" box="[199,359,1816,1841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
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<typeStatus id="54F6884EFF8BFFEEFF7EF84DFE9EF8A9" box="[199,256,1817,1841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Collected by P. Robert at “Les Rèbles” (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE79502BFF8BFFEEFCEBF84CFC2BF8A8" box="[850,949,1816,1840]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" precision="925" value="47.583332">47°35’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE79502BFF8BFFEEFC7FF84CFBBAF8A8" box="[966,1060,1816,1840]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" precision="925" value="3.2166667">03°13’E</geoCoordinate>
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) near Saint-Sauveur-en-Puisaye, Yonne,
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<collectingCountry id="F35A767CFF8BFFEEFF4CF869FEDBF8CC" box="[245,325,1853,1876]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">France</collectingCountry>
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; Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF8BFFEEFD68F869FC7FF8CD" box="[721,993,1853,1877]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Berriasellidae" genus="Acanthodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="radiatus">
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<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF8BFFEEFD68F869FC7FF8CD" box="[721,993,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Acanthodiscus radiatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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chronozone, Calcaires à Spatangues Formation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3576567FF8BFFEEFF7EF8D1FA1DF804" box="[199,1411,1924,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BF236ECFF8BFFEEFF7EF8D1FA1DF804" blockId="5.[151,1436,1744,2021]" box="[199,1411,1924,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF8BFFEEFF7EF8D1FED0F805" bold="true" box="[199,334,1925,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Etymology.</emphasis>
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After the last name of Mr. P. Robert who collected the specimen in the field in
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<date id="FFF3102CFF8BFFEEFB7EF8D0FAE1F804" box="[1223,1407,1924,1948]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" value="1995-11">November 1995</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3576567FF8BFFEEFF7EF8FCFD37F859" box="[199,681,1960,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF236ECFF8BFFEEFF7EF8FCFD37F859" blockId="5.[151,1436,1744,2021]" box="[199,681,1960,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF8BFFEEFF7EF8FCFEDFF859" bold="true" box="[199,321,1960,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F35A767CFF8BFFEEFEF1F8FDFEF9F859" box="[328,359,1961,1985]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">As</collectingCountry>
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for the genus, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3576567FF8BFFEDFF7EF898FE9AFC5F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF236ECFF8BFFEDFF7EF898FD2BFE1F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1744,2021]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,1796]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF8BFFEEFF7EF898FEC7F87D" bold="true" box="[199,345,1996,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Description.</emphasis>
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Test length is 21.5 mm, test width 19.4 mm and test height 14.2 mm. In apical view, test outline ovate, deeply indented anteriorly (
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<figureCitation id="13762A69FF88FFEDFDA7FFC3FDFAFF37" box="[542,612,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1569,1592]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,662,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[187,1400,662,1548]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A-E, Salvaster roberti gen. et sp. nov., holotype, UBGD 277467, Calcaires à Spatangues Fm, Saint-Sauveur; apical (A), lateral (B), oral (C), frontal (D) and posterior (E) views of test, x 2.2. Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282524/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A). In lateral view, gross shape rectangular with apical side inflated and convex (
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<figureCitation id="13762A69FF88FFEDFF4EFFE8FEA5FF4C" box="[247,315,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1569,1592]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,662,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[187,1400,662,1548]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A-E, Salvaster roberti gen. et sp. nov., holotype, UBGD 277467, Calcaires à Spatangues Fm, Saint-Sauveur; apical (A), lateral (B), oral (C), frontal (D) and posterior (E) views of test, x 2.2. Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282524/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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B). Lateral flanks gently and evenly curved towards the ambitus. Ambitus low, situated at the lowest third of test height. Ambulacrum III deeply sunken, forming a conspicuous and narrow frontal groove running from the apex down to the peristome (
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<figureCitation id="13762A69FF88FFEDFDA1FE50FDC3FE84" box="[536,605,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1569,1592]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,662,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[187,1400,662,1548]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A-E, Salvaster roberti gen. et sp. nov., holotype, UBGD 277467, Calcaires à Spatangues Fm, Saint-Sauveur; apical (A), lateral (B), oral (C), frontal (D) and posterior (E) views of test, x 2.2. Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282524/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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C–D). Groove vertical at the ambitus, evenly curved below towards the peristome and above towards the apex. Groove adjoining interambulacra 2 and 3 forming sharp keels on each side. Posterior end of test truncated, vertical and narrow, with two weak posterior bulges, visible in oral view (
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<figureCitation id="13762A69FF88FFEDFA8FFE18FAE4FEFC" box="[1334,1402,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1569,1592]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,662,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[187,1400,662,1548]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A-E, Salvaster roberti gen. et sp. nov., holotype, UBGD 277467, Calcaires à Spatangues Fm, Saint-Sauveur; apical (A), lateral (B), oral (C), frontal (D) and posterior (E) views of test, x 2.2. Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282524/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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C). Oral surface grooved with depressed ambulacra.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236ECFF88FFEDFF7EFEC0FE2EFDC7" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
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Apical system nearly central, the distance between the apical centre and the anterior side is 47% of test length. There are ten apical plates: four genital plates, five ocular plates and one supplementary plate (
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<figureCitation id="13762A69FF88FFEDFB5FFEE3FADDFE57" box="[1254,1347,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A – B" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1343,1366]" captionTargetBox="[187,1405,603,1306]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,589,1322]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. A – B, drawings of plate pattern in Salvaster roberti gen. et sp. nov., holotype, UBGD 277467; apical system (A) and plastron (B)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282525/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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). Plates arranged in the intercalary pattern, which means that anterior genitals 2 and 3 are separated from posterior genitals 1 and 4 by oculars II and IV (
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<figureCitation id="13762A69FF88FFEDFE5BFEABFDA2FD8F" box="[482,572,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A – B" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1343,1366]" captionTargetBox="[187,1405,603,1306]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,589,1322]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. A – B, drawings of plate pattern in Salvaster roberti gen. et sp. nov., holotype, UBGD 277467; apical system (A) and plastron (B)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282525/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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). Supplementary plate located between the anterior ocular pair II and IV, and the posterior genital pair 1 and 4. Each genital perforated by one gonopore. Genital 2, the largest apical plate, is forming the madreporite.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236ECFF88FFEDFF7EFD38FD5EFD54" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
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Periproct supramarginal, oval, vertical and flush with the test. It is located at the top of the posterior side (
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<figureCitation id="13762A69FF88FFEDFAD7FD38FF38FD3F" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1569,1592]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,662,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[187,1400,662,1548]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A-E, Salvaster roberti gen. et sp. nov., holotype, UBGD 277467, Calcaires à Spatangues Fm, Saint-Sauveur; apical (A), lateral (B), oral (C), frontal (D) and posterior (E) views of test, x 2.2. Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282524/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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E). Peristome circular in outline and anterior in position, the distance to the anterior side is ca. 40% of test length. The peristome slightly faces in anterior direction.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236ECFF88FFEDFF7EFD83FE9AFC5F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
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Ambulacra flush with test above the ambitus. Ambulacral plates much smaller than interambulacral plates. Small, simple ambulacral pore-pairs, the two columns equally developed, but pores mostly indistinct. Paired interambulacra composed of rectangular plates, wider than high adorally. Plastron raised and slightly keeled, protosternous with plating behind the labrum biserial and undifferentiated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A69FF88FFEDFBBAFC10FBC1FCC4" box="[1027,1119,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A – B" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1343,1366]" captionTargetBox="[187,1405,603,1306]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,589,1322]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. A – B, drawings of plate pattern in Salvaster roberti gen. et sp. nov., holotype, UBGD 277467; apical system (A) and plastron (B)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282525/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Next plates progressively enlarged backwards. Apical side covered with few and evenly scattered tubercles. Inner margin of the anterior groove more densely tuberculated, as well as the oral side, mostly on interambulacral plates. Fascioles are not available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3576567FF88FFEDFF7EFC80FE5FFA7C" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236ECFF88FFEDFF7EFC80FE5FFA7C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFF7EFC80FEA0FC74" bold="true" box="[199,318,980,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The intercalary apical plating of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFD74FC81FCA2FC74" box="[717,828,980,1004]" class="Echinoidea" genus="Salvaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="roberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFD74FC81FCA2FC74" box="[717,828,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">S. roberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov. is a diagnostic feature of the order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFF2EFCA3FEB5FB97" box="[151,299,1015,1039]" class="Echinoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Holasteroida</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the protosternous plastron a plesiomorphic condition present in the stem group Meridosternata (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B1DFF88FFEDFEEFFB48FE7BFBAC" author="Smith" box="[342,485,1052,1076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" refString="Smith, A. B. (2004) Phylogeny and systematics of holasteroid echinoids and their migration into the deep-sea. Palaeontology, 47, 123 - 150." type="journal article" year="2004">Smith 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Despite a very peculiar test shape,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFC2DFB49FB9DFBAC" box="[916,1027,1052,1076]" class="Echinoidea" genus="Salvaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="roberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFC2DFB49FB9DFBAC" box="[916,1027,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">S. roberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov. has most affinities with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFEFCFB14FD0DFBCF" authority="Pomel (1883)" authorityName="Pomel" authorityYear="1883" box="[325,659,1087,1112]" class="Echinoidea" family="Pseudholasteridae" genus="Pseudholaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFEFCFB14FE75FBC0" box="[325,491,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Pseudholaster</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B1DFF88FFEDFE4BFB6BFD0DFBCF" author="Pomel" box="[498,659,1087,1111]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" refString="Pomel, A. (1883) Classification Methodique et Genera des Echinides Vivants et Fossiles. Jourdan, Alger, 131 pp." type="book" year="1883">Pomel (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is known from the Hauterivian to the Paleocene and its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F6884EFF88FFEDFAD3FB14FA02FBC0" box="[1386,1436,1088,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFF4EFB30FDB3FBE4" box="[247,557,1124,1148]" class="Echinoidea" family="Pseudholasteridae" genus="Pseudholaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bicarinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFF4EFB30FDB3FBE4" box="[247,557,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Pseudholaster bicarinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Agassiz, in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B1DFF88FFEDFD6EFB30FC71FBE4" author="Agassiz" box="[727,1007,1124,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" refString="Agassiz, L. & Desor, E. (1847) Catalogue Raisonne des Especes, de Genres, et des Familles d'Echinides. Part 1. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 3 (7), 129 - 168." type="journal article" year="1847">Agassiz & Desor 1847</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from the Albian and Cenomanian (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B1DFF88FFEDFF26FBD3FE3AFB07" author="Smith" box="[159,420,1159,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" refString="Smith, A. B. & Wright, C. W. (2003) British Cretaceous echinoids. Part 7, Atelostomata, 1. Holasteroida. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, London, 440 - 568." type="journal article" year="2003">Smith & Wright 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B1DFF88FFEDFE08FBD3FDA5FB07" author="Smith" box="[433,571,1159,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" refString="Smith, A. B. (2004) Phylogeny and systematics of holasteroid echinoids and their migration into the deep-sea. Palaeontology, 47, 123 - 150." type="journal article" year="2004">Smith 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both genera present a deep frontal groove running from the apex to the peristome, although the interambulacra adjoining the frontal sulcus do not form such a sharp keel in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFF2EFB84FEA3FB70" box="[151,317,1232,1256]" class="Echinoidea" family="Pseudholasteridae" genus="Pseudholaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFF2EFB84FEA3FB70" box="[151,317,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Pseudholaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. as compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFD84FB84FD33FB70" box="[573,685,1232,1256]" class="Echinoidea" genus="Salvaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="roberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFD84FB84FD33FB70" box="[573,685,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">S. roberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov.. In both genera, the peristome is oval, slightly inclined and typically facing to the anterior, and the protosternous plastron is slightly keeled.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFB4FFBA0FA02FA94" box="[1270,1436,1268,1292]" class="Echinoidea" family="Pseudholasteridae" genus="Pseudholaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFB4FFBA0FA02FA94" box="[1270,1436,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Pseudholaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. differ by their cordate test shape, almost petaloid ambulacra and the absence of supplementary plates in the apical system.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFEC2FA68FCF2FACC" authority="Cotteau 1858" authorityName="Cotteau" authorityYear="1858" box="[379,876,1340,1364]" class="Echinoidea" family="Pseudholasteridae" genus="Taphraster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="campicheanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFEC2FA68FD34FACC" box="[379,682,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Taphraster campicheanus</emphasis>
|
||
(Cotteau 1858)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a ‘basal holasteroid’ from the Hauterivian of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A767CFF88FFEDFF2EFA0BFEBCFAEF" box="[151,290,1375,1399]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
is also characterized by a deep frontal groove (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B1DFF88FFEDFCF9FA0BFC53FAEF" author="Smith" box="[832,973,1375,1399]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" refString="Smith, A. B. (2004) Phylogeny and systematics of holasteroid echinoids and their migration into the deep-sea. Palaeontology, 47, 123 - 150." type="journal article" year="2004">Smith 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFBEFFA35FA89FAE0" box="[1110,1303,1376,1400]" class="Echinoidea" family="Pseudholasteridae" genus="Taphraster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="campicheanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFBEFFA35FA89FAE0" box="[1110,1303,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">T. campicheanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFF6EFAD1FEDBFA04" box="[215,325,1412,1436]" class="Echinoidea" genus="Salvaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="roberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFF6EFAD1FEDBFA04" box="[215,325,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">S. roberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its slightly depressed paired ambulacra and downward projecting subanal region. Details of the apical and plastron plating of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFDA2FAFDFD42FA58" box="[539,732,1448,1472]" class="Echinoidea" family="Pseudholasteridae" genus="Taphraster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="campicheanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFDA2FAFDFD42FA58" box="[539,732,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">T. campicheanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are insufficiently known to precise its potential affinity with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFF2EFA99FE9AFA7C" box="[151,260,1484,1508]" class="Echinoidea" genus="Salvaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="roberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFF2EFA99FE9AFA7C" box="[151,260,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">S. roberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov..
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3576567FF88FFEDFF7EFAA4FEADF89C" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236ECFF88FFEDFF7EFAA4FEADF89C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFF5EFAA4FECCF990" ID-CoL="6XFSC" box="[231,338,1520,1544]" class="Echinoidea" genus="Salvaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="roberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFF5EFAA4FECCF990" box="[231,338,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">S. roberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov., the most distinctive feature is the presence of a very deep and sharply rimmed frontal groove. The occurrence of a frontal groove is not that atypical in atelostomates. It is closely related to the way echinoids feed and is a convergent, more or less pronounced character in atelostomates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B1DFF88FFEDFB10F963FAAEF9D7" author="Smith" box="[1193,1328,1591,1615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" refString="Smith, A. B. (1984) Echinoid Palaeobiology (Special Topics in Palaeontology, 1). Allen & Unwin, London, 190 pp." type="book" year="1984">Smith 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B1DFF88FFEDFA82F963FAE6F9D7" author="Smith" box="[1339,1400,1591,1615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" refString="Smith, A. B. (2004) Phylogeny and systematics of holasteroid echinoids and their migration into the deep-sea. Palaeontology, 47, 123 - 150." type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It appeared independently in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFDBFF908FD12F9EC" ID-CoL="7NJ3Q" box="[518,652,1628,1652]" class="Echinoidea" family="Collyritidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Collyritidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFD18F908FCDEF9EC" ID-CoL="82GFC" box="[673,832,1628,1652]" class="Echinoidea" family="Collyritidae" genus="Cardiolampas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Disasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFD18F908FCDEF9EC" box="[673,832,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Cardiolampas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFCEDF908FC44F9EC" ID-CoL="87FJM" box="[852,986,1628,1652]" class="Echinoidea" family="Collyritidae" genus="Cardiopelta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFCEDF908FC44F9EC" box="[852,986,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Cardiopelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFBA4F908FB3FF9EC" ID-CoL="7PVQC" box="[1053,1185,1628,1652]" class="Echinoidea" family="Collyritidae" genus="Proholaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Disasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFBA4F908FB3FF9EC" box="[1053,1185,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Proholaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFAA2F908FA05F9EC" ID-CoL="7NLCH" box="[1307,1435,1628,1652]" class="Echinoidea" family="Tithoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Tithoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFF19F9D4FF62F900" ID-CoL="648HC" box="[160,252,1664,1688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tithonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFF19F9D4FF62F900" box="[160,252,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Tithonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFE81F9D5FE4EF900" ID-CoL="845TM" box="[312,464,1665,1688]" class="Echinoidea" family="Tithoniidae" genus="Tetraromania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFE81F9D5FE4EF900" box="[312,464,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Tetraromania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as soon as the Middle Jurassic and was present in all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFB7FF92BFAD2F90F" ID-CoL="7NJ3Q" box="[1222,1356,1663,1687]" class="Echinoidea" family="Collyritidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Collyritidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the Early Cretaceous (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFED5F9F0FE6CF924" ID-CoL="87FJM" box="[364,498,1700,1724]" class="Echinoidea" family="Collyritidae" genus="Cardiopelta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFED5F9F0FE6CF924" box="[364,498,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Cardiopelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFD95F9F0FD2FF924" ID-CoL="7PVQC" box="[556,689,1700,1724]" class="Echinoidea" family="Collyritidae" genus="Proholaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Disasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAFEFF88FFEDFD95F9F0FD2FF924" box="[556,689,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Proholaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFCAEF9F0FC37F924" ID-CoL="8ZXGY" box="[791,937,1700,1724]" class="Echinoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Holasteroida</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a deep and vertical frontal groove evolved independently in the Cretaceous and Paleocene representatives of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D6FFF88FFEDFC0BF993FB46F947" authority="Pomel 1883" authorityName="Pomel" authorityYear="1883" box="[946,1240,1735,1759]" class="Echinoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraOrder="Cardiasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holasteroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Cardiasterina">
|
||
Cardiasterina
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B1DFF88FFEDFBE9F993FB46F947" author="Pomel" box="[1104,1240,1735,1759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" refString="Pomel, A. (1883) Classification Methodique et Genera des Echinides Vivants et Fossiles. Jourdan, Alger, 131 pp." type="book" year="1883">Pomel 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and ‘stegasterid’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B1DFF88FFEDFF27F9B8FEB9F89C" author="Smith" box="[158,295,1772,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" refString="Smith, A. B. (2004) Phylogeny and systematics of holasteroid echinoids and their migration into the deep-sea. Palaeontology, 47, 123 - 150." type="journal article" year="2004">Smith 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |