215 lines
50 KiB
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215 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="EF16A049F639FF903C77FE6DA358B9CE" ID-CLB-Dataset="7643" ID-DOI="10.1206/906.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="15ad630f-eff2-451d-a5f8-22731ff53851" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4612269" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615992761985" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lipke, Elisabeth & Michalik, Peter" docDate="2015" docId="03E487E0301F21692ED6A21761F47C3D" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2015.396.1-72.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2015 (396)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/906.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310.5:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Escaphiella ramirezi Platnick" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFDDFF98301921612E5DA448625E7969" masterDocTitle="Evolutionary Morphology Of The Primary Male Reproductive System And Spermatozoa Of Goblin Spiders (Oonopidae; Araneae)" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698933598634" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="65A080C40204F2234B187D24754F6375">Evolutionary Morphology Of The Primary Male Reproductive System And Spermatozoa Of Goblin Spiders (Oonopidae; Araneae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E487E0301F21692ED6A21761F47C3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639406" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180671185" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4639406" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E0301F21692ED6A21761F47C3D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487E0301F21692ED6A21761F47C3D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="C357657D301F21672ED6A21763FC7FFA" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6301F21672ED6A21763FC7FFA" blockId="6.[139,642,1631,1683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301F21672ED6A21763827F1F" ID-CoL="3BGK8" authority="Platnick" authorityName="Platnick" box="[139,476,1631,1654]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Escaphiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramirezi">
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301F21672ED6A217632D7F1F" box="[139,371,1631,1654]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Escaphiella ramirezi</emphasis>
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Platnick
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</taxonomicName>
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and Dupérre´, 2009
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C357657D301F21692EC1A2E261F47C3D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6301F21672EC1A2E260D07FB6" blockId="6.[128,654,1706,1759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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SPERM TRANSFER FORM (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301F21672F88A2E2607F7FAB" box="[469,545,1706,1730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[116,155,890,909]" captionTargetBox="[99,1187,214,868]" captionTargetId="figure-273@11.[95,1191,208,868]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Surface reconstruction of sperm transfer form of Escaphiella ramirezi illustrating the shape and arrangement of all four fused sperm cells, as well as the arrangement of an individual sperm and the acrosomal filament of an individual sperm. All AVs are located in the centre of the sperm conjugate (arrow), as indicated for one AV. Two sperm coil clockwise, while the remaining two coil counterclockwise. Note the extremely thick AF and the very thin, flag shaped peN (asterisk)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612289/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">figs. 6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301F21672C73A2E260617FAB" box="[558,575,1706,1730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Characteristics of synspermia of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: Due to the peculiar shape of the bonelike sperm conjugate cross sections are either oval shaped or spherical. B: A small VA surrounds the sperm cell components secondarily. C: Numerous Golgi derivatives, sometimes attached to the membrane of the syncytium are visible within the sperm conjugate; a thin secretion sheath surround the entire synspermium. D: The AVs have a narrow subacrosomal space from which the AF originates. E: The AF enlarges and extends into the NC but clearly ends before the axonemal base, the postcentriolar elongation is very short and flag shaped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612291/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">7</figureCitation>
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): Very large, elongated synspermia (,70 Mm) that
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6301F21662CE0A1B4630F7CF3" blockId="6.[701,1228,1532,1759]" lastBlockId="7.[93,620,1146,1759]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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comprise four spermatozoa (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301F21672A5EA1B466297F7B" box="[1027,1143,1532,1554]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Characteristics of synspermia of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: Due to the peculiar shape of the bonelike sperm conjugate cross sections are either oval shaped or spherical. B: A small VA surrounds the sperm cell components secondarily. C: Numerous Golgi derivatives, sometimes attached to the membrane of the syncytium are visible within the sperm conjugate; a thin secretion sheath surround the entire synspermium. D: The AVs have a narrow subacrosomal space from which the AF originates. E: The AF enlarges and extends into the NC but clearly ends before the axonemal base, the postcentriolar elongation is very short and flag shaped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612291/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
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). Overall shape of this sperm conjugate bonelike (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301F21672C98A27F615B7F24" box="[709,773,1591,1613]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[116,155,890,909]" captionTargetBox="[99,1187,214,868]" captionTargetId="figure-273@11.[95,1191,208,868]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Surface reconstruction of sperm transfer form of Escaphiella ramirezi illustrating the shape and arrangement of all four fused sperm cells, as well as the arrangement of an individual sperm and the acrosomal filament of an individual sperm. All AVs are located in the centre of the sperm conjugate (arrow), as indicated for one AV. Two sperm coil clockwise, while the remaining two coil counterclockwise. Note the extremely thick AF and the very thin, flag shaped peN (asterisk)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612289/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). A slender vesicular area surrounds all sperm-cell components (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301F21672DBFA21C66DA7F03" box="[994,1156,1620,1642]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Characteristics of synspermia of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: Due to the peculiar shape of the bonelike sperm conjugate cross sections are either oval shaped or spherical. B: A small VA surrounds the sperm cell components secondarily. C: Numerous Golgi derivatives, sometimes attached to the membrane of the syncytium are visible within the sperm conjugate; a thin secretion sheath surround the entire synspermium. D: The AVs have a narrow subacrosomal space from which the AF originates. E: The AF enlarges and extends into the NC but clearly ends before the axonemal base, the postcentriolar elongation is very short and flag shaped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612291/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fig. 7B, D, E</figureCitation>
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). The acrosomal vacuoles, which represent the anterior pole of sperm are located in the middle of the sperm conjugate (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301F21672A77A2E466347FAB" box="[1066,1130,1708,1730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[116,155,890,909]" captionTargetBox="[99,1187,214,868]" captionTargetId="figure-273@11.[95,1191,208,868]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Surface reconstruction of sperm transfer form of Escaphiella ramirezi illustrating the shape and arrangement of all four fused sperm cells, as well as the arrangement of an individual sperm and the acrosomal filament of an individual sperm. All AVs are located in the centre of the sperm conjugate (arrow), as indicated for one AV. Two sperm coil clockwise, while the remaining two coil counterclockwise. Note the extremely thick AF and the very thin, flag shaped peN (asterisk)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612289/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fig. 6</figureCitation>
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, arrow), Two sperm arranged opposed to each other (two sperm coil clockwise, the remaining two counter clockwise). Cytoplasm of the sperm conjugate electron lucent. Numerous, circular Golgi derivatives are present, mainly located in the periphery of the sperm conjugate (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662E38A14562FF7C4D" box="[101,161,1293,1316]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Characteristics of synspermia of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: Due to the peculiar shape of the bonelike sperm conjugate cross sections are either oval shaped or spherical. B: A small VA surrounds the sperm cell components secondarily. C: Numerous Golgi derivatives, sometimes attached to the membrane of the syncytium are visible within the sperm conjugate; a thin secretion sheath surround the entire synspermium. D: The AVs have a narrow subacrosomal space from which the AF originates. E: The AF enlarges and extends into the NC but clearly ends before the axonemal base, the postcentriolar elongation is very short and flag shaped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612291/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fig. 7</figureCitation>
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A–C) and sometimes associated with the membrane of the syncytium (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662C57A16360007C28" box="[522,606,1323,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Characteristics of synspermia of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: Due to the peculiar shape of the bonelike sperm conjugate cross sections are either oval shaped or spherical. B: A small VA surrounds the sperm cell components secondarily. C: Numerous Golgi derivatives, sometimes attached to the membrane of the syncytium are visible within the sperm conjugate; a thin secretion sheath surround the entire synspermium. D: The AVs have a narrow subacrosomal space from which the AF originates. E: The AF enlarges and extends into the NC but clearly ends before the axonemal base, the postcentriolar elongation is very short and flag shaped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612291/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fig. 7C</figureCitation>
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). Synspermia surrounded by a thin (,
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<quantity id="4CB59B13301E21662C4AA100603D7C37" box="[535,611,1352,1374]" metricMagnitude="-8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="nm" value="50.0">50 nm</quantity>
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) secretion sheath (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662F75A12E63C57C15" box="[296,411,1382,1404]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@13.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: The small AV of early spermatids is attached to the cell membrane and separated from the nucleus by distinct electron-dense plates (arrow). B: The AF is thin near its origin within the subacrosomal space but enormously expands while extending into the nucleus. C: Numerous filaments that build the AF are visible in cross sections. D: A manchette of microtublues surrounds the nucleus. The small implantation fossa contains only the centrioles. E: At the end of spermiogenesis the main cell components coil within the cell membrane and two spermatids fuse. F: These large, early sperm conjugates are still connected to each other via cellular bridges (asterisks); a loose, electron-dense network arranges around the sperm cell components, forming a small vesicular area (inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612295/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fig. 8B, C</figureCitation>
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) that is produced in the deferent ducts.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF32667E301E21662E29A7CC60027D38" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612277" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4612277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612277/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[116,155,900,919]" targetBox="[101,1184,211,870]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6301E21662E29A7CC60027D38" blockId="7.[93,1193,900,1105]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Fig. 2. Schematic drawings of the general organization of the primary male reproductive system in
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301E21662E00A7D7628A7ADB" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[93,212,927,946]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oonopidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662EBAA7D662A77AD8" bold="true" box="[231,249,926,945]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A</emphasis>
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: The unpaired, completely fused testis is spherical in most investigated oonopids (
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301E21662E38A7F062AB7AA5" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[101,245,952,972]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Cinetomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662E38A7F062AB7AA5" box="[101,245,952,972]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cinetomorpha</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
sp. (Iguazú),
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662FD3A7F061507AA5" box="[398,782,952,972]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301E21662FD3A7F0603C7AA5" box="[398,610,952,972]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Escaphiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramirezi">Escaphiella ramirezi</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301E21662C32A7F061507AA5" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1881" box="[623,782,952,972]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Gamasomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gamasomorpha</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
cf
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301E21662D68A7F2612F7AA5" authorityName="Biraben" authorityYear="1954" box="[821,881,954,972]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Gamasomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vianai">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662D68A7F2612F7AA5" box="[821,881,954,972]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">vianai</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301E21662DDCA7F266657AA5" authorityName="Grismado and Ramirez" authorityYear="2013" box="[897,1083,954,972]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Neotrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poguazu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662DDCA7F266657AA5" box="[897,1083,954,972]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neotrops poguazu</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301E21662A11A7F262EA7A8E" authorityName="Grismado and Ramirez" authorityYear="2013" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Neotrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pombero">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662A11A7F262EA7A8E" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neotrops pombero</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301E21662E9EA79C63267A8F" authorityName="Grismado and Ramirez" authorityYear="2013" box="[195,376,980,998]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Neotrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="waorani">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662E9EA79C63267A8F" box="[195,376,980,998]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neotrops waorani</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662FDAA79B60E67A8E" box="[391,696,979,999]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301E21662FDAA79B60617A8F" box="[391,575,979,999]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Niarchos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutatus">Niarchos scutatus</taxonomicName>
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||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301E21662C17A79B60E67A8E" box="[586,696,979,999]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Orchestina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1 (Chile)).
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662D0BA79C61387A8E" bold="true" box="[854,870,980,999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B</emphasis>
|
||
: In contrast, the testis of, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301E21662E00A7A663327D6B" baseAuthorityName="Bristowe" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[93,364,1006,1026]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Neoxyphinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="termitophilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662E00A7A663327D6B" box="[93,364,1006,1026]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neoxyphinus termitophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662F24A7A6602C7D68" box="[377,626,1006,1026]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301E21662F24A7A660317D68" box="[377,623,1006,1026]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Paradysderina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusiscuta">Paradysderina fusiscuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301E21662CFBA7A661C17D68" box="[678,927,1006,1026]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Paradysderina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanayacu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662CFBA7A661C17D68" box="[678,927,1006,1026]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Paradysderina yanayacu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are oval.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662A5AA7A666477D68" bold="true" box="[1031,1049,1006,1025]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C</emphasis>
|
||
: The deferent ducts of all investigated species are rather short, except those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301E21662CAEA040613F7D75" box="[755,865,1032,1052]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Orchestina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662CAEA040613F7D75" box="[755,865,1032,1052]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Orchestina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1 (Chile) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301E21662A4AA04066DB7D75" box="[1047,1157,1032,1052]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Orchestina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662A4AA04066DB7D75" box="[1047,1157,1032,1052]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Orchestina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2 (Argentina), which are extremely elongated and convoluted.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662C83A06C60AF7D5E" bold="true" box="[734,753,1060,1079]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D</emphasis>
|
||
: In contrast to all remaining oonopids, the unpaired testis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301E21662F46A07663367D38" box="[283,360,1086,1105]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Oonops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662F46A07663367D38" box="[283,360,1086,1105]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Oonops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (Ibiza) is indented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F6301E21662E27A1E866407CDC" blockId="7.[93,620,1146,1759]" lastBlockId="7.[667,1193,1146,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
SPERMATOZOA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662F16A1E863CC7CD1" box="[331,402,1440,1464]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Characteristics of synspermia of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: Due to the peculiar shape of the bonelike sperm conjugate cross sections are either oval shaped or spherical. B: A small VA surrounds the sperm cell components secondarily. C: Numerous Golgi derivatives, sometimes attached to the membrane of the syncytium are visible within the sperm conjugate; a thin secretion sheath surround the entire synspermium. D: The AVs have a narrow subacrosomal space from which the AF originates. E: The AF enlarges and extends into the NC but clearly ends before the axonemal base, the postcentriolar elongation is very short and flag shaped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612291/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662FF0A1EA62CA7CBC" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acrosomal complex:</emphasis>
|
||
AV very short (,1.9 Mm), cylindrical, narrow subacrosomal space (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662F93A195607B7C9A" box="[462,549,1501,1523]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@13.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: The small AV of early spermatids is attached to the cell membrane and separated from the nucleus by distinct electron-dense plates (arrow). B: The AF is thin near its origin within the subacrosomal space but enormously expands while extending into the nucleus. C: Numerous filaments that build the AF are visible in cross sections. D: A manchette of microtublues surrounds the nucleus. The small implantation fossa contains only the centrioles. E: At the end of spermiogenesis the main cell components coil within the cell membrane and two spermatids fuse. F: These large, early sperm conjugates are still connected to each other via cellular bridges (asterisks); a loose, electron-dense network arranges around the sperm cell components, forming a small vesicular area (inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612295/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
). AF originates from the subacrosomal space of the acrosomal vacuole and extends into the nuclear canal; ends in the region of the axonemal base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662F47A21B63327F01" box="[282,364,1619,1641]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Characteristics of synspermia of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: Due to the peculiar shape of the bonelike sperm conjugate cross sections are either oval shaped or spherical. B: A small VA surrounds the sperm cell components secondarily. C: Numerous Golgi derivatives, sometimes attached to the membrane of the syncytium are visible within the sperm conjugate; a thin secretion sheath surround the entire synspermium. D: The AVs have a narrow subacrosomal space from which the AF originates. E: The AF enlarges and extends into the NC but clearly ends before the axonemal base, the postcentriolar elongation is very short and flag shaped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612291/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
); extremely elongated (,125.2 Mm) and for most part remarkably large, resembling the most prominent cell component (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662EADA2E4631D7FA8" box="[240,323,1708,1730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Characteristics of synspermia of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: Due to the peculiar shape of the bonelike sperm conjugate cross sections are either oval shaped or spherical. B: A small VA surrounds the sperm cell components secondarily. C: Numerous Golgi derivatives, sometimes attached to the membrane of the syncytium are visible within the sperm conjugate; a thin secretion sheath surround the entire synspermium. D: The AVs have a narrow subacrosomal space from which the AF originates. E: The AF enlarges and extends into the NC but clearly ends before the axonemal base, the postcentriolar elongation is very short and flag shaped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612291/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662F05A2E463E47FA8" bold="true" box="[344,442,1708,1729]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nucleus:</emphasis>
|
||
prcN extremely elongated (,126 Mm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662FC8A281638A7FB6" box="[405,468,1737,1759]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[116,155,890,909]" captionTargetBox="[99,1187,214,868]" captionTargetId="figure-273@11.[95,1191,208,868]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Surface reconstruction of sperm transfer form of Escaphiella ramirezi illustrating the shape and arrangement of all four fused sperm cells, as well as the arrangement of an individual sperm and the acrosomal filament of an individual sperm. All AVs are located in the centre of the sperm conjugate (arrow), as indicated for one AV. Two sperm coil clockwise, while the remaining two coil counterclockwise. Note the extremely thick AF and the very thin, flag shaped peN (asterisk)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612289/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most pro- minent part of the prcN is the nuclear canal that contains the massive acrosomal filament (see above,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662D77A0FD612D7DA2" box="[810,883,1205,1227]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[116,155,890,909]" captionTargetBox="[99,1187,214,868]" captionTargetId="figure-273@11.[95,1191,208,868]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Surface reconstruction of sperm transfer form of Escaphiella ramirezi illustrating the shape and arrangement of all four fused sperm cells, as well as the arrangement of an individual sperm and the acrosomal filament of an individual sperm. All AVs are located in the centre of the sperm conjugate (arrow), as indicated for one AV. Two sperm coil clockwise, while the remaining two coil counterclockwise. Note the extremely thick AF and the very thin, flag shaped peN (asterisk)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612289/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662DDEA0FD61CF7DA3" box="[899,913,1205,1226]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Characteristics of synspermia of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: Due to the peculiar shape of the bonelike sperm conjugate cross sections are either oval shaped or spherical. B: A small VA surrounds the sperm cell components secondarily. C: Numerous Golgi derivatives, sometimes attached to the membrane of the syncytium are visible within the sperm conjugate; a thin secretion sheath surround the entire synspermium. D: The AVs have a narrow subacrosomal space from which the AF originates. E: The AF enlarges and extends into the NC but clearly ends before the axonemal base, the postcentriolar elongation is very short and flag shaped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612291/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7</figureCitation>
|
||
B–E). Condensed chromatin is restricted to a small portion around the latter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662D70A0A761347C6C" box="[813,874,1263,1285]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Characteristics of synspermia of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: Due to the peculiar shape of the bonelike sperm conjugate cross sections are either oval shaped or spherical. B: A small VA surrounds the sperm cell components secondarily. C: Numerous Golgi derivatives, sometimes attached to the membrane of the syncytium are visible within the sperm conjugate; a thin secretion sheath surround the entire synspermium. D: The AVs have a narrow subacrosomal space from which the AF originates. E: The AF enlarges and extends into the NC but clearly ends before the axonemal base, the postcentriolar elongation is very short and flag shaped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612291/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B–E). Implantation fossa extremely small, containing only the centrioles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662CA5A16261147C29" box="[760,842,1322,1344]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Characteristics of synspermia of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: Due to the peculiar shape of the bonelike sperm conjugate cross sections are either oval shaped or spherical. B: A small VA surrounds the sperm cell components secondarily. C: Numerous Golgi derivatives, sometimes attached to the membrane of the syncytium are visible within the sperm conjugate; a thin secretion sheath surround the entire synspermium. D: The AVs have a narrow subacrosomal space from which the AF originates. E: The AF enlarges and extends into the NC but clearly ends before the axonemal base, the postcentriolar elongation is very short and flag shaped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612291/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). peN very short (,1.3 Mm) and thin, flag shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662DF8A10F61B17C34" box="[933,1007,1351,1373]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[116,155,890,909]" captionTargetBox="[99,1187,214,868]" captionTargetId="figure-273@11.[95,1191,208,868]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Surface reconstruction of sperm transfer form of Escaphiella ramirezi illustrating the shape and arrangement of all four fused sperm cells, as well as the arrangement of an individual sperm and the acrosomal filament of an individual sperm. All AVs are located in the centre of the sperm conjugate (arrow), as indicated for one AV. Two sperm coil clockwise, while the remaining two coil counterclockwise. Note the extremely thick AF and the very thin, flag shaped peN (asterisk)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612289/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662DA0A100667E7C34" box="[1021,1056,1352,1373]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Characteristics of synspermia of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: Due to the peculiar shape of the bonelike sperm conjugate cross sections are either oval shaped or spherical. B: A small VA surrounds the sperm cell components secondarily. C: Numerous Golgi derivatives, sometimes attached to the membrane of the syncytium are visible within the sperm conjugate; a thin secretion sheath surround the entire synspermium. D: The AVs have a narrow subacrosomal space from which the AF originates. E: The AF enlarges and extends into the NC but clearly ends before the axonemal base, the postcentriolar elongation is very short and flag shaped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612291/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4301E21662A6AA10F66F77C35" bold="true" box="[1079,1193,1351,1372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Axoneme:</emphasis>
|
||
short (,58.4 Mm), 9+3 microtubular pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662CFEA1CA61427CF1" box="[675,796,1410,1432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@12.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Characteristics of synspermia of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: Due to the peculiar shape of the bonelike sperm conjugate cross sections are either oval shaped or spherical. B: A small VA surrounds the sperm cell components secondarily. C: Numerous Golgi derivatives, sometimes attached to the membrane of the syncytium are visible within the sperm conjugate; a thin secretion sheath surround the entire synspermium. D: The AVs have a narrow subacrosomal space from which the AF originates. E: The AF enlarges and extends into the NC but clearly ends before the axonemal base, the postcentriolar elongation is very short and flag shaped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612291/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fig. 7B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
); centrioles arranged rectangularly, proximal centriole very short.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F6301E21692CE5A1F461F47C3D" blockId="7.[667,1193,1146,1759]" lastBlockId="8.[701,1227,1313,1364]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
NOTES ON SPERMIOGENESIS (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662A4FA1F4660D7CBD" box="[1042,1107,1468,1492]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@13.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: The small AV of early spermatids is attached to the cell membrane and separated from the nucleus by distinct electron-dense plates (arrow). B: The AF is thin near its origin within the subacrosomal space but enormously expands while extending into the nucleus. C: Numerous filaments that build the AF are visible in cross sections. D: A manchette of microtublues surrounds the nucleus. The small implantation fossa contains only the centrioles. E: At the end of spermiogenesis the main cell components coil within the cell membrane and two spermatids fuse. F: These large, early sperm conjugates are still connected to each other via cellular bridges (asterisks); a loose, electron-dense network arranges around the sperm cell components, forming a small vesicular area (inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612295/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
): Cysts of developing sperm (mainly early and midspermatids) present within the testis. Early spermatids characterized by a small vesiclelike AV that is attached to the cell membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662CFEA21A60A67F01" box="[675,760,1618,1640]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@13.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: The small AV of early spermatids is attached to the cell membrane and separated from the nucleus by distinct electron-dense plates (arrow). B: The AF is thin near its origin within the subacrosomal space but enormously expands while extending into the nucleus. C: Numerous filaments that build the AF are visible in cross sections. D: A manchette of microtublues surrounds the nucleus. The small implantation fossa contains only the centrioles. E: At the end of spermiogenesis the main cell components coil within the cell membrane and two spermatids fuse. F: These large, early sperm conjugates are still connected to each other via cellular bridges (asterisks); a loose, electron-dense network arranges around the sperm cell components, forming a small vesicular area (inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612295/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Originating from the subacrosomal space, AF comprises only a few filaments in the AV as indicated by cross sections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662A31A2C560ED7FA8" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@13.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: The small AV of early spermatids is attached to the cell membrane and separated from the nucleus by distinct electron-dense plates (arrow). B: The AF is thin near its origin within the subacrosomal space but enormously expands while extending into the nucleus. C: Numerous filaments that build the AF are visible in cross sections. D: A manchette of microtublues surrounds the nucleus. The small implantation fossa contains only the centrioles. E: At the end of spermiogenesis the main cell components coil within the cell membrane and two spermatids fuse. F: These large, early sperm conjugates are still connected to each other via cellular bridges (asterisks); a loose, electron-dense network arranges around the sperm cell components, forming a small vesicular area (inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612295/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fig. 8 A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, it expands to a massive rod composed of numerous filaments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301E21662A70A28166367FB6" box="[1069,1128,1737,1759]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@13.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: The small AV of early spermatids is attached to the cell membrane and separated from the nucleus by distinct electron-dense plates (arrow). B: The AF is thin near its origin within the subacrosomal space but enormously expands while extending into the nucleus. C: Numerous filaments that build the AF are visible in cross sections. D: A manchette of microtublues surrounds the nucleus. The small implantation fossa contains only the centrioles. E: At the end of spermiogenesis the main cell components coil within the cell membrane and two spermatids fuse. F: These large, early sperm conjugates are still connected to each other via cellular bridges (asterisks); a loose, electron-dense network arranges around the sperm cell components, forming a small vesicular area (inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612295/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
B–D) within NC. Nucleus is surrounded by a manchette of microtubules and chromatin appears fibrillar in early and midspermatids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301121692ED5A131635D7CE6" box="[136,259,1401,1423]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@13.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: The small AV of early spermatids is attached to the cell membrane and separated from the nucleus by distinct electron-dense plates (arrow). B: The AF is thin near its origin within the subacrosomal space but enormously expands while extending into the nucleus. C: Numerous filaments that build the AF are visible in cross sections. D: A manchette of microtublues surrounds the nucleus. The small implantation fossa contains only the centrioles. E: At the end of spermiogenesis the main cell components coil within the cell membrane and two spermatids fuse. F: These large, early sperm conjugates are still connected to each other via cellular bridges (asterisks); a loose, electron-dense network arranges around the sperm cell components, forming a small vesicular area (inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612295/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fig. 8B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). While nucleus elongates, condensed chromatin constricted to a small portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301121692EB6A1FB631F7CA0" box="[235,321,1459,1481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@13.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: The small AV of early spermatids is attached to the cell membrane and separated from the nucleus by distinct electron-dense plates (arrow). B: The AF is thin near its origin within the subacrosomal space but enormously expands while extending into the nucleus. C: Numerous filaments that build the AF are visible in cross sections. D: A manchette of microtublues surrounds the nucleus. The small implantation fossa contains only the centrioles. E: At the end of spermiogenesis the main cell components coil within the cell membrane and two spermatids fuse. F: These large, early sperm conjugates are still connected to each other via cellular bridges (asterisks); a loose, electron-dense network arranges around the sperm cell components, forming a small vesicular area (inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612295/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
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). Axoneme originates from the distal centriole (
|
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301121692FDFA199638A7C8E" box="[386,468,1489,1511]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@13.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: The small AV of early spermatids is attached to the cell membrane and separated from the nucleus by distinct electron-dense plates (arrow). B: The AF is thin near its origin within the subacrosomal space but enormously expands while extending into the nucleus. C: Numerous filaments that build the AF are visible in cross sections. D: A manchette of microtublues surrounds the nucleus. The small implantation fossa contains only the centrioles. E: At the end of spermiogenesis the main cell components coil within the cell membrane and two spermatids fuse. F: These large, early sperm conjugates are still connected to each other via cellular bridges (asterisks); a loose, electron-dense network arranges around the sperm cell components, forming a small vesicular area (inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612295/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fig. 8E</figureCitation>
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). Occasionally, small electron-dense spots are present in the periphery, likely inside NC, associated with AF. At the end of spermiogenesis, several spermatids start to fuse, resulting in voluminous sperm conjugates that remain connected to each other via cellular bridges (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301121692C4CA2C2603C7FC8" box="[529,610,1674,1697]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@13.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: The small AV of early spermatids is attached to the cell membrane and separated from the nucleus by distinct electron-dense plates (arrow). B: The AF is thin near its origin within the subacrosomal space but enormously expands while extending into the nucleus. C: Numerous filaments that build the AF are visible in cross sections. D: A manchette of microtublues surrounds the nucleus. The small implantation fossa contains only the centrioles. E: At the end of spermiogenesis the main cell components coil within the cell membrane and two spermatids fuse. F: These large, early sperm conjugates are still connected to each other via cellular bridges (asterisks); a loose, electron-dense network arranges around the sperm cell components, forming a small vesicular area (inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612295/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fig. 8F</figureCitation>
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). A loose, electron-dense network of fused vesicles, representing an early stage vesicular area, surrounds all main sperm cell components (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301121692D51A17661057C3A" box="[780,859,1342,1364]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@13.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Escaphiella ramirezi. A: The small AV of early spermatids is attached to the cell membrane and separated from the nucleus by distinct electron-dense plates (arrow). B: The AF is thin near its origin within the subacrosomal space but enormously expands while extending into the nucleus. C: Numerous filaments that build the AF are visible in cross sections. D: A manchette of microtublues surrounds the nucleus. The small implantation fossa contains only the centrioles. E: At the end of spermiogenesis the main cell components coil within the cell membrane and two spermatids fuse. F: These large, early sperm conjugates are still connected to each other via cellular bridges (asterisks); a loose, electron-dense network arranges around the sperm cell components, forming a small vesicular area (inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612295/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fig. 8F</figureCitation>
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inset).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |