300 lines
36 KiB
XML
300 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="071F9DDC3D7A2D5A4ABCDB5477F0BCAB">Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="950A44B221283D3AECE96F71F2E97D56">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="861C924425C4EE01D1FD91EC99759D6A">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EB12DF09453475CA029BF5DE5672A35B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="565AAEFF129B7FF9F3120EBB8A6BA531">4181</mods:number>
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<heading id="D0BA81BDFFF5D223FF4626CEF23AFE08" bold="true" box="[151,599,476,502]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFF5D223FF4626CEF23AFE08" ID-CoL="3G6CN" authority="Meyrick, 1915" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,599,476,502]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Glaucolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aerifica">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF5D223FF4626CEF1E7FE08" bold="true" box="[151,394,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Glaucolepis aerifica</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF5D223FE4826CEF222FE08" author="Meyrick" box="[409,591,476,502]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Meyrick, E. (1915) Descriptions of South American Micro-Lepidoptera. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 48 (2), 201 - 256. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1915. tb 02527. x" type="journal article" year="1915">Meyrick, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF5D223FF4626ECF14AFDE9" blockId="65.[151,599,476,535]" box="[151,295,510,535]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13762A54FFF5D223FF4E26ECF098FDE9" box="[159,245,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 19" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 19. Distribution of high altitude Nepticulidae and collecting in the Peruvian Andes. 18, distribution map; 19, collector and co-author Ole Karsholt in Polylepis forest during Polylepis Expedition organized by Prof. Dr. Jon Fjeldså (the leader of the Polylepis Expeditions, ZMUC) in 1987." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164248/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figs 18</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13762A54FFF5D223FED026EDF173FDE9" box="[257,286,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">27</figureCitation>
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)
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<subSubSection id="C357655AFFF5D223FF462554F4E6FD64" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF5D223FF462554F249FDA2" blockId="65.[151,1163,582,666]" box="[151,548,582,604]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFF5D223FF462554F24DFDA2" ID-CoL="47374" authority="Meyrick, 1915: 255" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityPageNumber="255" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,544,582,604]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Nepticula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aerifica">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF5D223FF462554F122FDA2" box="[151,335,582,604]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Nepticula aerifica</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEC10C0FFF5D223FE852554F24DFDA2" author="Meyrick" box="[340,544,582,604]" page="255" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" year="1915">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF5D223FE852554F180FDA2" author="Meyrick" box="[340,493,582,604]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Meyrick, E. (1915) Descriptions of South American Micro-Lepidoptera. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 48 (2), 201 - 256. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1915. tb 02527. x" type="journal article" year="1915">Meyrick, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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: 255
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.
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF5D223FF462577F2EBFD85" blockId="65.[151,1163,582,666]" box="[151,646,613,635]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFF5D223FF462577F1D7FD85" ID-CoL="52LTB" authority="Meyrick" authorityName="Meyrick" box="[151,442,613,635]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aerifica">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF5D223FF462577F126FD85" box="[151,331,613,635]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stigmella aerifica</emphasis>
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(Meyrick)
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</taxonomicName>
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, in
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEC10C0FFF5D223FE0F2577F2EFFD85" author="Davis" box="[478,642,613,635]" page="18" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF5D223FE0F2577F231FD85" author="Davis" box="[478,604,613,635]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Davis, D. R. (1984) Nepticulidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: part 1. Micropterigoidea - Immoidea. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, xxvii + 112 pp." type="book" year="1984">Davis, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 18
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF5D223FF462596F4E6FD64" blockId="65.[151,1163,582,666]" box="[151,1163,644,666]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFF5D223FF462596F278FD64" ID-CoL="3G6CN" authority="Meyrick, 1915" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,533,644,666]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Glaucolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aerifica">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF5D223FF462596F10BFD64" box="[151,358,644,666]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Glaucolepis aerifica</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF5D223FEA22596F260FD64" author="Meyrick" box="[371,525,644,666]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Meyrick, E. (1915) Descriptions of South American Micro-Lepidoptera. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 48 (2), 201 - 256. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1915. tb 02527. x" type="journal article" year="1915">Meyrick, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, in
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEC10C0FFF5D223FDE82596F302FD64" author="Puplesis" box="[569,879,644,666]" page="56" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF5D223FDE82596F321FD64" author="Puplesis" box="[569,844,644,666]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Puplesis, R. & Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis & Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 56
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</treatmentCitation>
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–57,
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<figureCitation id="13762A54FFF5D223FC702596F382FD64" box="[929,1007,644,666]" captionStart="FIGURES 55 – 60" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1795,1818]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,193,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 55 – 60. Stigmella lachemillae Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 55, adult, male holotype; 56, same, male paratype; 57, same, female paratype; 58, male genitalia, phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD 637; 59, 60, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD 637 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164260/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figs 59</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13762A54FFF5D223FC282596F44CFD64" box="[1017,1057,644,666]" captionStart="FIGURES 200 – 203" captionStartId="71.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[164,1431,193,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@71.[164,1431,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURES 200 – 203. Male genitalia of Stigmella kristenseni Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, temporary genitalia mount in glycerol. 200, valvae, ventral view; 201, same, lateral view; 202, 203, same, dorsal view (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164287/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">203</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13762A54FFF5D223FBFA2596F439FD64" box="[1067,1108,644,666]" captionStart="FIGURES 204 – 208" captionStartId="72.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,193,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@72.[164,1431,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 204 – 208. Stigmella lobata Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. 204, holotype, male adult; 205, same, forewing and hindwing; 206, holotype, male genitalia, slide no. RA 553, capsule with phallus removed; 207, same, focused from ventral to more dorsal view; 208, same, phallus (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164288/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">204</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13762A54FFF5D223FB8F2596F4EAFD64" box="[1118,1159,644,666]" captionStart="FIGURES 218 – 223" captionStartId="76.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[166,1432,193,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[166,1433,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURES 218 – 223. Genitalia of Stigmella ageratinae Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 218, paratype, male genitalia, slide no. AD 595, apical processes of valvae; 219, same, spined apex of phallus; 220, same, transtilla; 221, holotype, female genitalia, slide no. AD 596, pectinations of bursa; 222, same, apophyses; 223, same, general view (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164291/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">222</figureCitation>
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.
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<subSubSection id="C357655AFFF5D223FF4625D4F5F8FCFD" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF5D223FF4625D4F5F8FCFD" blockId="65.[151,1437,710,2031]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<materialsCitation id="3B253C8CFFF5D223FF4625D4F5F8FCFD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324487237" collectingDate="1914-07" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="La Oroya" country="Peru" elevation="3719" location="PERU" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF5D223FF4625D4F1EFFD21" bold="true" box="[151,386,710,735]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Material examined.</emphasis>
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1 Ƌ (
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, designated by
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),
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(
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<typeStatus id="54F68873FFF5D223FBA525D4F57CFD21" box="[1140,1297,710,735]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
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),
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,
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,
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<elevation id="0060D1E2FFF5D223FF3A25F9F124FCFD" box="[235,329,746,771]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.71856" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="ft" value="12200.0">12200 ft</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
[
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FFF5D223FE8725F9F1DFFCFC" box="[342,434,747,771]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.72" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="3720.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0060D1E2FFF5D223FE8725F9F1DFFCFC" box="[342,434,747,771]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.72" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="3720.0">3720 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="FFF31011FFF5D223FE1425F8F248FCFD" box="[453,549,746,771]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1914-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB7E9F9FFF5D223FE1425F8F248FCFD" box="[453,549,746,771]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1914-07">vii.1914</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, Parish, genitalia slide nos 28965 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68873FFF5D223FC7B25F8F47AFCFD" box="[938,1047,746,771]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), 28966 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68873FFF5D223FBAF25F8F574FCFD" box="[1150,1305,746,771]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5CAE14FFF5D223FAFE25F9F5E4FCFD" box="[1327,1417,747,771]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFF5D223FF16241CF293FC6D" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF5D223FF16241CF293FC6D" blockId="65.[151,1437,710,2031]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF5D223FF16241CF12CFCD9" bold="true" box="[199,321,782,807]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This species differs from other known nepticulids by the combination of a distinct postmedian forewing fascia, wide and bilobed juxta, wide gnathos and unique morphology of the phallus. This is an outstanding species, whose taxonomic position along with other related but currently undescribed species (Stonis
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF5D223FA592445F164FC6C" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al. in prep</emphasis>
|
||
.) still remains uncertain (also see Remarks).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFF5D223FF16248CF30AF90D" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF5D223FF16248CF4F9FB71" blockId="65.[151,1437,710,2031]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF5D223FF16248CF169FC49" bold="true" box="[199,260,926,951]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF5D223FE7B248CF2B0FC49" author="Puplesis" box="[426,733,926,951]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Puplesis, R. & Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis & Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 59). Forewing length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FFF5D223FBC2248DF400FC48" box="[1043,1133,927,951]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; wingspan:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FFF5D223FB25248CF523FC48" box="[1268,1358,926,951]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="5.8">5.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head: palpi pale grey; frontal tuft greyish yellow, very pale; collar indistinct (or rubbed in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68873FFF5D223FBEA24D0F4CAFC25" box="[1083,1191,962,987]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
); scape greyish white, relatively small; antenna longer than half length of forewing; flagellum with about 37 segments, brown. After
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF5D223FF462318F1A3FBDD" author="Puplesis" box="[151,462,1034,1059]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Puplesis, R. & Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis & Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, thorax and tegula shiny, greenish bronzey. Forewing smoothly scaled before fascia, shining greenish bronze, with golden gloss at certain angles, brown beyond fascia, with purple iridescence; fascia poorly defined, distinctly postmedian, almost subapical, silvery shining; fringe pale brown; underside of forewing brown, without spots. Hindwing brown; its fringe pale brown, without spots or androconia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF5D223FF162388F5E7FB29" blockId="65.[151,1437,710,2031]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF5D223FF162388F148FB4D" bold="true" box="[199,293,1178,1203]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing before fascia dark grey-brown with golden gloss and light purple iridescence. Scaling coarser than in male. Otherwise similar to male, assuming the female is conspecific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF5D223FB9D23ACF512FB29" author="Puplesis" box="[1100,1407,1214,1239]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Puplesis, R. & Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis & Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF5D223FF1623F0F42AF9E5" blockId="65.[151,1437,710,2031]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF5D223FF1623F0F119FB05" bold="true" box="[199,372,1250,1275]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF5D223FDCE23F0F338FB05" author="Puplesis" box="[543,853,1250,1275]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Puplesis, R. & Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis & Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 203, 204). Capsule 410–415 µm long. Uncus band-shaped, papillated laterally. Gnathos with very wide trapezoidal caudal process and long lateral arms. Valva 220 µm long, with long pointed apical process, with curved, pointed inward-directed process at one-third (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF5D223FAEC2238F104FA99" author="Puplesis" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Puplesis, R. & Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis & Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Transtilla with transverse bar interrupted medially, and with triangular sublateral processes. Juxta complex, with long pointed caudal lobes and transversely thickened base. Vinculum without lateral lobes; ventral plate very large, slightly but gradually narrowed, distally rounded. Phallus (illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF5D223FACD2284F128FA2D" author="Puplesis" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Puplesis, R. & Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis & Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 204) 290–295 µm long, with two rod-like sclerites fused caudally and two membranous caudal processes with numerous very fine spines; these processes are connected to the phallus wall and are not part of the vesical (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF5D223FF222110F248F9E5" author="Puplesis" box="[243,549,1538,1563]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Puplesis, R. & Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis & Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); vesica with a few pointed and rounded cornuti.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF5D223FF162134F338F931" blockId="65.[151,1437,710,2031]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF5D223FF162134F1E0F9C1" bold="true" box="[199,397,1574,1599]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF5D223FDE52134F30BF9C1" author="Puplesis" box="[564,870,1574,1599]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Puplesis, R. & Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis & Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 222). Total length about 980 µm. Abdominal tip triangular. Apophyses anteriores wide and blunt anteriorly. Apophyses posteriores long (260–265 µm) and slender, as long as apophyses posteriores. Vestibulum without sclerites. Corpus bursae with folded distal part and large, widely oval basal part densely covered with comb-like pectinations; no signa. Accessory sac wide but short; ductus spermathecae membranous, with a ring-shaped sclerite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF5D223FF1621C8F30AF90D" blockId="65.[151,1437,710,2031]" box="[199,871,1754,1779]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF5D223FF1621C8F127F90D" bold="true" box="[199,330,1754,1779]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults fly in July. Otherwise biology unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFF5D223FF1621ECF205F8C4" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF5D223FF1621ECF205F8C4" blockId="65.[151,1437,710,2031]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF5D223FF1621ECF134F8E9" bold="true" box="[199,345,1790,1815]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFF5D223FEA121ECF1A2F8E9" box="[368,463,1790,1815]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 19" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 19. Distribution of high altitude Nepticulidae and collecting in the Peruvian Andes. 18, distribution map; 19, collector and co-author Ole Karsholt in Polylepis forest during Polylepis Expedition organized by Prof. Dr. Jon Fjeldså (the leader of the Polylepis Expeditions, ZMUC) in 1987." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164248/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figs 18</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFF5D223FE3221EDF26EF8E9" box="[483,515,1791,1815]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">27</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species occurs on the Altiplano in the Peruvian Andes (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7641FFF5D223FAC421EDF523F8E9" box="[1301,1358,1791,1815]" name="Peru" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Yauli Departamento) at altitudes about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FFF5D223FDDD2031F20DF8C4" box="[524,608,1827,1851]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.72" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="3720.0">3720 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFF5D220FF162054F3C4FE76" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF5D223FF162054F542F811" blockId="65.[151,1437,710,2031]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF5D223FF162054F156F8A1" bold="true" box="[199,315,1862,1887]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Provisionally, with no certainty,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF5D223FD622054F398F8A1" author="Puplesis" box="[691,1013,1862,1887]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Puplesis, R. & Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis & Robinson (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed this species in to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFF5D223FAC52054F17BF87D" authority="Braun. The" authorityName="Braun. The" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Glaucolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF5D223FAC52054F5F6F8A0" box="[1300,1435,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Glaucolepis</emphasis>
|
||
Braun. The
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species' taxonomic position still remains unknown. The wing venation of this species was not studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF5D223FF6B209CF191F859" author="Puplesis" box="[186,508,1934,1959]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Puplesis, R. & Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis & Robinson (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, or by us in order to preserve the already badly damaged
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68873FFF5D223FB53209CF481F859" box="[1154,1260,1934,1959]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The head is on a pin and shows a rubbed frontal tuft and indistinct collar; the thorax and wings are pinned separately in a gelatin capsule; the scaling of thorax and wings is well preserved; but damage to the thorax precludes repinning.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF6D220FF162785F3C4FE76" blockId="66.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68873FFF6D220FF2C2785F1F9FF4E" box="[253,404,151,176]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is slightly rubbed but more or less satisfactorily pinned. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF6D220FB782785F08FFF2A" author="Puplesis" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Puplesis, R. & Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis & Robinson (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has raised some doubts about attribution of the female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68873FFF6D220FC4927AEF442FF2B" box="[920,1071,188,213]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFF6D220FBB027AEF523FF2A" box="[1121,1358,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Glaucolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aerifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FBB027AEF523FF2A" box="[1121,1358,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Glaucolepis aerifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68873FFF6D220FF4627CDF169FF06" box="[151,260,223,248]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
): the darker forewing color and coarser scaling of the female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68873FFF6D220FC6A27CDF43FFF06" box="[955,1106,223,248]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in comparison with the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68873FFF6D220FF462616F094FEE3" box="[151,249,260,285]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
gives us pause in assuming that the two represent opposite sexes of the same species. Moreover, the female genitalia have no signa, atypical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFF6D220FD55263AF366FEBE" box="[644,779,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Glaucolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FD55263AF366FEBE" box="[644,779,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Glaucolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. If the female is not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFF6D220FC2E263AF43BFEBE" box="[1023,1110,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Glaucolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aerifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FC2E263AF43BFEBE" box="[1023,1110,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">aerifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, then it might not even be a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFF6D220FF46265EF173FE9A" box="[151,286,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Glaucolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FF46265EF173FE9A" box="[151,286,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Glaucolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the distinctly postmedial fascia of the forewing (a character generally uncommon amongst nepticulids) is shared by both specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF6D220FDBA267DF3F0FE76" author="Puplesis" box="[619,925,367,392]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Puplesis, R. & Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis & Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFF6D220FF162686F342FE2E" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF6D220FF162686F342FE2E" blockId="66.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FF162686F123FE53" bold="true" box="[199,334,404,429]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
It is expected that the species name given by E. Meyrick is derived from Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FB322687F562FE52" box="[1251,1295,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">aeri</emphasis>
|
||
(the sky) in reference to the distribution of the species in high altitudes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |