treatments-xml/data/03/E4/87/03E487C7FFA1D27AFF462204F44CFCC9.xml

<document id="DF8D4425A1A2BA8CF631479D860BC339" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4181.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="37923" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4181.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f55813e-d9fb-47d1-ae70-4207ea726e64" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="164243" ID-ZooBank="639B9F0E-4E0C-4859-9A32-093511BEEFB8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1478071931831" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Remeikis, Andrius, Gerulaitis, Virginijus &amp; Karsholt, Ole" docDate="2016" docId="03E487C7FFA1D27AFF462204F44CFCC9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4181.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4181 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Stigmella paramica Diskus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFDDFFBFFFB4D262FFD12712F06DFFFE" masterDocTitle="Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698430786409" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E6333F0CCCF4177ECA5A967C3BEA6BA1">Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D41C25D121FCEE6916B628595E5EF0B7">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5D133964748E9EFEE599CE9A047C44F4">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5A398B2DCCB7888884D9B1867E6B6896">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03E487C7FFA1D27AFF462204F44CFCC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6075897" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124560977" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6075897" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487C7FFA1D27AFF462204F44CFCC9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487C7FFA1D27AFF462204F44CFCC9" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFA1D277FF462204F2D6FACE" blockId="21.[151,699,1302,1362]" box="[151,699,1302,1328]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D0BA81BDFFA1D277FF462204F2D6FACE" bold="true" box="[151,699,1302,1328]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA1D277FF462204F2D6FACE" bold="true" box="[151,699,1302,1328]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFA1D277FF462204F23CFACE" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" box="[151,593,1302,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA1D277FF462204F1ECFACE" bold="true" box="[151,385,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Stigmella paramica</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57B8FFA1D277FD8F2204F2D6FACE" box="[606,699,1302,1328]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFA1D277FF46222BF1ACFAAC" blockId="21.[151,699,1302,1362]" box="[151,449,1337,1362]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFA1D277FF4E222BF17FFAAC" box="[159,274,1337,1362]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 6 – 10" captionStart-1="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStart-2="FIGURES 16 – 17" captionStartId-0="8.[151,264,1824,1847]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,264,1816,1839]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1803]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,260,1795]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,221,1912]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1803]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1796]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="FIGURES 6 – 10. Habitats: shrub-dominated páramo and Polylepis forest near volcano Antisana and Papallacta Pass (Ecuador: Napo Province) at altitudes about 3700 – 3900 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 &quot; S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 &quot; W. 6, view of volcano Antisana; 7, a relict stand of high- Andean Polylepis; 8 – 10, shrub-dominated páramo SE of Papallacta Pass." captionText-1="FIGURES 11 – 15. Habitats: shrub and grass-dominated páramo, SE of Papallacta Pass (Ecuador: Napo Province) at altitudes about 3700 – 3800 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 &quot; S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 &quot; W." captionText-2="FIGURES 16 – 17. Distribution of high altitude Stigmella species in the Ecuadorian Andes. 16, habitat of Stigmella paramica sp. nov. and S. confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, 3700 – 3800 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 &quot; S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 &quot; W; 17, distribution map." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/266412/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/164246/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/164247/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 6–17</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFA1D277FECC2228F156FAAC" box="[285,315,1338,1362]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">27</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFA1D277FE962228F108FAAC" box="[327,357,1338,1362]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="17.[151,250,2001,2023]" captionTargetBox="[165,1403,244,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[165,1432,193,1984]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 28. Details of adult morphology of high-Andean Stigmella, Nepticulidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266414/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">28</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFA1D277FEA02228F1D4FAAC" box="[369,441,1338,1362]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 32 – 33" captionStart-1="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStart-2="FIGURES 39 – 43" captionStart-3="FIGURES 44 – 48" captionStartId-0="20.[151,264,1973,1996]" captionStartId-1="22.[151,264,1797,1820]" captionStartId-2="23.[151,264,1862,1885]" captionStartId-3="25.[151,264,1907,1930]" captionTargetBox-0="[177,1402,302,1935]" captionTargetBox-1="[165,1394,197,1763]" captionTargetBox-2="[166,1382,193,1824]" captionTargetBox-3="[162,1428,302,1880]" captionTargetId-0="figure@20.[173,1418,193,1954]" captionTargetId-1="figure@22.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetId-2="figure@23.[162,1429,193,1839]" captionTargetId-3="figure@25.[162,1429,301,1881]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionTargetPageId-2="23" captionTargetPageId-3="25" captionText-0="FIGURES 32 – 33. Details of morphology and bionomics. 32, abdominal apex of female of Stigmella calceolarifoliae sp. n.; 33, leaf-mines of S. paramica sp. n. in Pentacalia leaf, and cocoon." captionText-1="FIGURES 34 – 38. Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 34, forewing, reconstructed from mature pupa; 35, male genitalia, phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 36, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, temporary genitalia mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 37, same, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 611, dorsal view; 38, same, phallus (ZMUC)." captionText-2="FIGURES 39 – 43. Genitalia of Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 39, male genitalia, uncus and gnathos, holotype, temporary mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 40, same, phallus, paratype, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 612; 41, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, permanent genitalia slide no. AD 611, ventral view; 42, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 43, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 619 (ZMUC)." captionText-3="FIGURES 44 – 48. Bionomics of Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 44, 45, host-plant Pentacalia sp. (Asteraceae); 46 – 48, leaf-mines." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/266415/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/164256/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/164257/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/164258/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">33–48</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFA1D277FF462293F51DF9F8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFA1D277FF462293F51DF9F8" blockId="21.[151,1437,1409,1974]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation id="3B253C8CFFA1D277FF462293F2E0FA1C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324487231" collectingDate="2005-01-13" collectionCode="ZMUC" collectorName="A. Diskus &amp; J. R. Stonis" country="Ecuador" elevation="3800" latitude="-0.36249998" location="Papallacta" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.193054" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Napo Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA1D277FF462293F126FA64" bold="true" box="[151,331,1409,1434]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<typeStatus id="54F68873FFA1D277FF462293F0BFFA64" box="[151,210,1409,1434]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54F68873FFA1D277FE882293F1ABFA64" box="[345,454,1409,1434]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: Ƌ, 
<collectingCountry id="F35A7641FFA1D277FDD12290F2E1FA64" box="[512,652,1410,1434]" name="Ecuador" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="4989F833FFA1D277FD4D2290F320FA64" box="[668,845,1409,1434]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Napo Province</collectingRegion>
, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB59B34FFA1D277FCAF2290F3A1FA64" box="[894,972,1409,1434]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
W 
<location id="8E92600AFFA1D277FBD02293F41AFA64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487C7FFA1D27AFF462204F44CFCC9:8E92600AFFA1D277FBD02293F41AFA64" box="[1025,1143,1409,1434]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-0.36249998" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.193054" name="Papallacta" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Napo Province">Papallacta</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE795016FFA1D277FB582293F490FA64" box="[1161,1277,1409,1434]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="15" value="-0.36249998">0°21'45&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE795016FFA1D277FADE2293F5FAFA64" box="[1295,1431,1409,1434]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="15" value="-78.193054">78°11'35&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, páramo, 
<elevation id="0060D1E2FFA1D277FF2B22B7F1ACFA43" box="[250,449,1445,1470]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="3800.0">
elevation 
<quantity id="4CB59B34FFA1D277FEB822B4F1ACFA43" box="[361,449,1446,1470]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="3800.0">3800 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, mining larvae 
<collectedFrom id="3851752CFFA1D277FDA322B4F362FA43" box="[626,783,1445,1469]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFA1D277FD4722B7F362FA43" box="[662,783,1445,1469]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pentacalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA1D277FD4722B7F362FA43" box="[662,783,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pentacalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
sp. 
<date id="FFF31011FFA1D277FC9122B7F3C1FA40" box="[832,940,1445,1470]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2005-01-13">
<collectingDate id="EFB7E9F9FFA1D277FC9122B7F3C1FA40" box="[832,940,1445,1470]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2005-01-13">13.i.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
, field card no. 4812, leg. 
<collectorName id="26B85307FFA1D277FB0022B4F52FFA40" box="[1233,1346,1445,1470]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. Diškus</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26B85307FFA1D277FAB922B4F0B2FA1C" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">J. R. Stonis</collectorName>
, genitalia slide no. AD611Ƌ (
<collectionCode id="ED5CAE14FFA1D277FDFC22D8F2E9FA1C" box="[557,644,1482,1506]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ZMUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. Paratypes: 3 Ƌ, 2 ♀, same label data as holotype, genitalia slides nos AD612Ƌ, AD618Ƌ, AD620Ƌ, AD619♀, AD621♀; head slide no. AD614Ƌ (all from mature pupae) (ZMUC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFA1D277FF162103F2B4F98C" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFA1D277FF162103F2B4F98C" blockId="21.[151,1437,1409,1974]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA1D277FF162103F12CF9D4" bold="true" box="[199,321,1553,1578]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
In the male genitalia, the set of very long and slender cornuti and one large spine-like cornutus distinguishes 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFA1D277FEE32124F1D0F9B3" box="[306,445,1590,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA1D277FEE32124F1D0F9B3" box="[306,445,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. paramica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA1D277FE142127F24CF9B0" bold="true" box="[453,545,1589,1614]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57B8FFA1D277FE142127F24CF9B0" box="[453,545,1589,1614]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from all other 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFA1D277FD022127F351F9B3" box="[723,828,1589,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA1D277FD022127F351F9B3" box="[723,828,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Stigmella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species possessing clusters of cornuti; the host-plant 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFA1D277FF46214BF121F98C" authority="Cass" authorityName="Cass" box="[151,332,1625,1650]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pentacalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA1D277FF46214BF17DF98F" box="[151,272,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pentacalia</emphasis>
Cass
</taxonomicName>
also makes this species distinctive.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFA1D27AFF16216FF32EFD33" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFA1D277FF16216FF4D7F86C" blockId="21.[151,1437,1409,1974]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA1D277FF16216FF169F968" bold="true" box="[199,260,1661,1686]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFA1D277FEC5216FF107F968" box="[276,362,1661,1686]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1797,1820]" captionTargetBox="[165,1394,197,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 34, forewing, reconstructed from mature pupa; 35, male genitalia, phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 36, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, temporary genitalia mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 37, same, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 611, dorsal view; 38, same, phallus (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164256/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
). Forewing length 
<quantity id="4CB59B34FFA1D277FD93216CF2A0F96B" box="[578,717,1662,1686]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.2 mm</quantity>
; wingspan 4.8–5.0 mm. Head: palpi pale grey-cream to cream; frontal tuft ferruginous to pale ochre or beige; scape golden cream; antenna slightly longer than half the length of forewing; flagellum with 32–34 segments, dark grey-brown to grey (distinctly annulated), with golden gloss and some purple &amp; green iridescence.Thorax and tegula dark brown with strong purple iridescence. Forewing dark brown to fuscous along costa and apically, with postmedian fascia; fascia grey cream to white with silvery gloss; cilia grey-brown to pale brown; underside of forewing fuscous with strong purple iridescence, without spots or androconia. Hindwing grey-brown on upper side and underside, with some purple iridescence but without androconia; its fringe grey. Legs brownish cream, darkened with fuscous brown on upper side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFA1D277FF16208FF18CF848" blockId="21.[151,1437,1409,1974]" box="[199,481,1949,1974]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA1D277FF16208FF148F848" bold="true" box="[199,293,1949,1974]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Female.</emphasis>
Similar to male.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF326659FFA2D274FF462017F515F8A7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164256/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[165,1394,197,1763]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFA2D274FF462017F515F8A7" blockId="22.[151,1436,1797,1881]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA2D274FF462017F13AF8E5" bold="true" box="[151,343,1797,1820]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURES 34–38.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFA2D274FEB12017F28FF8E5" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" box="[352,738,1797,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA2D274FEB12017F247F8E2" box="[352,554,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Stigmella paramica</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA2D274FD212014F329F8E5" bold="true" box="[752,836,1798,1819]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57B8FFA2D274FD212014F329F8E5" box="[752,836,1798,1819]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
34, forewing, reconstructed from mature pupa; 35, male genitalia, phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD620; 36, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, temporary genitalia mount in glycerol no. AD611; 37, same, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD611, dorsal view; 38, same, phallus (ZMUC).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF326659FFA3D275FF462054F331F847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164257/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[166,1382,193,1824]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFA3D275FF462054F331F847" blockId="23.[151,1436,1862,1977]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA3D275FF462054F139F8A2" bold="true" box="[151,340,1862,1885]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURES 39–43.</emphasis>
Genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFA3D275FE0B2055F322F8A3" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" box="[474,847,1863,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA3D275FE0B2055F2CDF8A3" box="[474,672,1863,1885]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Stigmella paramica</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFA3D275FC8B2055F3C6F8A2" bold="true" box="[858,939,1863,1884]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57B8FFA3D275FC8B2055F3C6F8A2" box="[858,939,1863,1884]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
39, male genitalia, uncus and gnathos, holotype, temporary mount in glycerol no. AD611; 40, same, phallus, paratype, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD612; 41, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, permanent genitalia slide no. AD611, ventral view; 42, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD620; 43, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD619 (ZMUC).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFACD27AFF162785F360FE52" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFF162785F119FF4E" bold="true" box="[199,372,151,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFE542785F268FF4E" box="[389,517,151,176]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStart-1="FIGURES 39 – 43" captionStartId-0="22.[151,264,1797,1820]" captionStartId-1="23.[151,264,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox-0="[165,1394,197,1763]" captionTargetBox-1="[166,1382,193,1824]" captionTargetId-0="figure@22.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetId-1="figure@23.[162,1429,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionText-0="FIGURES 34 – 38. Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 34, forewing, reconstructed from mature pupa; 35, male genitalia, phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 36, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, temporary genitalia mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 37, same, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 611, dorsal view; 38, same, phallus (ZMUC)." captionText-1="FIGURES 39 – 43. Genitalia of Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 39, male genitalia, uncus and gnathos, holotype, temporary mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 40, same, phallus, paratype, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 612; 41, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, permanent genitalia slide no. AD 611, ventral view; 42, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 43, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 619 (ZMUC)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/164256/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/164257/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 35–42</figureCitation>
). Capsule longer (300–305 µm) than wide (220–225 µm). Vinculum with small angular lateral lobes; ventral plate of vinculum short. Uncus with two wide lobes, each bearing two papillae (
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFABB27AEF0DBFF06" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1797,1820]" captionTargetBox="[165,1394,197,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 34, forewing, reconstructed from mature pupa; 35, male genitalia, phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 36, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, temporary genitalia mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 37, same, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 611, dorsal view; 38, same, phallus (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164256/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 37</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFF1127F2F167FF06" box="[192,266,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 43" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[166,1382,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[162,1429,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 43. Genitalia of Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 39, male genitalia, uncus and gnathos, holotype, temporary mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 40, same, phallus, paratype, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 612; 41, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, permanent genitalia slide no. AD 611, ventral view; 42, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 43, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 619 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164257/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">39, 42</figureCitation>
). Gnathos stout, with two caudal processes widening basally (
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFC6D27CDF479FF06" box="[956,1044,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1797,1820]" captionTargetBox="[165,1394,197,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 34, forewing, reconstructed from mature pupa; 35, male genitalia, phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 36, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, temporary genitalia mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 37, same, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 611, dorsal view; 38, same, phallus (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164256/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 37</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFBCF27F2F450FF06" box="[1054,1085,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 43" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[166,1382,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[162,1429,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 43. Genitalia of Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 39, male genitalia, uncus and gnathos, holotype, temporary mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 40, same, phallus, paratype, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 612; 41, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, permanent genitalia slide no. AD 611, ventral view; 42, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 43, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 619 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164257/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">39</figureCitation>
); central plate of gnathos large, in the form of a trapezium (
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFE082616F242FEE2" box="[473,559,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 43" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[166,1382,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[162,1429,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 43. Genitalia of Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 39, male genitalia, uncus and gnathos, holotype, temporary mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 40, same, phallus, paratype, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 612; 41, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, permanent genitalia slide no. AD 611, ventral view; 42, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 43, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 619 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164257/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
). Valva (
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFD442616F283FEE3" box="[661,750,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1797,1820]" captionTargetBox="[165,1394,197,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 34, forewing, reconstructed from mature pupa; 35, male genitalia, phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 36, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, temporary genitalia mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 37, same, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 611, dorsal view; 38, same, phallus (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164256/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 36</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFD2C2616F32AFEE2" box="[765,839,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 43" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[166,1382,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[162,1429,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 43. Genitalia of Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 39, male genitalia, uncus and gnathos, holotype, temporary mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 40, same, phallus, paratype, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 612; 41, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, permanent genitalia slide no. AD 611, ventral view; 42, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 43, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 619 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164257/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">41, 42</figureCitation>
) 185–190 µm long, 65–80 µm wide, with two large apical processes; inner lobe slightly bulged; transtilla without processes (
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFBDC2635F401FEBE" box="[1037,1132,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1797,1820]" captionTargetBox="[165,1394,197,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 34, forewing, reconstructed from mature pupa; 35, male genitalia, phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 36, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, temporary genitalia mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 37, same, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 611, dorsal view; 38, same, phallus (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164256/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 37</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFBAE263AF4F2FEBE" box="[1151,1183,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 43" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[166,1382,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[162,1429,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 43. Genitalia of Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 39, male genitalia, uncus and gnathos, holotype, temporary mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 40, same, phallus, paratype, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 612; 41, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, permanent genitalia slide no. AD 611, ventral view; 42, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 43, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 619 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164257/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">42</figureCitation>
). Juxta membranous, triangular, widening caudally (
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFE25265EF227FE9B" box="[500,586,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1797,1820]" captionTargetBox="[165,1394,197,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 34, forewing, reconstructed from mature pupa; 35, male genitalia, phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 36, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, temporary genitalia mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 37, same, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 611, dorsal view; 38, same, phallus (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164256/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
). Phallus (
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFD13265EF32AFE9A" box="[706,839,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1797,1820]" captionTargetBox="[165,1394,197,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 34, forewing, reconstructed from mature pupa; 35, male genitalia, phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 36, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, temporary genitalia mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 37, same, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 611, dorsal view; 38, same, phallus (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164256/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 35, 38</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFC84265EF31EFE9A" box="[853,883,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 43" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[166,1382,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[162,1429,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 43. Genitalia of Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 39, male genitalia, uncus and gnathos, holotype, temporary mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 40, same, phallus, paratype, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 612; 41, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, permanent genitalia slide no. AD 611, ventral view; 42, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 43, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 619 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164257/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">40</figureCitation>
) short (195–200 µm) but wide (100 µm); vesica with one large spine-like cornutus and one (
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFD41267DF28EFE76" box="[656,739,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1797,1820]" captionTargetBox="[165,1394,197,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 34, forewing, reconstructed from mature pupa; 35, male genitalia, phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 36, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, temporary genitalia mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 37, same, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 611, dorsal view; 38, same, phallus (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164256/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
) or two (
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFC81267DF3C4FE76" box="[848,937,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1797,1820]" captionTargetBox="[165,1394,197,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 34, forewing, reconstructed from mature pupa; 35, male genitalia, phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 36, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, temporary genitalia mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 37, same, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 611, dorsal view; 38, same, phallus (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164256/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 35</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFC662662F3B8FE76" box="[951,981,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 43" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[166,1382,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[162,1429,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 43. Genitalia of Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 39, male genitalia, uncus and gnathos, holotype, temporary mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 40, same, phallus, paratype, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 612; 41, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, permanent genitalia slide no. AD 611, ventral view; 42, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 43, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 619 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164257/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">40</figureCitation>
) apical clusters of long slender cornuti; usually apical clusters are of different size (
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFDAF2686F2B9FE52" box="[638,724,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1797,1820]" captionTargetBox="[165,1394,197,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 34, forewing, reconstructed from mature pupa; 35, male genitalia, phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 36, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, temporary genitalia mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 37, same, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 611, dorsal view; 38, same, phallus (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164256/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 38</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFD302686F36CFE52" box="[737,769,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 43" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[166,1382,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[162,1429,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 43. Genitalia of Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 39, male genitalia, uncus and gnathos, holotype, temporary mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 40, same, phallus, paratype, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 612; 41, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, permanent genitalia slide no. AD 611, ventral view; 42, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 43, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 619 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164257/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">40</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFACD27AFF1626A5F2EDFDC3" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFF1626A5F1E6FE2E" bold="true" box="[199,395,439,464]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFE4B26A5F180FE2E" box="[410,493,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 43" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[166,1382,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[162,1429,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 43. Genitalia of Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 39, male genitalia, uncus and gnathos, holotype, temporary mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 40, same, phallus, paratype, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 612; 41, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, permanent genitalia slide no. AD 611, ventral view; 42, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 43, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 619 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164257/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Total length 620–630 µm. Anterior and posterior apophyses almost equal in length. Vestibulum wide, without sclerites. Corpus bursae with round shaped, 310 µm wide in basal part, without signa or distinctive pectinations. Accessory sac wide but short; ductus spermathecae with one chitinized convolution. Abdominal apex blunt, about 130 µm wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFACD27AFF162555F32EFD33" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFF162555F127FD9E" bold="true" box="[199,330,583,608]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Bionomics.</emphasis>
Larva mines in leaves. Host-plant: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFACD27AFD31255AF334FD9E" box="[736,857,584,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pentacalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFD31255AF334FD9E" box="[736,857,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pentacalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFACD27AFC41255AF463FD9E" box="[912,1038,584,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFBF62555F4C6FD9E" box="[1063,1195,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 44 – 48" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1907,1930]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,302,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[162,1429,301,1881]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 44 – 48. Bionomics of Stigmella paramica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 44, 45, host-plant Pentacalia sp. (Asteraceae); 46 – 48, leaf-mines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164258/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 44, 45</figureCitation>
). Larva pale green to pale yellow, with dark green intestine and brown head; mine in January. Sinuous or contorted gallery of mine filled with brown-black frass, except distal part with some empty areas without frass. Larval exit slit on upper side of the leaf. Cocoon dark ochre-brown. Adults emerged in February.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFACD27AFF1625C5F290FCEB" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFACD27AFF1625C5F290FCEB" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFF1625C5F134FD0E" bold="true" box="[199,345,727,752]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFEBD25C5F1ABFD0E" box="[364,454,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 17" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,221,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 17. Distribution of high altitude Stigmella species in the Ecuadorian Andes. 16, habitat of Stigmella paramica sp. nov. and S. confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, 3700 – 3800 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 &quot; S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 &quot; W; 17, distribution map." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164247/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 17</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFE0725CAF19BFD0E" box="[470,502,728,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">27</figureCitation>
). This species occurs high in the equatorial Andes (
<collectingCountry id="F35A7641FFACD27AFB8925C5F4D6FD0E" box="[1112,1211,727,752]" name="Ecuador" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="4989F833FFACD27AFB1825CAF518FD0E" box="[1225,1397,727,752]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Napo Province</collectingRegion>
) at altitudes about 
<quantity id="4CB59B34FFACD27AFE9325EEF1FAFCEA" box="[322,407,764,788]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="3800.0">3800 m</quantity>
in páramo habitats (
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFACD27AFDAD25EEF29CFCEB" box="[636,753,764,789]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 6 – 10" captionStart-1="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStart-2="FIGURES 16 – 17" captionStartId-0="8.[151,264,1824,1847]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,264,1816,1839]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1803]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,260,1795]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,221,1912]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1803]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1796]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="FIGURES 6 – 10. Habitats: shrub-dominated páramo and Polylepis forest near volcano Antisana and Papallacta Pass (Ecuador: Napo Province) at altitudes about 3700 – 3900 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 &quot; S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 &quot; W. 6, view of volcano Antisana; 7, a relict stand of high- Andean Polylepis; 8 – 10, shrub-dominated páramo SE of Papallacta Pass." captionText-1="FIGURES 11 – 15. Habitats: shrub and grass-dominated páramo, SE of Papallacta Pass (Ecuador: Napo Province) at altitudes about 3700 – 3800 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 &quot; S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 &quot; W." captionText-2="FIGURES 16 – 17. Distribution of high altitude Stigmella species in the Ecuadorian Andes. 16, habitat of Stigmella paramica sp. nov. and S. confertae Diškus &amp; Stonis, 3700 – 3800 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 &quot; S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 &quot; W; 17, distribution map." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/266412/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/164246/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/164247/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 6–16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFACD27AFF16240DF44CFCC9" box="[199,1057,799,824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFACD27AFF16240DF44CFCC9" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,824]" box="[199,1057,799,824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFACD27AFF16240DF123FCC6" bold="true" box="[199,334,799,824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named after the habitat (páramo) where it occurs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>