428 lines
55 KiB
XML
428 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="6EE59FB1B0DEB5A2CFB7056D3E45CF86" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.178227" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0088f909-2c33-4a47-a180-1d5835cf127a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="178227" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459885852890" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guadanucci, José Paulo Leite" docDate="2007" docId="03E28784FFE3FF97EE9BFEA8FD49FDE4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01555p020.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1555" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Oligoxystre bolivianum Vol 2001, n. comb." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFDBFFFCFFE0FF9DEE0CFF85FFABFF8E" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Neotropical spider genus Oligoxystre Vellard 1924 (Theraphosidae, Ischnocolinae)" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698227774325" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6A071B91E26DA5A99949FAD07AC2A955">A revision of the Neotropical spider genus Oligoxystre Vellard 1924 (Theraphosidae, Ischnocolinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3953C343A4E67A5A2CA58074EA9E0423">Guadanucci, José Paulo Leite</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="895830053C27A8B02F637302F5C27239">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4A880C3672BA4365600C584107DAD49C">
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<mods:date id="D9A9A327E275DBE0CC294615ED9716B7">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2A2C307E10BEDBE6B5404379B7E864B8">1555</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3BE3CC695BBC00A468E62DFBB7E90107" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.178227</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E4CE468EAD507BF0AA68CE157281B751" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E28784FFE3FF97EE9BFEA8FD49FDE4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6244072" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119371490" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6244072" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E28784FFE3FF97EE9BFEA8FD49FDE4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E28784FFE3FF97EE9BFEA8FD49FDE4" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="C3516519FFE3FF9EEE9BFEA8FEEFFEE4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE3FF9EEE9BFEA8FD3DFEC9" blockId="3.[151,662,301,362]" box="[151,662,301,327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="D0BC81FEFFE3FF9EEE9BFEA8FD3DFEC9" bold="true" box="[151,662,301,327]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE3FF9EEE9BFEA8FD3DFEC9" bold="true" box="[151,662,301,327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE3FF9EEE9BFEA8FD8FFEC9" ID-CoL="9383L" authority="Vol 2001" authorityName="Vol" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,548,301,327]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivianum" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE3FF9EEE9BFEA8FE1AFEC9" bold="true" box="[151,433,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Oligoxystre bolivianum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B63FFE3FF9EEFB5FEA8FD8FFEC9" author="Vol" box="[441,548,301,327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" refString="Vol, F. (2001) Description de Pseudoligoxystre bolivianus sp. et gen. n. (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Ischnocolinae), de Bolivie. Arachnides, 50,: 3 - 10." type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="n">Vol 2001</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57FBFFE3FF9EEC27FEA8FD3DFEC9" box="[555,662,301,327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE3FF9EEE9BFED5FEEFFEE4" blockId="3.[151,662,301,362]" box="[151,324,336,362]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13702A17FFE3FF9EEE93FED5FE90FEE4" box="[159,315,336,362]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7 – 8" captionStart-2="FIGURES 9 – 10" captionStart-3="FIGURES 11 – 12" captionStartId-0="3.[151,269,1709,1733]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,269,1652,1676]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,269,1779,1803]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,269,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox-0="[195,1388,622,1687]" captionTargetBox-1="[361,1226,395,1626]" captionTargetBox-2="[360,1228,436,1755]" captionTargetBox-3="[355,1232,554,1894]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[195,1392,610,1687]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[361,1226,394,1628]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[358,1228,434,1755]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[353,1234,554,1895]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. Oligoxystre bolivianum. 1 – 4. Male MZSP 26076. 1. Tibial apophysis, ventral-prolateral view. 2. Bulb, retrolateral view. 3. Bulb, prolateral view. 4. Bulb, dorsal view. 5. Male, embolus tip. 6. Female, MZSP 23224, spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 7 – 8. Oligoxystre bolivianum. 7. Female MZSP 23224, from Catalão, Goiás, Brazil (photo: J. Guadanucci). 8. Male MZSP 26076, from Catalão, Goiás, Brazil (photo: H. Mariano)." captionText-2="FIGURES 9 – 10. Oligoxystre bolivianum. 9. Female, from Samaipata, Santa Cruz, Bolívia. 10. Spiderling, from Rurrenabaque, Beni, Bolívia (photos: J. Guadanucci)." captionText-3="FIGURES 11 – 12. Oligoxystre bolivianum. 11. Male, from Rurrenabaque, Beni, Bolívia. 12. Female, from Rurrenabaque, Beni, Bolívia (photos: J. Guadanucci)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/178228/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/178229/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/178230/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/178231/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figures 1–12</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3516519FFE3FF9EEE9BFE25FA2FFDA4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE3FF9EEE9BFE25FD0AFE39" blockId="3.[151,673,416,439]" box="[151,673,416,439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5B11BCFFE3FF9EEE9BFE25FD0AFE39" box="[151,673,416,439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE3FF9EEE9BFE25FDFBFE39" authority="Vol 2001: 3" authorityName="Vol" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,592,416,439]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Pseudoligoxystre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivianum">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE3FF9EEE9BFE25FE67FE39" box="[151,460,416,439]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudoligoxystre bolivianum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEA1083FFE3FF9EEFDFFE25FDFBFE39" author="Vol" box="[467,592,416,439]" page="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B63FFE3FF9EEFDFFE25FD9CFE39" author="Vol" box="[467,567,416,439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" refString="Vol, F. (2001) Description de Pseudoligoxystre bolivianus sp. et gen. n. (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Ischnocolinae), de Bolivie. Arachnides, 50,: 3 - 10." type="journal article" year="2001">Vol 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: 3
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, f. 1–7.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE3FF9EEE9BFE62FA2FFDA4" blockId="3.[151,1436,487,554]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE3FF9EEE9BFE62FF75FD8F" bold="true" box="[151,222,487,513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<typeStatus id="54F08830FFE3FF9EEE9BFE62FF75FD8F" box="[151,222,487,513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Types</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54F08830FFE3FF9EEEFCFE6DFEF6FD8C" box="[240,349,488,514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male and
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<typeStatus id="54F08830FFE3FF9EEFD1FE6DFDE6FD8C" box="[477,589,488,514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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male and subadult, Samaipata, Santa Cruz,
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<collectingCountry id="F35C7602FFE3FF9EEA6CFE6DFB12FD8C" box="[1120,1209,488,514]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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, Universidad Rene Moreno de Santa Cruz, Museo de Historia Natural "Noel Kempff Mercado",
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<collectingCountry id="F35C7602FFE3FF9EEA11FD95FBDDFDA4" box="[1053,1142,528,554]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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, not available for loan.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF34661AFFE3FF9EEE9BF928FE44F887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178228/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[195,1388,622,1687]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE3FF9EEE9BF928FE44F887" blockId="3.[151,1436,1709,1801]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE3FF9EEE9BF928FEEFF94B" bold="true" box="[151,324,1709,1733]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURES 1–6.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE3FF9EEF40F928FDE5F94A" box="[332,590,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE3FF9EEF40F928FDE1F94A" box="[332,586,1709,1732]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivianum">Oligoxystre bolivianum</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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1–4. Male MZSP 26076. 1. Tibial apophysis, ventral-prolateral view. 2. Bulb, retrolateral view. 3. Bulb, prolateral view. 4. Bulb, dorsal view. 5. Male, embolus tip. 6. Female, MZSP 23224, spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale = 1mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3516519FFE3FF98EECAF8DFFB24FEF4" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE3FF99EECAF8DFFD88FEDC" blockId="3.[151,1436,1882,2028]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,338]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE3FF9EEECAF8DFFEAAF8FA" bold="true" box="[198,257,1882,1908]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Note</emphasis>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B63FFE3FF9EEF1CF8DFFE25F8FA" author="Vol" box="[272,398,1882,1908]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" refString="Vol, F. (2001) Description de Pseudoligoxystre bolivianus sp. et gen. n. (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Ischnocolinae), de Bolivie. Arachnides, 50,: 3 - 10." type="journal article" year="2001">Vol (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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established
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE3FF9EEC2DF8DEFD41F8FA" box="[545,746,1883,1908]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Pseudoligoxystre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE3FF9EEC2DF8DEFD41F8FA" box="[545,746,1883,1908]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudoligoxystre</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by comparing his material to a species then placed in
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE3FF9EEB60F8DEFE58F812" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE3FF9EEB60F8DEFF52F812" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oligoxystre</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE3FF9EEF07F806FE41F812" box="[267,490,1923,1948]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentineniense">O. argentineniense</taxonomicName>
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)
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</emphasis>
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and observed the following differences: embolus shorter, tarsi longer and each spermathecal receptacle bearing two apical lobes. According to Vol,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE3FF9EEDCDF82EFBE2F84A" box="[961,1097,1963,1988]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE3FF9EEDCDF82EFBE2F84A" box="[961,1097,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Oligoxystre</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a long and thin embolus and the spermethecae formed by two long tubes bearing a rounded termini. The name
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE3FF9EEA8DF856FAE1F862" box="[1153,1354,2003,2028]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Pseudoligoxystre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE3FF9EEA8DF856FAE1F862" box="[1153,1354,2003,2028]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudoligoxystre</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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comes from the resemblance that it has with
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE4FF99EC58FF1DFD77FF3F" box="[596,732,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE4FF99EC58FF1DFD77FF3F" box="[596,732,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Oligoxystre</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, because they both have a labium wider than long with few cuspules (fewer than 10). However, when Vol described
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE4FF99ED34FF45FBAAFF57" box="[824,1025,192,217]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Pseudoligoxystre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE4FF99ED34FF45FBAAFF57" box="[824,1025,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pseudoligoxystre</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the only material available to him for comparison was
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE4FF99EF88FF6DFD95FE8F" box="[388,574,232,257]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinense">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE4FF99EF88FF6DFD95FE8F" box="[388,574,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">O. argentinense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which has since been transferred to
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE4FF99EDE2FF6DFBF5FE8F" box="[1006,1118,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Catumuri</emphasis>
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. It is clear that Vol used
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE4FF99EB73FF6DFE86FEA7" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinense">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE4FF99EB73FF6DFE86FEA7" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">O. argentinense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to differ his new genus when he mentions that the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE4FF99EDC4FE95FBFBFEA7" box="[968,1104,272,297]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE4FF99EDC4FE95FBFBFEA7" box="[968,1104,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Oligoxystre</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
presents the palpal bulb and spermathecae as described above.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF34661AFFE4FF99EE9BF9F1FCD7F920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178229/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[361,1226,395,1626]" targetPageId="4">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE4FF99EE9BF9F1FCD7F920" blockId="4.[151,1436,1652,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE4FF99EE9BF9F1FEE8F902" bold="true" box="[151,323,1652,1676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURES 7–8.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE4FF99EF45F9F1FDE8F905" box="[329,579,1652,1675]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivianum">
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<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE4FF99EF45F9F1FDE8F905" box="[329,579,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Oligoxystre bolivianum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. 7. Female MZSP 23224, from Catalão, Goiás, Brazil (photo: J. Guadanucci). 8. Male MZSP 26076, from Catalão, Goiás, Brazil (photo: H. Mariano).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE4FF98EECBF881FBA7FF54" blockId="4.[151,1437,1796,2022]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,152,378]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B63FFE4FF99EECBF881FE02F890" author="Guadanucci" box="[199,425,1796,1822]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" refString="Guadanucci, J. P. L. (2004) Decription of Catumiri n. gen. and three new species (Theraphosidae, Ischnocolinae). Zootaxa, 671, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2004">Guadanucci (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE4FF99EC24F880FD39F890" box="[552,658,1797,1822]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Catumiri" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE4FF99EC24F880FD39F890" box="[552,658,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Catumiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE4FF99ECC8F880FC42F890" box="[708,1001,1797,1822]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE4FF99ECC8F880FC42F890" box="[708,1001,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Oligoxystre argentinense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and three new species. According to his description
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE4FF99EF45F8A8FE18F8C8" box="[329,435,1837,1862]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Catumiri" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE4FF99EF45F8A8FE18F8C8" box="[329,435,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Catumiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE4FF99EC40F8A8FD7FF8C8" box="[588,724,1837,1862]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE4FF99EC40F8A8FD7FF8C8" box="[588,724,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Oligoxystre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the divided anterior tarsal scopula, spermathecae receptacles each with one apical terminus; presence of a row of teeth on the prolateral margin of the tarsal claws of males. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B63FFE4FF99EF9DF8F9FDEBF818" author="Vellard" box="[401,576,1916,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" refString="Vellard, J. (1924) Etudes de zoologie. Archivos do Instituto Vital Brazil, vol. 2, 121 - 170, 8 pls." type="journal article" year="1924">Vellard (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE4FF99EC42F8F8FD7DF818" box="[590,726,1917,1942]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE4FF99EC42F8F8FD7DF818" box="[590,726,1917,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Oligoxystre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by the labium wider than long with 4 or 5 cuspules; maxilae with 15–20 cuspules; tarsal scopula I and II undivided; metatarsus I occupied by scopula until the 1/3 basal region and II more than apical half occupied by scopula, matching perfectly with Vol`s description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE5FF98EF4DFF1DFDA1FF3F" box="[321,522,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Pseudoligoxystre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE5FF98EF4DFF1DFDA1FF3F" box="[321,522,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudoligoxystre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It was not possible to have access to the type-material. Males from the typelocality (MZSP 26082, 26083) that match Vol's descritpion were examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE5FF98EECBFF6DFB26FEA4" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Concluding, Vol erroneously used
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE5FF98EC56FF6DFCCBFE8F" box="[602,864,232,257]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Catumiri" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE5FF98EC56FF6DFCCBFE8F" box="[602,864,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Catumiri argentinense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(instead of the description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F08830FFE5FF98EAEBFF6DFAB1FE8C" box="[1255,1306,232,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species) to compare and establish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE5FF98EFAFFE95FDC7FEA7" box="[419,620,272,297]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Pseudoligoxystre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE5FF98EFAFFE95FDC7FEA7" box="[419,620,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudoligoxystre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ignoring Vellard`s description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE5FF98EDF3FE95FB2CFEA7" box="[1023,1159,272,297]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE5FF98EDF3FE95FB2CFEA7" box="[1023,1159,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Oligoxystre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE5FF98EECBFEBDFB24FEF4" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE5FF98EECBFEBDFE9AFEDF" box="[199,305,312,337]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Catumiri" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE5FF98EECBFEBDFE9AFEDF" box="[199,305,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Catumiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprises a different group from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE5FF98ECD3FEBDFCCCFEDF" box="[735,871,312,337]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE5FF98ECD3FEBDFCCCFEDF" box="[735,871,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Oligoxystre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as described as a new genus by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B63FFE5FF98EB1CFEBDFF42FEF4" author="Guadanucci" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refString="Guadanucci, J. P. L. (2004) Decription of Catumiri n. gen. and three new species (Theraphosidae, Ischnocolinae). Zootaxa, 671, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2004">Guadanucci (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE5FF98EF7AFEE5FD94FEF7" box="[374,575,352,377]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Pseudoligoxystre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE5FF98EF7AFEE5FD94FEF7" box="[374,575,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudoligoxystre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered here junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE5FF98EA0CFEE5FB23FEF7" box="[1024,1160,352,377]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE5FF98EA0CFEE5FB23FEF7" box="[1024,1160,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Oligoxystre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF34661AFFE5FF98EE9BF976FD21F8A3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178230/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[360,1228,436,1755]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE5FF98EE9BF976FD21F8A3" blockId="5.[151,1436,1779,1837]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE5FF98EE9BF976FEFBF885" bold="true" box="[151,336,1779,1803]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURES 9–10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE5FF98EF5AF976FDFBF884" box="[342,592,1779,1802]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE5FF98EF5AF976FDFBF884" box="[342,592,1779,1802]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Oligoxystre bolivianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 9. Female, from Samaipata, Santa Cruz, Bolívia. 10. Spiderling, from Rurrenabaque, Beni, Bolívia (photos: J. Guadanucci).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516519FFE5FF9BEECAF8FBFC1AFEF4" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE5FF9BEECAF8FBFC1AFEF4" blockId="5.[151,1436,1917,2024]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,498]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE5FF98EECAF8FBFE18F816" bold="true" box="[198,435,1918,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7602FFE5FF98EFCEF8FBFD95F816" box="[450,574,1918,1944]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Santa Cruz: Samaipata, 2ɗ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE5FF98ED9FF8FBFC49F816" box="[915,994,1918,1944]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZSP</collectionCode>
|
||
26082, 26083); Beni: San Buenaventura, 2ɗ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE5FF98EF08F823FEF8F84E" box="[260,339,1958,1984]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZSP</collectionCode>
|
||
26084, 26086), 1Ψ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE5FF98EC40F823FD30F84E" box="[588,667,1958,1984]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZSP</collectionCode>
|
||
26085).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7602FFE5FF98ED08F823FCD9F84E" box="[772,882,1958,1984]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Distrito Federal:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7602FFE5FF98EA48F823FB09F84E" box="[1092,1186,1958,1984]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brasília</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 4Ψ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE5FF98EAECF823FA9FF84E" box="[1248,1332,1958,1984]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNRJ</collectionCode>
|
||
), 3Ψ and 1ɗ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE5FF98EEC5F84BFEB6F866" box="[201,285,1998,2024]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNRJ</collectionCode>
|
||
), 1ɗ (UnB 870), 1ɗ (UnB 131), 1Ψ (UnB 343), 1Ψ (UnB 765), 1ɗ (UnB 1129), 1Ψ (UnB 1645); Sobradinho, 1Ψ (UnB 1795), 1ɗ (UnB 1824), 1ɗ (UnB 1910), 1Ψ (UnB 1993), 1Ψ (UnB 2099), 1ɗ (UnB 2604), 1ɗ (UnB 2752). Goiás: Aragarças, 1ɗ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE6FF9BECCDFF45FCBAFF54" box="[705,785,192,218]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MNRJ</collectionCode>
|
||
3850); Catalão: Fazenda Alvorada 1ɗ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE6FF9BEAE7FF45FA92FF54" box="[1259,1337,192,218]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MZSP</collectionCode>
|
||
26076), 1Ψ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE6FF9BEEC1FF6DFEB7FE8C" box="[205,284,232,258]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MZSP</collectionCode>
|
||
23224), Mineiros, 1ɗ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE6FF9BEC4DFF6DFD2AFE8C" box="[577,641,232,258]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IBSP</collectionCode>
|
||
9493). Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, 1ɗ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE6FF9BEB09FF6DFAEEFE8C" box="[1285,1349,232,258]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IBSP</collectionCode>
|
||
9494), (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE6FF9BEE93FE95FF74FEA4" box="[159,223,272,298]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IBSP</collectionCode>
|
||
9495), 1Ψ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE6FF9BEF7CFE95FE1BFEA4" box="[368,432,272,298]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IBSP</collectionCode>
|
||
9043), (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE6FF9BEC1AFE95FDFEFEA4" box="[534,597,272,298]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IBSP</collectionCode>
|
||
9504), 1Ψ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE6FF9BECE4FE95FC83FEA4" box="[744,808,272,298]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IBSP</collectionCode>
|
||
9503), 1Ψ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE6FF9BEDB5FE95FC52FEA4" box="[953,1017,272,298]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IBSP</collectionCode>
|
||
9505), 1Ψ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE6FF9BEA87FE95FB61FEA4" box="[1163,1226,272,298]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IBSP</collectionCode>
|
||
9143), 1Ψ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE6FF9BEB50FE95FA37FEA4" box="[1372,1436,272,298]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IBSP</collectionCode>
|
||
9040), 1Ψ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE6FF9BEF10FEBDFEC1FEDC" box="[284,362,312,338]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MZSP</collectionCode>
|
||
18978); Cuiabá, 1ɗ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE6FF9BEC67FEBDFD00FEDC" box="[619,683,312,338]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IBSP</collectionCode>
|
||
9496); Diamantina, 1ɗ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE6FF9BEDDDFEBDFBBAFEDC" box="[977,1041,312,338]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IBSP</collectionCode>
|
||
5686); Manso, 1ɗ (UnB 202), 1j (UnB 188). Rondônia: U. H. Samuel, Porto Velho, 1Ψ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE57FFE6FF9BED12FEE5FCF5FEF4" box="[798,862,352,378]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IBSP</collectionCode>
|
||
9506).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516519FFE6FF9BEECAFE02FD41FE7C" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE6FF9BEECAFE02FD41FE7C" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,498]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE6FF9BEECAFE02FE94FE2F" bold="true" box="[198,319,391,417]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Males may be distinguished from all other species by the palpal bulb with a short embolus with a small subapical keel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A17FFE6FF9BEFEBFE35FDF2FE44" box="[487,601,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[195,1388,622,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[195,1392,610,1687]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Oligoxystre bolivianum. 1 – 4. Male MZSP 26076. 1. Tibial apophysis, ventral-prolateral view. 2. Bulb, retrolateral view. 3. Bulb, prolateral view. 4. Bulb, dorsal view. 5. Male, embolus tip. 6. Female, MZSP 23224, spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178228/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 2–5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females may be distinguished by the spermathecal receptacula being as wide as long, with apical termini apical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A17FFE6FF9BEC98FE5DFD70FE7C" box="[660,731,472,498]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[195,1388,622,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[195,1392,610,1687]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Oligoxystre bolivianum. 1 – 4. Male MZSP 26076. 1. Tibial apophysis, ventral-prolateral view. 2. Bulb, retrolateral view. 3. Bulb, prolateral view. 4. Bulb, dorsal view. 5. Male, embolus tip. 6. Female, MZSP 23224, spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178228/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF34661AFFE6FF9BEE9BF8FAFDD5F837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178231/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[355,1232,554,1894]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE6FF9BEE9BF8FAFDD5F837" blockId="6.[151,1436,1919,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE6FF9BEE9BF8FAFECBF819" bold="true" box="[151,352,1919,1943]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURES 11–12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE6FF9BEF66F805FDC3F819" box="[362,616,1920,1943]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE6FF9BEF66F805FDC3F819" box="[362,616,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Oligoxystre bolivianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 11. Male, from Rurrenabaque, Beni, Bolívia. 12. Female, from Rurrenabaque, Beni, Bolívia (photos: J. Guadanucci).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF34661AFFE7FF9AEE9BF9A9FDFDF9E8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178232/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[363,1223,194,1555]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE7FF9AEE9BF9A9FDFDF9E8" blockId="7.[151,1436,1580,1638]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE7FF9AEE9BF9A9FEF5F9CA" bold="true" box="[151,350,1580,1604]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURES 13–14.</emphasis>
|
||
Collecting site of
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE7FF9AEC2FF9A9FC8FF9CD" box="[547,804,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE7FF9AEC2FF9A9FC8BF9CD" box="[547,800,1580,1603]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivianum">Oligoxystre bolivianum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
13. Landscape of Catalão, Goiás, Brazil. 14. Forest in Catalão, Goiás, Brazil (photos: A. Monteiro).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516519FFE7FF97EECAF939FD49FDE4" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE7FF95EECAF939FD9FFEF4" blockId="7.[151,1437,1724,2030]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,378]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE7FF9AEECAF939FEFCF958" bold="true" box="[198,343,1724,1750]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Male (MZSP 26076). Total length: 21.4. Carapace: length 8.52; width 6.98. Eye tubercle: length 1.18; width 1.52. Labium: length 0.5; width 1.37. Sternum: length 4.37; width 3.65. Basal segment of chelicera with 8 teeth. Labium with 3 cuspules. Maxilla with 20–23 cuspules. Thoracic fovea slightly recurved. Palp: femur 4.53/ patella 2.9/ tibia 3.43/ cymbium 1.78/ total 12.64. Legs
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE7FF9AEA62F8B1FBD2F8C0" bold="true" box="[1134,1145,1844,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">I</emphasis>
|
||
: femur 7.8/ patella 4.46/ tibia 5.76/ metatarsus 5.44/ tarsus 3.33/ total 26.79.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE7FF9AECF3F8D9FCBDF8F8" bold="true" box="[767,790,1884,1910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">II</emphasis>
|
||
: 6.98/ 3.91/ 5.09/ 4.89/ 3.13/
|
||
<date id="FFF51052FFE7FF9AEA75F8D9FB63F8F8" box="[1145,1224,1884,1910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
24.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE7FF9AEAAAF8D9FB63F8F8" bold="true" box="[1190,1224,1884,1910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">III</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
: 6.06/ 3.05/ 4.32/ 4.99/ 3.1/ 21.52.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE7FF9AEF50F801FED1F810" bold="true" box="[348,378,1924,1950]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">IV</emphasis>
|
||
: 7.95/ 3.73/ 6.41/ 6.89/ 3.57/ 28.55. Spines: Palp: femur (d) 0-0-p1, patella 0, tibia (v) 0-0- 1, (p) 1-1-1; Legs:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE7FF9AEF7BF829FE29F848" bold="true" box="[375,386,1964,1990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">I</emphasis>
|
||
: femur (d) 0-0-p1, patella 0, tibia (v) 2-2-ap1, (p) 0-1-0, metatarsus (v) r1-0-0;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE7FF9AEB23F829FAEEF848" bold="true" box="[1327,1349,1964,1990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">II</emphasis>
|
||
: femur (d) 0-0-2, patella 0, tibia (v) 2-2-ap2, (p) 0-1-1, metatarsus (v) 1-0-0;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE7FF9AEDB2F851FC4BF860" bold="true" box="[958,992,2004,2030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">III</emphasis>
|
||
: femur (d) 1-5-3, patella 0, tibia (r) 1- 1-0, (v) 4-3-ap2, (p) 1-1-0, metatarsus (r) 1-1-0, (v) 0-2-ap3, (p)1-1-1;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE8FF95EDD6FF12FC53FF3F" bold="true" box="[986,1016,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">IV</emphasis>
|
||
: femur (d) 1-5-3, patella 0, tibia (r) 1-1-1, (v) 3-3-ap3, (p) 0-1-1, metatarsus (r) 1-1-1, (v) 2-0-ap3, (p) 1-1-1. Retrolateral lobe of cymbium slightly larger than prolateral lobe. Palpal bulb with short embolus, bent distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A17FFE8FF95EA43FF6DFB3DFE8C" box="[1103,1174,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[195,1388,622,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[195,1392,610,1687]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Oligoxystre bolivianum. 1 – 4. Male MZSP 26076. 1. Tibial apophysis, ventral-prolateral view. 2. Bulb, retrolateral view. 3. Bulb, prolateral view. 4. Bulb, dorsal view. 5. Male, embolus tip. 6. Female, MZSP 23224, spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178228/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), with small subapical keel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A17FFE8FF95EED5FE95FEE6FEA4" box="[217,333,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[195,1388,622,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[195,1392,610,1687]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Oligoxystre bolivianum. 1 – 4. Male MZSP 26076. 1. Tibial apophysis, ventral-prolateral view. 2. Bulb, retrolateral view. 3. Bulb, prolateral view. 4. Bulb, dorsal view. 5. Male, embolus tip. 6. Female, MZSP 23224, spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178228/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 2–5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Retrolateral branch of tibial spur with spine inserted on its midlength, internal branch with spine inserted on its base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A17FFE8FF95EFC0FEBDFDBAFEDC" box="[460,529,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[195,1388,622,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[195,1392,610,1687]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Oligoxystre bolivianum. 1 – 4. Male MZSP 26076. 1. Tibial apophysis, ventral-prolateral view. 2. Bulb, retrolateral view. 3. Bulb, prolateral view. 4. Bulb, dorsal view. 5. Male, embolus tip. 6. Female, MZSP 23224, spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178228/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metatarsus I bends retrolaterally to tibial spur. Carapace reddish. Abdomen dark with some clear setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A17FFE8FF95EFD1FEE5FD8FFEF4" box="[477,548,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 8" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1652,1676]" captionTargetBox="[361,1226,395,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[361,1226,394,1628]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 8. Oligoxystre bolivianum. 7. Female MZSP 23224, from Catalão, Goiás, Brazil (photo: J. Guadanucci). 8. Male MZSP 26076, from Catalão, Goiás, Brazil (photo: H. Mariano)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178229/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF34661AFFE8FF95EE9BF9F8FC2FF939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178233/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[363,1223,429,1637]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE8FF95EE9BF9F8FC2FF939" blockId="8.[151,1435,1661,1719]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE8FF95EE9BF9F8FEF5F91B" bold="true" box="[151,350,1661,1685]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURES 15–16.</emphasis>
|
||
Collecting site of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE8FF95EC2FF9F8FCB6F91A" box="[547,797,1661,1684]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE8FF95EC2FF9F8FCB6F91A" box="[547,797,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Oligoxystre bolivianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 15. Landscape of Samaipata, Santa Cruz, Bolívia. 16. Collecting site in Samaipata, Santa Cruz, Bolívia (photos: D. Weinmann).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE8FF94EECBF888FDACFEDC" blockId="8.[151,1437,1805,2031]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,458]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Female (MZSP 23224). Total length: 21.1. Carapace: length 9.17; width 7.46. Eye tubercle: length 1.32; width 1.65. Labium: length 0.64; width 1.64. Sternum: length 4.12; width 3.92. Basal segment of chelicera with 8–10 teeth. Labium with 3 cuspules. Maxilla with 19–20 cuspules. Palp: femur 4.58/ patella 3.33/ tibia 2.75/ tarsus 2.85/ total 13.51. Legs
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE8FF95EC48F800FDE4F811" bold="true" box="[580,591,1925,1951]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">I</emphasis>
|
||
: femur 6.59/ patella 4.57/ tibia 4.5/ metatarsus 3.98/ tarsus 2.61/ total 22.25.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE8FF95EEE5F828FEABF849" bold="true" box="[233,256,1965,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">II</emphasis>
|
||
: 5.75/ 3.92/ 3.71/ 3.56/ 2.5/ 19.44.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE8FF95ECA4F828FD61F849" bold="true" box="[680,714,1965,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">III</emphasis>
|
||
: 5.24/ 3.2/ 3.31/ 3.82/ 2.6/ 18.17.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE8FF95EA69F828FB28F849" bold="true" box="[1125,1155,1965,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">IV</emphasis>
|
||
: 6.85/ 4.04/ 5.35/ 5.54/ 2.94/ 24.72. Spines. Palp: femur (d) 0-0-p1, patella 0, tibia (v) 0-2-ap2, (p) 0-1-0. Legs
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE8FF95EABCF850FB10F861" bold="true" box="[1200,1211,2005,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">I</emphasis>
|
||
: femur (d) 0-0-p1, patella 0, tibia (v) 0-1-ap1, (p) 0-1-0, metatarsus (v) r1-0-0.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE9FF94ED6CFF12FCDDFF3F" bold="true" box="[864,886,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">II</emphasis>
|
||
: femur (d) 0-0-p1, patella 0, tibia (v) 0-1-ap1, (p) 0-1-0, metatarsus (v) r1-0-0.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE9FF94EC19FF3AFD9CFF57" bold="true" box="[533,567,191,217]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">III</emphasis>
|
||
: femur (d) 0-0-1, patella 0, tibia (r) 1-1-0, (v) 0-2-ap2, (p) 1-1-0, metatarsus (r) 0-1-1, (p) 1-1-1, (v) 0-2-ap
|
||
<date id="FFF51052FFE9FF94EC2FFF6DFDF0FE8F" box="[547,603,231,258]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
2.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE9FF94EC31FF62FDF0FE8F" bold="true" box="[573,603,231,257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">IV</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
: femur 0, patella 0, tibia (r) 0-1-1, (v) 0-1-ap2, metatarsus (r) 0-1-1, (v) p1-4-ap3, (p) 0-1-0. Spermathecae paired, receptacula short, as wide as long, with apical termini (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A17FFE9FF94EB07FE95FAF9FEA4" box="[1291,1362,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[195,1388,622,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[195,1392,610,1687]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Oligoxystre bolivianum. 1 – 4. Male MZSP 26076. 1. Tibial apophysis, ventral-prolateral view. 2. Bulb, retrolateral view. 3. Bulb, prolateral view. 4. Bulb, dorsal view. 5. Male, embolus tip. 6. Female, MZSP 23224, spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178228/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Coloration similar to male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A17FFE9FF94EFBDFEBDFE52FEDC" box="[433,505,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 8" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1652,1676]" captionTargetBox="[361,1226,395,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[361,1226,394,1628]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 8. Oligoxystre bolivianum. 7. Female MZSP 23224, from Catalão, Goiás, Brazil (photo: J. Guadanucci). 8. Male MZSP 26076, from Catalão, Goiás, Brazil (photo: H. Mariano)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178229/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE9FF94EECAFEDAFD23FE44" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,458]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE9FF94EECAFEDAFEAAFEF7" bold="true" box="[198,257,351,377]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Note</emphasis>
|
||
. This species has a very wide distribution, from central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7602FFE9FF94ED80FEE5FC7FFEF4" box="[908,980,352,378]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
to eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7602FFE9FF94EA5EFEE5FB07FEF4" box="[1106,1196,352,378]" name="Bolivia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Although spiders in different populations show variation in color (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A17FFE9FF94ECB7FE0DFC96FE2C" box="[699,829,392,418]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 7 – 8" captionStart-1="FIGURES 9 – 10" captionStart-2="FIGURES 11 – 12" captionStartId-0="4.[151,269,1652,1676]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,269,1779,1803]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,269,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox-0="[361,1226,395,1626]" captionTargetBox-1="[360,1228,436,1755]" captionTargetBox-2="[355,1232,554,1894]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[361,1226,394,1628]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[358,1228,434,1755]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[353,1234,554,1895]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 7 – 8. Oligoxystre bolivianum. 7. Female MZSP 23224, from Catalão, Goiás, Brazil (photo: J. Guadanucci). 8. Male MZSP 26076, from Catalão, Goiás, Brazil (photo: H. Mariano)." captionText-1="FIGURES 9 – 10. Oligoxystre bolivianum. 9. Female, from Samaipata, Santa Cruz, Bolívia. 10. Spiderling, from Rurrenabaque, Beni, Bolívia (photos: J. Guadanucci)." captionText-2="FIGURES 11 – 12. Oligoxystre bolivianum. 11. Male, from Rurrenabaque, Beni, Bolívia. 12. Female, from Rurrenabaque, Beni, Bolívia (photos: J. Guadanucci)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/178229/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/178230/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/178231/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 7–12</figureCitation>
|
||
), they all have the same genitalia morphology, and therefore are assigned to the same species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF34661AFFE9FF94EE9BF963FCEBF8AE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178234/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[364,1222,503,1749]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE9FF94EE9BF963FCEBF8AE" blockId="9.[151,1436,1766,1824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE9FF94EE9BF963FEF6F970" bold="true" box="[151,349,1766,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURES 17–18.</emphasis>
|
||
Collecting site of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D11FFE9FF94EC2CF962FCB1F970" box="[544,794,1767,1790]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Oligoxystre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE9FF94EC2CF962FCB1F970" box="[544,794,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Oligoxystre bolivianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 17. Landscape in Rurrenabaque, Beni, Bolívia. 18. Collecting site in Rurrenabaque, Beni, Bolivia (photos: D. Weinmann).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43692FFE9FF97EECAF8E6FBC1FEA4" blockId="9.[151,1436,1891,2038]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,618]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA80FFE9FF94EECAF8E6FE2EF8F3" bold="true" box="[198,389,1891,1917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Natural history</emphasis>
|
||
. In their revision, Gerschman & Schiapelli (1973) stated that spiders of some Ischnocolinae can be found under stones and fallen trunks. Similarly,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B63FFE9FF94ED70F809FC55F828" author="Vol" box="[892,1022,1932,1958]" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" refString="Vol, F. (2001) Description de Pseudoligoxystre bolivianus sp. et gen. n. (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Ischnocolinae), de Bolivie. Arachnides, 50,: 3 - 10." type="journal article" year="2001">Vol (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the specimens that he described, were collected inside houses as well as under rocks with silk. The specimens studied herein, from Samaipata,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7602FFE9FF94EF2DF859FEDCF878" box="[289,375,2012,2038]" name="Bolivia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A17FFE9FF94EF84F859FDBEF878" box="[392,533,2012,2038]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 16" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[363,1223,429,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[363,1223,426,1637]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 16. Collecting site of Oligoxystre bolivianum. 15. Landscape of Samaipata, Santa Cruz, Bolívia. 16. Collecting site in Samaipata, Santa Cruz, Bolívia (photos: D. Weinmann)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178233/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 15–16</figureCitation>
|
||
) were collected under rocks (Dirk Weinmann, pers. com.), as was the material from the type-locality, Catalão, Goiás,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7602FFEAFF97EC80FF1DFD7FFF3C" box="[652,724,152,178]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A17FFEAFF97ECE8FF1DFCDFFF3C" box="[740,884,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 14" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[363,1223,194,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[363,1223,194,1556]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 14. Collecting site of Oligoxystre bolivianum. 13. Landscape of Catalão, Goiás, Brazil. 14. Forest in Catalão, Goiás, Brazil (photos: A. Monteiro)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178232/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 13–14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both of these areas are dry environments, but the forest in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7602FFEAFF97EF20FF45FEDCFF54" box="[300,375,192,218]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, called "cerradão", has a denser canopy than the habitat in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7602FFEAFF97EA22FF45FB23FF54" box="[1070,1160,192,218]" name="Bolivia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where only some scattered trees are present. At the other locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C7602FFEAFF97ECD8FF6DFC86FE8C" box="[724,813,232,258]" name="Bolivia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Rurrenabaque, Beni, the specimens were collected between the leaf stalk and the tree trunk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A17FFEAFF97EC76FE95FCA3FEA4" box="[634,776,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 18" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1766,1790]" captionTargetBox="[364,1222,503,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[364,1222,503,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 18. Collecting site of Oligoxystre bolivianum. 17. Landscape in Rurrenabaque, Beni, Bolívia. 18. Collecting site in Rurrenabaque, Beni, Bolivia (photos: D. Weinmann)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178234/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 17–18</figureCitation>
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; Dirk Weinmann, pers. com.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43692FFEAFF97EECAFEBDFD49FDE4" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,618]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Both specimens from Catalão were raised in captivity until they molted into adults. Each one was placed in a terrarium with
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B77FFEAFF97EF70FEE5FE1DFEF4" box="[380,438,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
|
||
layer of soil and a large stone. The spiders built a tunnel web between the stone and the glass of the terrarium; the tunnel could be seen from outside (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A17FFEAFF97ED82FE0DFBB5FE2C" box="[910,1054,392,418]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 20" captionStartId="10.[151,269,1974,1998]" captionTargetBox="[366,1220,662,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[366,1221,662,1950]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 20. Terrarium of Oligoxystre bolivianum. 19. View from outside showing the tunnel web. 20. View from above, showing the two entrances of the tunnel (photos: J. Guadanucci)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178235/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 19–20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Several times, the spiders were seen carrying small portions of soil grains and sticking them to the web, until the tunnel was completely covered with soil. This behavior may be interpreted as an attempt to hide the web from predators, since it would not be easily seen. The spiders were seen and fed at both entrances of the tunnel. Apparently, they showed no preferences for either entrance. Beneath the stone, the tunnels branched into several secondary, smaller tunnels through which the spider would walk rapidly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |