288 lines
35 KiB
XML
288 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="EBDD272ACCD0FF6187991CFD584B372F" ID-CLB-Dataset="300003" ID-DOI="10.1186/s13358-023-00294-2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="700f0312-9a9d-4bb3-b465-8001709b7589" ID-ISSN="1664-2384" ID-PMC="PMC10624732" ID-PubMed="37927422" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12002950" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1718654066480" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Viertler, Alexandra, Urfer, Karin, Schulz, Georg, Klopfstein, Seraina & Spasojevic, Tamara" docDate="2023" docId="03E28783FFE2FFD3FCF535E54368FD1A" docLanguage="en" docName="SwissJPalaeontol.142.30.pdf" docOrigin="Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (30) 142 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-023-00294-2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DBDC680DC95E08776BDF6354C30A315B.1:SwissJPalaeontol.2022-.journal_article" docStyleId="DBDC680DC95E08776BDF6354C30A315B" docStyleName="SwissJPalaeontol.2022-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Magnocula Viertler, Klopfstein & Spasojevic 2023, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="D2B1B906-279E-440E-B666-F5984022A986" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FFDBFFFBFFF0FFC7FFD83076424BFFF9" masterDocTitle="Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1721321947078" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="5FB859F30CDB0B3E2D9E9837D596739A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="1531E500E07D38A6B43A5E9A1489FA41">
|
||
<mods:title id="56DDB1BF49248F519D038832979E5334">Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="B09BCBC8D123608007B719949137919A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="996DDD5341F7A734D802BFB26CC41E07">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C0109F01DB5CEF60D13A8B0BDBA6CE6B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="EC57DF5FAF23FE215A5EDC4F16E5DC3D">Viertler, Alexandra</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="C9BF1BE09200EC35E2C11DD6570EF4D1">Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4051 Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="59D1625525BA8356AE40367D9BC472F6" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="3F3D5708DD75762225EADBC8BCDECC5E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8CCEC907810279BFA8750A60671E6063">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="45923351A0755F623BE7F54816D32118">Urfer, Karin</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="45E3E6DA9D5E0B5B7053AD665B0202E0">Natural History Museum St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 263, 9016 St. Gallen, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="DF2C5EAA6B688E64398E9C38ABD4B9E0" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0A8C6C8DEE48B548843AADC4E7710FFE">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B8BB8208E7331A18D091AF38188D095F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6FD35699B84421932BC3F8B6823A207D">Schulz, Georg</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="19E3916DE092567276DFF2380CD61E54">Core Facility Micro- and Nanotomography, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167 B / C, & Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167 B / C, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A15FEA1AF7DC43B2088D64A11822763D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BAE469001CFC46215D1ED15A66D69869">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="05E20D5B3EA3CCB3B6AB3C0550496128">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8017243D61FC26764552EB36A4F0A668">Klopfstein, Seraina</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="21F408E60F354C20ADC0A63DBADBE807">Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4051 Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="5C5ADC36581C0A898AA5DF5FE77052F8" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1A45FE358141929BD3B60B1B43FE9A51">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DB55B9E8324EBA83EB541E4DFAFDA4BC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7640A0F036912B267219CE558405AFEB">Spasojevic, Tamara</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="14AF89A742D74C2BE5BDB79024D356F6">Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4051 Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="0408FFC1EA1D00247F22FFC5C5EDDBDE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="091F3C99E6C2299CB992635CA9B92F8E" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="FEDF69BA222081126B53DD7CDD157704">
|
||
<mods:title id="AA60054970D87B365E36446848C4379E">Swiss Journal of Palaeontology</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="D8EFBD56CE29DDE8E4C844B02342E79F">
|
||
<mods:date id="0F10FC4FFD1529C1FF351F2022D55B63">2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="4975AE03DA3C2D3C41206E7237E16AEC" type="series">
|
||
<mods:title id="936E7A0555A9EDBECFE5032EC7E336AA">30</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="8057CD49FFF2920C7F1595455992A5AD" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="E7FD9259527820F84729A451630612B0">2023-11-03</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A01264805E99B64A10AB607E72F1A09D" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="4F0B5FAF5C22473E145CDF8F3E415A77">142</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="DF1A6C1EA35E2F0CDF12328133AC15DF" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="8A1A09D2FB8683575E5B29B817190A88">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="F1922D95CA769F7F391CB6C9CED1345F" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="3833B6049EDA6D281DB5E43AFCEBE135">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="9C705CC8C252AF829D664CCF376D3E2A">27</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="A616CD17FD32FE0EA2FFD54DB2055441">
|
||
<mods:url id="9301B61279D02AFF91182CB8F463A6B4">http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-023-00294-2</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="515344A2C19C886D9A4D4074C886910B">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FFD26DE2226FDEF1F45362E3E4919614" type="CLB-Dataset">300003</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9F44D84366B9EF711CCE5C4EF3FD0C20" type="DOI">10.1186/s13358-023-00294-2</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="59FCFEEAAF9309208541FF448C31F63C" type="GBIF-Dataset">700f0312-9a9d-4bb3-b465-8001709b7589</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="88EB5FFF6BD79406A18B22BB48D66548" type="ISSN">1664-2384</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="67D923E7DBBB6F9182BF1594C4846F17" type="PMC">PMC10624732</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3CB8B0A94C96AC01DE4BB85B6280A505" type="PubMed">37927422</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="901409F13CCD74AE9FBD6B58E6BDF6A7" type="Zenodo-Dep">12002950</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F72CB369E40EF880E99EE858A95A1887" type="ZooBank">2F370DF6-6B5C-4B69-A670-51BDD54414A4</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03E28783FFE2FFD3FCF535E54368FD1A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12773774" ID-GBIF-Taxon="235609666" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12773774" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D2B1B906-279E-440E-B666-F5984022A986" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E28783FFE2FFD3FCF535E54368FD1A" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C351651EFFE2FFD5FCF535E5419AFA32" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE2FFD5FCF535E5419AFA32" blockId="18.[813,1437,1427,1483]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<heading id="D0BC81F9FFE2FFD5FCF535E5419AFA32" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE2FFD5FCA235E54723FA52" authority="Viertler, Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityName="Viertler, Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[890,1384,1427,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Magnocula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE2FFD5FCA235E541B6FA52" bold="true" box="[890,1021,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Magnocula</emphasis>
|
||
Viertler, Klopfstein & Spasojevic
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57FCFFE2FFD5FAB735E24111FA33" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(feminine)
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C351651EFFE2FFD5FCF53585419AF9D2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE2FFD5FCF53585419AF9D2" blockId="18.[813,1436,1523,1579]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<uri id="FFDA3A97FFE2FFD5FCF53585419AF9D2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
|
||
<uuid id="FFED0C40FFE2FFD5FB9A3585419AF9D2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D2B1B906-279E-440E-B666- F5984022A986</uuid>
|
||
</uri>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C351651EFFE2FFD5FCF5362546B0F972" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE2FFD5FCF5362546B0F972" blockId="18.[813,1436,1619,1675]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE2FFD5FCF5362541E2F992" bold="true" box="[813,937,1619,1643]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
: The name is a combination of the latin words “magna” and “ocula”, meaning “large-eyed”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C351651EFFE2FFD5FCF536C54726F933" box="[813,1389,1715,1739]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE2FFD5FCF536C54726F933" blockId="18.[813,1389,1715,1739]" box="[813,1389,1715,1739]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE2FFD5FCF536C541F4F932" bold="true" box="[813,959,1715,1739]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F08837FFE2FFD5FCF536C5412DF932" box="[813,870,1715,1739]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE2FFD5FC1336C5468CF932" authority="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2023" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[971,1223,1715,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Magnocula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarcophaga" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE2FFD5FC1336C5468CF932" box="[971,1223,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Magnocula sarcophaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57FCFFE2FFD5FB1536C54726F933" box="[1229,1389,1715,1739]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C351651EFFE2FFD4FCF53685407DF8FA" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE2FFD4FCF536854012FE3A" blockId="18.[813,1437,1779,1931]" lastBlockId="19.[151,776,235,1795]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE2FFD5FCF53685467BF8F2" bold="true" box="[813,1072,1779,1803]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Systematic placement:</emphasis>
|
||
The long and narrow
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE2FFD5FAF83685477EF8F2" box="[1312,1333,1779,1803]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T</collectionCode>
|
||
1, with its sternite fused and without glymma resembles some Diacritinae. Also, the fossils’ strong notaulus and the small areolet are characteristics found in Diacritinae. However, the taxa in this subfamily do not possess a complete sternaulus, are at least double the size, and have their nervellus intercepted, which is not the case in our fossil. The fossil also resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FE01315D40A3FEBA" ID-CoL="P4K" authority="Townes, 1969" authorityName="Townes" authorityYear="1969" box="[473,744,299,323]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Adelphion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FE01315D4003FEBA" box="[473,584,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Adelphion</emphasis>
|
||
Townes,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B70FFE3FFD4FD6C315D414CFEBA" box="[692,775,299,323]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.00126" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="in" value="1969.0">1969 in</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pedunculinae, with a similarly looking clypeus, wing venation, and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE3FFD4FEED311D4300FE7A" box="[309,331,363,387]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T</collectionCode>
|
||
1. But the notaulus shape disagrees with this genus, as well as the dimension of the laterotergite 2 and 3, and the shape of the ovipositor tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE3FFD4FF7531BA4033FCFA" blockId="19.[151,776,235,1795]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
The fossil does also resemble some Orthocentrinae, with its setae on the ovipositor sheaths about as long as the sheath width or slightly shorter. Specifically, the short carina anterior of the notauli, and the shapes of the hypopygium and the ovipositor are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FD17323A4335FD7A" ID-CoL="7QX5" authority="Forster, 1869" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Symplecis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FD17323A429EFD7A" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Symplecis</emphasis>
|
||
Förster, 1869
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. But despite the similarities, the fossils mandibles do not agree with Orthocentrinae. Unfortunately, the dense fringe on the apex of the hind tibia, a character that would further support the placement in Orthocentrinae, is not discernible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE3FFD4FF75337A4285FBBA" blockId="19.[151,776,235,1795]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
The fossil resembles taxa in the extinct subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FF4F335D4361FCBA" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,298,811,835]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Townesitinae">Townesitinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is only known from Baltic amber. The similarities include the extremely small body size, tapered mandible, narrow temples, seemingly elongate scapus, long sternaulus, fully areolated propodeum, and the slender legs. However, the strongly developed epomia, together with the wing venation does not fit
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FF4F339D4361FBFA" authority="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2023" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,298,1003,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="subfam. nov." subFamily="Townesitinae">Townesitinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which normally possess a very short r-rs vein, and generally stout and short 1 M + 1
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE3FFD4FDA3347D40D9FBDA" box="[635,658,1035,1059]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R</collectionCode>
|
||
1 and 2 M cells.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE3FFD4FF75343D4028F9DA" blockId="19.[151,776,235,1795]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
A long sternaulus, which reaches back to the posterior end of mesopleuron, is not only found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FDA8341D4148FB7A" authority="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2023" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[624,771,1131,1155]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="subfam. nov." subFamily="Townesitinae">Townesitinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but also in two extant subfamilies, Cryptinae and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FF4F34DD431EFB3A" box="[151,341,1195,1219]" pageId="19" pageNumber="19" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phygadeuontinae">Phygadeuontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The sternaulus, which ends posteriorly above the mid coxa and the two bullae in vein 2m-cu, means the fossil resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FE15349D40C3FAFA" box="[461,648,1259,1283]" pageId="19" pageNumber="19" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phygadeuontinae">Phygadeuontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
more than Cryptinae. The quadratic and slightly petiolate areolet is still quite rare in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FE44355D401CFABA" box="[412,599,1323,1347]" pageId="19" pageNumber="19" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phygadeuontinae">Phygadeuontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Cryptinae, and the observed shape of the first tergite, with the spiracle around the middle, is also not common in this group and points to a potentially ancestral position. Ancestral
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FEC035DD4398FA3A" box="[280,467,1451,1475]" pageId="19" pageNumber="19" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phygadeuontinae">Phygadeuontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
seem to exhibit more plesiomorphic character combinations, as was already observed in the extinct genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FE04359D4328F9DA" authority="Viertler, Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2022" authorityName="Viertler, Klopfstein, & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Madma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FE04359D4078F9FA" box="[476,563,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Madma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B64FFE3FFD4FDE1359D4328F9DA" author="Viertler, A. & Klopfstein, S. & Jouault, C. & Spasojevic, T." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="19 - 45" refId="ref19919" refString="Viertler, A., Klopfstein, S., Jouault, C., & Spasojevic, T. (2022 b). Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in Lower Eocene amber from the Paris basin. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 45, 19 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10. 3897 / jhr. 89.80163" type="journal article" year="2022">Viertler, Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B64FFE3FFD4FEA9367D401EF9DA" author="Viertler, A. & Klopfstein, S. & Jouault, C. & Spasojevic, T." box="[369,597,1547,1571]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="19 - 45" refId="ref19919" refString="Viertler, A., Klopfstein, S., Jouault, C., & Spasojevic, T. (2022 b). Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in Lower Eocene amber from the Paris basin. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 45, 19 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10. 3897 / jhr. 89.80163" type="journal article" year="2022">Viertler et al., 2022b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE3FFD4FF75365D407DF8FA" blockId="19.[151,776,235,1795]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
The fossil combines characteristics of many extant genera and tribes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FE87363D4056F99A" box="[351,541,1611,1635]" pageId="19" pageNumber="19" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phygadeuontinae">Phygadeuontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are in agreement with the phylogenetic placement. However, given the similarities to some Orthocentrinae and Pedunculinae, and lack of some subfamily-specific morphological characters due to taphonomic processes, we add a question mark behind the subfamily name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C351651EFFE3FFD4FF4F375A47D6F97D" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE3FFD4FF4F375A4618FE5A" blockId="19.[151,775,1836,1925]" lastBlockId="19.[813,1437,235,1668]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FF4F375A435AF8BD" bold="true" box="[151,273,1836,1860]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FEA4375B4071F8BC" box="[380,570,1837,1861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="19" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phygadeuontinae">Phygadeuontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the fossil seems to combine characteristics from different extant groups. With the rather deep and strongly converging notauli (Character #57 and # 58), the elongate area superomedia (not coded) and the very long first sternite (Character #174), the fossil resembles some genera previously placed in Chiroticina. But species of Chiroticina have mostly elongated maxillary palps and a long malar space, which is not the case in our fossil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE3FFD4FC9A31DD41FAFDDA" blockId="19.[813,1437,235,1668]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Phygadeuontine genera previously placed in the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FCF531BD41EDFE1A" box="[813,934,459,483]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="tribe" tribe="Hemitelina">Hemitelina</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be excluded since they have the spiracle behind the middle and have their laterotergites 2 and 3 not creased.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE3FFD4FC9A325A4110FAFB" blockId="19.[813,1437,235,1668]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
The slender
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE3FFD4FC0A325D41ACFDBA" box="[978,999,555,579]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T</collectionCode>
|
||
1 with the spiracle around the middle (Character #164 and #171) fits some genera previously placed in Bathytrichina. Many share characteristics with the fossil, such as a rather wide head (not coded) and an elongate area superomedia (not coded). Those genera have their pedicel rather large compared to the scape, but we are uncertain in the interpretation of pedicel and scape in our fossil, which might be either normal in dimensions or enlarged. We can exclude
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FCF5333D4638FC9A" authority="Cushman, 1922" authorityName="Cushman" authorityYear="1922" box="[813,1139,843,867]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Apophysius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FCF5333D41E7FC9A" box="[813,940,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Apophysius</emphasis>
|
||
Cushman, 1922
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the single bulla in 2m-cu;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FC6D331D4690FC7A" authority="Forster, 1869" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1869" box="[949,1243,875,899]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Bathythrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FC6D331D4665FC7A" box="[949,1070,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bathythrix</emphasis>
|
||
Förster, 1869
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to weakly converging notauli, that reach only the centre of the mesoscutum;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FC0B33DD4771FC3A" authority="Cameron, 1902" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1902" box="[979,1338,939,963]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chrysocryptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FC0B33DD4638FC3A" box="[979,1139,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chrysocryptus</emphasis>
|
||
Cameron, 1902
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the teeth length and the clypeus with modifications;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FCF5339D466EFBFA" authority="Seyrig, 1952" authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1952" box="[813,1061,1003,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Retalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FCF5339D4136FBFA" box="[813,893,1003,1027]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Retalia</emphasis>
|
||
Seyrig, 1952
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FBAB339D47D7FBFA" authority="Townes, 1970" authorityName="Townes" authorityYear="1970" box="[1139,1436,1003,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhabdosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FBAB339D46AFFBFA" box="[1139,1252,1003,1027]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rhabdosis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B64FFE3FFD4FB2F339D47D7FBFA" author="Townes, H." box="[1271,1436,1003,1027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 307" refId="ref19669" refString="Townes, H. (1970). The genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 3. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 13, 1 - 307." type="journal article" year="1970">Townes, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to not having propodeal apophyses; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FAE4347D4181FBBA" authority="Townes, 1970" authorityName="Townes" authorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Surculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FAE4347D47D7FBDA" box="[1340,1436,1035,1059]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Surculus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B64FFE3FFD4FCF5345D4181FBBA" author="Townes, H." box="[813,970,1067,1091]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 307" refId="ref19669" refString="Townes, H. (1970). The genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 3. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 13, 1 - 307." type="journal article" year="1970">Townes, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the absence of the basal section of the lateral longitudinal carina and no propodeal apophyses. In addition, the quadratic and slightly petiolate areolet (Character #129) is not found in any taxa of Bathytrichina, or any other extant tribe. We therefore suggest a new extinct genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FB3034BD472DFB1A" authority="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2023" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[1256,1382,1227,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Magnocula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FB3034BD472DFB1A" box="[1256,1382,1227,1251]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Magnocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57FCFFE3FFD4FAB634BD4110FAFB" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE3FFD4FC9A357D47D6F97D" blockId="19.[813,1437,235,1668]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FC9A357D4670FADA" box="[834,1083,1291,1315]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FC9A357D418BFADA" authority="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2023" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[834,960,1291,1315]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Magnocula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Magnocula</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57FCFFE3FFD4FC09357A4670FADA" box="[977,1083,1292,1315]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from the only other described extinct
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FBC9355D469FFABA" box="[1041,1236,1323,1347]" pageId="19" pageNumber="19" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phygadeuontinae">Phygadeuontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FA9C355D46A6FA9A" authority="Viertler, Klopfstein, & Spasojevic 2022" authorityName="Viertler, Klopfstein, & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Madma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FA9C355D47D6FABA" box="[1348,1437,1323,1347]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Madma</emphasis>
|
||
Viertler, Klopfstein, & Spasojevic 2022
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by not having a bilobed posterior transverse carina on the mesosternum, no tooth on the apical margin of the fore tibia and by having a quadratic areolet.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FB6B35DD477AFA3A" authority="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2023" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[1203,1329,1451,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Magnocula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FB6B35DD477AFA3A" box="[1203,1329,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Magnocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57FCFFE3FFD4FAE035DA47D6FA3A" box="[1336,1437,1452,1476]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
shows less plesiomorphic characteristics than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FAE535BD47DDFA1A" authorityName="Viertler, Klopfstein, & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2022" box="[1341,1430,1483,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Madma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FAE535BD47DDFA1A" box="[1341,1430,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Madma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thus, in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FBCF359D463BF9FA" authorityName="Viertler, Klopfstein, & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2022" box="[1047,1136,1515,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Madma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FBCF359D463BF9FA" box="[1047,1136,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Madma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we suggest it is a crown than stem
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FC74367D463BF9DA" box="[940,1136,1547,1571]" pageId="19" pageNumber="19" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phygadeuontinae">Phygadeuontinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In conclusion, since this fossils characteristic combination is not found elsewhere and the fossil shows quite a special quadratic areolet shape for the subfamily, we suggest a new genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C351651EFFE3FFD3FCF536DA4368FD1A" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF43695FFE3FFD3FCF536DA4368FD1A" blockId="19.[813,1437,1708,1925]" lastBlockId="20.[151,776,235,739]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FCF536DA41F6F93D" bold="true" box="[813,957,1708,1732]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
The new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE3FFD4FBB636DB46A2F93C" authority="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2023" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[1134,1257,1709,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Magnocula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE3FFD4FBB636DB46A2F93C" box="[1134,1257,1709,1733]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Magnocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57FCFFE3FFD4FB3736DB471AF93D" box="[1263,1361,1709,1733]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
exhibits a combination the following: Bidentate mandibles and the malar space 0.7 × of the mandible base width, the clypeus slightly convex without modifications on the apical margin, the eyes are large with 0.8 ×head height in lateral view, the occipital carina complete and antenna with 15–17 segments. The notaulus is deep and strongly converging to the middle of the mesoscutum. The epomia is rather strong in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D16FFE4FFD3FE72317D406EFEDA" authority="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic, 2023" authorityName="Viertler & Urfer & Schulz & Klopfstein & Spasojevic" authorityYear="2023" box="[426,549,267,291]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Magnocula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEA87FFE4FFD3FE72317D406EFEDA" box="[426,549,267,291]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Magnocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57FCFFE4FFD3FDE9317A40DCFEDA" box="[561,663,268,292]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and ventrally on a slight elevation. Sternaulus present and ending above the mid coxa, the posterior transverse carina of the mesosternum absent in front of mid coxa but present otherwise. Juxtacoxal carina present, as well as the lateromedian, lateral longitudinal and both transverse carinae. The fore wing with quadratic areolet, which is slightly petiolate, 2m-cu bowed outwards with two bullae, and 1cu-a meets 1 M + 1Rs interstitial. 2Cu absent in the hind wing. S1 almost reaching the posterior part of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE4FFD3FF4F323D42E7FD9A" box="[151,172,587,611]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">T</collectionCode>
|
||
1,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE4FFD3FF1C323D4292FD9A" box="[196,217,587,611]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">T</collectionCode>
|
||
1 slender and with the spiracle around the middle.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE4FFD3FF4F321D42E3FD7A" box="[151,168,619,643]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">T</collectionCode>
|
||
2 with gastrocoelus. Laterotergites of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE4FFD3FD80321D4022FD7A" box="[600,617,619,643]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">T</collectionCode>
|
||
2–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE4FFD3FD5E321D40DCFD7A" box="[646,663,619,643]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">T</collectionCode>
|
||
5 creased.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE50FFE4FFD3FF4F32FD42E2FD5A" box="[151,169,651,675]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">T</collectionCode>
|
||
8 is elongate dorsally, not forming a horn or boss. The length of the ovipositor sheath is around 0.3 × the metasoma length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |