599 lines
63 KiB
XML
599 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document id="4B8C20379781B6B4376469B9EE249D95" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190060" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fcf16418-7b73-4623-aa4c-952e1bf56c3e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190060" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461107209120" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guayasamin, Juan M. & Funk, Chris" docDate="2009" docId="03DFC35EFF8E911139A5F9F2E1DABF14" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02220p066.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2220" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Centrolenidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FFE6BB26FF8C91143932FF81E017B811" masterDocTitle="The amphibian community at Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with a comparison of vertical microhabitat use among Pristimantis species and the description of a new species of the Pristimantis myersi group" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1698593542123" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="37ACFE36F0A0224586C8A678B9C6DE4D">The amphibian community at Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with a comparison of vertical microhabitat use among Pristimantis species and the description of a new species of the Pristimantis myersi group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="49F09274EE4CA3A79C1727C7E99712D4">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C818C1182EA13EC5A8F99BACA125773C">Funk, Chris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="084AB895FDC255ACF018D7835FDF3B29">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EA0765201A1ADB79C065AE1842240257">
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<mods:date id="E3FAB2AFEED20B620C8376F54085CA4A">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="36D7E6CDB216D020C8AB69B620B11346" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DFC35EFF8E911139A5F9F2E1DABF14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5629743" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119623506" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5629743" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DFC35EFF8E911139A5F9F2E1DABF14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DFC35EFF8E911139A5F9F2E1DABF14" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="C36C21C3FF8E911639A5F9F2E1A6BE9C" box="[151,433,1651,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8E911639A5F9F2E1A6BE9C" bold="true" box="[151,433,1651,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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Family:
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8E91163832F9F2E1A6BE9C" ID-CoL="622LM" box="[256,433,1651,1677]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Centrolenidae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36C21C3FF8E911739A5F93CE3E4BEF6" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8E911639A5F93CE186BFF7" blockId="2.[151,1436,1725,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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Glassfrogs have a Neotropical distribution and are particularly diverse in the northern Andes. All centrolenids have a partial or complete ventral transparency, a dilated medial process on Metacarpal III, and deposit their eggs out of water (usually on the upper or under sides of leaves;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF8E91163A9FF88BE4D7BF35" author="Hayes" box="[941,1216,1802,1828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Hayes, M. P. & Starrett, P. H. (1980) Notes on a collection of Centrolenid Frogs from the Colombian Choco. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Science, 79, 89 - 96." type="journal article" year="1980">Hayes & Starrett 1980</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF8E91163DFFF88BE13CBF5A" author="Ruiz-Carranza" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" refString="Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. & Lynch, J. D. (1991) Ranas Centrolenidae de Colombia I. Propuesta de una nueva clasificacion generica. Lozania, 57, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1991">Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF8E9116380AF8B0E277BF5A" author="Guayasamin" box="[312,608,1841,1867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Trueb, L., Ayarzaguena, J., Rada, M. & Vila, C. (2009) Phylogenetic systematics of glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni. Zootaxa, 2100, 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="2009">
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Guayasamin
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<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8E911638E5F8B0E219BF5B" box="[471,526,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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). They are usually found at night on vegetation along streams when reproducing. Herein, we follow the taxonomy proposed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF8E91163A45F8D9E4A5BF63" box="[887,1202,1880,1906]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Trueb, L., Ayarzaguena, J., Rada, M. & Vila, C. (2009) Phylogenetic systematics of glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni. Zootaxa, 2100, 1 - 97." type="journal article">
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Guayasamin
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<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8E91163D2AF8D9E458BF60" box="[1048,1103,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
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. (2009)
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</bibRefCitation>
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that recognizes 12 genera and 147 species within
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8E91163B27F8FFE2D1BF89" box="[533,710,1918,1944]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Centrolenidae</taxonomicName>
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. In YBS, there are five identified (
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<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8E91163D45F8FEE2E9BFAF" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8E91163D45F8FEE564BF89" box="[1143,1395,1919,1944]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">Centrolene bacatum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8E91163CB2F8FEE0E8BFAF" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">C. buckleyi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8E9116383EF824E202BFAF" box="[268,533,1957,1982]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="posadae">Nymphargus posadae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8E91163B13F824E293BFAF" box="[545,644,1957,1982]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siren">N. siren</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8E91163BA3F824E2E9BFAF" box="[657,766,1957,1982]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wileyi">N. wileyi</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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) and two unidentified (
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8E91163D2DF824E4B3BFAF" box="[1055,1188,1957,1982]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8E91163D2DF824E4B3BFAF" box="[1055,1188,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Centrolene</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8E91163DEAF824E578BFAF" box="[1240,1391,1957,1982]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8E91163DEAF824E578BFAF" box="[1240,1391,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Cochranella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp) species of glassfrogs.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF0922C0FF8F911739A5FF16E59CB95D" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F911739A5FF16E59CB95D" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F911739A5FF16E11BB8BE" bold="true" box="[151,268,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
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Amphibian species found at Yanayacu Biological Station (0°36' S, 77°53' W). Elevation refers only to the distribution of species at Yanayacu Biological Station. Abundance refers to numbers of adult females, adult males, adults of unknown sex, juveniles/subadults, and animals of unknown stage and unknown sex, in this order. Family Species Elevation (m) Habitat Microhabitat Abundance Activity
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F911739ADFEB6E27BB95D" authority="Osornophryne 2300" authorityName="Osornophryne" authorityYear="2300" box="[159,620,311,333]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Bufonidae
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<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFEB9E1C3B95C" box="[329,468,312,333]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Osornophryne</emphasis>
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2300
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</taxonomicName>
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–2500 Primary forest Leaves, ferns 1/1/0/0/0 Nocturnal
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F9117387BFED4E1AFB97B" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,847]" box="[329,440,341,362]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFED4E1AFB97B" box="[329,440,341,362]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Osornophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guacamayo">
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<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFED4E1AFB97B" box="[329,440,341,362]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">guacamayo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F9117387BFEFCE59CB983" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,847]" box="[329,1419,381,402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFEFCE27BB983" box="[329,620,381,402]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifera">
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<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFEFCE235B983" box="[329,546,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Rhinella margaritifera</emphasis>
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2000
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</taxonomicName>
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–2200 Open pasture, Small ponds, ditches, 3/4/2/0/1 Nocturnal
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173BE0FE1BE493B9BE" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,847]" box="[722,1156,410,431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">disturbed habitat and pools in pasture</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F911739ADFE43E59CB9C6" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,847]" box="[159,1419,450,471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F911739ADFE43E131B9C6" box="[159,294,450,471]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Centrolenidae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFE43E27BB9C6" box="[329,620,450,471]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
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<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFE43E21DB9C6" box="[329,522,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Centrolene bacatum</emphasis>
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2000
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</taxonomicName>
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–2200 Primary forest and Leaves 1/9/0/0/0 Nocturnal
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173BE0FE5EE3BEB9E5" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,847]" box="[722,937,479,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">bamboo along streams</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F9117387BFD89E59CBA0D" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,847]" box="[329,1419,519,541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFD89E27BBA0D" box="[329,620,519,541]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
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<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFD89E21FBA0C" box="[329,520,520,541]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Centrolene buckleyi</emphasis>
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2000
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</taxonomicName>
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–2200 Primary forest along Leaves 0/2/0/0/1 Nocturnal
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173BE0FDA4E30CBA2B" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,847]" box="[722,795,549,570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">streams</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F9117387BFDCCE59CBA73" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,847]" box="[329,1419,589,610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFDCCE1F7BA73" box="[329,480,589,610]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFDCCE1A4BA73" box="[329,435,589,610]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Centrolene</taxonomicName>
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sp 1
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</emphasis>
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2100 Primary forest along Leaves 0/3/0/0/0 Nocturnal
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173BE0FDEBE30CBA6E" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,847]" box="[722,795,618,639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">streams</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F9117387BFD13E59CBAB6" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,847]" box="[329,1419,658,679]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFD13E1F9BAB6" box="[329,494,658,679]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFD13E1D6BAB6" box="[329,449,658,679]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochranella</taxonomicName>
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sp 1
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</emphasis>
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2100 Primary forest along Leaves 1/0/0/0/0 Nocturnal
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173BE0FD2EE30CBAD5" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,847]" box="[722,795,687,708]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">streams</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F9117387BFD59E59CBAFD" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,847]" box="[329,1419,727,749]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFD59E27BBAFD" box="[329,620,727,749]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="posadae">
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<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFD59E20FBAFC" box="[329,536,728,749]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Nymphargus posadae</emphasis>
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2000
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</taxonomicName>
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–2200 Primary forest along Ferns, leaves 1/3/0/0/0 Nocturnal
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173BE0FD74E30CBB1B" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,847]" box="[722,795,757,778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">streams</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F9117387BFC9CE59CBB23" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,847]" box="[329,1419,797,818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFC9CE27BBB23" box="[329,620,797,818]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siren">
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<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFC9CE1E0BB23" box="[329,503,797,818]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Nymphargus siren</emphasis>
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2100
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
Primary forest along Leaves 0/2/0/0/0 Nocturnal
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173BE0FCBBE30CBB5E" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,847]" box="[722,795,826,847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">streams</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F9117387BFCE3E59CBC0E" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<table id="F97680E8FF8F6EEB39A5FCE3E58BBC2D" box="[151,1436,866,1084]" gridcols="7" gridrows="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF8F6EEB39A5FCE3E58BBB85" box="[151,1436,866,916]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFCE3E27BBB66" box="[329,620,866,887]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wileyi">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF8F6EEB387BFCE3E202BB85" box="[329,533,866,916]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFCE3E216BB66" box="[329,513,866,887]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Nymphargus wileyi</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76971976FF8F6EEB3B0EFCE3E2BFBB85" box="[572,680,866,916]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2000–2200</th>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<th id="76971976FF8F6EEB3BE0FCE3E3B9BB85" box="[722,942,866,916]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Primary forest along streams</th>
|
||
<th id="76971976FF8F6EEB3AF6FCE3E498BB85" box="[964,1167,866,916]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Leaves, ferns</th>
|
||
<th id="76971976FF8F6EEB3D9BFCE3E500BB85" box="[1193,1303,866,916]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">1/5/0/0/0</th>
|
||
<th id="76971976FF8F6EEB3C19FCE3E58BBB85" box="[1323,1436,866,916]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Nocturnal</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF8F6EEB39A5FC26E58BBBE6" box="[151,1436,935,1015]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF8F6EEB39A5FC26E122BBE6" box="[151,309,935,1015]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F911739ADFC26E13BBBAD" box="[159,300,935,956]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dendrobatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFC29E27BBBAD" box="[329,620,935,957]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Hyloxalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchellus">
|
||
<td id="76971976FF8F6EEB387BFC26E202BBE6" box="[329,533,935,1015]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFC29E204BBAC" box="[329,531,936,957]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Hyloxalus pulchellus</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF8F6EEB3B0EFC26E2BFBBE6" box="[572,680,935,1015]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2000–2200</td>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF8F6EEB3BE0FC26E3B9BBE6" box="[722,942,935,1015]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Primary and secondary forest</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF8F6EEB3AF6FC26E498BBE6" box="[964,1167,935,1015]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Forest floor and leaf litter; often hidden in dense vegetation</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF8F6EEB3D9BFC26E500BBE6" box="[1193,1303,935,1015]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">0/2/1/1/3</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF8F6EEB3C19FC26E58BBBE6" box="[1323,1436,935,1015]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Diurnal</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3546700AFF8F6EEB39A5FB8BE58BBC2D" box="[151,1436,1034,1084]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<th id="76971976FF8F6EEB39A5FB8BE122BC2D" box="[151,309,1034,1084]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F911739ADFB8BE122BC0E" box="[159,309,1034,1055]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Strabomantidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFB8BE27BBC0E" box="[329,620,1034,1055]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<td id="76971976FF8F6EEB387BFB8BE202BC2D" box="[329,533,1034,1084]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFB8BE202BC0E" box="[329,533,1034,1055]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF8F6EEB3B0EFB8BE2BFBC2D" box="[572,680,1034,1084]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2100–2300</td>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF8F6EEB3BE0FB8BE3B9BC2D" box="[722,942,1034,1084]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Primary and secondary forest</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF8F6EEB3AF6FB8BE498BC2D" box="[964,1167,1034,1084]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Low vegetation, forest floor</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF8F6EEB3D9BFB8BE500BC2D" box="[1193,1303,1034,1084]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">33/32/0/24/ 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76971976FF8F6EEB3C19FB8BE58BBC2D" box="[1323,1436,1034,1084]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Nocturnal</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F9117387BFBD1E59CBC75" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[329,1419,1103,1125]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFBD1E27BBC75" box="[329,620,1103,1125]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eriphus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFBD1E21BBC74" box="[329,524,1104,1125]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Pristimantis eriphus</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–2300 Primary and secondary Leaves, ferns, 10/
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF8F91173DFAFBCEE513BC75" box="[1224,1284,1103,1124]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" value="1914-09-03">3/9/14</date>
|
||
/ Nocturnal
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173BE0FBECE4D6BC93" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[722,1217,1133,1154]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">forest bromeliads 27</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F9117387BFB14E59CBCBB" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[329,1419,1173,1194]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFB14E27BBCBB" box="[329,620,1173,1194]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eriphus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFB14E23EBCBB" box="[329,553,1173,1194]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Pristimantis cf. eriphus</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–2200 Primary and secondary Leaves 0/1/1/0/1 Nocturnal
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173BE0FB33E31FBCD6" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[722,776,1202,1223]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">forest</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F9117387BFB5BE59CBCFE" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[329,1419,1242,1263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFB5BE27BBCFE" box="[329,620,1242,1263]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inusitatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFB5BE236BCFE" box="[329,545,1242,1263]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Pristimantis inusitatus</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–2200 Primary and secondary Leaves, ferns 10/7/
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF8F91173DE8FB5BE500BCFE" box="[1242,1303,1242,1263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" value="1914-02-02">2/2/14</date>
|
||
Nocturnal
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173BE0FB76E31FBD1D" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[722,776,1271,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">forest</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F9117387BFAA1E59CBD25" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[329,1419,1311,1333]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFAA1E27BBD25" box="[329,620,1311,1333]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gladiator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFAA1E20ABD24" box="[329,541,1312,1333]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Pristimantis gladiator</emphasis>
|
||
2270
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–2500 Primary forest Low vegetation, 0/0/0/0/2 Nocturnal
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173AF6FABCE427BD43" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[964,1072,1341,1362]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">forest floor</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F9117387BFAE4E59CBD6B" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[329,1419,1381,1402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFAE4E27BBD6B" box="[329,620,1381,1402]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFAE4E20EBD6B" box="[329,537,1381,1402]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Pristimantis leucopus</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–2200 Primary forest High leaves above 1/2/0/0/0 Nocturnal
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173AF6FA03E41ABD86" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[964,1037,1410,1431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">streams</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F9117387BFA2BE59CBDAE" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[329,1419,1450,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFA2BE27BBDAE" box="[329,620,1450,1471]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFA2BE235BDAE" box="[329,546,1450,1471]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Pristimantis cf. petersi</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–2200 Primary forest Leaves and low 7/
|
||
<date id="FFC85488FF8F91173D8EFA2BE4EEBDAE" box="[1212,1273,1450,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" value="1949-09-06">6/9/49</date>
|
||
/27 Nocturnal
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173AF6FA46E43FBDCD" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[964,1064,1479,1500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">vegetation</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F9117387BFA71E59CBE15" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[329,1419,1519,1541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BFA71E27BBE15" box="[329,620,1519,1541]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="w-nigrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BFA71E236BE14" box="[329,545,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Pristimantis w-nigrum</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–2200 Pasture, forest edge, Hidden in grass in 0/7/3/7/8 Nocturnal
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173BE0F98CE498BE33" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[722,1167,1549,1570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">secondary and primary pastures, forest floor,</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173BE0F9ABE445BE2E" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[722,1106,1578,1599]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">forest low vegetation</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F9117387BF9D3E59EBE9E" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BF9D3E1FCBE76" box="[329,491,1618,1639]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BF9D3E1A8BE76" box="[329,447,1618,1639]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pristimantis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp 1
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
2000–2200 Primary forest Low vegetation 0/0/0/36/0 Nocturnal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F911739ADF9FBE11CBE9E" box="[159,267,1658,1679]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Caeciliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F9117387BF9FBE27BBE9E" box="[329,620,1658,1679]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Caecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F9117387BF9FBE1EBBE9E" box="[329,508,1658,1679]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Caecilia orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
2100
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pasture and secondary Fossorial, under 1/3/0/1/2 Unknown
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173BE0F916E49BBEBD" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[722,1164,1687,1708]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">forest rotten logs, comes to</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173AF6F934E468BEDB" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[964,1151,1717,1738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">surface during hard</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F91173AF6F953E3E4BEF6" blockId="3.[159,1419,1103,1767]" box="[964,1011,1746,1767]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">rains</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C21C3FF8F911039F4F8B0E522BE6D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF8F911039F4F8B0E596B95D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1841,2022]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,332]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F911739F4F8B0E1ACBF5A" ID-CoL="S9XR" box="[198,443,1841,1867]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F911739F4F8B0E1ACBF5A" bold="true" box="[198,443,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Centrolene bacatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Plate 1). Described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF8F91173BEEF8B0E378BF5A" author="Wild" box="[732,879,1841,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refString="Wild, E. R. (1994) Two new species of centrolenid frogs from the Amazonian slope of the Cordillera-Oriental, Ecuador. Journal of Herpetology, 28, 299 - 310." type="journal article" year="1994">Wild (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This species is easily distinguished from other amphibians in YBS by having a green dorsal coloration with few white tubercles, some of which form a line that extends from below the eye to the insertion of the arm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF8F91173A45F8FFE3EBBF89" author="Wild" box="[887,1020,1918,1944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" refString="Wild, E. R. (1994) Two new species of centrolenid frogs from the Amazonian slope of the Cordillera-Oriental, Ecuador. Journal of Herpetology, 28, 299 - 310." type="journal article" year="1994">Wild 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF8F91173D38F8FFE528BF89" author="Guayasamin" box="[1034,1343,1918,1944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Bustamante, M. R., Almeida-Reinoso, D. & Funk, W. C. (2006 a) Glass frogs (Centrolenidae) of Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with the description of a new species and comments on centrolenid systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 147, 489 - 513." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F91173D9BF8FEE4F0BF89" box="[1193,1255,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36132D8FF8F91173C66F8FFE562BF89" box="[1364,1397,1918,1944]" name="American Samoa" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
all species included in the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F911738CBF824E304BFAF" box="[505,787,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F911738CBF824E269BFAF" ID-CoL="3K9H" box="[505,638,1957,1982]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Centrolene</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F91173BB8F824E304BFAF" ID-CoL="S9XR" box="[650,787,1957,1982]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">C. bacatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a venter that is posteriorly translucent. Also, adult males of this species have a humeral spine (absent in all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F91173A7FF84DE3F1BFF4" ID-CoL="663Y" box="[845,998,1996,2021]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F91173A7FF84DE3F1BFF4" box="[845,998,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Nymphargus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8F91173D9FF84DE57FBFF4" ID-CoL="486JK" box="[1197,1384,1996,2021]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandisonae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8F91173D9FF84DE57FBFF4" box="[1197,1384,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">N. grandisonae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some individual in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF889110384AFF19E1E8B8A0" ID-CoL="486JL" box="[376,511,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF889110384AFF19E1E8B8A0" box="[376,511,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">N. griffithsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both species found on the western slope of the Andes).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8891103DA6FF19E596B8A0" ID-CoL="S9XR" box="[1172,1409,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103DA6FF19E596B8A0" box="[1172,1409,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Centrolene bacatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF889110381DFF3EE1A4B8C9" ID-CoL="69HTJ" box="[303,435,191,216]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF889110381DFF3EE1A4B8C9" box="[303,435,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF88911038F3FF3FE278B8C9" box="[449,623,190,216]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" metricValueMax="3.05" metricValueMin="2.53" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="27.9" valueMax="30.5" valueMin="25.3">25.3–30.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103BB2FF3EE298B8C9" box="[640,655,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 23) in adult males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8891103A98FF3EE438B8C9" ID-CoL="69HTJ" box="[938,1071,191,216]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103A98FF3EE438B8C9" box="[938,1071,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. In YBS, SVL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8891103C26FF3EE58BB8C9" ID-CoL="S9XR" box="[1300,1436,191,216]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103C26FF3EE58BB8C9" box="[1300,1436,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">C. bacatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF88911039DCFF64E188B8EE" box="[238,415,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.055" metricValueMax="2.18" metricValueMin="1.93" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="20.55" valueMax="21.8" valueMin="19.3">19.3–21.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103883FF64E1D7B8EF" box="[433,448,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 11); SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF8891103B44FF64E2F5B8EE" box="[630,738,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="20.4">20.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in one adult female. Active, calling males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8891103C24FF64E0E8B934" ID-CoL="S9XR" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103C24FF64E0E8B934" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Centrolene bacatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are frequently heard in YBS during the night; however, they usually call from areas close to the canopy; females deposit the egg masses on the upper and undersides of leaves, in vegetation along streams.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0922C0FF88911039A5FA29E53DBDD1" box="[151,1322,1448,1472]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190061/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[379,1206,393,1418]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF88911039A5FA29E53DBDD1" blockId="4.[151,1322,1448,1472]" box="[151,1322,1448,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF88911039A5FA29E105BDD1" bold="true" box="[151,274,1448,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103812FA29E152BDD1" bold="true" box="[288,325,1448,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">(A)</emphasis>
|
||
Head,
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF88911038A3FA29E1A3BDD1" bold="true" box="[401,436,1448,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">(B)</emphasis>
|
||
hand, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103B1BFA29E259BDD1" bold="true" box="[553,590,1448,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">(C)</emphasis>
|
||
foot of
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103B96FA28E399BDD1" box="[676,910,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8891103B96FA28E39DBDD1" box="[676,906,1449,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">Pristimantis bicantus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype, adult female, QCAZ 19024.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF88911039F4FA6FE522BE6D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1518,2008]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF88911039F4FA6FE1ACBE19" ID-CoL="69HTJ" box="[198,443,1518,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF88911039F4FA6FE1ACBE19" bold="true" box="[198,443,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Centrolene buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Plate 1).
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103B02FA6FE259BE16" box="[560,590,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">—</emphasis>
|
||
Described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF8891103BC5FA6FE3DABE19" author="Boulenger" box="[759,973,1518,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="58" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1882) Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, 495 pp." type="book" year="1882">Boulenger (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Among the glassfrogs found at YBS,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF88911039A5F994E196BE3F" ID-CoL="69HTJ" box="[151,385,1557,1582]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF88911039A5F994E196BE3F" box="[151,385,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Centrolene buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguished by having green dorsal surfaces sharply demarcated laterally from white lower flanks, a humeral spine (in males), white upper lip, a moderate adult size (SVL in males
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF8891103C6BF9BAE115BE6D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" metricValueMax="3.05" metricValueMin="2.53" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="27.9" valueMax="30.5" valueMin="25.3">25.3– 30.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; in females
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF88911038BDF9E3E22BBE6D" box="[399,572,1634,1660]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.21" metricValueMax="3.44" metricValueMin="2.98" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="32.1" valueMax="34.4" valueMin="29.8">29.8–34.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and a sloping snout in lateral profile (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF8891103ACDF9E3E53EBE6D" author="Guayasamin" box="[1023,1321,1634,1660]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Bustamante, M. R., Almeida-Reinoso, D. & Funk, W. C. (2006 a) Glass frogs (Centrolenidae) of Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with the description of a new species and comments on centrolenid systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 147, 489 - 513." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103DA9F9E3E4C2BE6A" box="[1179,1237,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C21C3FF88911039F4F908E565BED8" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF88911039F4F908E565BED8" blockId="4.[151,1437,1518,2008]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF88911039F4F908E121BEB3" box="[198,310,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Genetic analyzes suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8891103B9CF908E38EBEB3" box="[686,921,1673,1698]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103B9CF908E38EBEB3" box="[686,921,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Centrolene buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents a species complex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF8891103C35F908E10FBED8" author="Guayasamin" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Ayarzaguena, J., Trueb, L. & Vila, C. (2008) Phylogenetic relationships of glassfrogs (Centrolenidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48, 574 - 595." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF88911039A5F931E0C6BED8" box="[151,209,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a hypothesis that needs further examination with a dense sampling in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36132D8FF8891103D6EF92EE4A9BED8" box="[1116,1214,1711,1737]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36132D8FF8891103DC4F92EE57ABED8" box="[1270,1389,1711,1737]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C21C3FF88911139F4F957E3C8B95E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF88911139F4F957E3C8B95E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1518,2008]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,152,412]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF88911039F4F957E1C7BEE1" ID-CoL="486K3" box="[198,464,1750,1776]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="posadae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF88911039F4F957E1C7BEE1" bold="true" box="[198,464,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Nymphargus posadae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Plate 2).
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103B77F957E274BEFE" box="[581,611,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">—</emphasis>
|
||
Described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF8891103A3CF957E488BEE1" author="Ruiz-Carranza" box="[782,1183,1750,1776]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" refString="Ruiz-Carranza, P. M., & Lynch, J. D. (1995) Ranas Centrolenidae de Colombia V: cuatro nuevas especies de Cochranella de la Cordillera Central. Lozania, 62, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1995">Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This species can be differentiated from other glassfrogs by lacking webbing between fingers, lacking humeral spines, having a green dorsum with small greenish-white warts, and by having a white upper lip, and a white line on the ventrolateral border of arm, Finger IV, tarsus and Toe V (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF8891103A0CF8CBE47BBF75" author="Guayasamin" box="[830,1132,1866,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Bustamante, M. R., Almeida-Reinoso, D. & Funk, W. C. (2006 a) Glass frogs (Centrolenidae) of Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with the description of a new species and comments on centrolenid systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 147, 489 - 513." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103AEEF8CBE40FBF72" box="[988,1048,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8891103DB3F8CBE597BF72" ID-CoL="486K3" box="[1153,1408,1866,1891]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="posadae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103DB3F8CBE597BF72" box="[1153,1408,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Nymphargus posadae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF889110384EF8F0E270BF9B" ID-CoL="69HTJ" box="[380,615,1905,1930]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF889110384EF8F0E270BF9B" box="[380,615,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Centrolene buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8891103B93F8F0E33EBF9B" ID-CoL="S9XR" box="[673,809,1905,1930]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103B93F8F0E33EBF9B" box="[673,809,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">C. bacatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly by lacking humeral spines, which are present in the adult males of the two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF88911038C7F819E26FBFA0" ID-CoL="3K9H" box="[501,632,1944,1969]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF88911038C7F819E26FBFA0" box="[501,632,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Centrolene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8891103A1FF819E3A4BFA0" ID-CoL="486K3" box="[813,947,1944,1969]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="posadae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103A1FF819E3A4BFA0" box="[813,947,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">N. posadae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks webbing between fingers, whereas there is some webbing between the two externalmost fingers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8891103A4FF83FE414BFC6" ID-CoL="S9XR" box="[893,1027,1982,2007]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103A4FF83FE414BFC6" box="[893,1027,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">C. bacatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8891103D09F83FE4A9BFC6" ID-CoL="69HTJ" box="[1083,1214,1982,2007]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8891103D09F83FE4A9BFC6" box="[1083,1214,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At YBS, there are two additional glassfrogs that belong to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8991113A37FF19E388B8A0" ID-CoL="663Y" box="[773,927,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113A37FF19E388B8A0" box="[773,927,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Nymphargus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8991113ADAFF19E45EB8A0" ID-CoL="486K8" box="[1000,1097,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siren">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113ADAFF19E45EB8A0" box="[1000,1097,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">N. siren</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8991113DB4FF19E4E4B8A0" ID-CoL="486KD" box="[1158,1267,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wileyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113DB4FF19E4E4B8A0" box="[1158,1267,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">N. wileyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). These three species share the absence of webbing between fingers.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8991113A1BFF3EE416B8C9" ID-CoL="486K8" box="[809,1025,191,216]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siren">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113A1BFF3EE416B8C9" box="[809,1025,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Nymphargus siren</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the other two species (and any other amphibian in YBS) by presenting small yellow spots on the dorsum, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8991113DDFFF64E540B8EF" ID-CoL="486KD" box="[1261,1367,229,254]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wileyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113DDFFF64E540B8EF" box="[1261,1367,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">N. wileyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a uniform green dorsum (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF89911138FEFE8DE247B934" ID-CoL="486K3" box="[460,592,268,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="posadae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF89911138FEFE8DE247B934" box="[460,592,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">N. posadae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, green dorsum with small greenish-white warts). SVL in males is
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF8991113C68FE8DE0E8B95E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2399999999999998" metricValueMax="3.41" metricValueMin="3.07" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="32.4" valueMax="34.1" valueMin="30.7">30.7– 34.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113826FEB8E135B945" box="[276,290,313,340]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 32.3,
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF89911138BAFEB4E180B95F" box="[392,407,309,334]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); in females
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF8991113B6CFEB4E31EB95E" box="[606,777,309,335]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.175" metricValueMax="3.3299999999999996" metricValueMin="3.02" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="31.75" valueMax="33.3" valueMin="30.2">30.2–33.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113A2FFEB8E33CB945" box="[797,811,313,340]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 31.4,
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113AA0FEB4E3B6B95F" box="[914,929,309,334]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C21C3FF89911139F4FEDDE4D6BE77" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF89911139F4FEDDE58BB98D" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,412]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF89911139F4FEDDE121B964" box="[198,310,348,373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8991113899FEDDE2BEB964" box="[427,681,348,373]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="posadae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113899FEDDE2BEB964" box="[427,681,348,373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Nymphargus posadae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in YBS are smaller (SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF8991113D57FEDAE505B964" box="[1125,1298,347,373]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.13" metricValueMax="3.19" metricValueMin="3.07" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="31.299999999999997" valueMax="31.9" valueMin="30.7">30.7–31.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113C2FFEDDE53BB964" box="[1309,1324,348,373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3) than Colombian specimens (SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF89911138CDFE03E2BBB98D" box="[511,684,386,412]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.34" metricValueMax="3.41" metricValueMin="3.27" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="33.4" valueMax="34.1" valueMin="32.7">32.7–34.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113B85FE03E2D1B98A" box="[695,710,386,411]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF8991113A33FE03E449B98D" author="Ruiz-Carranza" box="[769,1118,386,412]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refString="Ruiz-Carranza, P. M., & Lynch, J. D. (1995) Ranas Centrolenidae de Colombia V: cuatro nuevas especies de Cochranella de la Cordillera Central. Lozania, 62, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1995">Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF8991113D5BFE03E587B98D" author="Guayasamin" box="[1129,1424,386,412]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Bustamante, M. R., Almeida-Reinoso, D. & Funk, W. C. (2006 a) Glass frogs (Centrolenidae) of Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with the description of a new species and comments on centrolenid systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 147, 489 - 513." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113C31FE03E52AB98A" box="[1283,1341,386,411]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0922C0FF89911139A5FAEFE52EBDB8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190062/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[415,1171,470,1362]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF89911139A5FAEFE52EBDB8" blockId="5.[151,1437,1390,1450]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF89911139A5FAEFE10EBD97" bold="true" box="[151,281,1390,1414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal and ventral color variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8991113BE7FAEEE3DFBD97" box="[725,968,1391,1414]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicantus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113BE7FAEEE3DFBD97" box="[725,968,1391,1414]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Pristimantis bicantus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in ethanol.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113D60FAEFE48CBD97" bold="true" box="[1106,1179,1390,1414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">(A, E)</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ 19024 (female holotype);
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113839FA13E139BDBB" bold="true" box="[267,302,1426,1450]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">(B)</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ 16186, adult female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113B55FA13E29BBDBB" bold="true" box="[615,652,1426,1450]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">(C)</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ 18988, adult female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113AF6FA13E410BDBB" bold="true" box="[964,1031,1426,1450]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">(D, F)</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ 16201, adult female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF89911139F4FA56E4D6BE77" blockId="5.[151,1437,1495,1802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF89911139F4FA56E1BFBDE0" box="[198,424,1495,1521]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siren">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF89911139F4FA56E1BFBDE0" bold="true" box="[198,424,1495,1521]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Nymphargus siren</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Plate 2).
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113B2EFA59E22DBDE0" box="[540,570,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">—</emphasis>
|
||
Described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF8991113BD0FA59E42FBDE3" author="Lynch" box="[738,1080,1496,1522]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refString="Lynch, J. D., & Duellman, W. E. (1973) A review of the centrolenid frogs of Ecuador, with descriptions of new species. The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Occasional Papers, 16, 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1973">Lynch and Duellman (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In YBS, this glassfrog is the only amphibian that has a green dorsum with small yellow spots. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8991113D4CFA7EE4F7BE09" box="[1150,1248,1535,1560]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siren">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113D4CFA7EE4F7BE09" box="[1150,1248,1535,1560]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">N. siren</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks webbing between fingers, lacks humeral spines, and is relatively small (SVL <22.0 mm).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8991113D65F9A4E539BE2F" box="[1111,1326,1573,1598]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siren">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113D65F9A4E539BE2F" box="[1111,1326,1573,1598]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Nymphargus siren</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be a rare species in YBS; only two males have been found during the two years of surveys.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C21C3FF89911139F4F9F3E1DABF14" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC97248FF89911139F4F9F3E1DABF14" blockId="5.[151,1437,1495,1802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF89911139F4F9F3E1A7BE9D" box="[198,432,1650,1676]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wileyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF89911139F4F9F3E1A7BE9D" bold="true" box="[198,432,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Nymphargus wileyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Plate 2).
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113B2DF9F2E22ABE9D" box="[543,573,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">—</emphasis>
|
||
Described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE70FB9FF8991113BD2F9F3E40DBE9D" box="[736,1050,1650,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Guayasamin, J. M., Bustamante, M. R., Almeida-Reinoso, D. & Funk, W. C. (2006 a) Glass frogs (Centrolenidae) of Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with the description of a new species and comments on centrolenid systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 147, 489 - 513." type="journal article">
|
||
Guayasamin
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113A48F9F2E3A2BE9D" box="[890,949,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7609CBFF8991113D14F9F2E51FBE9D" box="[1062,1288,1651,1676]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wileyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113D14F9F2E51FBE9D" box="[1062,1288,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Nymphargus wileyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from other Glassfrogs by having a uniform green dorsum, white renal peritoneum, and by lacking membranes between Fingers III and IV. In adult males, SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF8991113BD1F943E387BECD" box="[739,912,1730,1756]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.495" metricValueMax="2.65" metricValueMin="2.34" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="24.95" valueMax="26.5" valueMin="23.4">23.4–26.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113A95F947E3A2BEF0" box="[935,949,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 24.6;
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113D12F942E45CBECD" box="[1056,1099,1731,1756]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">n =</emphasis>
|
||
11);
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EDFADFF8991113DB9F943E52FBECD" box="[1163,1336,1730,1756]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" metricValueMax="2.81" metricValueMin="2.51" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="26.6" valueMax="28.1" valueMin="25.1">25.1–28.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in adult females (
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF8991113835F96EE102BF1B" box="[263,277,1775,1802]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 26.3;
|
||
<emphasis id="B902AE5AFF899111384EF96DE1B1BF14" box="[380,422,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">n =</emphasis>
|
||
4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |