plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/DE/87/03DE87BD9F25FF802780FB2489EEFD53.xml

260 lines
40 KiB
XML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="B5F3B7FAD25E409F3D6EF3A876E17091" ID-CLB-Dataset="301730" ID-DOI="10.1038/s42003-024-06678-5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3e99e2df-809d-47c6-8ba5-a70eb51915ac" ID-PMC="PMC11336256" ID-PubMed="39164382" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13375182" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1724676213308" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Montagna, Matteo, Magoga, Giulia, Stockar, Rudolf &amp; Magnani, Fabio" docDate="2024" docId="03DE87BD9F25FF802780FB2489EEFD53" docLanguage="en" docName="CommunBiol.7.1-10.pdf" docOrigin="Communications biology 7 (1), No. 1023" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06678-5" docTitle="Magnicapitixyela dilettae Montagna, Magoga, Stockar &amp; Magnani, 2024, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FFE7FFC59F26FF842717FF808C50FFEB" masterDocTitle="The contribution of the Middle Triassic fossil assemblage of Monte San Giorgio to insect evolution." masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1724677567380" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
<mods:mods id="0323C188C4412C23190B5573F940DF4F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="6E73972E3089095E8C46C1F5CEF12D5B">
<mods:title id="89C1FAC26AEE10A70D17D0CA1FCB65A5">The contribution of the Middle Triassic fossil assemblage of Monte San Giorgio to insect evolution.</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B2B0ED10AB956C465110EE92CC5FDA75" type="personal">
<mods:role id="71E14F8DFE7E74163BA2A93493DEE2ED">
<mods:roleTerm id="666024DC93547366B186FF8C7F36892D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6D26C63F0BCEA72DCE55214591C05ECD">Montagna, Matteo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="01015B252D2E0BEBC9A636ACAA1BEAAE">Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy &amp; Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="632F7F79A79863DA71481BC37027C85F" type="email">matteo.montagna@unina.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F9824C687C4E973E7E6074E2272C9E7C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="72E1E6B3EA0831EF337F26A83DA686E2">
<mods:roleTerm id="AF6E4CD3ACF14A82A211061B7E43608B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1DB65E7BCE05909CAD9C8918D803C875">Magoga, Giulia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3AA0FE3F33DB995863BC5A96CD9923E6">Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2612BD6CA513C1C887DDF949BE693BEA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CA78B95DF2F02901420AF2A565CE66EA">
<mods:roleTerm id="E99C30D390DF5438B862DF611F8522A9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7D93DF1AF3EE08D3FB0A01E3BA5B4E16">Stockar, Rudolf</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="40955A0DB36EC98D12A84A47E48AE7AF">Museo cantonale di storia naturale, Lugano, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="DB0C87368A4F2CFA31B98EE0875E5271" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2B3BBB9B06ECF5140159FB69BA0AA894">
<mods:roleTerm id="5639410AED4C6899C24C14424DCF907E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D62CCADD0E23F06C83582E7457C85DB6">Magnani, Fabio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="85F6DB8C9B056435FE42E855871E04CB">Museo cantonale di storia naturale, Lugano, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="BECD3B94CE98C2FCC50C0203885C8E67">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="F868697D15CC4D784930F017312B430E" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="00B65A08C5461945EEFCA640B1C1BE3C">
<mods:title id="CC52F6D2CC993D4ACF5C62AF93AA74DE">Communications biology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="152388EEC6FFA8FB02A1B678DFD10068">
<mods:date id="78DFA44D3F9991394F18A25D5FE7ACF4">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="8D6237F4FD771F03DE8762A491915E30" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="6CFF1E4BB1EBB53B2DDF6FE18BEEDC0B">2024-08-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9152E81371EAB433C2AD4DEACA73FD6C" type="volume">
<mods:number id="6F38A3C8F9781ABD5236FD4E8A1BF450">7</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="2ADB1282D669C5F6EE27470928743428" type="issue">
<mods:number id="E70E12933DF35A0E7B57A556BE080862">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="A76B076F7ED10FB92F083FC4001DF64E" type="numero">
<mods:number id="78DBADB9B802BB160F974C0B4FE372EF">1023</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="9880195DBA5D62307D912835BF6D4A64" unit="page">
<mods:start id="9D399326C181A2689A98AE13BF2853DE">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="3C28AA3EFEE2F56FFB9C932118A0B26B">10</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="1CED1573C7F09FA17439234BD5BEF00A">
<mods:url id="5693EF4196AAB2D9F1564833B5E2B5BF">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06678-5</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="9A516EF0F2031A24494E99E7DC76C09F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C59F8050C1FB13DEA037293676E1F91C" type="CLB-Dataset">301730</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="914882DB8955D9207F1BCF0031F43EFA" type="DOI">10.1038/s42003-024-06678-5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="576D08477D3A729005380F3D794391AE" type="GBIF-Dataset">3e99e2df-809d-47c6-8ba5-a70eb51915ac</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="76B1A1D37943E3F2AA900995A4F4BA27" type="PMC">PMC11336256</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="ACF6AADA5CB4E90FE35E84BF6D008032" type="PubMed">39164382</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E065867473E377D5944EDD0532F7C2F4" type="Zenodo-Dep">13375182</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03DE87BD9F25FF802780FB2489EEFD53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13375188" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13375188" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE87BD9F25FF802780FB2489EEFD53" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE87BD9F25FF802780FB2489EEFD53" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="C36D65209F25FF872780FB248EE9FB52" box="[151,697,1188,1210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC836AB9F25FF872780FB248EE9FB52" blockId="3.[106,787,132,1982]" box="[151,697,1188,1210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D289F25FF872780FB248D2BFB52" authorityName="Montagna &amp; Magoga &amp; Stockar &amp; Magnani" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,379,1188,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Magnicapitixyela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilettae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F25FF872780FB248D2BFB52" box="[151,379,1188,1209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Magnicapitixyela dilettae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057C29F25FF872696FB258DE3FB51" box="[385,435,1189,1210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Montagna M. &amp; Magoga G.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D65209F25FF872780FB418D3CFB18" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC836AB9F25FF872780FB418D3CFB18" blockId="3.[106,787,132,1982]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Code Zoobank: LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0C78D2B1-A392- 49A6-8C92-FE606E044476.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D65209F25FF872780FB7A8E9CFAC6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC836AB9F25FF872780FB7A8E9CFAC6" blockId="3.[106,787,132,1982]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Etymology: Specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C774D289F25FF872686FB7A8D83FAE4" authorityName="Montagna &amp; Magoga &amp; Stockar &amp; Magnani" authorityYear="2024" box="[401,467,1274,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Magnicapitixyela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilettae">
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F25FF872686FB7A8D83FAE4" box="[401,467,1274,1295]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">dilettae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is derived from the prosoponym of the first author daughter Diletta, to whom the species is dedicated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D65209F25FF872780FAB38F5FF9C5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC836AB9F25FF872780FAB38E83FA69" blockId="3.[106,787,132,1982]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Material:
<taxonomicName id="4C774D289F25FF8727F8FAB48D00FAA3" authorityName="Montagna &amp; Magoga &amp; Stockar &amp; Magnani" authorityYear="2024" box="[239,336,1331,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Xyelidae" genus="Magnicapitixyela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilettae">
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F25FF8727F8FAB48D00FAA3" box="[239,336,1331,1353]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. dilettae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CF69F25FF87264CFAB38D18FA8D" collectionCode="MCSN" country="Switzerland" latitude="45.890556" location="Val Mara near Meride" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="8.946944" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCode="MCSN 8678" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Upper Kalkschieferzone member of Meride Limestone Formation" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54CC88099F25FF87264CFAB38DFBFAA2" box="[347,427,1331,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="DBD19ED09F25FF8726A7FAB38E74FAA2" box="[432,548,1331,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MCSN 8678</specimenCode>
, an almost complete
<specimenCount id="9D71FD229F25FF8725F2FAB38F42FAA2" box="[741,786,1331,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="male">male</specimenCount>
specimen (
<figureCitation id="134C2A2E9F25FF8727D9FAD08D65FA8D" box="[206,309,1360,1382]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[106,135,1700,1719]" captionTargetBox="[245,1359,887,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-203@2.[241,1361,885,1677]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3 | Representatives of holometabolous insects. A Magnicapitixyela dilettae (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae), MCSN 8678. B Merithone laetitiae (Neuropterida, †Permithonidae), MCSN 8679 (19). Coleoptera: MCSN 8691, Archostemata (C); MCSN 8692, Archostemata (D); MCSN 8681, Adephaga (E); MCSN 8693, Polyphaga (F). Scale bars: A–D, 1 mm; E, F 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13375195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13375195/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 3A, S</figureCitation>
7)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CF69F25FF872644FAD08E83FA69" collectionCode="MCSN" country="Switzerland" latitude="45.890556" location="Val Mara near Meride" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="8.946944" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCode="MCSN 8683" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Upper Kalkschieferzone member of Meride Limestone Formation" typeStatus="paratype">
and
<typeStatus id="54CC88099F25FF87266AFAD08D9DFA8E" box="[381,461,1360,1381]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="DBD19ED09F25FF8726C3FAD08E1AFA8D" box="[468,586,1360,1382]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MCSN 8683</specimenCode>
, a partially preserved phosphatized
<specimenCount id="9D71FD229F25FF8727FDFAEC8D77FA69" box="[234,295,1388,1410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">female</specimenCount>
specimen (Fig. S8); both fossils in dorsal view.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836AB9F25FF872780FA098D18FA33" blockId="3.[106,787,132,1982]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Type horizon:
<collectingRegion id="49B3F8499F25FF872609FA098C9CFA50" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Upper Kalkschieferzone member of Meride Limestone Formation</collectingRegion>
(transition interval to Archelaus and Regoledanus Ammonoid Zones; upper Ladinian).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836AB9F25FF872780FA5F8DBEF9FA" blockId="3.[106,787,132,1982]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Type locality: VM12 site (
<geoCoordinate id="EE43506C9F25FF872699FA5E8E53FA1F" box="[398,515,1502,1524]" degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="26" value="45.890556">45°53’26” N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE43506C9F25FF872518FA5E8E25FA1E" box="[527,629,1502,1525]" degrees="8" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="49" value="8.946944">8°56’49” E</geoCoordinate>
),
<location id="8EA860709F25FF872590FA5E8CFDF9FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE87BD9F25FF802780FB2489EEFD53:8EA860709F25FF872590FA5E8CFDF9FA" country="Switzerland" latitude="45.890556" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="8.946944" name="Val Mara near Meride" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Val Mara near Meride</location>
(Monte San Giorgio,
<collectingCountry id="F360763B9F25FF872662FA7B8DB4F9FA" box="[373,484,1531,1553]" name="Switzerland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836AB9F25FF872780F9988F5FF9C5" blockId="3.[106,787,132,1982]" box="[151,783,1560,1582]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Repository: Museo cantonale di storia naturale, Lugano, Switzerland.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D65209F25FF872780F9B48E3CF9A1" box="[151,620,1588,1610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC836AB9F25FF872780F9B48E3CF9A1" blockId="3.[106,787,132,1982]" box="[151,620,1588,1610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis: As for the genus, being the only species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D65209F25FF872780F9D18FC4FE5C" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC836AB9F25FF872780F9D18FC4FE5C" blockId="3.[106,787,132,1982]" lastBlockId="3.[816,1498,132,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Description (
<figureCitation id="134C2A2E9F25FF872603F9D18D2DF98D" box="[276,381,1617,1639]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[106,135,1700,1719]" captionTargetBox="[245,1359,887,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-203@2.[241,1361,885,1677]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3 | Representatives of holometabolous insects. A Magnicapitixyela dilettae (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae), MCSN 8678. B Merithone laetitiae (Neuropterida, †Permithonidae), MCSN 8679 (19). Coleoptera: MCSN 8691, Archostemata (C); MCSN 8692, Archostemata (D); MCSN 8681, Adephaga (E); MCSN 8693, Polyphaga (F). Scale bars: A–D, 1 mm; E, F 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13375195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13375195/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 3A, S</figureCitation>
7, S8). Small sawfly with a body length of 7.8 mm (♂) and of 8.1 mm (♀), including the ovipositor. Abdomen width (at III urite level) = 2.6 mm. Head capsule (frons apex–post occipital sulcus) = 1.3 mm (♂) and 1 mm (♀), gena–gena margins = 2 mm (♂) and 1.7 mm (♀), eyes very large and three ocelli visible on the holotype (diameter of 0.26 mm) (Fig. S8B). Antennae poorly preserved, visible only the scape. Head capsule almost of the same width as the thorax, mesoscutum well-developed. Forewing almost totally preserved in the holotype (only partially visible on the paratype), with a length of ~ 5.3 mm and a width (at distal upper apex of pterostigma and 2cua distal lower apex) of 1.74 mm, wing length/width ratio = 3.05, tegula visible on the left forewing (Fig. S7). Pterostigma completely sclerotized, SC developed over the entire length, joining C approximately at RS base (Fig. S7). R sinuous, slightly dilated at RS base. 1-RS and RS + M are slightly longer than 1-M (~ 1.4 times) and 1-RS (~ 1.3 times), respectively. Angle between 1-RS and RS-M of forewings of 146°. M+CuA slightly concave until the split between M and CuA.1 A straight.Presence of cells 3r and 4r; cell 1 mcu ~ 3 times as long as high, distally dilatated; cell 2 rm wide, ~ 3 times as long as width.Hind wing only partially preserved. Legs partially preserved, mostly only femur and tibia are preserved; tarsus and tarsal claws visible on the paratype (Fig. S8). Abdomen almost completely preserved, with ten visible segments. The paratype preserves the ovipositor with the 3
<superScript id="7C029BE39F25FF8723D5FEE5889FFE9A" attach="left" box="[1218,1231,357,369]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">rd</superScript>
valvulae of 1.3 mm in length and a maximum width of 0.35 mm, transversal ornamentations are visible (Fig. S8C).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D65209F25FF802449FE3E89EEFD53" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC836AB9F25FF872449FE3E8801FD94" blockId="3.[816,1498,132,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D289F25FF872449FE3E8F8CFE3F" box="[862,988,446,468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="7" rank="superOrder" superOrder="Neuropterida">Neuropterida</taxonomicName>
. Seven almost complete fossils (length ranging from ~ 2.4 mm to ~ 6.5 mm) were assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C774D289F25FF8723B2FE5A8971FE1B" box="[1189,1313,474,496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="7" rank="superOrder" superOrder="Neuropterida">Neuropterida</taxonomicName>
based on shape and venation pattern of wings; some specimens possess nygmata. Six specimens resemble Raphidioptera, while one almost complete specimen was assigned to the extinct family †
<taxonomicName id="4C774D289F25FF8724EEFDB08957FDAE" authority="Tillyard, 1922" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1922" box="[1017,1287,560,582]" class="Insecta" family="Permithonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Permithonidae Tillyard, 1922</taxonomicName>
(MCSN 8679;
<figureCitation id="134C2A2E9F25FF872286FDB08982FDAD" box="[1425,1490,560,582]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[106,135,1700,1719]" captionTargetBox="[245,1359,887,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-203@2.[241,1361,885,1677]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3 | Representatives of holometabolous insects. A Magnicapitixyela dilettae (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae), MCSN 8678. B Merithone laetitiae (Neuropterida, †Permithonidae), MCSN 8679 (19). Coleoptera: MCSN 8691, Archostemata (C); MCSN 8692, Archostemata (D); MCSN 8681, Adephaga (E); MCSN 8693, Polyphaga (F). Scale bars: A–D, 1 mm; E, F 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13375195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13375195/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) and recently described as a new genus and species,
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F25FF87223FFDCC8988FD8A" box="[1320,1496,588,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Merithone laetitiae</emphasis>
Montagna and Magoga, 2024
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B5A9F25FF872329FDE6881BFD99" author="Montagna, M. &amp; Magoga, G. &amp; Magnani, F. The" box="[1086,1099,614,626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref9021" refString="19. Montagna, M., Magoga, G. &amp; Magnani, F. The Middle Triassic palaeontomofauna of Monte San Giorgio with the description of Merithone laetitiae († Permithonidae) gen. et sp. nov. Swiss J. Palaeontol. 143, 17 (2024)." type="journal volume" year="2024">
<superScript id="7C029BE39F25FF872329FDE6881BFD99" attach="none" box="[1086,1099,614,626]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">19</superScript>
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836AB9F25FF872449FD068FE8FC76" blockId="3.[816,1498,132,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D289F25FF872449FD068F95FD77" box="[862,965,646,668]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
. Thirty-seven specimens were found in the MSG assemblage, most of them completely preserved, and assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C774D289F25FF87222BFD2289F1FD53" box="[1340,1441,674,696]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
based on highly sclerotized exoskeleton and forewings transformed into sclerotized elytra. The assemblage includes representatives of three out of the four beetle suborders, namely Archostemata (
<taxonomicName id="4C774D289F25FF8723FAFD788902FCE5" authorityName="Laporte" authorityYear="1836" box="[1261,1362,760,782]" class="Insecta" family="Cupedidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cupedidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F25FF87224BFD798988FCE6" box="[1372,1496,760,782]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">incertae sedis</emphasis>
MCSN 8691, 8692;
<figureCitation id="134C2A2E9F25FF8724E6FC958808FCC0" box="[1009,1112,789,811]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[106,135,1700,1719]" captionTargetBox="[245,1359,887,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-203@2.[241,1361,885,1677]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3 | Representatives of holometabolous insects. A Magnicapitixyela dilettae (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae), MCSN 8678. B Merithone laetitiae (Neuropterida, †Permithonidae), MCSN 8679 (19). Coleoptera: MCSN 8691, Archostemata (C); MCSN 8692, Archostemata (D); MCSN 8681, Adephaga (E); MCSN 8693, Polyphaga (F). Scale bars: A–D, 1 mm; E, F 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13375195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13375195/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3C, D</figureCitation>
), Adephaga (MCSN 8681;
<figureCitation id="134C2A2E9F25FF872277FC9589F6FCC0" box="[1376,1446,789,811]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[106,135,1700,1719]" captionTargetBox="[245,1359,887,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-203@2.[241,1361,885,1677]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3 | Representatives of holometabolous insects. A Magnicapitixyela dilettae (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae), MCSN 8678. B Merithone laetitiae (Neuropterida, †Permithonidae), MCSN 8679 (19). Coleoptera: MCSN 8691, Archostemata (C); MCSN 8692, Archostemata (D); MCSN 8681, Adephaga (E); MCSN 8693, Polyphaga (F). Scale bars: A–D, 1 mm; E, F 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13375195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13375195/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
) and Polyphaga (MCSN 8693;
<figureCitation id="134C2A2E9F25FF872303FCB18803FCAC" box="[1044,1107,817,839]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[106,135,1700,1719]" captionTargetBox="[245,1359,887,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-203@2.[241,1361,885,1677]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3 | Representatives of holometabolous insects. A Magnicapitixyela dilettae (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae), MCSN 8678. B Merithone laetitiae (Neuropterida, †Permithonidae), MCSN 8679 (19). Coleoptera: MCSN 8691, Archostemata (C); MCSN 8692, Archostemata (D); MCSN 8681, Adephaga (E); MCSN 8693, Polyphaga (F). Scale bars: A–D, 1 mm; E, F 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13375195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13375195/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig.3F</figureCitation>
). The fossils consist of small to medium size specimens (~ 1.3 mm to ~ 6.9 mm in length) characterized by terrestrial and aquatic habitus. Natatorial hind legs are visible in the specimen MCSN 8681 (
<figureCitation id="134C2A2E9F25FF87247EFC078FFDFC76" box="[873,941,903,925]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[106,135,1700,1719]" captionTargetBox="[245,1359,887,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-203@2.[241,1361,885,1677]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3 | Representatives of holometabolous insects. A Magnicapitixyela dilettae (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae), MCSN 8678. B Merithone laetitiae (Neuropterida, †Permithonidae), MCSN 8679 (19). Coleoptera: MCSN 8691, Archostemata (C); MCSN 8692, Archostemata (D); MCSN 8681, Adephaga (E); MCSN 8693, Polyphaga (F). Scale bars: A–D, 1 mm; E, F 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13375195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13375195/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836AB9F25FF872449FC2388C7FAA2" blockId="3.[816,1498,132,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Amphiesmenoptera. A ~ 3.6 mm almost complete insect preserved in dorsal view (MCSN 8701; Fig. S9A). Head with hair on the front, rather complete filiform antennae and eyes partially visible. Both fore and hind wings are visible (left wings superposed), presenting hairs along the margins, nygmata not visible. Forewings with 3-branched M vein, as in Lepidoptera; the separation between M1 and M2 veins forms an angle greater than 45°, which precludes its assignment to Trichoptera, but in the meantime not greater than 60° as in Lepidoptera.Legs are partially visible on the right side. A second almost complete fossil in ventral view (MCSN 8702, a male; Fig. S9B) may belong to the same morphospecies because of the similar habitus and size (~ 2.8 mm).However,in this case,the 3-branched M vein in the forewing is not visible due to the poor preservation of the area. On the head, compound eyes and filiform antennae are visible, as well as, elongate structures compatible with laciniae departing from the mouthpart region. Abdomen terminal appendages visible.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836AB9F25FF872449FAD08FA1F968" blockId="3.[816,1498,132,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Mecoptera. A small (~ 4.2 mm in length), almost complete, insect preserved in lateral view was attributed to Mecoptera due to the presence of the genital bulb folded underneath the distal part of the abdomen, likely a
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F25FF872427FA268FCCFA50" box="[816,924,1446,1467]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">postmortem</emphasis>
position acquired in the depositional environment (MCSN 8699;
<figureCitation id="134C2A2E9F25FF872471FA428F94FA33" box="[870,964,1474,1496]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[106,135,527,546]" captionTargetBox="[241,1361,133,505]" captionTargetId="figure-775@4.[241,1361,133,505]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4 | Representatives of holometabolous insects (Antliophora). A Mecoptera, MCSN 8699. Diptera: MCSN 8694, adult (B); MCSN 8695, adult male (C); MCSN 8698, pupa (D). Scale bars: A-B, 500 µm; C, D, 1 mm." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 4A, S</figureCitation>
10). The head with well-developed compound eyes, ocellus, and an elongate rostrum with maxillary palps; bristles are present on the vertex (Fig. S10A). Antennae are filiform and composed of at least by 26 segments. Legs are partially visible. Two pairs of subequal wings with pterostigma and setae on the venations are present. CUA of forewings is not visible due to the poor preservation of the area and to the partial overlap of fore- and hindwings.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836AB9F25FF802449F90A8DB7FA33" blockId="3.[816,1498,132,1981]" lastBlockId="4.[106,787,1445,1981]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Diptera. A total of 56 fossils (54 adults and two pupae), with different degrees of preservation,were attributed to Diptera (MCSN 8686, 8673-8676, 8694-8698;
<figureCitation id="134C2A2E9F25FF87248DF9438FAFF933" box="[922,1023,1731,1753]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[106,135,527,546]" captionTargetBox="[241,1361,133,505]" captionTargetId="figure-775@4.[241,1361,133,505]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4 | Representatives of holometabolous insects (Antliophora). A Mecoptera, MCSN 8699. Diptera: MCSN 8694, adult (B); MCSN 8695, adult male (C); MCSN 8698, pupa (D). Scale bars: A-B, 500 µm; C, D, 1 mm." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs.4B–D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134C2A2E9F25FF872310F9438869F932" box="[1031,1081,1731,1753]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[106,135,1213,1232]" captionTargetBox="[127,765,656,1189]" captionTargetId="figure-820@4.[126,766,655,1190]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5 | Diptera preserving peculiar features. A MCSN 8696, adult preserving the hexagonal facets of compound eyes and three round-shaped bodies at the end of the abdomen. B MCSN 8696, enlargement of the hexagonal facets of compound eyes. C MCSN 8696, enlargement of the three round-shaped bodies present externally on the abdomen, with visible ornamentations. D MCSN 8697, three round-shaped bodies present externally on the abdomen, with visible ornamentations. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 200 µm; D, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13375199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13375199/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">5A, S</figureCitation>
11). Adults (length from ~ 1.5 mm to 4.9 mm) possess hind wings reduced to halteres and one Cu vein on the forewings. Moreover, the presence of filiform antennae with more than ten segments and CuA veins not coalesced with 1 A (when visible) prompted their ascription to the Nematocera clade. The almost complete exarate pupae (MCSN 8698, ~ 4.1 mm in length, ~ 1.5 mm width,
<figureCitation id="134C2A2E9F25FF872206F8D28906F88C" box="[1297,1366,1874,1896]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[106,135,527,546]" captionTargetBox="[241,1361,133,505]" captionTargetId="figure-775@4.[241,1361,133,505]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4 | Representatives of holometabolous insects (Antliophora). A Mecoptera, MCSN 8699. Diptera: MCSN 8694, adult (B); MCSN 8695, adult male (C); MCSN 8698, pupa (D). Scale bars: A-B, 500 µm; C, D, 1 mm." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
; MCSN 8686, ~ 5.7 mm in length, ~ 1.4 mm width, Fig. S11A) can be assigned to Nematocera
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F25FF8724B1F80B884EF84B" box="[934,1054,1931,1952]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">incertae sedis</emphasis>
as well. These specimens preserve three pairs of legs, antennae, and respiratory horns on the head capsule. On the distal part of the specimen MCSN 8686, the abdomen preserves ovoidal structures attributable to seminal capsules (
<figureCitation id="134C2A2E9F22FF802681FA428D8CFA33" box="[406,476,1474,1496]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[106,135,1213,1232]" captionTargetBox="[127,765,656,1189]" captionTargetId="figure-820@4.[126,766,655,1190]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5 | Diptera preserving peculiar features. A MCSN 8696, adult preserving the hexagonal facets of compound eyes and three round-shaped bodies at the end of the abdomen. B MCSN 8696, enlargement of the hexagonal facets of compound eyes. C MCSN 8696, enlargement of the three round-shaped bodies present externally on the abdomen, with visible ornamentations. D MCSN 8697, three round-shaped bodies present externally on the abdomen, with visible ornamentations. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 200 µm; D, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13375199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13375199/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0866239F22FF80277DFD8F8DA4FDD6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13375197" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[106,135,527,546]" targetBox="[241,1361,133,505]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC836AB9F22FF80277DFD8F8DA4FDD6" blockId="4.[106,1498,526,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F22FF80277DFD8F8EF5FDC9" bold="true" box="[106,677,526,546]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4 | Representatives of holometabolous insects (Antliophora). A</emphasis>
Mecoptera, MCSN 8699. Diptera: MCSN 8694, adult (
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F22FF802373FD8F8821FDC9" bold="true" box="[1124,1137,527,546]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
); MCSN 8695, adult male (
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F22FF802246FD8F890FFDC9" bold="true" box="[1361,1375,527,546]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
); MCSN 8698, pupa (
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F22FF8027B7FDA98CE0FDD7" bold="true" box="[160,176,553,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D</emphasis>
). Scale bars: A-B, 500 µm;
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F22FF802699FDAA8DCCFDD6" bold="true" box="[398,412,554,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F22FF8026B2FDA98DE5FDD7" bold="true" box="[421,437,553,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D</emphasis>
, 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0866239F22FF80277DFB3D8DCBFA84" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13375199" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13375199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13375199/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[106,135,1213,1232]" targetBox="[127,765,656,1189]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC836AB9F22FF80277DFB3D8DCBFA84" blockId="4.[106,787,1212,1391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F22FF80277DFB3D8DA8FB3B" bold="true" box="[106,504,1212,1232]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5 | Diptera preserving peculiar features. A</emphasis>
MCSN 8696, adult preserving the hexagonal facets of compound eyes and three round-shaped bodies at the end of the abdomen.
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F22FF8027D6FB718C9EFAEF" bold="true" box="[193,206,1265,1284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
MCSN 8696, enlargement of the hexagonal facets of compound eyes.
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F22FF80277DFA8C8C28FAF4" bold="true" box="[106,120,1292,1311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
MCSN 8696, enlargement of the three round-shaped bodies present externally on the abdomen, with visible ornamentations.
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F22FF8026C7FAA68DB0FAD2" bold="true" box="[464,480,1318,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D</emphasis>
MCSN 8697, three round-shaped bodies present externally on the abdomen, with visible ornamentations. Scale bars:
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F22FF80277DFADC8C28FA84" bold="true" box="[106,120,1372,1391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
, 500 µm;
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F22FF8027DEFADC8C86FA84" bold="true" box="[201,214,1372,1391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F22FF8027F7FADC8CBEFA84" bold="true" box="[224,238,1372,1391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
, 200 µm;
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F22FF802628FADC8D1FFA84" bold="true" box="[319,335,1372,1391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D</emphasis>
, 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC836AB9F22FF802780FA5F89EEFD53" blockId="4.[106,787,1445,1981]" lastBlockId="4.[816,1497,646,696]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Among these dipteran fossils, six out of 56 are phosphatized but no soft tissues or inner organs are recognizable (Fig. S11B–E). Some adults are complete and well preserved; setae are visible on legs, wings, and at the margin of compound eyes; in some cases, the outlines of the hexagonal facets within compound eyes are visible (
<figureCitation id="134C2A2E9F22FF8026BEF9D18E58F98C" box="[425,520,1617,1639]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[106,135,1213,1232]" captionTargetBox="[127,765,656,1189]" captionTargetId="figure-820@4.[126,766,655,1190]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5 | Diptera preserving peculiar features. A MCSN 8696, adult preserving the hexagonal facets of compound eyes and three round-shaped bodies at the end of the abdomen. B MCSN 8696, enlargement of the hexagonal facets of compound eyes. C MCSN 8696, enlargement of the three round-shaped bodies present externally on the abdomen, with visible ornamentations. D MCSN 8697, three round-shaped bodies present externally on the abdomen, with visible ornamentations. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 200 µm; D, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13375199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13375199/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
). The specimen MCSN 8680 presents a prolonged labium and maxillary palps (
<figureCitation id="134C2A2E9F22FF802552F9ED8ED8F968" box="[581,648,1645,1667]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[106,135,1734,1753]" captionTargetBox="[242,1360,134,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[241,1361,133,1711]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 6 | Abundance of fossils per insect lineage found at VM12 site and location of the main Middle Triassic insect deposits. A Time-calibrated phylogenetic tree of insect evolutionary relationships from Montagna et al. (5) where the abundance of insects collected at VM12 per lineage, expressed as the natural logarithm of the number of individuals,is reported;(B). Location of main Middle Triassic fossil insect deposits as in Zheng et al. (11) with the addition of Monte San Giorgio. (1) Tongchuan, China (Ladinian); (2) Karamay, China (Carnian); (3) Madygen, Kyrgyzstan (Ladinian-Carnian); (4) Vosges,France (early Anisian); (5) Solite, USA (late Carnian); (6) Ipswich, Australia (Carnian); (7) Brookvale, Australia (Anisian); (8) Molteno, South Africa (Carnian); (MSG) Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland (Ladinian). Giulia Magoga drew insect silhouettes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13375201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13375201/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. S6</figureCitation>
). Interestingly, twelve Pleciofungivoridae-like fossils possess round-shaped bodies adhering to the distal part of their abdomens (
<figureCitation id="134C2A2E9F22FF8026D2F9268E5DF956" box="[453,525,1702,1725]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[106,135,1213,1232]" captionTargetBox="[127,765,656,1189]" captionTargetId="figure-820@4.[126,766,655,1190]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5 | Diptera preserving peculiar features. A MCSN 8696, adult preserving the hexagonal facets of compound eyes and three round-shaped bodies at the end of the abdomen. B MCSN 8696, enlargement of the hexagonal facets of compound eyes. C MCSN 8696, enlargement of the three round-shaped bodies present externally on the abdomen, with visible ornamentations. D MCSN 8697, three round-shaped bodies present externally on the abdomen, with visible ornamentations. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 200 µm; D, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13375199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13375199/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). These bodies appear to be external to the abdomen, which appears intact and their texture differs from the thin cuticula of the urites. On each insect are present two to four round-shaped units (each with a diameter of ~100–130 µm) with visible ornamentation (
<figureCitation id="134C2A2E9F22FF8027C2F8998D66F8C4" box="[213,310,1817,1839]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[106,135,1213,1232]" captionTargetBox="[127,765,656,1189]" captionTargetId="figure-820@4.[126,766,655,1190]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5 | Diptera preserving peculiar features. A MCSN 8696, adult preserving the hexagonal facets of compound eyes and three round-shaped bodies at the end of the abdomen. B MCSN 8696, enlargement of the hexagonal facets of compound eyes. C MCSN 8696, enlargement of the three round-shaped bodies present externally on the abdomen, with visible ornamentations. D MCSN 8697, three round-shaped bodies present externally on the abdomen, with visible ornamentations. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 200 µm; D, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13375199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13375199/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5C, D</figureCitation>
). The shape of these enigmatic bodies is compatible with the one of seminal capsules as well as lycophyte spores of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C774D289F22FF80277DF8D28DFAF883" authority="(Lycopodiopsida)" baseAuthorityName="Lycopodiopsida" box="[106,426,1874,1896]" genus="Reticulatisporites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F22FF80277DF8D28D54F88C" box="[106,260,1874,1895]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Reticulatisporites</emphasis>
(Lycopodiopsida)
</taxonomicName>
, even if based on literature the size of the latter is ~ 65 µm (19). The association of these enigmatic round-shaped bodies with the insect abdomen (mean = 2.83 for the round-shaped units) is not random, indeed their abundance on insect bodies significantly differs from the one of those dispersed into the fossil matrices (mean = 0.09 round-shaped units) (Wilcoxon rank sum test results: W = 0,
<emphasis id="B903EAB99F22FF802231FD238961FD53" box="[1318,1329,675,696]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">p</emphasis>
-value &lt;0.001).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink