694 lines
104 KiB
XML
694 lines
104 KiB
XML
<document id="1AFF66F18F5E3EBEC66F581635F64686" ID-CLB-Dataset="58519" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5141.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="069c0dc4-8b14-45a0-a089-eba06ce0cf4b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581618" ID-ZooBank="1628823F-B1D6-4505-9787-EF21824C9414" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1653497121552" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Michailova, Paraskeva" docDate="2022" docId="03D6DD03FFBCFFA8FF70FCA9FCEFFAD9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5141.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5141 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Clunio marinus Haliday 1855" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="172" masterDocId="FFEFA57BFFBDFFA1FFE7FFCEFFE8FFA0" masterDocTitle="External morphology of larva and polytene chromosomes of Clunio marinus Haliday, 1855 (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) from two localities of the Atlantic coast" masterLastPageNumber="173" masterPageNumber="163" pageNumber="164" updateTime="1699338070759" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="0B1A5C69EDDECE30F3419B53E658EA0D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3943E2A61A111AE641C564D2DF129B39">
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<mods:title id="3BDF483A9E8C9DC50A6BCCD3781EC27B">External morphology of larva and polytene chromosomes of Clunio marinus Haliday, 1855 (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) from two localities of the Atlantic coast</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D6AE6648DA2B754F8B9DA35CC7E10C42" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A8C33715AAB825D53A0CBC92B7DB1F11">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E7D182200F731B904F924B53E79D468B">Michailova, Paraskeva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E55D1F9EE07871DEC020058B9FA3205E" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7036-9714</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="C1ECF7CAEB49564303DE1DD6E6B07CA3">Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tzar Osvoboditel b., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria Corresponding author. pmichailova @ yahoo. com; michailova @ zoology. bas. bg; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7036 - 9714</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="80A03D5F11EE435E60C1DDC601F1CD8A" type="email">pmichailova@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B7E46451658BCB2F43420C2C140E9655">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="D56390C0AF73DB374851316946A5BD97">
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<mods:title id="64C142E717D09A3B3782E068D7384E6F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="510090874485C184ADCF3C878D35A9FE">
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<mods:date id="2ABFFB2147A66354440F3BD5CAC35C69">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="238490F31E8F0A7BBF7FAA05D9F2C770">2022-05-25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3C1FAD50FEB6C796C1C0F072EC02BD0C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="479F07C0F10E26E135D33AD8B48F2C68">5141</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D3ED5748BAE07C58F5BC45F6382F1453" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="637FB445FB048FAA015ED4F3C46AF6E8">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="5A4699BB7E40FFFE2E18BC90B9A87BAA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="219E25051D1C1950C8AD759C44DC697E" type="CLB-Dataset">58519</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="895F0C76520D7C275909BD5F5B5C4FAC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5141.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BBA9C7536B27F1E905BF150A3A4CDDE8" type="GBIF-Dataset">069c0dc4-8b14-45a0-a089-eba06ce0cf4b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0C2CFFE3301CA87ED8E02E77D721C9CD" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D6DD03FFBCFFA8FF70FCA9FCEFFAD9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6587293" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195657843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6587293" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D6DD03FFBCFFA8FF70FCA9FCEFFAD9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D6DD03FFBCFFA8FF70FCA9FCEFFAD9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
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<subSubSection id="C3653F9EFFBCFFA0FF70FCA9FC67FC21" box="[151,911,871,898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFBCFFA0FF70FCA9FC67FC21" blockId="1.[151,911,871,898]" box="[151,911,871,898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
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<heading id="D088DB79FFBCFFA0FF70FCA9FC67FC21" bold="true" box="[151,911,871,898]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FF70FCA9FC67FC21" bold="true" box="[151,911,871,898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
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1. Larva of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBCFFA0FEA5FCA9FD85FC21" ID-CoL="5ZCT9" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1855" box="[322,621,871,898]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
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<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FEA5FCA9FDEAFC21" bold="true" box="[322,514,871,898]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Clunio marinus</emphasis>
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Haliday
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</taxonomicName>
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, lab. stock, Vigo,
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<collectingCountry id="F3682C85FFBCFFA0FCA0FCA9FC67FC21" box="[839,911,871,897]" name="Spain" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Spain</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3653F9EFFBCFFA8FF70FC61FD4BFF75" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFBCFFA0FF70FC61FB32F9F2" blockId="1.[151,1437,943,1618]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
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Small sized species,length up to
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<quantity id="4C87C1F0FFBCFFA0FDEEFC61FDA2FC6A" box="[521,586,943,970]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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long. General coloration yellowish brown, head dark brown. Mentum with dark brown teeth, mandible with brown teeth.
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<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FD4FFC1DFCF3FC4D" bold="true" box="[680,795,979,1005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Mandible</emphasis>
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is about 130 µm long and about 44 µm width (
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<figureCitation id="13447090FFBCFFA0FADCFC1DFA7BFC4D" box="[1339,1427,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1939,1963]" captionTargetBox="[223,1365,181,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[222,1365,179,1914]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581620/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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) with 5 teeth. Seta subdentalis triangular, reaching almost half way up the last inner tooth which is lighter than the others; seta interna has 5 strong branches.
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<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FD66FBD5FD00FB95" bold="true" box="[641,744,1051,1077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Mentum</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13447090FFBCFFA0FD1EFBD5FCBAFB95" box="[761,850,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1939,1963]" captionTargetBox="[223,1365,181,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[222,1365,179,1914]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581620/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
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): median tooth rounded and smooth, its width (W) is recorded in
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<tableCitation id="C6FD59AEFFBCFFA0FEDEFBF1FE65FBF9" box="[313,397,1087,1113]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,1665,1689]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurement (in µm) of the larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, Spain, Vigo.Antennal segments 1-2: length (L1 and L2). Mentum: width (W) of median tooth. Distance (D1) between setae of mentum. Distance (D2) from base to the RO of the first antennal segment." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF003C9DFFBCFFA0FF70F94FFE12F941" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" tableUuid="DF003C9DFFBCFFA0FF70F94FFE12F941">Table 1</tableCitation>
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; the four lateral teeth are rounded apically and decreasing in size from 1 to 4. Ventromental plates poorly developed, seta submenti about 22 µm long, quite prominent and not branched; distance (D1) between both setae submenti can see in
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<tableCitation id="C6FD59AEFFBCFFA0FE14FB49FDADFB01" box="[499,581,1159,1185]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,1665,1689]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurement (in µm) of the larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, Spain, Vigo.Antennal segments 1-2: length (L1 and L2). Mentum: width (W) of median tooth. Distance (D1) between setae of mentum. Distance (D2) from base to the RO of the first antennal segment." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF003C9DFFBCFFA0FF70F94FFE12F941" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" tableUuid="DF003C9DFFBCFFA0FF70F94FFE12F941">Table 1</tableCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FDB5FB49FD51FB01" bold="true" box="[594,697,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Antenna</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13447090FFBCFFA0FD2FFB49FCC8FB01" box="[712,800,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1939,1963]" captionTargetBox="[223,1365,181,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[222,1365,179,1914]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581620/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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): 5 segments, lengths of segments L1 and L2 as in
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<tableCitation id="C6FD59AEFFBCFFA0FAB9FB49FF4EFB65" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,1665,1689]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurement (in µm) of the larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, Spain, Vigo.Antennal segments 1-2: length (L1 and L2). Mentum: width (W) of median tooth. Distance (D1) between setae of mentum. Distance (D2) from base to the RO of the first antennal segment." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF003C9DFFBCFFA0FF70F94FFE12F941" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" tableUuid="DF003C9DFFBCFFA0FF70F94FFE12F941">Table 1</tableCitation>
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. Segment 1 with Ring Organ (RO) located at upper part of the segment 1. Segment 1 with a blade (bl) consisting of two parts, reaching apex of 4
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<superScript id="7C0AC15DFFBCFFA0FE1AFB01FDE2FB7D" attach="left" box="[509,522,1231,1245]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">th</superScript>
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segment. Segment 2 with style (st) reaching the apex of 3
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<superScript id="7C0AC15DFFBCFFA0FB7EFB01FB4FFB7D" attach="left" box="[1177,1191,1231,1245]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">rd</superScript>
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segment. Segments 3 and 4 almost sub-equal. Lauterborn organ very weak, difficult to see.
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<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FC4CFB3DFBACFAAD" bold="true" box="[939,1092,1267,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Premandible</emphasis>
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(Pm) (
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<figureCitation id="13447090FFBCFFA0FB73FB3DFB05FAAD" box="[1172,1261,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1939,1963]" captionTargetBox="[223,1365,181,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[222,1365,179,1914]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581620/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13447090FFBCFFA0FB1CFB3DFAB8FAAD" box="[1275,1360,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,181,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-16@3.[161,1425,181,1492]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab.stock, Spain, Vigo.A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE), premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Clypeus with setae SI and SII and premandible (Pm); D. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as), and supra anal setae (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581622/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">2A, 2C</figureCitation>
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): bare, with a large blunt slightly prolonged tooth and an inner rounded blunt tooth. The proximal part of premandible is not broarder than the distal part.
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<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FE3CFAF5FD25FAF5" bold="true" box="[475,717,1339,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Pecten epipharyngis</emphasis>
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(PE) (
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<figureCitation id="13447090FFBCFFA0FCF1FAF5FC99FAF5" box="[790,881,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,181,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-16@3.[161,1425,181,1492]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab.stock, Spain, Vigo.A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE), premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Clypeus with setae SI and SII and premandible (Pm); D. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as), and supra anal setae (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581622/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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): consists of non-fused structures at base and lanceolate setae on both sides.
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<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FE2BFA91FDC0FAD9" bold="true" box="[460,552,1375,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Maxilla</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13447090FFBCFFA0FDD1FA91FD67FAD9" box="[566,655,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,181,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-16@3.[161,1425,181,1492]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab.stock, Spain, Vigo.A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE), premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Clypeus with setae SI and SII and premandible (Pm); D. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as), and supra anal setae (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581622/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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): has a well developed maxillary palp (mp), with a single seta, located laterally, lacinia with several simple maxillary chaetae (LCh).
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<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FC82FA4DFBA4FA3D" bold="true" box="[869,1100,1411,1437]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Posterior parapods</emphasis>
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(pp) (
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<figureCitation id="13447090FFBCFFA0FB71FA4DFB1BFA3D" box="[1174,1267,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,181,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-16@3.[161,1425,181,1492]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab.stock, Spain, Vigo.A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE), premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Clypeus with setae SI and SII and premandible (Pm); D. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as), and supra anal setae (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581622/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
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): about 60 µm long, anal setae (as) difficult to see, supra-anal setae (ss) 120-122 µm long, ventral tubules absent.
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<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FB1EFA69FAB1FA61" bold="true" box="[1273,1369,1447,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Clypeus</emphasis>
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light, almost trapezoidal with weak granulation on both sides near to the posterior margin; setae I and II plumose (
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<figureCitation id="13447090FFBCFFA0FA88FA05FF53F9A9" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,181,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-16@3.[161,1425,181,1492]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab.stock, Spain, Vigo.A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE), premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Clypeus with setae SI and SII and premandible (Pm); D. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as), and supra anal setae (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581622/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
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), occasionally with branches; setae III and IV simple. Setae S1 located close to the anterior margin (
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<figureCitation id="13447090FFBCFFA0FAD3FA21FA7FF9A9" box="[1332,1431,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,181,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-16@3.[161,1425,181,1492]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab.stock, Spain, Vigo.A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE), premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Clypeus with setae SI and SII and premandible (Pm); D. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as), and supra anal setae (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581622/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Figs. 2C</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBCFFA0FF70F9DDFF55F98D" box="[151,189,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1115,1139]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1092]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[152,1435,181,1092]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Larvae of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Clypeus and frontal apotome with setae S1 to S5. Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581624/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
); setae S2 inserted laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBCFFA0FDE4F9DDFDB6F98D" box="[515,606,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1115,1139]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1092]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[152,1435,181,1092]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Larvae of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Clypeus and frontal apotome with setae S1 to S5. Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581624/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FD94F9DDFCD3F98D" bold="true" box="[627,827,1555,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Frontal apotome</emphasis>
|
||
dark brown, elongated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBCFFA0FBA8F9DDFB42F98D" box="[1103,1194,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1115,1139]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1092]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[152,1435,181,1092]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Larvae of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Clypeus and frontal apotome with setae S1 to S5. Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581624/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
); setae S3-S5 located near the lateral margin; S3, close to the anterior margin; S4, antero-medially; S5, on median area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF003C9DFFBCFFA0FF70F94FFE12F941" ID-Table-UUID="DF003C9DFFBCFFA0FF70F94FFE12F941" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF003C9DFFBCFFA0FF70F94FFE12F941" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" startId="1.[151,239,1665,1689]" targetBox="[166,1271,1777,1953]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFBCFFA0FF70F94FFE12F941" blockId="1.[151,1437,1665,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FF70F94FFEEBF939" bold="true" box="[151,259,1665,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">TABLE 1</emphasis>
|
||
. Measurement (in µm) of the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBCFFA0FD70F94FFC72F939" authority="Holiday" authorityName="Holiday" box="[663,922,1665,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FD70F94FFCD5F939" box="[663,829,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Clunio marinus</emphasis>
|
||
Holiday
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Spain, Vigo. Antennal segments 1-2: length (L1 and L2). Mentum: width (W) of median tooth. Distance (D1) between setae of mentum. Distance (D2) from base to the RO of the first antennal segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFBCFFA0FF4AF93FFB0AF801" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<table id="F97F9EB5FFBC005EFF41F93FFB1FF801" box="[166,1271,1777,1953]" gridcols="6" gridrows="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<tr id="354F6E57FFBC005EFF41F93FFB1FF8AB" box="[166,1271,1777,1803]" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBC005EFF41F93FFF1EF8AB" box="[166,246,1777,1803]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FF4AF93FFF1EF8AB" bold="true" box="[173,246,1777,1803]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBC005EFE9BF93FFE74F8AB" box="[380,412,1777,1803]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FE9BF93FFE74F8AB" bold="true" box="[380,412,1777,1803]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">L1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBC005EFDB5F93FFD9BF8AB" box="[594,627,1777,1803]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FDB5F93FFD9BF8AB" bold="true" box="[594,627,1777,1803]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">L2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBC005EFCCFF93FFCACF8AB" box="[808,836,1777,1803]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FCCFF93FFCACF8AB" bold="true" box="[808,836,1777,1803]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">W</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBC005EFC19F93FFBC8F8AB" box="[1022,1056,1777,1803]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FC19F93FFBC8F8AB" bold="true" box="[1022,1056,1777,1803]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">D1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBC005EFB33F93FFB1FF8AB" box="[1236,1271,1777,1803]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBCFFA0FB33F93FFB1FF8AB" bold="true" box="[1236,1271,1777,1803]" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">D2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354F6E57FFBC005EFF41F8D5FB1FF895" box="[166,1271,1819,1845]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBC005EFF41F8D5FF1EF895" box="[166,246,1819,1845]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">1</th>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFE9BF8D5FE74F895" box="[380,412,1819,1845]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">12</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFDB5F8D5FD9BF895" box="[594,627,1819,1845]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">16</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFCCFF8D5FCACF895" box="[808,836,1819,1845]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">16</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFC19F8D5FBC8F895" box="[1022,1056,1819,1845]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">70</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFB33F8D5FB1FF895" box="[1236,1271,1819,1845]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354F6E57FFBC005EFF41F8F1FB1FF8F9" box="[166,1271,1855,1881]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBC005EFF41F8F1FF1EF8F9" box="[166,246,1855,1881]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">2</th>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFE9BF8F1FE74F8F9" box="[380,412,1855,1881]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">12</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFDB5F8F1FD9BF8F9" box="[594,627,1855,1881]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">16</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFCCFF8F1FCACF8F9" box="[808,836,1855,1881]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">16</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFC19F8F1FBC8F8F9" box="[1022,1056,1855,1881]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">70</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFB33F8F1FB1FF8F9" box="[1236,1271,1855,1881]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354F6E57FFBC005EFF41F8ADFB1FF8DD" box="[166,1271,1891,1917]" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBC005EFF41F8ADFF1EF8DD" box="[166,246,1891,1917]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">3</th>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFE9BF8ADFE74F8DD" box="[380,412,1891,1917]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">12</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFDB5F8ADFD9BF8DD" box="[594,627,1891,1917]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">16</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFCCFF8ADFCACF8DD" box="[808,836,1891,1917]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">16</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFC19F8ADFBC8F8DD" box="[1022,1056,1891,1917]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">70</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFB33F8ADFB1FF8DD" box="[1236,1271,1891,1917]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354F6E57FFBC005EFF41F849FB1FF801" box="[166,1271,1927,1953]" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBC005EFF41F849FF1EF801" box="[166,246,1927,1953]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">4</th>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFE9BF849FE74F801" box="[380,412,1927,1953]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">12</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFDB5F849FD9BF801" box="[594,627,1927,1953]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">16</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFCCFF849FCACF801" box="[808,836,1927,1953]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">16</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFC19F849FBC8F801" box="[1022,1056,1927,1953]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">70</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBC005EFB33F849FB1FF801" box="[1236,1271,1927,1953]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="164">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF003C9DFFBFFFA3FF70F85DFC69F870" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581620" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581620/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" startId="2.[151,250,1939,1963]" targetBox="[223,1365,181,1914]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFBFFFA3FF70F85DFC69F870" blockId="2.[151,1436,1939,2000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBFFFA3FF70F85DFEFBF80C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1939,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBFFFA3FE91F85AFD86F80C" authority="Holiday" authorityName="Holiday" box="[374,622,1940,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBFFFA3FE91F85AFDFDF80B" box="[374,533,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="165">Clunio marinus</emphasis>
|
||
Holiday
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF003C9DFFBEFFA2FF70FA22FBE1F9ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581622" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581622/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" startId="3.[151,250,1516,1540]" targetBox="[161,1425,181,1492]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFBEFFA2FF70FA22FBE1F9ED" blockId="3.[151,1436,1516,1613]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBEFFA2FF70FA22FEFAF9A4" bold="true" box="[151,274,1516,1540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBEFFA2FE94FA22FD82F9A4" authority="Holiday" authorityName="Holiday" box="[371,618,1516,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBEFFA2FE94FA22FDF9F9A4" box="[371,529,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Clunio marinus</emphasis>
|
||
Holiday
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lab.stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE), premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Clypeus with setae SI and SII and premandible (Pm); D. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as), and supra anal setae (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF003C9DFFB9FFA5FF70FB95FEA1FB38" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581624" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581624/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" startId="4.[151,250,1115,1139]" targetBox="[152,1435,182,1092]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFB9FFA5FF70FB95FEA1FB38" blockId="4.[151,1436,1115,1176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB9FFA5FF70FB95FEFCFBD3" bold="true" box="[151,276,1115,1139]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFB9FFA5FE61FB92FD68FBD4" authority="Holiday" authorityName="Holiday" box="[390,640,1116,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB9FFA5FE61FB92FDCDFBD3" box="[390,549,1116,1140]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Clunio marinus</emphasis>
|
||
Holiday
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Clypeus and frontal apotome with setae S1 to S5. Scale bar, 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFB9FFA5FF70FB24FBEEFAA4" blockId="4.[151,1030,1257,1284]" box="[151,1030,1257,1284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<heading id="D088DB79FFB9FFA5FF70FB24FBEEFAA4" bold="true" box="[151,1030,1257,1284]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB9FFA5FF70FB24FBEEFAA4" bold="true" box="[151,1030,1257,1284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
|
||
2. Larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFB9FFA5FEA5FB27FD85FAA4" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1855" box="[322,621,1257,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB9FFA5FEA5FB27FDEAFAA4" bold="true" box="[322,514,1257,1284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Clunio marinus</emphasis>
|
||
Haliday
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lab. stock,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3682C85FFB9FFA5FD18FB24FC6AFAA4" box="[767,898,1258,1284]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Helgoland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3682C85FFB9FFA5FC68FB24FBEEFAA4" box="[911,1030,1258,1284]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFB9FFA5FF70FAFCFAD9F858" blockId="4.[151,1437,1330,2041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
|
||
Small sized species, length up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C87C1F0FFB9FFA5FDF6FAFCFDBBFAEC" box="[529,595,1330,1356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. General coloration yellowish green, head dark brown. Mentum with dark brown teeth, mandible with brown teeth.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB9FFA5FD44FA98FCFEFAD0" bold="true" box="[675,790,1366,1392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Mandible</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFB9FFA5FCC1FA98FC6AFAD0" box="[806,898,1366,1392]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,183,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[199,1389,181,1924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581626/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
): with 5 teeth, about 124 µm long and about 37 µm wide. Seta subdentalis triangular, reaching the tip of the last inner tooth; seta interna has 5 distinct branches. There are also
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFB9FFA5FEA7FA50FE55FA18" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1855" box="[320,445,1438,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB9FFA5FEA7FA50FE55FA18" box="[320,445,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">C. marinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae in the analyzed material in which the seta subdentalis reaches the middle part of the last tooth.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB9FFA5FED1FA0CFE45FA7B" bold="true" box="[310,429,1473,1500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Mentum (</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFB9FFA5FE4AFA0CFDEDFA7C" box="[429,517,1474,1500]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,183,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[199,1389,181,1924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581626/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
): dark, the tip of middle tooth, is more pointed than the rounded tooth observed at Vigo, its width (W) is recorded in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FD59AEFFB9FFA5FDFEFA28FD98F9A0" box="[537,624,1510,1536]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurement (in µm) of the larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, Germany, Helgoland, lab. stock. Antennal segments 1-2: length (L1 and L2). Mentum: width (W) of median tooth. Distance (D1) between setae of mentum. Distance (D2) from base to the RO of the first antennal segment." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF003C9DFFBBFFA7FF70FF59FD0EFF58" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" tableUuid="DF003C9DFFBBFFA7FF70FF59FD0EFF58">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
; the four lateral teeth are pointed apically and decrease in size from 1 to 4. Ventromental plates (v.p) poorly developed, seta submenta about 26 µm long, distinct and not branched; distance between the setae submenti is in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FD59AEFFB9FFA5FDE5F9E0FDBFF9E8" box="[514,599,1582,1608]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurement (in µm) of the larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, Germany, Helgoland, lab. stock. Antennal segments 1-2: length (L1 and L2). Mentum: width (W) of median tooth. Distance (D1) between setae of mentum. Distance (D2) from base to the RO of the first antennal segment." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF003C9DFFBBFFA7FF70FF59FD0EFF58" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" tableUuid="DF003C9DFFBBFFA7FF70FF59FD0EFF58">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB9FFA5FD87F9E0FD2FF9E8" bold="true" box="[608,711,1582,1608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFB9FFA5FD32F9E0FCC5F9E8" box="[725,813,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,183,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[199,1389,181,1924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581626/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
): 5 segments, lengths of segments L1 and L2 as in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FD59AEFFB9FFA5FAB9F9E0FF40F9CC" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurement (in µm) of the larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, Germany, Helgoland, lab. stock. Antennal segments 1-2: length (L1 and L2). Mentum: width (W) of median tooth. Distance (D1) between setae of mentum. Distance (D2) from base to the RO of the first antennal segment." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF003C9DFFBBFFA7FF70FF59FD0EFF58" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" tableUuid="DF003C9DFFBBFFA7FF70FF59FD0EFF58">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
. Segment 1 with Ring Organ (RO) located at upper part of the segment; segment 1 with a blade (bl) consisting of two parts, reaching proximal half of 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C0AC15DFFB9FFA5FDDAF9B8FDA2F924" attach="left" box="[573,586,1654,1668]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">th</superScript>
|
||
segment; segment 2 with style (st) reaching one third of the fourth segment; 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C0AC15DFFB9FFA5FF42F954FF5AF908" attach="left" box="[165,178,1690,1704]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">th</superScript>
|
||
segment longer than the 3th one; lauterborn organ very weak, difficult to see.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB9FFA5FBFAF954FB5EF914" bold="true" box="[1053,1206,1690,1716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Premandible</emphasis>
|
||
(Pm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFB9FFA5FAE2F954FAB6F914" box="[1285,1374,1690,1716]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,183,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[199,1389,181,1924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581626/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFB9FFA5FA8EF954FA67F915" box="[1385,1423,1690,1717]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,498,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-121@6.[156,1431,497,1701]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE) and premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as) and supra anal seta (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581628/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
): bare, with a blunt tooth and broad, blunt, rounded inner tooth. The proximal part of premandible is not broarder than the distal region.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB9FFA5FE75F92CFD6CF95C" bold="true" box="[402,644,1762,1788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Pecten epipharyngis</emphasis>
|
||
(PE) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFB9FFA5FD29F92CFCC1F95D" box="[718,809,1762,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,498,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-121@6.[156,1431,497,1701]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE) and premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as) and supra anal seta (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581628/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
): consists of non-fused structures at base and lanceolate setae on both sides.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB9FFA5FE9DF8C8FE3EF880" bold="true" box="[378,470,1798,1824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Maxilla</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFB9FFA5FE01F8C8FDD7F881" box="[486,575,1798,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,498,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-121@6.[156,1431,497,1701]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE) and premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as) and supra anal seta (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581628/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
): has a well developed maxillary palp (mp), with a single seta, located laterally, lacinia with several simple maxillary chaetae (LCh).
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB9FFA5FCCEF8E4FBE7F8E4" bold="true" box="[809,1039,1834,1860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Posterior parapods</emphasis>
|
||
(pp) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFB9FFA5FBB0F8E4FB59F8E5" box="[1111,1201,1834,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,498,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-121@6.[156,1431,497,1701]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE) and premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as) and supra anal seta (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581628/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
): about 80 µm. Near to the posterior parapods there are anal setae (as) 60 µm long, and strong supra-anal setae (ss) 160 µm long, ventral tubules absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB9FFA5FEA1F8BCFE4EF82C" bold="true" box="[326,422,1906,1932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Clypeus</emphasis>
|
||
trapezoidal with wide posterior margin, dense granulation on both sides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFB9FFA5FB03F8BCFAD6F82D" box="[1252,1342,1906,1933]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1193,1217]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,561,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-201@7.[158,1429,561,1169]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Larvae of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Clypeus and frontal apotome with setae S3 to S5. Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581630/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
); setae I and II plumose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFB9FFA5FEAAF858FE4DF811" box="[333,421,1942,1969]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,498,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-121@6.[156,1431,497,1701]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE) and premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as) and supra anal seta (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581628/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
), occasionally with branches; setae III and IV simple. Setae S1 located close to the anterior margin, setae S2 inserted laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFB9FFA5FDC3F874FD60F875" box="[548,648,1978,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,498,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-121@6.[156,1431,497,1701]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE) and premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as) and supra anal seta (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581628/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Figs. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFB9FFA5FD73F874FD52F875" box="[660,698,1978,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1193,1217]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,561,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-201@7.[158,1429,561,1169]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Larvae of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Clypeus and frontal apotome with setae S3 to S5. Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581630/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB9FFA5FD29F874FC7EF874" bold="true" box="[718,918,1978,2004]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Frontal apotome</emphasis>
|
||
dark brown, elongated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFB9FFA5FB4EF874FAEDF875" box="[1193,1285,1978,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1193,1217]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,561,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-201@7.[158,1429,561,1169]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Larvae of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Clypeus and frontal apotome with setae S3 to S5. Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581630/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
): setae S3-S5 located near the lateral margin; S3, close to the anterior margin; S4, antero-medially; S5, on median area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF003C9DFFB8FFA4FF70F853FBFAF879" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581626" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581626/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" startId="5.[151,250,1949,1973]" targetBox="[199,1389,183,1924]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFB8FFA4FF70F853FBFAF879" blockId="5.[151,1437,1949,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB8FFA4FF70F853FEFDF815" bold="true" box="[151,277,1949,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFB8FFA4FE99F853FD91F815" authority="Holiday" authorityName="Holiday" box="[382,633,1949,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB8FFA4FE99F853FDF6F815" box="[382,542,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Clunio marinus</emphasis>
|
||
Holiday
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF003C9DFFBBFFA7FF70FF59FD0EFF58" ID-Table-UUID="DF003C9DFFBBFFA7FF70FF59FD0EFF58" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF003C9DFFBBFFA7FF70FF59FD0EFF58" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" startId="6.[151,239,151,175]" targetBox="[166,1268,263,435]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFBBFFA7FF70FF59FD0EFF58" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBBFFA7FF70FF59FEE2FF0F" bold="true" box="[151,266,151,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurement (in µm) of the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBBFFA7FD7BFF59FC48FF0F" authority="Holiday" authorityName="Holiday" box="[668,928,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBBFFA7FD7BFF59FCAAFF0F" box="[668,834,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Clunio marinus</emphasis>
|
||
Holiday
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Germany, Helgoland, lab. stock. Antennal segments 1-2: length (L1 and L2). Mentum: width (W) of median tooth. Distance (D1) between setae of mentum. Distance (D2) from base to the RO of the first antennal segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFBBFFA7FF4BFEC9FB0AFE13" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<table id="F97F9EB5FFBB005EFF41FEC9FB1CFE13" box="[166,1268,263,435]" gridcols="6" gridrows="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<tr id="354F6E57FFBB005EFF41FEC9FB1CFEBF" box="[166,1268,263,287]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBB005EFF41FEC9FF06FEBF" box="[166,238,263,287]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBBFFA7FF4BFEC9FF06FEBF" bold="true" box="[172,238,263,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBB005EFE9AFEC9FE72FEBF" box="[381,410,263,287]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBBFFA7FE9AFEC9FE72FEBF" bold="true" box="[381,410,263,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">L1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBB005EFDB4FEC9FD99FEBF" box="[595,625,263,287]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBBFFA7FDB4FEC9FD99FEBF" bold="true" box="[595,625,263,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">L2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBB005EFCCEFEC9FCAAFEBF" box="[809,834,263,287]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBBFFA7FCCEFEC9FCAAFEBF" bold="true" box="[809,834,263,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">W</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBB005EFC19FEC9FBF5FEBF" box="[1022,1053,263,287]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBBFFA7FC19FEC9FBF5FEBF" bold="true" box="[1022,1053,263,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">D1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBB005EFB32FEC9FB1CFEBF" box="[1237,1268,263,287]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBBFFA7FB32FEC9FB1CFEBF" bold="true" box="[1237,1268,263,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">D2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354F6E57FFBB005EFF41FEE1FB1CFEE7" box="[166,1268,303,327]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBB005EFF41FEE1FF06FEE7" box="[166,238,303,327]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">1</th>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFE9AFEE1FE72FEE7" box="[381,410,303,327]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">12</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFDB4FEE1FD99FEE7" box="[595,625,303,327]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">16</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFCCEFEE1FCAAFEE7" box="[809,834,303,327]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">16</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFC19FEE1FBF5FEE7" box="[1022,1053,303,327]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">60</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFB32FEE1FB1CFEE7" box="[1237,1268,303,327]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354F6E57FFBB005EFF41FE9DFB1CFECB" box="[166,1268,339,363]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBB005EFF41FE9DFF06FECB" box="[166,238,339,363]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">2</th>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFE9AFE9DFE72FECB" box="[381,410,339,363]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">12</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFDB4FE9DFD99FECB" box="[595,625,339,363]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">16</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFCCEFE9DFCAAFECB" box="[809,834,339,363]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">16</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFC19FE9DFBF5FECB" box="[1022,1053,339,363]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">60</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFB32FE9DFB1CFECB" box="[1237,1268,339,363]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354F6E57FFBB005EFF41FEB9FB1CFE2F" box="[166,1268,375,399]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBB005EFF41FEB9FF06FE2F" box="[166,238,375,399]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">3</th>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFE9AFEB9FE72FE2F" box="[381,410,375,399]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">12</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFDB4FEB9FD99FE2F" box="[595,625,375,399]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">16</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFCCEFEB9FCAAFE2F" box="[809,834,375,399]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">16</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFC19FEB9FBF5FE2F" box="[1022,1053,375,399]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">60</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFB32FEB9FB1CFE2F" box="[1237,1268,375,399]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354F6E57FFBB005EFF41FE55FB1CFE13" box="[166,1268,411,435]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<th id="769E072BFFBB005EFF41FE55FF06FE13" box="[166,238,411,435]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">4</th>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFE9AFE55FE72FE13" box="[381,410,411,435]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">12</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFDB4FE55FD99FE13" box="[595,625,411,435]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">16</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFCCEFE55FCAAFE13" box="[809,834,411,435]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">16</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFC19FE55FBF5FE13" box="[1022,1053,411,435]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">60</td>
|
||
<td id="769E072BFFBB005EFB32FE55FB1CFE13" box="[1237,1268,411,435]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF003C9DFFBBFFA7FF70F973FD85F8BE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581628" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581628/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" startId="6.[151,250,1725,1749]" targetBox="[156,1431,498,1701]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFBBFFA7FF70F973FD85F8BE" blockId="6.[151,1437,1725,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBBFFA7FF70F973FEFBF975" bold="true" box="[151,275,1725,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBBFFA7FE9FF973FD99F975" authority="Holiday" authorityName="Holiday" box="[376,625,1725,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBBFFA7FE9FF973FDFFF975" box="[376,535,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Clunio marinus</emphasis>
|
||
Holiday
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE) and premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as) and supra anal seta (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFBBFFA7FF70F8A1FBB0F829" blockId="6.[151,1112,1903,1930]" box="[151,1112,1903,1930]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<heading id="D088DB79FFBBFFA7FF70F8A1FBB0F829" bold="true" box="[151,1112,1903,1930]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBBFFA7FF70F8A1FBB0F829" bold="true" box="[151,1112,1903,1930]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
3. Polytene chromosomes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBBFFA7FDEBF8A1FCDFF829" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1855" box="[524,823,1903,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBBFFA7FDEBF8A1FD23F829" bold="true" box="[524,715,1903,1930]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Clunio marinus</emphasis>
|
||
Haliday
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lab. stock, Vigo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3682C85FFBBFFA7FBF7F8A1FBB0F829" box="[1040,1112,1903,1929]" name="Spain" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFBBFFA6FF70F879FC74FDBA" blockId="6.[151,1437,1975,2038]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,538]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
The chromosome set is 6. The characteristic sign of the species polytene chromosomes is a very low degree of polyteny and poor band structure. Very often pairing between different parts of one and the same chromosome is established. The position of centromeres is not possible to determine, the difficult spreading of the chromosome is obvious. The first chromosome carries a Nucleolar Organizer (NOR) and a Balbiani ring (BR) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FB18FF75FAB3FF75" box="[1279,1371,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[291,1296,182,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[291,1296,181,1901]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. A. Polytene chromosomes: I, II, III of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. Heterozygous inversion in chromosome III. Arrows indicate the markers of the chromosomes I and III. NOR—Nucleolar Organizer; BR—Balbiani Ring. B. Heterozygous inversion in chromosome III. Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581632" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581632/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The chromosome near to the Nucleolar Organizer (NOR) has a funnel-shaped extension, followed by a dark band, a marker of the chromosome. A dark band, indicated by arrow, defines a third chromosome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FB48FECDFAE3FEBD" box="[1199,1291,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[291,1296,182,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[291,1296,181,1901]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. A. Polytene chromosomes: I, II, III of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. Heterozygous inversion in chromosome III. Arrows indicate the markers of the chromosomes I and III. NOR—Nucleolar Organizer; BR—Balbiani Ring. B. Heterozygous inversion in chromosome III. Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581632" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581632/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A complex heterozygous inversion, found in 50% of the studied individuals, involving the telomere of the second chromosome was found. A complex heterozygous inversion (75%) was recorded on the third chromosome in three individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FF78FEA1FEC0FE29" box="[159,296,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[291,1296,182,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[291,1296,181,1901]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. A. Polytene chromosomes: I, II, III of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. Heterozygous inversion in chromosome III. Arrows indicate the markers of the chromosomes I and III. NOR—Nucleolar Organizer; BR—Balbiani Ring. B. Heterozygous inversion in chromosome III. Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581632" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581632/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Figs. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both inversions were also found in the species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3682C85FFBAFFA6FC79FEA1FBFBFE29" box="[926,1043,367,393]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Helgoland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE11E4FFBAFFA6FBC4FEA1FB01FE29" author="Michailova, P." box="[1059,1257,367,393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" pagination="417 - 432" refId="ref4526" refString="Michailova, P. (1980) A review of the European species of genus Clunio Haliday, 1855 (Diptera, Chironomidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 205 (5 / 6), 417 - 432." type="journal article" year="1980">Michailova 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, due to the lack of a clear band structure of the species from Vigo, it was not possible to make a detailed comparative cytogenetic analysis with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FE5AFE79FDD2FE70" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1855" box="[445,570,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FE5AFE79FDD2FE70" box="[445,570,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C. marinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3682C85FFBAFFA6FD66FE79FD11FE71" box="[641,761,439,465]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Helgoland</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is possible to have cytogenetic differentiation, shown by fixed homozygous inversions, as has been found in species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FC34FE15FAE7FE55" authority="Meigen (1803)" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[979,1295,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FC34FE15FBB4FE55" box="[979,1116,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Chironomus</emphasis>
|
||
Meigen (1803)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or different populations of the same species of that genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE11E4FFBAFFA6FD47FE31FC78FDBA" author="Kiknadze, I. I. & Istomina, A. & Goligina, V. & Gunderina, L." box="[672,912,511,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" refId="ref4480" refString="Kiknadze, I. I., Istomina, A., Goligina, V. & Gunderina, L. (2016) Karyotypes of Palearctic and Holarctic species of the genus Chironomus. GEO, Novosibirsk, 490 pp." type="book" year="2016">
|
||
Kiknadze
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FCF3FE31FCA4FDB9" box="[788,844,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF003C9DFFBAFFA6FF70FB67FE63FB45" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581630" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581630/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" startId="7.[151,250,1193,1217]" targetBox="[158,1429,561,1169]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFBAFFA6FF70FB67FE63FB45" blockId="7.[151,1436,1193,1253]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FF70FB67FEFBFB61" bold="true" box="[151,275,1193,1217]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FE66FB67FD90FB61" authority="Holiday" authorityName="Holiday" box="[385,632,1193,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FE66FB67FDF7FB61" box="[385,543,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Clunio marinus</emphasis>
|
||
Holiday
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Clypeus and frontal apotome with setae S3 to S5. Scale bar, 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFBAFFA8FF20FADDFD4BFF75" blockId="7.[151,1437,1299,2010]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,1401]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">
|
||
When we compare the external morphology of the larvae with those of other species we found the following differences: Median tooth of mentum is rounded and smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FCAAFAF9FC4BFAF1" box="[845,931,1335,1361]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1939,1963]" captionTargetBox="[223,1365,181,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[222,1365,179,1914]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581620/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
, this study), triangular apically in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FAC4FAF9FA75FAF1" box="[1315,1437,1335,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FAC4FAF9FA75FAF1" box="[1315,1437,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C. balticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Moubayed-Breil & Michailova 2020,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FDA8FA95FD4FFAD5" box="[591,679,1371,1397]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1115,1139]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1092]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[152,1435,181,1092]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Larvae of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Clypeus and frontal apotome with setae S1 to S5. Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581624/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
), sub-triangular to rounded apically in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FB83FA95FB0AFAD5" box="[1124,1250,1371,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FB83FA95FB9FFAD5" box="[1124,1143,1371,1397]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FB61FA92FB0AFAD5" box="[1158,1250,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">marinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE11E4FFBAFFA6FB16FA95FA70FAD5" author="Strenzke, K." box="[1265,1432,1371,1397]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref4802" refString="Strenzke, K. (1960) Metamorphose und verwadtschaftsbeziehungen der gattung Clunio Hal. (Dipt.). Terrestrische Chironomidae XXIV. Annales Zoologigi Societatis Zoologigae Botanicae Fennicae ' Vasamo', 22 (4), 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1960">Strenzke 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 31), semi-circular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FE50FAB1FD91FA39" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1966" box="[439,633,1407,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediterraneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FE50FAB1FE22FA39" box="[439,458,1407,1433]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FE30FAB1FD91FA39" box="[471,633,1407,1433]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">mediterraneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE11E4FFBAFFA6FD6FFAB1FCDCFA39" author="Tasdemir, A." box="[648,820,1407,1433]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" pagination="39 - 43" refId="ref4844" refString="Tasdemir, A. (2010) Clunio Haliday, 1855: A new chironomid genus for Turkey (Diptera, Chironomidae). Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 12 (3), 39 - 43." type="journal article" year="2010">Tasdemir 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FCD8FAB1FC6BFA39" box="[831,899,1407,1433]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,183,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[199,1389,181,1924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581626/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), sub-trapezoidal in
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FB8EFAB1FB94FA39" box="[1129,1148,1407,1433]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. 1 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE11E4FFBAFFA6FB29FAB1FA70FA39" author="Abdelsalam, K. M." box="[1230,1432,1407,1433]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" pagination="39 - 47" refId="ref4236" refString="Abdelsalam, K. M. (2017) The genus Clunio Haliday, 1855 from Egypt (Hurghada, Red Sea) with a description of the larva of Clunio sp. 1 (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Polish Journal of Entomology, 86, 39 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / pjen- 2017 - 0003" type="journal article" year="2017">Abdelsalam 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FF70FA6DFF33FA1E" box="[151,219,1443,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,498,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-121@6.[156,1431,497,1701]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE) and premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as) and supra anal seta (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581628/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
); widely domed and rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FDABFA6DFD25FA1D" authorityName="Michailova" authorityYear="1980" box="[588,717,1443,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FDABFA6DFD25FA1D" box="[588,717,1443,1469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C. ponticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Moubayed-Breil
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FC78FA6AFC39FA1D" box="[927,977,1443,1469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020, Fig. 11B); Seta subdentalis triangular, reaching almost the middle part of the last tooth; or triangular, reaching the tip of the last tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FADDFA09FA74FA41" box="[1338,1436,1479,1505]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1939,1963]" captionTargetBox="[223,1365,181,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[222,1365,179,1914]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581620/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FF2FFA25FF05F9A5" box="[200,237,1515,1541]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,183,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[199,1389,181,1924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581626/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
, this study). The seta subdentalis long and sharpened to the apex, reaching the last (posterior) tooth as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FF70F9C1FEE1F989" box="[151,265,1551,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FF70F9C1FEE1F989" box="[151,265,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C.balticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Moubayed-Breil & Michailova 2020,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FD25F9C1FCF2F989" box="[706,794,1551,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1115,1139]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1092]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[152,1435,181,1092]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Larvae of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Clypeus and frontal apotome with setae S1 to S5. Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581624/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FCC8F9C1FC46F989" authorityName="Michailova" authorityYear="1980" box="[815,942,1551,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FCC8F9C1FC46F989" box="[815,942,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C. ponticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Moubayed-Breil
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FB99F9DEFB46F989" box="[1150,1198,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020, Fig. 11A) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FF70F9FDFEFDF9ED" box="[151,277,1587,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FF70F9FDFEFDF9ED" box="[151,277,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C. marinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE11E4FFBAFFA6FEC3F9FDFE23F9ED" author="Strenzke, K." box="[292,459,1587,1613]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref4802" refString="Strenzke, K. (1960) Metamorphose und verwadtschaftsbeziehungen der gattung Clunio Hal. (Dipt.). Terrestrische Chironomidae XXIV. Annales Zoologigi Societatis Zoologigae Botanicae Fennicae ' Vasamo', 22 (4), 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1960">Strenzke 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 29),
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FDD8F9FDFDBAF9ED" box="[575,594,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. 1 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE11E4FFBAFFA6FD41F9FDFC99F9ED" author="Abdelsalam, K. M." box="[678,881,1587,1613]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" pagination="39 - 47" refId="ref4236" refString="Abdelsalam, K. M. (2017) The genus Clunio Haliday, 1855 from Egypt (Hurghada, Red Sea) with a description of the larva of Clunio sp. 1 (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Polish Journal of Entomology, 86, 39 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / pjen- 2017 - 0003" type="journal article" year="2017">Abdelsalam 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 8). Blade, reaching apex of 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C0AC15DFFBAFFA6FB1DF9FDFAEFF9E1" attach="left" box="[1274,1287,1587,1601]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">th</superScript>
|
||
segment and it’s style reaching the apex of 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C0AC15DFFBAFFA6FE13F999FDEAF9C5" attach="left" box="[500,514,1623,1637]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">rd</superScript>
|
||
segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FD92F999FD23F9D1" box="[629,715,1623,1649]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1939,1963]" captionTargetBox="[223,1365,181,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[222,1365,179,1914]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581620/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
, this study), or reaching proximal half of 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C0AC15DFFBAFFA6FB4CF999FB50F9C5" attach="left" box="[1195,1208,1623,1637]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">th</superScript>
|
||
segment; segment 2 with style reaching one third of the fourth segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FD05F9B5FCD2F935" box="[738,826,1659,1685]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,183,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[199,1389,181,1924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581626/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
, this study); it reaches one third of the fourth segment and the style reaches the base of segment
|
||
<quantity id="4C87C1F0FFBAFFA6FD94F951FD77F919" box="[627,671,1695,1721]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FD40F951FCCAF919" box="[679,802,1695,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FD40F951FCCAF919" box="[679,802,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C. balticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Moubayed- Breil & Michailova 2020,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FB0FF951FAA8F919" box="[1256,1344,1695,1721]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1115,1139]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1092]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[152,1435,181,1092]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Larvae of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Clypeus and frontal apotome with setae S1 to S5. Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581624/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
); reaching the apex of 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C0AC15DFFBAFFA6FEB3F90DFE89F971" attach="left" box="[340,353,1731,1745]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">th</superScript>
|
||
antennal segment and the style reaching end of segment
|
||
<quantity id="4C87C1F0FFBAFFA6FC06F90DFBE5F97D" box="[993,1037,1731,1757]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FBF3F90DFB7BF97D" authorityName="Michailova" authorityYear="1980" box="[1044,1171,1731,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FBF3F90DFB7BF97D" box="[1044,1171,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C. ponticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Moubayed-Breil
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FA83F90AFA75F97D" box="[1380,1437,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020, Fig. 11C), reaching proximal half of 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C0AC15DFFBAFFA6FD67F929FD65F955" attach="left" box="[640,653,1767,1781]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">th</superScript>
|
||
segment in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FCF6F929FC65F8A1" box="[785,909,1767,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FCF6F929FCCCF8A1" box="[785,804,1767,1793]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FCD6F926FC65F8A1" box="[817,909,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">marinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FC26F929FC3CF8A1" box="[961,980,1767,1793]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C</emphasis>
|
||
. sp.1 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE11E4FFBAFFA6FBFBF929FB28F8A1" author="Strenzke, K." box="[1052,1216,1767,1793]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref4802" refString="Strenzke, K. (1960) Metamorphose und verwadtschaftsbeziehungen der gattung Clunio Hal. (Dipt.). Terrestrische Chironomidae XXIV. Annales Zoologigi Societatis Zoologigae Botanicae Fennicae ' Vasamo', 22 (4), 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1960">Strenzke 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FB2DF929FAE5F8A1" box="[1226,1293,1767,1793]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,181,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-16@3.[161,1425,181,1492]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab.stock, Spain, Vigo.A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE), premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Clypeus with setae SI and SII and premandible (Pm); D. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as), and supra anal setae (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581622/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE11E4FFBAFFA6FAF0F929FF3AF885" author="Abdelsalam, K. M." pageId="7" pageNumber="170" pagination="39 - 47" refId="ref4236" refString="Abdelsalam, K. M. (2017) The genus Clunio Haliday, 1855 from Egypt (Hurghada, Red Sea) with a description of the larva of Clunio sp. 1 (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Polish Journal of Entomology, 86, 39 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / pjen- 2017 - 0003" type="journal article" year="2017">Abdelsalam 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FF38F8C5FECAF886" box="[223,290,1803,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,498,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-121@6.[156,1431,497,1701]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE) and premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as) and supra anal seta (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581628/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), reaching segment
|
||
<quantity id="4C87C1F0FFBAFFA6FDEFF8C5FDDDF885" box="[520,565,1803,1830]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FDDAF8C5FCE9F885" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1966" box="[573,769,1803,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediterraneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FDDAF8C5FDB8F885" box="[573,592,1803,1829]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FDB8F8C5FCE9F885" box="[607,769,1803,1829]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">mediterraneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE11E4FFBAFFA6FCF7F8C5FC55F885" author="Tasdemir, A." box="[784,957,1803,1829]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" pagination="39 - 43" refId="ref4844" refString="Tasdemir, A. (2010) Clunio Haliday, 1855: A new chironomid genus for Turkey (Diptera, Chironomidae). Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 12 (3), 39 - 43." type="journal article" year="2010">Tasdemir 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FC2DF8C5FBE6F885" box="[970,1038,1803,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1115,1139]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1092]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[152,1435,181,1092]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Larvae of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Clypeus and frontal apotome with setae S1 to S5. Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581624/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); Clypeus light, almost trapezoidal with weak granulation on both sides near to the posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FC88F8E1FC2FF8E9" box="[879,967,1839,1865]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1115,1139]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,182,1092]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[152,1435,181,1092]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Larvae of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. A. Clypeus and frontal apotome with setae S1 to S5. Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581624/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
, this study) or with distinct granulation on both sides to the posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FDF8F89DFD91F8CD" box="[543,633,1875,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1193,1217]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,561,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-201@7.[158,1429,561,1169]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Larvae of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Clypeus and frontal apotome with setae S3 to S5. Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581630/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
, this study), trapezoidal with weak granulation present close to the area of S
|
||
<quantity id="4C87C1F0FFBAFFA6FF22F8B9FF19F831" box="[197,241,1911,1937]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FF1FF8B9FE9AF831" box="[248,370,1911,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FF1FF8B9FE9AF831" box="[248,370,1911,1937]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C. balticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Moubayed-Breil & Michailova 2020,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FCCAF8B9FC6EF831" box="[813,902,1911,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,183,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[199,1389,181,1924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581626/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
), trapezoidal with wide posterior margin, dense granulation present on both sides in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FDCCF855FD43F815" authorityName="Michailova" authorityYear="1980" box="[555,683,1947,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FDCCF855FD43F815" box="[555,683,1947,1973]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C. ponticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Moubayed-Breil
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FC9DF852FC43F815" box="[890,939,1947,1973]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020, Fig. 10); anal setae of parapods difficult to see (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FEF1F871FE86F879" box="[278,366,1983,2009]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,181,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-16@3.[161,1425,181,1492]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab.stock, Spain, Vigo.A. Pecten epipharyngis (PE), premandible (Pm); B. Maxilla with maxillary palp (mp) and lacinial chaetae (LCh); C. Clypeus with setae SI and SII and premandible (Pm); D. Caudal part with posterior parapods (pp), anal seta (as), and supra anal setae (ss). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581622/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
, this sudy), distinct in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FD8FF871FD09F879" box="[616,737,1983,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FD8FF871FD09F879" box="[616,737,1983,2009]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C. balticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Moubayed-Breil & Michailova 2020,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFBAFFA6FB71F871FB06F879" box="[1174,1262,1983,2009]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,183,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[199,1389,181,1924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581626/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
), in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFBAFFA6FAFAF871FA74F879" authorityName="Michailova" authorityYear="1980" box="[1309,1436,1983,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFBAFFA6FAFAF871FA74F879" box="[1309,1436,1983,2009]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C. ponticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Moubayed-Breil
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB4FFA8FE87FF59FE79FF11" box="[352,401,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020, Fig. 12C), in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFB4FFA8FD9CFF59FD1FFF10" box="[635,759,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB4FFA8FD9CFF59FD66FF11" box="[635,654,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB4FFA8FD7CFF59FD1FFF10" box="[667,759,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">marinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE11E4FFB4FFA8FCE2FF59FC43FF11" author="Strenzke, K." box="[773,939,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref4802" refString="Strenzke, K. (1960) Metamorphose und verwadtschaftsbeziehungen der gattung Clunio Hal. (Dipt.). Terrestrische Chironomidae XXIV. Annales Zoologigi Societatis Zoologigae Botanicae Fennicae ' Vasamo', 22 (4), 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1960">Strenzke 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 32),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFB4FFA8FBFBFF59FB37FF11" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1966" box="[1052,1247,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediterraneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB4FFA8FBFBFF59FBC7FF11" box="[1052,1071,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB4FFA8FBDAFF59FB37FF11" box="[1085,1247,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">mediterraneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE11E4FFB4FFA8FB0AFF59FA70FF11" author="Tasdemir, A." box="[1261,1432,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" pagination="39 - 43" refId="ref4844" refString="Tasdemir, A. (2010) Clunio Haliday, 1855: A new chironomid genus for Turkey (Diptera, Chironomidae). Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 12 (3), 39 - 43." type="journal article" year="2010">Tasdemir 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFB4FFA8FF70FF75FF32FF75" box="[151,218,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,183,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[199,1389,181,1924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581626/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB4FFA8FEFFFF75FEC3FF75" box="[280,299,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">C</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. 1 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE11E4FFB4FFA8FE9BFF75FDAEFF75" author="Abdelsalam, K. M." box="[380,582,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" pagination="39 - 47" refId="ref4236" refString="Abdelsalam, K. M. (2017) The genus Clunio Haliday, 1855 from Egypt (Hurghada, Red Sea) with a description of the larva of Clunio sp. 1 (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Polish Journal of Entomology, 86, 39 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / pjen- 2017 - 0003" type="journal article" year="2017">Abdelsalam 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13447090FFB4FFA8FDB6FF75FD7DFF75" box="[593,661,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,183,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[199,1389,181,1924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Larva of Clunio marinus Holiday, lab. stock, Germany, Helgoland. A. Mandible; B. Mentum with median and lateral teeth; C. Antenna: blade (bl), style (st); D. Premandible (Pm). Scale bar, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581626/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF003C9DFFB5FFA9FF70F84BFCC0F845" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581632" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581632" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6581632/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="171" startId="8.[151,250,1925,1949]" targetBox="[291,1296,182,1901]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFB5FFA9FF70F84BFCC0F845" blockId="8.[151,1437,1925,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB5FFA9FF70F84BFEFBF83D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1925,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="171">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
A. Polytene chromosomes: I, II, III of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFB5FFA9FD78F84BFC7EF83D" authority="Holiday" authorityName="Holiday" box="[671,918,1925,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB5FFA9FD78F84BFCD5F83D" box="[671,829,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="171">Clunio marinus</emphasis>
|
||
Holiday
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lab. stock, Spain, Vigo. Heterozygous inversion in chromosome III. Arrows indicate the markers of the chromosomes I and III. NOR—Nucleolar Organizer; BR—Balbiani Ring. B. Heterozygous inversion in chromosome III. Scale bar, 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3653F9EFFB4FFA8FF20FF11FCEFFAD9" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFB4FFA8FF20FF11FC97FEC5" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">
|
||
The presented comparative analysis on the external morphology of the larva of different species of genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFB4FFA8FAB7FF11FA74FF59" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1855" box="[1360,1436,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB4FFA8FAB7FF11FA74FF59" box="[1360,1436,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">Clunio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows species-specific differences. This analysis shows a difference in the morphology of the mentum, in the length of seta-subdentalis of the mandible, in the length of antennal blade and style, the length of the antennal segments, the granulation on the clypeus, the reduced anal setae of parapods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFB4FFA8FF20FEA1FC98FCFD" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">
|
||
Our data from the cytogenetic analysis showed that individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFB4FFA8FC5FFEA1FBDEFE28" box="[952,1078,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB4FFA8FC5FFEA1FBDEFE28" box="[952,1078,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">C. marinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Spanish population have the same diploid chromosome set as those from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3682C85FFB4FFA8FD5DFE5DFCDAFE0D" box="[698,818,403,429]" name="Germany" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">Helgoland</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Also, they have a well expressed Nucleolar Organizer (NOR) and Balbiani ring (BR) located in the same chromosome. However, it is difficult to carry out a comparative analysis of band patterns of the polytene chromosome of individuals from both localities due to poor band patterns of individuals from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3682C85FFB4FFA8FE3AFE31FDC8FDB9" box="[477,544,511,537]" name="Spain" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The material for cytogenetic analysis is 20 generations old, which affects the band structure of the polytene chromosomes. During the prolonged culturing, cell physiology and morphology of polytene chromosomes could be changed significantly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE11E4FFB4FFA8FCEDFD89FC55FDC2" author="Zhimulev, I." box="[778,957,583,610]" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 311" refId="ref4884" refString="Zhimulev, I. (1996) Morphology and Structure of Polytene chromosomes. Advances in Genetics, 34, 1 - 311. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0065 - 2660 (08) 60533 - 7" type="journal article" year="1996">Zhimulev 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE11E4FFB4FFA8FC36FD89FB47FDC1" author="Kaiser, T. & Neumann, D. & Heckel, D. & Berndonk, Th." box="[977,1199,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" pagination="2845 - 2857" refId="ref4410" refString="Kaiser, T., Neumann, D., Heckel, D. & Berndonk, Th. (2010) Strong genetic differentiation and postglacial origin of populations in the marine midge Clunio marinus (Chironomidae, Diptera). Molecular Ecology, 19, 2845 - 2857. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2010.04706. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Kaiser
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB4FFA8FBC6FD89FBB2FDC1" box="[1057,1114,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA approaches, established that the nuclear genome is less differentiated. The mitochondrial genome is much more differentiated between different regions, but not within the regions. They found no
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB4FFA8FB1EFD41FF16FD6C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">
|
||
Cytochrome
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFB4FFA8FA6DFD41FF05FD6D" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxidase">C oxidase</taxonomicName>
|
||
I
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB4FFA8FEF6FD7DFEA9FD6D" box="[273,321,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">COI</emphasis>
|
||
) haplotypes shared among regions and suggested that the major barrier of gene flow between the regions is the geographic isolation. Important for this isolation is also the differences in emergence time of the adults between regions and local timing adaptations. These authors’ emphase that the long sandy stretches between the regions are additional strong geographic barriers to gene flow. According to the authors, larval dispersal between Europe’s major rocky coasts is probably an extremely rare event.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC06C15FFB4FFA8FF20FCA9FCEFFAD9" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">
|
||
Our analysis of larval morphology from two geographically distant regions (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3682C85FFB4FFA8FBD4FCA9FB9CFC21" box="[1075,1140,871,897]" name="Spain" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3682C85FFB4FFA8FB48FCA9FAF1FC21" box="[1199,1305,871,897]" name="Germany" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
) shows external morphological differentiation, which affected the morphology of the larva, including the morphology of the mentum, the length of antennal blade and stylus, the length of 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C0AC15DFFB4FFA8FCB4FC60FC89FC1C" attach="left" box="[851,865,942,956]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">rd</superScript>
|
||
and 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C0AC15DFFB4FFA8FC45FC60FC47FC1C" attach="left" box="[930,943,942,956]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">th</superScript>
|
||
antennal segments and the distance between mentum setae and the granulation on the clypeus. The larvae are adapted to the local conditions and they have constant population larval characters. The reason for this differentiation might lie in the peculiarities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFB4FFA8FAC7FC39FA74FBB0" box="[1312,1436,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB4FFA8FAC7FC39FA74FBB0" box="[1312,1436,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">C. marinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
biology. Females are wingless and males live a very short time. This limits gene flow between distant populations and hence each population evolves independently of the others. Every population adapts to the specific environmental conditions and the resulting changes affect different systems and structures. In this study, changes are observed at the morphological level of the larval stage.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE11E4FFB4FFA8FD46FB49FC7AFB01" author="Kaiser, T. & Neumann, D. & Heckel, D. & Berndonk, Th." box="[673,914,1159,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" pagination="2845 - 2857" refId="ref4410" refString="Kaiser, T., Neumann, D., Heckel, D. & Berndonk, Th. (2010) Strong genetic differentiation and postglacial origin of populations in the marine midge Clunio marinus (Chironomidae, Diptera). Molecular Ecology, 19, 2845 - 2857. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2010.04706. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Kaiser’s
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB4FFA8FCE1FB49FCD1FB01" box="[774,825,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studies on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F1796FFB4FFA8FBF3FB49FB7AFB00" box="[1044,1170,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Clunio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BB007FFB4FFA8FBF3FB49FB7AFB00" box="[1044,1170,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">C. marinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from these populations showed differentiation in the mitochondrial genome and there may be differentiation at the cytogenetic level also, mainly the presence of homozygous inversions as post-mating isolating mechanisms. However, the poor structure of the polytene chromosomes of the Spanish population does not allow a detailed comparative cytogenetic analysis with the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3682C85FFB4FFA8FF1EFAD9FE86FA91" box="[249,366,1303,1329]" name="Germany" pageId="9" pageNumber="172">Helgoland</collectingCountry>
|
||
population. Our study shows differentiation at the morphological level, which affects the external morphology of the larva. Therefore, there is a differentiation at different levels of biological organization, both at the morphological and at the molecular genetic level.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |