186 lines
22 KiB
XML
186 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="34335241E77E92874C63392E9E2C73C5" ID-CLB-Dataset="6390" ID-DOI="10.5252/g2014n4a4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8bc26961-9853-4113-a63d-4cf691aa7100" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4538625" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613150850454" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Vianey-Liaud, Monique, Comte, Bernard, Marandat, Bernard, Peigné, Stéphane, Rage, Jean-Claude & Sudre, Jean" docDate="2014" docId="03D6987B445BB107FF2E15C4FE6AE6E5" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.36.4.565-622.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 36 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2014n4a4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F8AA0CB5AB58FB1C1EB3E4696C1B2D36.3:Geodiversitas.2013-2014.journal_article" docStyleId="F8AA0CB5AB58FB1C1EB3E4696C1B2D36" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2013-2014.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Lophiomeryx chalaniati Pomel 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="608" masterDocId="FFEFE0034471B12CFF8F106FFF81E50F" masterDocTitle="A new early Late Oligocene (MP 26) continental vertebrate fauna from Saint-Privat-des-Vieux (Alès Basin, Gard, Southern France)" masterLastPageNumber="622" masterPageNumber="565" pageNumber="607" updateTime="1698929460103" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="105459871121B71B444195D3370F825D">A new early Late Oligocene (MP 26) continental vertebrate fauna from Saint-Privat-des-Vieux (Alès Basin, Gard, Southern France)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CAE31918838877FABA857D89094DBEAB">Vianey-Liaud, Monique</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="52EF0FC92024DD387F23EFDC175D55B0">Comte, Bernard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8CF7427D1D8E72020EED28F15C9D4923">Marandat, Bernard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A62E54D83A8AECBE1E01E3E2F77CB115">Peigné, Stéphane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3DCD99BF916A085FCBB3B15B987D985E">Rage, Jean-Claude</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FB588CE1205F6EB513784744F626FA0D">Sudre, Jean</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="11E9353186DB33C1FACC495CC6055FE3">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CD8E55A944346CB3C74110ABFED4B449">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="307CF06C77E76204FC210ADFBAA0A1BA">2014-12-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EE5DEBFC37F98EF9DBACE90999DEFDD6">36</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7647807BDBFF9D91B00872BFA28CE204" type="DOI">10.5252/g2014n4a4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D6987B445BB107FF2E15C4FE6AE6E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4837408" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182405859" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4837408" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D6987B445BB107FF2E15C4FE6AE6E5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D6987B445BB107FF2E15C4FE6AE6E5" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="608" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">
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<subSubSection id="C3657AE6445BB106FF2E15C4FDD7E0C9" box="[161,598,1451,1478]" pageId="42" pageNumber="607" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC0296D445BB106FF2E15C4FDD7E0C9" blockId="42.[161,598,1451,1478]" box="[161,598,1451,1478]" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">
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<heading id="D0889E01445BB106FF2E15C4FDD7E0C9" box="[161,598,1451,1478]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="607" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F52EE445BB106FF2E15C4FDD7E0C9" authority="Pomel, 1854" authorityName="Pomel" authorityYear="1854" box="[161,598,1451,1478]" class="Mammalia" family="Lophiomerycidae" genus="Lophiomeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="42" pageNumber="607" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalaniati">
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<emphasis id="B90BF57F445BB106FF2E15C4FEAFE0C9" bold="true" box="[161,302,1451,1478]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">Lophiomeryx</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B90BF57F445BB106FED915C4FE45E0C9" bold="true" box="[342,452,1451,1478]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">chalaniati</emphasis>
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Pomel, 1854
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3657AE6445BB106FFFE158AFD06E318" pageId="42" pageNumber="607" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC0296D445BB106FFFE158AFD06E318" blockId="42.[113,647,1508,1559]" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED
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<collectionCode id="ED6EB1A8445BB106FEBF1585FED6E0F4" box="[304,343,1514,1531]" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">AND</collectionCode>
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MEASUREMENTS (in mm). — One left P4: 10.4 × 10.7; one left p3, 12.6 × 5; talus, L
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<emphasis id="B90BF57F445BB106FDDC166FFDE0E318" box="[595,609,1536,1559]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">=</emphasis>
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61.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3657AE6445BB107FFFE1625FE6AE6E5" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="608" pageId="42" pageNumber="607" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC0296D445BB106FFFE1625FE55E36D" blockId="42.[113,648,1610,1700]" box="[113,468,1610,1636]" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISONS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC0296D445BB106FFFE1605FD09E3AC" blockId="42.[113,648,1610,1700]" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">Ŋe P4, almost as long as wide, is remarked by its incipient molarization.Indeed, on the flat but slightly</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC0296D445BB106FD2D137CFB98E047" blockId="42.[674,1211,786,1699]" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">
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concave ectoloph, the outer cusp begins to divide. Ŋe postprotocrista shows a particularly clear median bifurcation.Ŋe anterior cingulum is short and strong. Ŋe posterior cingulum, very strong also, stands up to the mid of the posprotocrista. Size and morphology of this specimen are the closest to those of the P4 of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F52EE445BB106FD2A13BFFC2AE6E5" authorityName="Pomel" authorityYear="1854" box="[677,939,976,1002]" class="Mammalia" family="Lophiomerycidae" genus="Lophiomeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="42" pageNumber="607" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalaniati">
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<emphasis id="B90BF57F445BB106FD2A13BFFCA7E6E5" box="[677,806,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">Lophiomeryx</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B90BF57F445BB106FCC813BFFC2AE6E5" box="[839,939,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">chalaniati</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Le Garouillas (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE549C445BB106FBF313BFFD5BE104" author="SUDRE J." pageId="42" pageNumber="607" pagination="205 - 256" refId="ref35192" refString="SUDRE J. 1995. - Le Garouillas et les sites contemporains (Oligocene, MP 25) des phosphorites du Quercy (Lot, Tarn-et-Garonne, France) et leurs faunes de Vertebres. 12. Les artiodactyles. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 236: 205 - 256." type="journal article" year="1995">Sudre 1995</bibRefCitation>
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).Among the rich material from this locality,some P4 show an early bifurcation of the postprotocrista, and a beginning of division of the outer cusp. However, none has a degree of molarization as advanced as that observed on the tooth of Saint-Privat-des-Vieux. Ŋis morphology is unknown in other selenodont artiodactyls from the mid-Oligocene confirming the more derived state of this form.Ŋe p3,very elongated and provided with a longitudinal ridge, has morphol - ogy consistent with that of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F52EE445BB106FC301561FBDEE028" authorityName="Pomel" authorityYear="1854" box="[959,1119,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Lophiomerycidae" genus="Lophiomeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="42" pageNumber="607" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalaniati">
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<emphasis id="B90BF57F445BB106FC301561FC57E028" box="[959,982,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">L.</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B90BF57F445BB106FC741562FBDEE028" box="[1019,1119,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">chalaniati</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Le Garouillas (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE549C445BB106FC941542FC19E048" author="SUDRE J." box="[795,920,1324,1351]" pageId="42" pageNumber="607" pagination="205 - 256" refId="ref35192" refString="SUDRE J. 1995. - Le Garouillas et les sites contemporains (Oligocene, MP 25) des phosphorites du Quercy (Lot, Tarn-et-Garonne, France) et leurs faunes de Vertebres. 12. Les artiodactyles. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 236: 205 - 256." type="journal article" year="1995">Sudre 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 14a, b).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC0296D445BB107FD341522FDBEE720" blockId="42.[674,1211,786,1699]" lastBlockId="43.[111,649,216,1003]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="608" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">
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A calcaneus is also reported to this form (
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<figureCitation id="134435E8445BB106FBEF1523FB2DE068" box="[1120,1196,1356,1383]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[113,124,650,668]" captionTargetBox="[272,1051,215,609]" captionTargetId="figure-439@42.[531,791,372,451]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 16. — Right calcaneus of Lophiomeryx cf. chalaniati Pomel, 1853, from Saint-Privat-des-Vieux (Gard; Lower Chattian, MP 26), SPV700. A, lateral side; B, dorsal aspect; C, medial side. Abbreviations: ef, ectal facet; cc, caput calcanei; ssp, sustentacular pro- cess. Scale bar: 2.5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538661/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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). Ŋe body is massive with a wide
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<emphasis id="B90BF57F445BB106FC6C1502FBEBE089" box="[995,1130,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">caput calcanei</emphasis>
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and the
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<emphasis id="B90BF57F445BB106FD2D15E3FCD4E0A9" box="[674,853,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">sustentaculum tali</emphasis>
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projecting medially and very thick rearwardly; the tendinous slide is flat medio-laterally and rounded dorsoventrally. Ŋe morphology of the surface suggests the important role of the
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<emphasis id="B90BF57F445BB106FBCA1584FB36E30A" box="[1093,1207,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">tensio flexor</emphasis>
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of the phalanges. Ŋis is a configuration similar to that observed in the calcaneus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F52EE445BB106FC721645FB01E34B" authorityName="Pomel" authorityYear="1853" box="[1021,1152,1578,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Lophiomerycidae" genus="Lophiomeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="42" pageNumber="607" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90BF57F445BB106FC721645FB01E34B" box="[1021,1152,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">Lophiomeryx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Le Garouillas (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE549C445BB106FCCF1625FC74E36B" author="SUDRE J." box="[832,1013,1610,1637]" pageId="42" pageNumber="607" pagination="205 - 256" refId="ref35192" refString="SUDRE J. 1995. - Le Garouillas et les sites contemporains (Oligocene, MP 25) des phosphorites du Quercy (Lot, Tarn-et-Garonne, France) et leurs faunes de Vertebres. 12. Les artiodactyles. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 236: 205 - 256." type="journal article" year="1995">Sudre 1995: 231</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 16), the latter being slightly smaller (L mean
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<emphasis id="B90BF57F445BB106FC6C1605FC72E38C" box="[995,1011,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="607">=</emphasis>
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<quantity id="4C878488445BB106FC771606FBDDE38B" box="[1016,1116,1641,1668]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.86" pageId="42" pageNumber="607" unit="mm" value="58.6">58.6 mm</quantity>
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); the size of the specimen from Saint-Privat-des-Vieux exceeds the maximum value recorded in the form of Le Garouillas. On the basis of the material of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F52EE445AB107FD8A1097FD07E41E" authorityName="Pomel" authorityYear="1854" box="[517,646,247,273]" class="Mammalia" family="Lophiomerycidae" genus="Lophiomeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="43" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalaniati">
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<emphasis id="B90BF57F445AB107FD8A1097FD07E41E" box="[517,646,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="608">L. chalaniati</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Le Garouillas, the distal ends of the appendicular skeleton of this species show short and robust metapodials, and metatarsals nearly as long as the metacarpals (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE549C445AB107FE8E1119FE04E49E" author="SUDRE J." box="[257,389,374,401]" pageId="43" pageNumber="608" pagination="205 - 256" refId="ref35192" refString="SUDRE J. 1995. - Le Garouillas et les sites contemporains (Oligocene, MP 25) des phosphorites du Quercy (Lot, Tarn-et-Garonne, France) et leurs faunes de Vertebres. 12. Les artiodactyles. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 236: 205 - 256." type="journal article" year="1995">Sudre 1995</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Ŋese features characterize a walking animal, and the species is probably dependent on soft soils, close to aquatic environments (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE549C445AB107FFF911BAFE96E4FF" author="TROFIMOV B. A." box="[118,279,469,496]" pageId="43" pageNumber="608" pagination="137 - 141" refId="ref35468" refString="TROFIMOV B. A. 1957. - Nouvelles donnees sur les Ruminantia les plus anciens d'Asie. Cursillos y Conferiences del Instituto " Lucas Mallada " 4: 137 - 141." type="journal article" year="1957">Trofimov 1957</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE549C445AB107FEAF11BAFE2EE4E0" author="BLONDEL C." box="[288,431,469,495]" pageId="43" pageNumber="608" pagination="527 - 532" refId="ref31631" refString="BLONDEL C. 1998. - Le squelette appendiculaire de sept ruminants oligocenes d'Europe: implications paleoecologiques. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Sciences 326: 527 - 532." type="journal article" year="1998">Blondel 1998</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Ŋe paleoecological study of the fauna from Le Garouillas suggests such an environmental context (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE549C445AB107FE01127AFDB2E720" author="LEGENDRE S." box="[398,563,532,559]" pageId="43" pageNumber="608" pagination="327 - 343" refId="ref33685" refString="LEGENDRE S. 1995. - Le Garouillas et les sites contemporains (Oligocene MP 25) des phosphorites du Quercy (Lot, Tarn et Garonne, France) et leurs faunes de vertebres: 14 - Paleoecologie. Palaeontographica A 236: 327 - 343." type="journal article" year="1995">Legendre 1995</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC0296D445AB107FF07125BFDBBE7C2" blockId="43.[111,649,216,1003]" pageId="43" pageNumber="608">
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With regard to the largest mammals known from Saint-Privat-des-Vieux, we can estimate the weight of the animal as about
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<quantity id="4C878488445AB107FEE1121CFE2DE781" box="[366,428,627,654]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="608" unit="kg" value="25.0">25 kg</quantity>
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if one refers to that established for
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F52EE445AB107FE9E12FBFE37E7A2" authorityName="Pomel" authorityYear="1854" box="[273,438,659,685]" class="Mammalia" family="Lophiomerycidae" genus="Lophiomeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="43" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalaniati">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BF57F445AB107FE9E12FBFEA9E7A2" box="[273,296,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="608">L.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BF57F445AB107FEC012FCFE37E7A2" box="[335,438,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="608">chalaniati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Le Garouillas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE549C445AB107FFF712DCFE9CE7C1" author="LEGENDRE S." box="[120,285,691,718]" pageId="43" pageNumber="608" pagination="327 - 343" refId="ref33685" refString="LEGENDRE S. 1995. - Le Garouillas et les sites contemporains (Oligocene MP 25) des phosphorites du Quercy (Lot, Tarn et Garonne, France) et leurs faunes de vertebres: 14 - Paleoecologie. Palaeontographica A 236: 327 - 343." type="journal article" year="1995">Legendre 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE549C445AB107FEA612DCFDAFE7C2" author="MARTINEZ J. N. & SUDRE J." box="[297,558,691,717]" pageId="43" pageNumber="608" pagination="197 - 209" refId="ref33909" refString="MARTINEZ J. N. & SUDRE J. 1997. - Ne astragalus of Paleogene artiodactyls: comparative morphology, variability and prediction of body mass. Lethaia 28: 197 - 209." type="journal article" year="1997">Martinez & Sudre 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC0296D445AB107FF0712BCFE6AE6E5" blockId="43.[111,649,216,1003]" pageId="43" pageNumber="608">
|
||
Ŋe chronological extension of the lineage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F52EE445AB107FFFC129DFF76E603" authorityName="Pomel" authorityYear="1853" box="[115,247,754,780]" class="Mammalia" family="Lophiomerycidae" genus="Lophiomeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="43" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BF57F445AB107FFFC129DFF76E603" box="[115,247,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="608">Lophiomeryx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, initiated at the beginning of the Oligocene (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F52EE445AB107FF5D137CFEEBE623" authorityName="Brunet & Sudre" authorityYear="1987" box="[210,362,786,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Lophiomerycidae" genus="Lophiomeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="43" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mouchelini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BF57F445AB107FF5D137CFEEBE623" box="[210,362,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="608">L. mouchelini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, at Villebramar, MP 21;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE549C445AB107FFFB135DFED8E643" author="BRUNET M. & SUDRE J." box="[116,345,818,844]" pageId="43" pageNumber="608" pagination="225 - 242" refId="ref31952" refString="BRUNET M. & SUDRE J. 1987. - Evolution et systematique du genre Lophiomeryx Pomel, 1853 (Mammalia, Artiodactyla). Munchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen A 10: 225 - 242." type="journal article" year="1987">Brunet& Sudre 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) lasts up to the level MP 28. Ŋe last representative of the lineage is known from the site of Pech-Desse (MP 28a;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE549C445AB107FE33131EFDCFE683" author="BLONDEL C." box="[444,590,881,908]" pageId="43" pageNumber="608" refId="ref31526" refString="BLONDEL C. 1996. - Les ongules a la limite Eocene / Oligocene et au cours de l'Oligocene en Europe occidentale: analyses faunistiques, morpho-anatomiques et biogeochimiques (d 13 C et d 18 O). Implications sur la reconstitution des paleoenvironnements. Unpublished PHD thesis, University Montpellier 2, France, 119 p. and appendices A 1 - A 24." type="book" year="1996">Blondel 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Ŋe dental elements referred to the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F52EE445AB107FD9413FEFD05E6A4" authorityName="Pomel" authorityYear="1854" box="[539,644,913,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Lophiomerycidae" genus="Lophiomeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="43" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalaniati">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BF57F445AB107FD9413FEFD05E6A4" box="[539,644,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="608">chalaniati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from localities more recent than Le Garouillas does not allow meaningful comparisons.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |