322 lines
42 KiB
XML
322 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="58BC1BADFC5FC8D1BC36D8204AEF8D4E">Two new Tytthoscincus Linkem, Diesmos, & Brown (Squamata; Scincidae) from Peninsular Malaysia and another case of microsyntopy between ecologically specialized, unrelated, leaf-litter species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F7876C386F57C1ABCB6134016EE7A449">Grismer, L. Lee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="910EE0428762E04979B47B7BCEE8AA17">Wood Jr, Perry L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="40979A77740B1843EDE6B5BB8F7D8FF7">Ahmad, Amirrudin B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F2A2FEE2084F039BE6DA6F7E15B63B0B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1A78C8007A7B0DECF0B83C9D34006160">Baizul-Hafsyam, B. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B5B7F9E51037938427410A256AFB224D">Afiq-Shuhaimi, M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D2BDD770DAD7A76A3A34EF0B0F793E90">Rizal, Syed A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9EFAA98E14C273516A2E3235DF680A27">Quah, Evan S. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="15923F30D6E8CC6E10FE194066EDD28C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8220837B1B12F0AEAC833D57DFA8A9C2">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03D687D8FFA2FFE7FF2130C84488AC27" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5996641" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148684519" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5996641" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D687D8FFA2FFE7FF2130C84488AC27" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687D8FFA2FFE7FF2130C84488AC27" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">
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<paragraph id="8BC036CEFFA2FFE1FF2130C8460BACB9" blockId="11.[151,1185,1716,1811]" box="[151,559,1716,1742]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">
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<heading id="D08881A2FFA2FFE1FF2130C8460BACB9" bold="true" box="[151,559,1716,1742]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA2FFE1FF2130C8460BACB9" bold="true" box="[151,559,1716,1742]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D4DFFA2FFE1FF2130C845EFACB9" authority="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah, 2018" authorityName="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,459,1716,1742]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tytthoscincus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticolus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA2FFE1FF2130C845EFACB9" bold="true" box="[151,459,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">Tytthoscincus monticolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23857A7FFA2FFE1FE6430C8460BACB9" box="[466,559,1716,1742]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BC036CEFFA2FFE1FF2130AA4085AC98" blockId="11.[151,1185,1716,1811]" box="[151,1185,1750,1775]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">Suggetsed common names: Sungai Bubu Forest Skink and Mengkarung Hutan Sungai Bubu</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3656545FFA2FFE1FF21308644CFAD64" box="[151,235,1786,1811]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC036CEFFA2FFE1FF21308644CFAD64" blockId="11.[151,1185,1716,1811]" box="[151,235,1786,1811]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13442A4BFFA2FFE1FF29308644C7AD64" box="[159,227,1786,1811]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1507,1529]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1485]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,373,1485]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Upper: type specimen (LSUHC 13858) of Tytthoscincus monticolus sp. nov. collected from a hilly area near Sungai Bubu, Sekayu, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu State, Peninsular Malaysia. Photograph by A. B. Ahmad. Middle: type specimen (LSUHC 13859) of Tytthoscincus keciktuek sp. nov. collected along a small tributary of the Sungai Peres, Sekayu, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu State, Peninsular Malaysia. Photograph by A. B. Ahmad. Lower: Tytthoscincus butleri (LUSHC 13860) from a new lowland locality at Bukit Mertajam, Penang, Peninsular Malaysia. Photograph by E.S.H. Quah." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1456064/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3656545FFA2FFE1FF21313F4647ADD4" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC036CEFFA2FFE1FF21313F4647ADD4" blockId="11.[151,1436,1858,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">
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<materialsCitation id="3B173C93FFA2FFE1FF21313F4647ADD4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1915524892" collectingDate="2017-08-05" collectionCode="LSUHC" collectorName="M. Afiq-Shuhaimi & Baizul-Hafsyam B. S." country="Malaysia" county="Sekayu" elevation="174" latitude="4.971" location="Adult" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="102.9531" municipality="Sungai Bubu" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" specimenCode="LSUHC 13858" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Terengganu" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA2FFE1FF21313F452FAD2C" bold="true" box="[151,267,1859,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">
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<typeStatus id="54C4886CFFA2FFE1FF21313F4522AD2C" box="[151,262,1859,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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||
<location id="8EA06015FFA2FFE1FEA5313E4577AD2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D687D8FFA2FFE7FF2130C84488AC27:8EA06015FFA2FFE1FEA5313E4577AD2C" box="[275,339,1858,1883]" country="Malaysia" county="Sekayu" latitude="4.971" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="102.9531" municipality="Sungai Bubu" name="Adult" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" stateProvince="Terengganu">Adult</location>
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male (
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<specimenCode id="DBD99EB5FFA2FFE1FE14313F466BAD2C" box="[418,591,1858,1883]" collectionCode="LSUHC" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gc15-4qsc" name="La Sierra University, Herpetological Collection" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">LSUHC 13858</specimenCode>
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) collected from a hilly area near
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BA4ACB4FFA2FFE1FC7B313E4047AD2C" box="[973,1123,1858,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">Sungai Bubu</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62A14E42FFA2FFE1FBD9313E40E0AD2C" box="[1135,1220,1858,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">Sekayu</collectingCounty>
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, Hulu
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<collectingRegion id="49BBF82CFFA2FFE1FAA7313F41BCAD2C" box="[1297,1432,1859,1883]" country="Malaysia" name="Terengganu" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">Terengganu</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49BBF82CFFA2FFE1FF21311B453FAD08" box="[151,283,1895,1919]" country="Malaysia" name="Terengganu" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">Terengganu</collectingRegion>
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State, Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="F368765EFFA2FFE1FE5D311A4676AD08" box="[491,594,1894,1919]" name="Malaysia" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4B5009FFA2FFE1FDD5311B46F9AD09" box="[611,733,1895,1919]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" precision="5" value="4.971">4.9710° N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4B5009FFA2FFE1FD5C311A4758AD09" box="[746,892,1894,1919]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" precision="5" value="102.9531">102.9531° E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<elevation id="0052D1FDFFA2FFE1FC3C311B47F7AD09" box="[906,979,1895,1919]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7399999999999998" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="174.0">
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<quantity id="4C879B2BFFA2FFE1FC3C311B47F7AD09" box="[906,979,1895,1919]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7399999999999998" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="174.0">174 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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in elevation) by
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<collectorName id="268A5318FFA2FFE1FB2C311B414EAD08" box="[1178,1386,1894,1919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">M. Afiq-Shuhaimi</collectorName>
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and
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<collectorName id="268A5318FFA2FFE1FF2131F645A8ADD4" box="[151,396,1930,1955]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">Baizul-Hafsyam B. S.</collectorName>
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on
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<collectingDate id="EF85E9E6FFA2FFE1FE0031F64644ADD4" box="[438,608,1930,1955]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" value="2017-08-05">
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<date id="FFC1100EFFA2FFE1FE0031F64644ADD4" box="[438,608,1930,1955]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" value="2017-08-05">5 August 2017</date>
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</collectingDate>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3656545FFA2FFE6FF7131D24799AB37" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC036CEFFA2FFE6FF7131D24799AB37" blockId="11.[151,1436,1858,2027]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA2FFE1FF7131D2451EADB0" bold="true" box="[199,314,1966,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D4DFFA2FFE1FEF631D2467EADB0" authority="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah, 2018" authorityName="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah" authorityYear="2018" box="[320,602,1966,1991]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tytthoscincus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticolus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA2FFE1FEF631D2467EADB0" box="[320,602,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">Tytthoscincus monticolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23857A7FFA2FFE1FDD631D3469DADB0" box="[608,697,1967,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA2FFE1FDD631D3469DADB0" bold="true" box="[608,697,1967,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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can be differentiated from all other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D4DFFA2FFE1FB0931D24173ADB0" authorityName="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah" authorityYear="2018" box="[1215,1367,1966,1991]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tytthoscincus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA2FFE1FB0931D24173ADB0" box="[1215,1367,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="98">Tytthoscincus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the upland clade by having the combination of 8`1, superciliaries; a deeply set, unpigmented tympanum; enlarged pectoral scales; 31 midbody scale rows; 69 paravertebral scales; 68 ventral scales; keeled, subdigital lamellae; seven subdigital lamellae on the third finger; 12 subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe; EO/HL = 0.16; HL/SVL = 0.17; AXG/SVL = 0.55; FL/SVL = 0.22; HDL/SVL = 0.33; and a maximum SVL of
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<quantity id="4C879B2BFFA5FFE6FBC436A340FCAA80" box="[1138,1240,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.66" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="36.6">36.6 mm</quantity>
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(Tables 5,6). All characters are scored across all other
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D4DFFA5FFE6FDCA37784730AB6A" authorityName="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah" authorityYear="2018" box="[636,788,260,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tytthoscincus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA5FFE6FDCA37784730AB6A" box="[636,788,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="99">Tytthoscincus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D4DFFA5FFE6FC5837784086AB6A" box="[1006,1186,260,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Sphenomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA5FFE6FC5837784086AB6A" box="[1006,1186,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="99">Sphenomorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suspected of being
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D4DFFA5FFE6FF21375B4659AB37" authority="in Grismer et al. (2016 a: 237)" authorityName="in Grismer et al." authorityPageNumber="237" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,637,295,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tytthoscincus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA5FFE6FF21375B450BAB37" box="[151,303,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="99">Tytthoscincus</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B3FFFA5FFE6FEE5375B4662AB37" box="[339,582,295,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" refId="ref6372" refString="Grismer, L. L., Muin, M. A., wood, P. L., Anuar, S. & Linkem, C. w. (2016 a) The transfer of two clades of Malaysian Sphenomorphus Fitzinger (Squamata: Scinidae) into the genus Tytthoscincus Linkem, Diesmos, & Brown and the description of a new Malaysian swamp-dwelling species. Zootaxa, 4092 (2), 231 - 242. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4092.2.6" type="journal article">
|
||
Grismer
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA5FFE6FE03375545C9AB37" box="[437,493,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:237)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B3FFFA5FFE6FD02375B475BAB37" box="[692,895,295,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" refId="ref6982" refString="Karin, B. R., Das, I., & Bauer, A. M. (2016) Two new species of diminutive leaf-litter skinks (Squamata: Scincidae: Tytthoscincus) from Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Malaysia (northern Borneo). Zootaxa, 4093 (3), 407 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4093.3.7" type="journal article">
|
||
Karin
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA5FFE6FD4C37554717AB37" box="[762,819,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:416).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF006646FFA5FFE6FF21339F4106AC04" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1456064/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" startId="12.[151,250,1507,1529]" targetBox="[151,1436,373,1485]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036CEFFA5FFE6FF21339F4106AC04" blockId="12.[151,1436,1507,1651]" pageId="12" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA5FFE6FF21339F4532AF8E" bold="true" box="[151,278,1507,1529]" pageId="12" pageNumber="99">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Upper: type specimen (LSUHC 13858) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D4DFFA5FFE6FD52339F47C3AF8E" authority="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah, 2018" authorityName="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah" authorityYear="2018" box="[740,999,1507,1529]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tytthoscincus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA5FFE6FD52339F47C3AF8E" box="[740,999,1507,1529]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="99">Tytthoscincus monticolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23857A7FFA5FFE6FC47339F4061AF8E" box="[1009,1093,1507,1529]" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA5FFE6FC47339F4061AF8E" bold="true" box="[1009,1093,1507,1529]" pageId="12" pageNumber="99">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
collected from a hilly area near Sungai Bubu, Sekayu, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu State, Peninsular Malaysia. Photograph by A. B. Ahmad. Middle: type specimen (LSUHC 13859) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D4DFFA5FFE6FE78305C4699AC41" authority="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah, 2018" authorityName="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah" authorityYear="2018" box="[462,701,1568,1590]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tytthoscincus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keciktuek" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA5FFE6FE78305C4699AC41" box="[462,701,1568,1590]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="99">Tytthoscincus keciktuek</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23857A7FFA5FFE6FD73305C473CAC41" box="[709,792,1568,1590]" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA5FFE6FD73305C473CAC41" bold="true" box="[709,792,1568,1590]" pageId="12" pageNumber="99">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
collected along a small tributary of the Sungai Peres, Sekayu, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu State, Peninsular Malaysia. Photograph by A. B. Ahmad. Lower:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D4DFFA5FFE6FBD13043411FAC22" box="[1127,1339,1599,1621]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tytthoscincus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="butleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA5FFE6FBD13043411FAC22" box="[1127,1339,1599,1621]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="99">Tytthoscincus butleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LUSHC 13860) from a new lowland locality at Bukit Mertajam, Penang, Peninsular Malaysia. Photograph by E.S.H. Quah.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3656545FFA5FFE7FF7130E647B8A9F7" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036CEFFA5FFE7FF7130E645E3ABDA" blockId="12.[151,1437,1690,2004]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,1616]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="12" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA5FFE6FF7130E645C0ACC4" bold="true" box="[199,484,1690,1715]" pageId="12" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C4886CFFA5FFE6FEC030E745FBACC4" box="[374,479,1691,1715]" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male, SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B2BFFA5FFE6FD0730E74733ACC4" box="[689,791,1691,1716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.66" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="36.6">36.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; regenerated tail length
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B2BFFA5FFE6FB9530E740AEACC4" box="[1059,1162,1691,1715]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.94" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="29.4">29.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; axilla-groin length 20.0 mm; head length
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B2BFFA5FFE6FED830C245E9ACA0" box="[366,461,1726,1751]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head width
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B2BFFA5FFE6FDC630C346EBACA0" box="[624,719,1727,1751]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; rostral wider than long, in broad contact with frontonasal; frontonasal wider than long; prefrontals large, in broad contact on midline; frontal elongate, triangular, in contact with first two supraoculars; four supraoculars; frontoparietals in contact posterior to frontal, contacting second, third, and fourth supraoculars anterolaterally and parietals and interparietal posteriorly; interparietal diamondshaped, large, slightly projecting posteriorly, eyespot in posterior projection; parietals large, in medial contact posterior to interparietal, contacting fourth supraocular anteriorly; six nuchal scales; nasals small, widely separated, trapezoidal, contacting rostral anteriorly, frontonasal dorsally, loreal posteriorly, first supralabial ventrally; nostril in center of nasal; supranasals absent; loreal single; upper and lower preocular present; lower preocular followed by a series of seven suboculars; eight superciliaries, posterior superciliary elongate and projecting dorsomedially; two postoculars; one postsuperciliary; six supralabials, third, fourth, and fifth below eye; two postsupralabials; two primary temporals; four secondary temporals, uppermost contacting parietal; lower eyelid transparent, scaly, no enlarged central window; mental twice as wide as long; single, large postmental, contacting first infralabial on each side; two enlarged pairs of chin shields posterior to postmental, anterior pair contacting medially, posterior pair widely separated posteriorly by a single scale; anterior and posterior chinshield pairs contacting first, second, and third infralabials; five infralabials; external ear opening 1.0 mm, circular, lacking anterior lobules; and tympanum deeply set, non-pigmented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036CEFFA4FFE7FF7137CB45FAA8D0" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Body scales smooth, cycloid, imbricate; ventral scales slightly larger than dorsal scales; 31 longitudinal scale rows around midbody; 69 paravertebral scale rows; 68 ventral scale rows; slightly enlarged median precloacal scales overlapping outer precloacal scales; tail slightly compressed laterally; subcaudals slightly larger than dorsal caudals; limbs relatively robust, short (FL/SVL = 0.22; HDL/SVL = 0.33), widely separated when adpressed; scales of dorsal surfaces slightly larger than those of ventral and posterior surfaces; palmar and plantar scales raised; and digits moderate in length, scales on dorsal surfaces in single row, subdigital lamellae keeled, seven on third finger, 12 on fourth toe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036CEFFA4FFE7FF7134CF47B8A9F7" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FF7134CF45DDA8BB" bold="true" box="[199,505,691,716]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
|
||
Coloration in life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A4BFFA4FFE7FE1234CF45CEA8BB" box="[420,490,691,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1507,1529]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1485]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,373,1485]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Upper: type specimen (LSUHC 13858) of Tytthoscincus monticolus sp. nov. collected from a hilly area near Sungai Bubu, Sekayu, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu State, Peninsular Malaysia. Photograph by A. B. Ahmad. Middle: type specimen (LSUHC 13859) of Tytthoscincus keciktuek sp. nov. collected along a small tributary of the Sungai Peres, Sekayu, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu State, Peninsular Malaysia. Photograph by A. B. Ahmad. Lower: Tytthoscincus butleri (LUSHC 13860) from a new lowland locality at Bukit Mertajam, Penang, Peninsular Malaysia. Photograph by E.S.H. Quah." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1456064/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Overall dorsal ground color of head, body, limbs, and tail dark-brown; hind limbs darker than forelimbs, both limbs mottled; top of head and body speckled with light-colored markings, those above the shoulder tending to coalesce to form a diffuse dull-orange stripe; supralabials and infralabials alternately banded with light and dark bars; dorsal portion of flanks dark, highlighting the light-colored dorsal spots; all ventral surfaces dull-yellow to beige, generally immaculate; distal portions of forelimbs and palmer surfaces dark; planter surface dark; and subcaudal region stippled with dark-brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3656545FFA4FFE7FF7135F744EEAE20" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036CEFFA4FFE7FF7135F74564A99A" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FF7135F74544A9D3" bold="true" box="[199,352,907,932]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D4DFFA4FFE7FEDF35F046A1A9D2" authority="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah, 2018" authorityName="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah" authorityYear="2018" box="[361,645,908,933]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tytthoscincus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FEDF35F046A1A9D2" box="[361,645,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Tytthoscincus monticolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23857A7FFA4FFE7FD3835F046CCA9D3" box="[654,744,908,932]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FD3835F0468BA9D3" bold="true" box="[654,687,908,932]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">sp.</emphasis>
|
||
nov.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C4886CFFA4FFE7FBB135F14013A9D2" box="[1031,1079,909,933]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality near the Sungai Bubu,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BBF82CFFA4FFE7FF2135CC453AA9BF" box="[151,286,944,968]" country="Malaysia" name="Terengganu" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Terengganu</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F368765EFFA4FFE7FE1335D34628A9BF" box="[421,524,943,968]" name="Malaysia" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A4BFFA4FFE7FDAC35D3467AA9BF" box="[538,606,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[232,1354,207,1325]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[219,1377,196,1335]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Type localities for Tytthoscincus keciktuek sp. nov. and T. monticolus sp. nov. and their closest relatives T. perhentianensis and Tytthoscincus sp. nov., respectively, in Peninsular Malaysia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1456056/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), however, it is likely to range throughout the entire lowland system of the Sekayu region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036CEFFA4FFE7FF71358444EEAE20" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FF71358445ACAE67" bold="true" box="[199,392,1015,1040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
The holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D4DFFA4FFE7FDE5358B4754AE67" authority="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah, 2018" authorityName="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah" authorityYear="2018" box="[595,880,1015,1040]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tytthoscincus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FDE5358B4754AE67" box="[595,880,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Tytthoscincus monticolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23857A7FFA4FFE7FCCF358447F1AE67" box="[889,981,1016,1040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FCCF358447F1AE67" bold="true" box="[889,981,1016,1040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(LSUHC 13858) is a leaf-litter species inhabiting hilly areas along riparian systems in lowland dipterocarp forest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A4BFFA4FFE7FC4D32604065AE43" box="[1019,1089,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1178,1200]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Left: General habitat of Tytthoscincus monticolus sp. nov. and T. keciktuek sp. nov. from the Sekayu region of Hulu Terengganu. Photograph by L. L. Grismer. Upper right: microhabitat at the type locality of T. monticolus sp. nov. near Sungai Bubu, Sekayu, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu State, Peninsular Malaysia. Photograph by M. Afiq-Shuhaimi. Lower right: microhabitat at the type locality of T. keciktuek sp. nov. from Sungai Peres, Sekayu, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu State, Peninsular Malaysia. Photograph by M. Aqmal-Naser." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1456066/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) and was captured in a
|
||
<collectingMethod id="523E4ED9FFA4FFE7FAEF326044E2AE20" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">pitfall trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3656545FFA4FFE7FF7132184488AC27" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036CEFFA4FFE7FF71321847D7AED7" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FF713218456AAE0B" bold="true" box="[199,334,1124,1148]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D4DFFA4FFE7FDE2321846EBAE0A" authorityName="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah" authorityYear="2018" box="[596,719,1124,1149]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tytthoscincus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FDE2321846EBAE0A" box="[596,719,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">monticolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, comes from the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FC4132194013AE0B" box="[1015,1079,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">monti</emphasis>
|
||
meaning mountain and
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FAD7321841B8AE0A" box="[1377,1436,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">colus</emphasis>
|
||
meaning dweller of or within and refers to this species inhabiting hilly areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC036CEFFA4FFE7FF7132D74488AC27" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FF7132D74548AEB3" bold="true" box="[199,364,1195,1220]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D4DFFA4FFE7FEC132D046B1AEB2" authority="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah, 2018" authorityName="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah" authorityYear="2018" box="[375,661,1196,1221]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tytthoscincus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FEC132D046B1AEB2" box="[375,661,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Tytthoscincus monticolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23857A7FFA4FFE7FD2932D046D9AEB3" box="[671,765,1196,1220]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FD2932D046D9AEB3" bold="true" box="[671,765,1196,1220]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D4DFFA4FFE7FB8032D14122AEB2" authorityName="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah" authorityYear="2018" box="[1078,1286,1196,1221]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tytthoscincus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perhentianensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FB8032D14122AEB2" box="[1078,1286,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">T. perhentianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A4BFFA4FFE7FAAF32D04144AEB3" box="[1305,1376,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1800,1822]" captionTargetBox="[159,1411,594,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,583,1779]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Maximum Likelihood phylogram depicting the relationships of species within the montane clade of Tytthoscincus and the delimitation of the semi-fossorial and leaf-litter generalist lineages. Black circles denote nodal Bayesian support ± 0.95 and ultrafast bootstrap support ±95, grey circle denotes nodal Bayesian support ± 0.95 only, and the white circle denotes poor Bayesian and ultrafast bootstrap support." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1456060/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) and differs from it by an uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence of 3.5%. It is differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D4DFFA4FFE7FB6632AD41B8AE9F" authorityName="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah" authorityYear="2018" box="[1232,1436,1231,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tytthoscincus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perhentianensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FB6632AD41B8AE9F" box="[1232,1436,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">T. perhentianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphologically by having one vs. two loreal scales; 69 vs. 65 or 66 paravertebral scales; 68 vs. 61 or 62 ventral scales; seven vs. six subdigital lamellae on the third finger; and 12 vs. 10 subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe. It differs further by having a larger ear opening (0.16 vs 0.13–0.14 EO/HL); a shorter head (0.17 vs. 0.22–0.23 HL/ SVL); longer hind limbs (0.33 vs. 0.29–0.30 HDL/SVL); and a larger maximum SVL (
|
||
<quantity id="4C879B2BFFA4FFE7FBEA332340E5AF0F" box="[1116,1217,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.62" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="36.2">36.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs. 30.0 mm:
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FD0375FFA4FFE7FAE833234483AFEA" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="15.[147,215,481,499]" captionText="TABLE 6. Scale counts, summary statistics anđ morphometric ratios of selecteđ characters of the montane clađe of Tytthoscincus from Peninsular Malaysia. DNP = tympanum đeep anđ non-pigmenteđ; SP = tympanum" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
). It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D4DFFA4FFE7FED033F945CEAFEA" authorityName="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah" authorityYear="2018" box="[358,490,1412,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tytthoscincus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keciktuek">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FED033F945CEAFEA" box="[358,490,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">T. keciktuek</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see description below) with which it is likely syntopic by an uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence of 9.8% and having one vs. two loreals; 68 vs 60 ventral scale rows; a larger ear opening (0.16 vs 0.12 EO/HL); a shorter head (0.17 vs. 0.21 HL/SVL); shorter forelimbs (0.22 vs. 0.25 FL/SVL); shorter hind limbs (0.33 vs. 0.37 HDL/SVL); and a dorsal pattern bearing white speckling vs. being nearly unicolor (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FD0375FFA4FFE7FA88339341B2AC7F" box="[1342,1430,1519,1544]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,242,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 5. Meristic and mensural characters of the type specimens." pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13442A4BFFA4FFE7FF21306844FEAC5A" box="[151,218,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1507,1529]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1485]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,373,1485]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Upper: type specimen (LSUHC 13858) of Tytthoscincus monticolus sp. nov. collected from a hilly area near Sungai Bubu, Sekayu, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu State, Peninsular Malaysia. Photograph by A. B. Ahmad. Middle: type specimen (LSUHC 13859) of Tytthoscincus keciktuek sp. nov. collected along a small tributary of the Sungai Peres, Sekayu, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu State, Peninsular Malaysia. Photograph by A. B. Ahmad. Lower: Tytthoscincus butleri (LUSHC 13860) from a new lowland locality at Bukit Mertajam, Penang, Peninsular Malaysia. Photograph by E.S.H. Quah." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1456064/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D4DFFA4FFE7FE6B30694650AC5A" authority="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah, 2018" authorityName="Grismer & Wood Jr & Ahmad & Baizul-Hafsyam & Afiq-Shuhaimi & Rizal & Quah" authorityYear="2018" box="[477,628,1556,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tytthoscincus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FE6B30694650AC5A" box="[477,628,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">T. monticolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23857A7FFA4FFE7FDCD306846F1AC5B" box="[635,725,1556,1580]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90BEADCFFA4FFE7FDCD306846F1AC5B" bold="true" box="[635,725,1556,1580]" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and all other species of the upland clade are presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FD0375FFA4FFE7FAE83068448CAC27" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="15.[147,215,481,499]" captionText="TABLE 6. Scale counts, summary statistics anđ morphometric ratios of selecteđ characters of the montane clađe of Tytthoscincus from Peninsular Malaysia. DNP = tympanum đeep anđ non-pigmenteđ; SP = tympanum" pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |