485 lines
57 KiB
XML
485 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7800918" ID-ZooBank="9EF23FE9-DDD8-46D4-A275-09A35243BF30" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="3" checkinTime="1680677550347" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Richards, Stephen J., Donnellan, Stephen C. & Oliver, Paul M." docDate="2023" docId="03D60841A03CFFFA37CFF9D8C5A4F91D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5263.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5263 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Litoria haematogaster Richards & Donnellan & Oliver 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="170" masterDocId="FFEF7039A02CFFE93758FFA7C117FF84" masterDocTitle="Five new species of the pelodryadid genus Litoria Tschudi from the southern versant of Papua New Guinea’s Central Cordillera, with observations on the diversification of reproductive strategies in Melanesian treefrogs" masterLastPageNumber="190" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="167" updateTime="1681154595770" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Five new species of the pelodryadid genus Litoria Tschudi from the southern versant of Papua New Guinea’s Central Cordillera, with observations on the diversification of reproductive strategies in Melanesian treefrogs</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Richards, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-0251-3884</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">steve.richards@samuseum.sa.gov.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Donnellan, Stephen C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Oliver, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Brisbane, Queensland 4121, and Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101 Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-04-05</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5263</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>151</mods:start>
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<mods:end>190</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7800918</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9EF23FE9-DDD8-46D4-A275-09A35243BF30</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D60841A03CFFFA37CFF9D8C5A4F91D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D60841A03CFFFA37CFF9D8C5A4F91D" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1187,1662,1797]" box="[151,528,1662,1689]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,528,1662,1689]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,528,1662,1689]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,420,1662,1689]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haematogaster" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,420,1662,1689]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Litoria haematogaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[434,528,1663,1689]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1187,1662,1797]" box="[151,385,1699,1725]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Red-bellied Treefrog</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1187,1662,1797]" box="[151,262,1735,1761]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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<figureCitation box="[151,262,1735,1761]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 9" captionStart-1="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="17.[151,252,709,733]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox-0="[243,1344,310,686]" captionTargetBox-1="[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetId-0="figure-91@17.[243,1344,309,686]" captionTargetId-1="figure-73@18.[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionText-0="FIGURE 9. Litoria haematogaster sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71702) in life, A) lateral and B) ventral views. Photos by S. Richards." captionText-1="FIGURE 10. Litoria haematogaster sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71702), A) dorsal and B) lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm), C) palmar view of hand, D) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800940" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800942" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7800940/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7800942/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Figs 9–10</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1187,1662,1797]" box="[151,1187,1770,1797]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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https://zoobank.org/
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<uri box="[382,1187,1770,1797]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1436,1842,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2003-07-29" collectionCode="SAMA, FN" collectorName="S. Richards." country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="435" latitude="-7.1295" location="Darai Plateau" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="143.6134" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" specimenCode="R71702, SJR3205" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gulf" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,267,1843,1869]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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<typeStatus box="[151,262,1843,1869]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode box="[272,351,1843,1869]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode box="[356,444,1843,1869]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">R71702</specimenCode>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[457,494,1843,1869]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">FN</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode box="[500,605,1842,1869]" collectionCode="SJR" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">SJR3205</specimenCode>
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), adult female,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D60841A03CFFFA37CFF9D8C5A4F91D:8EA0EF8CA03CFFF9345BF894C28CF8C9" box="[771,923,1843,1869]" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-7.1295" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="143.6134" name="Darai Plateau" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" stateProvince="Gulf">Darai Plateau</location>
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||
,
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<collectingRegion box="[932,1090,1843,1869]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Gulf Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1099,1311,1843,1869]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate box="[1324,1432,1842,1869]" degrees="7.1295" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="5" value="-7.1295">7.1295°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[151,288,1879,1905]" degrees="143.6134" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="5" value="143.6134">143.6134°E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<elevation box="[299,430,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="m" value="435.0">
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<quantity box="[299,370,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="m" value="435.0">435 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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), collected on
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<date box="[596,740,1879,1905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" value="2003-07-29">
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<collectingDate box="[596,740,1879,1905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" value="2003-07-29">29 July 2003</collectingDate>
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</date>
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by
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<collectorName box="[782,919,1879,1905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">S. Richards.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1436,1842,2013]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,1914,1940]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[332,587,1915,1941]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haematogaster" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[332,587,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Litoria haematogaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[599,692,1915,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[599,692,1915,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
is distinguished from all other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Tyler & Davies" authorityYear="1978" box="[1067,1145,1915,1940]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1067,1145,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Litoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the following unique combination of characters: size moderate (SVL of
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||
<specimenCount box="[704,826,1951,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
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<quantity box="[831,933,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="38.4">38.4 mm</quantity>
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); dorsum in life mottled pale and darker green with scattered brown spots; vomerine teeth present; fingers extensively webbed; tubercles around vent and along outer edge of tarsus and foot prominent, conical; hidden surfaces of legs and posterior surfaces of belly bright red; purple pigmentation on posterolateral surfaces absent; pigmentation on nictitating membrane restricted to narrow band at dorsal margin; and is genetically diagnosable from
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<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[815,897,223,249]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lisae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[815,897,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">L. lisae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[904,994,223,249]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[904,994,223,249]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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at 65 sites and from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Johnston & Richards" authorityYear="1994" box="[1229,1374,223,249]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majikthise">
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<emphasis box="[1229,1374,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">L. majikthise</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at 40 sites in the 787 base pair alignment of mitochondrial
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<emphasis box="[748,801,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">ND4</emphasis>
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gene and flanking tRNA (
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<tableCitation box="[1095,1179,259,285]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,239,467,493]" captionTargetBox="[151,2022,539,1721]" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnostic sites from the ND4 alignment for species diagnoses. A) Litoria naispela sp. nov. versus L. singadanae; B) L. nigropunctata, L. daraiensis sp. nov., L. gracilis sp. nov., C) L. lisae sp. nov., L. haematogaster sp. nov., L. majikthise. Sites are numbered according to the alignment used in the phylogenetic analysis. A) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 1 2 3 3 4 0 0 2 5 8 8 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 0 1 2 2 3 5 5 8 8 9 0 1 1 4 4 5 6 8 9 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 6 1 1 6 5 5 8 3 0 0 1 3 6 6 1 3 2 7 0 5 9 0 2 4 1 0 4 2 7 9 9 2 8 1 7 3 5 8 2 7 6 7 5 5 7 1 L. n A T G T T A G C T G A G A T C G C A T A A G G T C G A C T T G A C A G C T T T C A T T C T C T C L. s G C A C C G T T C A G A A C T A T T C T G A A C T A A T C G A G T G A T C C C T G C C T C T C T B) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 1 1 2 3 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 1 4 5 1 2 6 8 9 6 3 9 3 5 4 5 0 5 5 9 5 8 1 8 3 6 3 6 7 0 1 2 5 8 2 L. n C C C A T G C C G A A T C C C T T T A T T T T A A A C A A C C G C G L. g T C C G C C C T A C/T T C T T C T C T C/T C T C/T C T T A C/T G A T T G A A L. d T T T G C T C T A T A C T T T C C C T A C T T T T G T G A C T A A A" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800940" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7800940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800940/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" startId="17.[151,252,709,733]" targetBox="[243,1344,310,686]" targetPageId="17">
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||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1436,709,770]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,273,709,733]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
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.
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[288,523,709,733]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haematogaster" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[288,523,709,733]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Litoria haematogaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[531,616,710,734]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[531,616,710,734]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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holotype (SAMA R71702) in life,
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[989,1008,709,733]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">A</emphasis>
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||
) lateral and
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1142,1159,710,734]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">B</emphasis>
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||
) ventral views. Photos by S. Richards.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,815,2030]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,483,815,842]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
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||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[373,478,816,842]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
Adult female (
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||
<figureCitation box="[647,761,816,842]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 9" captionStart-1="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="17.[151,252,709,733]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox-0="[243,1344,310,686]" captionTargetBox-1="[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetId-0="figure-91@17.[243,1344,309,686]" captionTargetId-1="figure-73@18.[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionText-0="FIGURE 9. Litoria haematogaster sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71702) in life, A) lateral and B) ventral views. Photos by S. Richards." captionText-1="FIGURE 10. Litoria haematogaster sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71702), A) dorsal and B) lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm), C) palmar view of hand, D) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800940" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800942" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7800940/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7800942/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Figs 9–10</figureCitation>
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) containing numerous moderately small (~
|
||
<quantity box="[1238,1323,815,842]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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||
diameter) eggs with dark pigment on animal hemisphere. Body moderately slender. Limbs moderately long (TL/SVL 0.56). Head moderately wide (HW/SVL 0.32), slightly less than length (HL/SVL 0.34, HW/HL 0.92). Vomeropalatines forming two short ridges between choanae, without detectable teeth. Tongue large, broadly oval, with distinct posterior notch. Snout rounded in dorsal view with truncate tip (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[872,976,960,986]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox="[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-73@18.[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Litoria haematogaster sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71702), A) dorsal and B) lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm), C) palmar view of hand, D) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800942/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
), steep, near vertical in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox="[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-73@18.[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Litoria haematogaster sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71702), A) dorsal and B) lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm), C) palmar view of hand, D) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800942/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
); canthus rostralis broadly rounded, slightly curved; loreal region steep, slightly concave; lips slightly flared; nostrils much closer to tip of snout than eyes, oriented anterolaterally; internarial distance greater than distance from external naris to eye (EN/IN 0.81); eyes large (EYE/SVL 0.12), prominent, protruding in dorsal and lateral views; pupil horizontal, pigmentation on nictitating membrane restricted to narrow band along dorsal edge. Tympanum large (TYM/SVL 0.06), nearly half diameter of eye (TYM/EYE = 0.47), annulus prominent except dorsal edge obscured by thick, strongly curved supratympanic ridge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,815,2030]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
Skin of dorsum and dorsal surfaces of limbs finely granular with numerous scattered larger tubercles (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart-0="FIGURE 9" captionStart-1="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="17.[151,252,709,733]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox-0="[243,1344,310,686]" captionTargetBox-1="[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetId-0="figure-91@17.[243,1344,309,686]" captionTargetId-1="figure-73@18.[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionText-0="FIGURE 9. Litoria haematogaster sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71702) in life, A) lateral and B) ventral views. Photos by S. Richards." captionText-1="FIGURE 10. Litoria haematogaster sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71702), A) dorsal and B) lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm), C) palmar view of hand, D) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800940" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800942" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7800940/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7800942/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Figs 9– 10</figureCitation>
|
||
); throat finely ridged anteriorly, becoming more coarsely ridged posteriorly; a broad band of large, unpigmented tubercles around outer margins of throat; chest and abdomen coarsely granular. Ventral surfaces of limbs mostly smooth except proximal 1/2 distance along posteroventral margins of thighs with numerous large tubercles, those closest to vent largest, with size decreasing distally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[751,840,1356,1382]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,252,709,733]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,310,686]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[243,1344,309,686]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Litoria haematogaster sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71702) in life, A) lateral and B) ventral views. Photos by S. Richards." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800940/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
); transverse row of tubercles forming short elevated ridge below vent; ventral to this ridge are four prominent conical tubercles, each measuring ~
|
||
<quantity box="[1177,1263,1392,1418]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height; outer edge of tarsus and foot with row of prominent near-conical white tubercles extending from heel to distal subarticular tubercle on Toe 5; heels with seven (left leg) and eleven (right leg) small, pale tubercles; single large but low pale tubercle ventrally on each leg at junction of tibia and tarsus; outer edge of forearm with row of small pale tubercles that grades into more prominent tubercles and short crenulated fold on outer edge of hand where tubercles reach distal subarticular tubercle on Finger 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,815,2030]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
Fingers moderately short with expanded terminal discs (3FD/SVL 0.06; 3FD/3FP 2.55) with distinct marginal grooves. Distal subarticular tubercles on fingers 2–4 and proximal subarticular tubercle on Finger 3 strongly bilobed, remaining tubercles unilobed (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[497,601,1680,1706]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox="[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-73@18.[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Litoria haematogaster sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71702), A) dorsal and B) lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm), C) palmar view of hand, D) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800942/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
); relative lengths of fingers: 3>4>2>1. Finger webbing thick, fleshy, with deep creases forming fleshy ‘nodules’ (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[605,710,1716,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox="[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-73@18.[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Litoria haematogaster sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71702), A) dorsal and B) lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm), C) palmar view of hand, D) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800942/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
); webbing on inside of Finger 4 reaching to midpoint between distal subarticular tubercle and disc, then extending to disc as fleshy fringe; on outside of Finger 3 reaching to midpoint between distal subarticular tubercle and disc (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[764,865,1788,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox="[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-73@18.[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Litoria haematogaster sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71702), A) dorsal and B) lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm), C) palmar view of hand, D) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800942/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
), on inside of Finger 3 reaching to base of proximal subarticular tubercle, on outside of Finger 2 reaching to base of disc, and between fingers 1 and 2 reduced to basal fringe. Hand with low, elongate (
|
||
<quantity box="[516,601,1859,1886]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) inner, and broad (
|
||
<quantity box="[866,951,1860,1886]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide) outer, metacarpal tubercles, the latter partially subdivided into four by deep ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[666,769,1896,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox="[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-73@18.[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Litoria haematogaster sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71702), A) dorsal and B) lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm), C) palmar view of hand, D) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800942/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Toes with expanded terminal discs with terminal grooves, those on toes slightly smaller than on fingers (3FD/4TD 1.15). Distal subarticular tubercles on toes 4–5 bilobed, remainder unilobed; relative lengths of toes 4>5>3>2>1. Toe webbing thick, fleshy, on inside of Toe 5 reaching to base of disc, on both sides of Toe 4 to distal subarticular tubercle, on outside of Toe 3 to base of disc, on inside of Toe 3 halfway to base of distal tubercle, on outside of Toe 2 to base of disc, on inside of Toe 2 halfway to proximal tubercle and on outside of Toe 1 to distal tubercle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[759,868,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1585,1609]" captionTargetBox="[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-73@18.[237,1350,273,1562]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Litoria haematogaster sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71702), A) dorsal and B) lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm), C) palmar view of hand, D) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800942/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Foot with prominent, elongate inner metatarsal tubercle, outer tubercle not detectable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800942" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7800942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800942/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" startId="18.[151,250,1585,1609]" targetBox="[237,1350,273,1562]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1437,1585,1645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,281,1585,1609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[295,523,1585,1609]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haematogaster" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[295,523,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Litoria haematogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[529,610,1585,1609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[529,610,1585,1609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype (SAMA R71702),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[902,920,1585,1609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">A</emphasis>
|
||
) dorsal and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1047,1073,1585,1609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">B)</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[212,230,1621,1645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">C</emphasis>
|
||
) palmar view of hand,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[466,484,1621,1645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">D</emphasis>
|
||
) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1437,1691,2042]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,347,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Colour in life</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[360,427,1691,1717]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,252,709,733]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,310,686]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[243,1344,309,686]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Litoria haematogaster sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71702) in life, A) lateral and B) ventral views. Photos by S. Richards." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800940/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal and lateral surfaces lime green with darker green flecks and reticulations; scattered pale brown spots across dorsum and on dorsal surfaces of limbs, hands and feet. Ventrally white anteriorly with fine brown stippling on throat, posteriorly abdomen bright red; hidden and ventral surfaces of legs, and axillae, uniform red, except for enlarged ivory tubercles on underside of limbs and around vent; heels white; feet predominantly brown dorsally, hands predominantly green dorsally; outer edges of tarsi and feet, and of forearm, with fine dark brown stippling. Iris pale grey with dark brown veins and pale-yellow rim around pupil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1437,1691,2042]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,466,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Colour in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
In preservative dorsal and lateral surfaces paler and darker blue; dorsal surfaces of fingers 1 and 2 ivory; brown patches on dorsal surfaces of arms still visible, brown pigmentation in life now darker brown; red areas in life pinkish. Ventrally mid-abdomen ivory, ventral surfaces of arms creamy. Throat creamy white with dense brown stippling except on enlarged creamy-white tubercles. Hands ventrally translucent grey blue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,610,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[392,487,151,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(in mm).—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 38.4; TL 21.5; HL 13.2; HW 12.2; EYE 4.7; TYM 2.2; EN 3.5; IN 4.3; 4TD 2.0; 4TP 1.5; 3FD 2.3; 3FP 0.9; TL/SVL 0.56; HW/HL 0.92; TYM/EYE 0.47; EN/IN 0.81; 3FD/4TD 1.15.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1437,150,1689]" box="[199,801,222,249]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,319,222,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[376,474,223,249]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is the only known specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,365,258,284]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
In its moderate size (a female
|
||
<quantity box="[732,840,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="38.4">38.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
), slender body, green and brown dorsal colour, and extensively webbed fingers,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[479,732,295,321]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haematogaster" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[479,732,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Litoria haematogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[742,833,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[742,833,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
most closely resembles the following 10 species:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Richards & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[229,374,331,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daraiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[229,374,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. daraiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[379,467,331,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[379,467,331,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[479,593,331,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[479,593,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[598,686,331,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[598,686,331,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tyler" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[699,764,331,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[699,764,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. iris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Johnston & Richards" authorityYear="1994" box="[777,920,331,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majikthise">
|
||
<emphasis box="[777,920,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. majikthise</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[932,1118,331,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigropunctata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[932,948,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[960,1118,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">nigropunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dennis & Cunningham" authorityYear="2006" box="[1130,1260,331,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1130,1260,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. richardsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="2005" box="[1272,1429,331,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="singadanae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1272,1429,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. singadanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,296,367,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umarensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,296,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. umarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2004" box="[352,445,367,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[352,445,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. verae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[460,712,367,393]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haematogaster" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[460,712,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Litoria haematogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[721,811,367,393]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[721,811,367,393]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is also morphologically similar to the two new species described below and is compared with them in the relevant species accounts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,453,439,465]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haematogaster" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,453,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Litoria haematogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[464,557,439,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[464,557,439,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Richards & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" box="[715,813,439,465]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini">
|
||
<emphasis box="[715,813,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having discrete prominent conical tubercles along the tarsus and foot (vs. a crenulated dermal fold), and hidden surfaces of limbs red (vs. predominantly blue with dark-brown mottling); from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tyler" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[472,540,511,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[472,540,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. iris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having hidden surfaces of limbs and posterior surfaces of abdomen red (vs. posterior of thighs blue, red, or yellow, frequently blotched with white or purple, posterior surfaces of abdomen not red), and violet spots in axilla and groin absent (vs. present); from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[914,1103,583,609]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigropunctata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[914,930,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[945,1103,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">nigropunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having prominent conical tubercles along the tarsus and foot (vs. a low dermal ridge), and hidden surfaces of limbs and posterior surfaces of abdomen red (vs. yellow); from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dennis & Cunningham" authorityYear="2006" box="[510,640,655,681]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[510,640,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. richardsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="2005" box="[693,851,655,681]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="singadanae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[693,851,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. singadanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a smaller (TYM/EYE 0.46 vs. 0.65–0.81), pigmented (vs. substantially transparent) tympanum, and further from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dennis & Cunningham" authorityYear="2006" box="[941,1073,691,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[941,1073,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. richardsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking (vs. having) irregular black lines on dorsum and extensive black markings ventrolaterally; from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2004" box="[1015,1162,727,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umarensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1015,1162,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. umarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2004" box="[1223,1318,727,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1223,1318,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. verae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having prominent conical tubercles on tarsus and foot (vs. absent), and further from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2004" box="[1058,1206,763,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umarensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1058,1206,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. umarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having posterior surfaces of thighs red (vs. brown), and dorsum mottled lighter and darker green (vs. normally uniform green); and further from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2004" box="[295,386,835,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[295,386,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. verae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking (vs. having) small brown spots aligned transversely on dorsum, and having red (vs. orange) on posteroventral surfaces in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
The new species is morphologically most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Johnston & Richards" authorityYear="1994" box="[800,947,907,933]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majikthise">
|
||
<emphasis box="[800,947,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. majikthise</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from which it is genetically divergent (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1405,1436,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">dA</emphasis>
|
||
between the taxa of 0.08) and from which it can most readily be distinguished by having more prominent conical tubercles on the limbs and around the vent (vs. tubercles lower, rounded; e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1047,1133,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,252,709,733]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,310,686]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[243,1344,309,686]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Litoria haematogaster sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71702) in life, A) lateral and B) ventral views. Photos by S. Richards." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800940/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1182,1267,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,246,637,661]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,181,613]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[162,1426,181,613]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Litoria daraiensis sp. nov. in life, A) holotype (SAMA R71675), B) paratype (SAMA R71676). Photos by S. Richards" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800922/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Johnston, G. R. & Richards, S. J." pageId="19" pageNumber="170" pagination="273 - 279" refId="ref23688" refString="Johnston, G. R. & Richards, S. J. (1994) A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) from New Guinea and a redefinition of Litoria leucova (Tyler, 1968). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 37, 273 - 279." type="journal article" year="1994">Johnston & Richards (1994))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, violet patches in axillae absent (vs. present), and head longer (HL/HW 1.08 vs. 0.81–1.03).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="170" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,501,1050,1077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[509,761,1051,1077]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haematogaster" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[509,761,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Litoria haematogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[770,861,1051,1077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[770,861,1051,1077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known only from a single location on the Darai Plateau in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[269,429,1087,1113]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Gulf Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[544,760,1087,1113]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[775,844,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,676,1716]" captionTargetId="figure-179@9.[151,1436,676,1716]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map showing the distributions of Litoria species newly described species in this paper, and Litoria singadanae from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guniea. Blue square = Litoria daraiensis sp. nov., yellow triangle = Litoria gracilis sp. nov., red circle = Litoria haematogaster sp. nov., pale blue circles = Litoria lisae sp. nov., pink diamond = Litoria naispela sp. nov. and purple diamond = Litoria singadanae. Arrows indicate the type localities for Litoria gracilis sp. nov. and Litoria lisae sp. nov.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800926/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The Darai Plateau is an extensive area of limestone karst in the Kikori River Basin and forms part of the Great Papuan Plateau. The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1082,1180,1123,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was found in primary foothill rainforest where it was perched at a height of
|
||
<quantity box="[755,820,1158,1185]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="3.5">3.5 m</quantity>
|
||
on a sapling in a swampy area with small forest pools. It contains moderate-size (
|
||
<quantity box="[447,534,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter) eggs with a distinctly darker animal pole. The reproductive biology of this species is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,462,1266,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">IUCN Red List status.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[469,719,1267,1293]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haematogaster" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[469,719,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Litoria haematogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[726,815,1267,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[726,815,1267,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known from one locality on the Darai Plateau, which supports an extensive tract of lowland forest in the Kikori River basin. However, logging operations are occurring widely within this catchment so until the species’ distribution, habitat requirements and any potential threats are better documented we recommend that it be listed as Data Deficient by the IUCN.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="170" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,1411,1437]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Greek haema ‘blood’, and ‘gaster’, belly, referring to the bright red colour of the posteroventral surfaces of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,478,1482,1509]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Molecular divergences.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on analyses of a 787 base pair alignment from the mitochondrial
|
||
<emphasis box="[1321,1374,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">ND4</emphasis>
|
||
gene and flanking tRNA,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[389,587,1519,1545]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haematogaster" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[389,587,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. haematogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[598,690,1519,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[598,690,1519,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Johnston & Richards" authorityYear="1994" box="[1001,1148,1519,1545]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majikthise">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1001,1148,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. majikthise</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[1168,1199,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">dA</emphasis>
|
||
between the taxa of 0.08,
|
||
<tableCitation box="[214,299,1555,1581]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Average net genetic distances (dA) between new Litoria species described herein and near relatives, based on data from the mitochondrial ND4 gene and flanking tRNA." pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis box="[320,351,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">dA</emphasis>
|
||
between sister species pairs in other groups of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Tyler & Davies" authorityYear="1978" box="[880,958,1555,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[880,958,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranges from 0.04 to 0.25 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Donnellan, S. C. & Catalano, S. & Pederson, S. & Mitchell, K. & Suhendran, A. & Price, L. C. & Doughty, P. & Richards, S. J." pageId="19" pageNumber="170" pagination="211 - 240" refId="ref23252" refString="Donnellan, S. C., Catalano, S., Pederson, S., Mitchell, K., Suhendran, A., Price, L. C., Doughty, P. & Richards, S. J. (2021) Revision of the Litoria watjulumensis (Anura: Pelodryadidae) group from the Australian monsoonal tropics, including the resurrection of L. spaldingi. Zootaxa, 4933 (2), 211 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4933.2.3" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Donnellan
|
||
<emphasis box="[1380,1437,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rowley, J. & Mahony, M. J. & Hines, H. B. & Myers, S. & Aplin, K. P. & Price, L. & Donnellan, S. C." box="[221,437,1591,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref25312" refString="Rowley, J., Mahony, M. J., Hines, H. B., Myers, S., Aplin, K. P., Price, L. & Donnellan, S. C. (2021) Two new species from the Litoria rubella species group from eastern Australia. Zootaxa, 5071 (1), 1 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5071.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Rowley
|
||
<emphasis box="[314,370,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Our molecular data also suggests potential structure across the two sampled populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Johnston & Richards" authorityYear="1994" box="[184,331,1627,1653]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majikthise">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,331,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">L. majikthise</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[349,435,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,185,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[151,1436,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 18. Maximum Likelihood phylogeny of mitochondrial ND4 sequences for the main radiation of Melanesian Litoria including the five new species described in this paper (taxon labels in bold), estimated using IQTree. Node support values (bootstrap proportions) below 70 are not provided. Branches leading to taxa known to exhibit arboreal breeding are highlighted in red." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800966/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[449,480,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">dA</emphasis>
|
||
of 0.07), but in the absence of additional acoustic and morphological evidence for differentiation we conservatively consider all these populations to be conspecific at this stage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |