234 lines
22 KiB
XML
234 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="D7EEC19896537D9EFF3968DA54BAAE56" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3740269" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34e4a5a6-881c-4a1a-b64d-6868e12df7fb" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3740269" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1586037971521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonaccorso, Frank" docDate="2019" docId="03D587F2FFCD4C06FF1437E7FC18F0F4" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Taphozous nudiventris Cretzschmar 1830" docType="treatment" docVersion="21" lastPageNumber="351" masterDocId="FFECFF8AFFCF4C04FFA53577FFF8FFE9" masterDocTitle="Emballonuridae" masterLastPageNumber="373" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="351" updateTime="1698735528461" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9F5C66F6C622D388B7832FB35A22333A">
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<mods:title id="CD9EFABDF6984DA8C92172ACD0C8E610">Emballonuridae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4B2CD92806AABEAC66D0CECEBAC96242" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="008C6B7D598983E2F3B749224C9BAC03">Bonaccorso, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="5967BC18437631500F286680D2F89BF7">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="E99DA94C3CD3FD881B9F91908BE6A41A" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="088A224C7D73D76B9B82C553EB7AF54B">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="82D05320EB72E1DF78A481B467C80670">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F5659F05BD94C6ACC1D4EF6EF0830291">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0EF514917B1A3772E4FA39169041B9AE">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="6B94062D2F3989679B9BDD4C49819BB0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1CDD0FABEAE851145C6617FD5FDE109B">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="55B8B5B4D1CE2589B75A8269CFBB0678">Mittermeier, Russel A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:titleInfo id="215CE012EEA3665B977CAA1756304089">
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<mods:title id="8074AE621361F21C2BF04F40203132A9">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="E1AED5104EFD477624F4E92834FB209F">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8F3728FBF5045EAB46BA960337EB907D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3740269</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D587F2FFCD4C06FF1437E7FC18F0F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810763" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163435144" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810763" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFCD4C06FF1437E7FC18F0F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587F2FFCD4C06FF1437E7FC18F0F4" lastPageNumber="351" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06FF1437E7FCAAFD24" box="[177,850,656,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FF1437E7FCAAFD24" blockId="2.[177,1602,656,717]" box="[177,850,656,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<figureCitation id="13472A61FFCD4C06FF1437E7FF37FD24" box="[177,207,656,717]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="2.[173,216,4419,4446]" captionTargetBox="[177,3496,132,4697]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="On following pages: 4. Hamilton'sTomb Bat [Taphozous hamiltoni); 5. Hildegarde'sTomb Bat (Taphozous hildegardeae}; 6. Long-winged Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous longimanus); 7. Black-beardedTomb Bat (Taphozous melanopogoh); 8. Theobald'sTomb Bat (Taphozous theobaldi); 9. Indonesian Tomb Bat (Taphozous achates); 10. Arnhem Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous kapalgensis}; 11. Coastal Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous australis}; 12. Common Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous georgianus); 13. Hill's Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous hilli); 14. Troughton's Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous troughtoni); 15. Pel's Pouched Bat (Saccolaimus peli); 16. Bare-rumped Sheathtailed Bat (Saccolaimus saccolaimus); 17. Papuan Sheath-tailed Bat (Saccolaimus mixtus); 18. Yellow-bellied Sheath-tailed Bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3740271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3740271/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">1</figureCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF5637E7FCAAFD24" box="[243,850,656,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Naked-rumped Tomb</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06FCC037E7F9BAFD24" box="[869,1602,656,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FCC037E7F9BAFD24" blockId="2.[177,1602,656,717]" box="[869,1602,656,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FCC037E7FC3AFD24" box="[869,962,656,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Bat</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06FBAE37E7F9BAFD24" ID-CoL="7WZCG" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1830" box="[1035,1602,656,717]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudiventris">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FBAE37E7F9BAFD24" box="[1035,1602,656,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Taphozous nudiventris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06FF0937A8F9C4FD1F" box="[172,1596,731,758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FF0937A8F9C4FD1F" blockId="2.[172,1596,731,758]" box="[172,1596,731,758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF0937A8FEE9FD1C" bold="true" box="[172,273,735,757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">French:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FEBD37ACFE87FD1F" box="[280,383,731,758]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Taphien</emphasis>
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à ventre nu / German: Nacktbauch-Grabfledermaus
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FBE137ACFBB7FD1F" box="[1092,1103,731,758]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">I</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FBF237A8FB2AFD1C" bold="true" box="[1111,1234,735,757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FB7D37ACFA47FD1F" box="[1240,1471,731,758]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Tafozo de vientre</emphasis>
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desnudo
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06FC453637FABEFC72" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FC453637FABEFC72" blockId="2.[992,1787,832,1398]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FC453637FB4BFC8E" bold="true" box="[992,1203,832,871]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FC453637FB53FC8E" box="[992,1195,832,871]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Taxonomy</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06FA853637FAC7FC72" ID-CoL="7WZCG" authority="Cretzschmar, 1830" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1830" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudiventris">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FA853637F903FC8E" box="[1312,1787,832,871]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Taphozous nudiventris</emphasis>
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Cretzschmar, 1830
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06FAF13603F9C8FC72" box="[1364,1584,884,923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FAF13603F9C8FC72" blockId="2.[992,1787,832,1398]" box="[1364,1584,884,923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<materialsCitation id="3B143CB9FFCD4C06FAF13603F9D3FC72" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595781782" box="[1364,1579,884,923]" country="Egypt" location="Giza" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Giza" typeStatus="type">
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<collectingRegion id="49B8F806FFCD4C06FAF13603FA51FC72" box="[1364,1449,884,923]" country="Egypt" name="Al Jizah" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Giza</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36B7674FFCD4C06FA183603F9D3FC72" box="[1469,1579,884,923]" name="Egypt" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06FC4336DDF93AFBEC" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FC4336DDF93AFBEC" blockId="2.[992,1787,832,1398]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06FC4336DDFA89FC38" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1830" box="[998,1393,938,977]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudiventris">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FC4336DDFA89FC38" box="[998,1393,938,977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Taphozous nudiventris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is in the subgenus
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FC4736A9FB4DFBEC" box="[994,1205,990,1029]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06FC4736A9FB48FBEC" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1922" box="[994,1200,990,1029]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Liponycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Liponycteris</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Five subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06FC443164FB8FF95D" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF03666CFFCD4C06FC443164FB8FF95D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3747904" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3747904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3747904/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" targetBox="[171,961,832,1388]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FC443164FA01FBD3" blockId="2.[992,1787,832,1398]" box="[993,1529,1043,1082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FC443164FA0AFBD3" bold="true" box="[993,1522,1043,1082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Subspecies and Distribution</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FC43313FFA73FB31" blockId="2.[992,1787,832,1398]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06FC43313FF99FFB86" authority="Cretzschmar, 1830" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1830" box="[998,1639,1096,1135]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nudiventris" subSpecies="nudiventris">
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FBB4313FFAFDFB86" box="[1041,1285,1096,1135]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">n. nudiventris</emphasis>
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Cretzschmar, 1830
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</taxonomicName>
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- N, W, C & E Africa, also in Israel, Palestine, and the Arabian Peninsula.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FC403191FAC0FAAB" blockId="2.[992,1787,832,1398]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FBBA3191FB1DFAE4" box="[1055,1253,1254,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">n. magnus</emphasis>
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Wettstein, 1913 - Turkey, Iraq, and Bahrain.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FC403039FA9CFA42" blockId="2.[992,1787,832,1398]" lastBlockId="2.[170,1785,1412,3869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FBB43039FB0EFA9C" box="[1041,1270,1358,1397]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">n. kachhensis</emphasis>
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Dobson, 1872 - South Asia in Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FF1430CEFB8FF95D" blockId="2.[170,1785,1412,3869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF7F30CEFE62FA09" box="[218,410,1465,1504]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">n. nudaster</emphasis>
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Thomas, 1915-NWMyanmar; however, complete distribution is unknown..
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF7B3099FE89F9FC" box="[222,369,1518,1557]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">n. zayidi</emphasis>
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D. L. Harrison, 1955 - Oman; however, complete distribution is unknown.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF083354FEC3F9A3" box="[173,315,1571,1610]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Present</emphasis>
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also in Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Iran, but distributions of subspecies in SW & C Asia are only partially understood and clarification awaits future systematic resolution.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06FF0933B5FA4EF72D" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FF0933B5FA4EF72D" blockId="2.[170,1785,1412,3869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF0933B5FDF8F900" bold="true" box="[172,512,1730,1769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 83—105 mm, tail 22-46 mm, ear 20—23 mm, hindfoot 23-24 mm, forearm 70-80 mm; weight 30-35 g. Dorsal fur of the Naked-rumped Tomb Bat is gray-brown, dark brown, or sepia, with naked rump and lower abdomen. Venter is paler than dorsum. Males have well-developed glandular gular pouch and sternal gland on chest. Both sexes have radio-metacarpal sacs. Ears are separated and angular and have papillae along inner margins. Outer margin of ear almost reaches angle of mouth and has large antitragus. Tragus is hatchet-shaped, with large tubercle near base. Muzzle is cut-off squarely. Eyes are conspicuous.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FB5F3D44FA99F7B3" box="[1274,1377,2099,2138]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Wing</emphasis>
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and uropatagium are brown. Dental formula of all species
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FCC13D1FFBB5F766" box="[868,1101,2152,2191]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06FC3F3D1FFBB5F766" authorityName="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" box="[922,1101,2152,2191]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Taphozous</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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is 11/2,
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FB503D1FFAEAF766" box="[1269,1298,2152,2191]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">C</emphasis>
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||
1/1, P 2/2,
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FA583D1FF9DCF766" bold="true" box="[1533,1572,2152,2191]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">M</emphasis>
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3/3 (x2) = 30. Karyotype is 2n = 42, as is the case for the entire genus
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FB5A3DEAFA4EF72D" box="[1279,1462,2205,2244]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06FB5A3DEAFA49F72D" authorityName="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" box="[1279,1457,2205,2244]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Taphozous</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06FF083DA5F93DF3AA" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FF083DA5FC16F67E" blockId="2.[170,1785,1412,3869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF083DA5FEC4F710" box="[173,316,2258,2297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
. Arid to semiarid habitats, tropical forests, and wet evergreen forests. In northern Africa, the Naked-rumped Tomb Bat is found in Sudanian and Sahelian savanna zones where inselbergs (isolated hills) and rock crevices provide roost shelters. It is often associated with large water bodies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FF093CD2FB67F5E9" blockId="2.[170,1785,1412,3869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF093CD2FDD5F625" bold="true" box="[172,557,2469,2508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF093CD2FDDEF625" box="[172,550,2469,2508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Food and Feeding</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The Naked-rumped Tomb Bat eats aerial beetles, crickets, grasshoppers, cockroaches, moths, and alate termites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FF083F79F90CF5DC" blockId="2.[170,1785,1412,3869]" box="[173,1780,2574,2613]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF083F79FEA0F5DC" box="[173,344,2574,2613]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Breeding</emphasis>
|
||
. Naked-rumped Tomb Bats are monoestrous. Females give birth to one young.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FF0F3F34FCDFF53A" blockId="2.[170,1785,1412,3869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF0F3F34FE08F583" bold="true" box="[170,496,2627,2666]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Naked-rumped Tomb Bat is nocturnal. It emerges to forage well after sunset. It roosts in cliff fissures, rock crevices, caves, tombs, temples, bams, houses, tree hollows, and tunnels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FF083F96F93DF3AA" blockId="2.[170,1785,1412,3869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF083F96FD2CF4E1" bold="true" box="[173,724,2785,2824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Movements, Home range and</emphasis>
|
||
Social
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FCF13F96FBBFF4E1" bold="true" box="[852,1095,2785,2824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Some populations ofNaked-rumped Tomb Bats migrate or hibernate in
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FCEE3E62FC09F4D5" box="[843,1009,2837,2876]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">response</emphasis>
|
||
to winter conditions. Fat reserves are deposited and seen under naked skin of rump. Fat deposition occurs at end of monsoon season when insects are most abundant in preparation for
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FB553E09FAD4F44C" box="[1264,1324,2942,2981]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">dry</emphasis>
|
||
, winter conditions. Most roosts contain only a few individuals,
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FCD03EC4FBB9F433" box="[885,1089,2995,3034]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">but colony</emphasis>
|
||
size can reach several hundred individuals, and up to 2000 were recorded in Pakistan. This species is frequently associated with and tolerant of humans and will share roost shelters with other species of bats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06FF083927FB55F16D" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FF083927FB55F16D" blockId="2.[170,1785,1412,3869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF083927FD60F39E" bold="true" box="[173,664,3152,3191]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF083927FD68F39E" box="[173,656,3152,3191]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Status and Conservation</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FADE3927F96CF39E" box="[1403,1684,3152,3191]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">IUCN Red List.</emphasis>
|
||
The Naked-rumped Tomb Bat has a large distribution and presumably large and stable overall population, and it is
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FD7039CEFC5CF309" box="[725,932,3257,3296]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">tolerant of</emphasis>
|
||
habitat modification. It is common in some places but uncommon in western parts of its distribution. Colonies in Africa and the Mediterranean region are generally restricted to a few individuals, although colonies of dozens to hundreds occur in eastern Africa. It is common across South Asia, but a declining trend in
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FDAB38FCFD80F25B" box="[526,632,3467,3506]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Asian</emphasis>
|
||
populations has been observed in recent years. International legal authorities for protection through the Bonn Convention of Eurobats are in place in participating countries ofEurope and Turkey. Nevertheless, no specific conservation measures are in place in much of its distribution, except where it occurs in protected areas. Investigation on impacts of pesticides is needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06FF083BEFFC18F0F4" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FF083BEFFC18F0F4" blockId="2.[170,1785,1412,3869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF083BEFFE85F15A" bold="true" box="[173,381,3736,3763]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bates &
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FDAB3BEFFD7FF15A" box="[526,647,3736,3763]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Harrison</emphasis>
|
||
(1997), Bates, Harrison & Muni (1994a, 1994b, 1994
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FA3D3BEFFA5FF15A" box="[1432,1447,3736,3763]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">c</emphasis>
|
||
), Bates, NweTin
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F90A3BEFF919F15A" box="[1711,1761,3736,3763]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">eta</emphasis>
|
||
/. (2000), Brosset (1963), Darweesh
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FD1E3BBAFD22F101" box="[699,730,3789,3816]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">et</emphasis>
|
||
al. (1997), elten (1962), Francis (2008a), Happold (1987), Molur et al. (2002), Monadjem, Racey et al. (2017),
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FD553A75FC8FF0F4" box="[752,887,3842,3869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Rosevear</emphasis>
|
||
(1965).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |