242 lines
22 KiB
XML
242 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="5C2FE9302822E90E82CD1BB71A554977" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3740269" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34e4a5a6-881c-4a1a-b64d-6868e12df7fb" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3740269" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1586037971521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonaccorso, Frank" docDate="2019" docId="03D587F2FFCD4C06FF0B3AFCF27EF58F" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Taphozous perforatus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1818" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="351" masterDocId="FFECFF8AFFCF4C04FFA53577FFF8FFE9" masterDocTitle="Emballonuridae" masterLastPageNumber="373" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="351" updateTime="1698735528461" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="CACB9337F99F13566CFFECF15C53BA0F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9AB6B12A3D4F26D6A88061A7A5C7CEA7">
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<mods:title id="9479F0E493E2959905F6B37AC2132181">Emballonuridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="33F43BC569726B15503724B69025C0DF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2E22937FE2A0D814734EFCFC5A08CE5B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FFDA75BE2B571459369BC9B941927D18">Bonaccorso, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7946B6F8E0E1EBCE2993B7702E655A9A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="035DE9D0AADEE4580C286F0B75971D6A">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="F69AEB98D07B6C9668E2B79A8B092813" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="2E670105DCCF7E1208A52DAC07C2FC9F">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="2ABAEBC3E10A5B1D62CCCC96B4552220">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:name id="CC510D2D7CA0534F1331FD6A60AA3B51" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7D0E42A27F389C662C9543E5BDC10018">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F3DD846983136F40AB005D0C9EAD3368">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="1363F05587BB9492BBE49820ABDF024D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="81D91AFD87E9F26AF7142E5F4A897071">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AB533BE0B852B760E294F1F3A9473E08">Mittermeier, Russel A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo id="1D0BE22BB2FDDEE4D50179857D96B340">
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<mods:title id="17791B40B1F9B5522431501A0716B80C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="DCB1B8BBAADA2DEA5DE9902D40DF5992">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="35F931F25C4D7ED74B033FC3DE7548B1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3740269</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C74487D1AF0A8DA424D77F587C919017" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D587F2FFCD4C06FF0B3AFCF27EF58F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810761" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163435141" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810761" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFCD4C06FF0B3AFCF27EF58F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587F2FFCD4C06FF0B3AFCF27EF58F" lastPageNumber="351" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06FF0B3AFCFCEAF021" box="[174,786,3979,4040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FF0B3AFCFCEAF021" blockId="2.[174,1382,3979,4040]" box="[174,786,3979,4040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<figureCitation id="13472A61FFCD4C06FF0B3AFCFF2AF021" box="[174,210,3979,4040]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="2.[173,216,4419,4446]" captionTargetBox="[177,3496,132,4697]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="On following pages: 4. Hamilton'sTomb Bat [Taphozous hamiltoni); 5. Hildegarde'sTomb Bat (Taphozous hildegardeae}; 6. Long-winged Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous longimanus); 7. Black-beardedTomb Bat (Taphozous melanopogoh); 8. Theobald'sTomb Bat (Taphozous theobaldi); 9. Indonesian Tomb Bat (Taphozous achates); 10. Arnhem Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous kapalgensis}; 11. Coastal Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous australis}; 12. Common Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous georgianus); 13. Hill's Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous hilli); 14. Troughton's Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous troughtoni); 15. Pel's Pouched Bat (Saccolaimus peli); 16. Bare-rumped Sheathtailed Bat (Saccolaimus saccolaimus); 17. Papuan Sheath-tailed Bat (Saccolaimus mixtus); 18. Yellow-bellied Sheath-tailed Bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3740271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3740271/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">2</figureCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF503AFCFCEAF021" bold="true" box="[245,786,3979,4040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Egyptian Tomb Bat</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06FCFC3AFCFA9EF021" box="[857,1382,3979,4040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FCFC3AFCFA9EF021" blockId="2.[174,1382,3979,4040]" box="[857,1382,3979,4040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06FCFC3AFCFA9EF021" ID-CoL="7WZCS" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1818" box="[857,1382,3979,4040]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perforatus">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FCFC3AFCFA9EF021" box="[857,1382,3979,4040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Taphozous perforatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06FF083AA3FAA0F002" box="[173,1368,4048,4075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FF083AA3FAA0F002" blockId="2.[173,1641,4048,4133]" box="[173,1368,4048,4075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF083AA3FEEEF003" bold="true" box="[173,278,4052,4074]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">French:</emphasis>
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Taphien perforé
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FE503AA7FD86F003" box="[501,638,4048,4075]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">I German</emphasis>
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: Ägyptische Grabfledermaus /
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FBBC3AA3FB6DF003" bold="true" box="[1049,1173,4052,4074]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FB3F3AA7FB08F002" box="[1178,1264,4048,4075]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Tafozo</emphasis>
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egipcio
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06FF08257AF991EFCC" box="[173,1641,4106,4133]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FF08257AF991EFCC" blockId="2.[173,1641,4048,4133]" box="[173,1641,4106,4133]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF08257AFE03EFCA" bold="true" box="[173,507,4109,4132]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Other common names:</emphasis>
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African Taphozous, Geoffrey'sTomb Bat, LesserTomb Bat, PerforatedTaphozous Bat
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06FF0E251BFA85EF7A" box="[171,1405,4204,4243]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FF0E251BFA85EF7A" blockId="2.[171,1781,4193,4302]" box="[171,1405,4204,4243]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF0E251BFE78EF7A" bold="true" box="[171,384,4204,4243]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FF0E251BFE80EF7A" box="[171,376,4204,4243]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Taxonomy</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06FE3E251BFA8EEF7A" ID-CoL="7WZCS" authority="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1818" box="[411,1398,4204,4243]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perforatus">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FE3E251BFCF2EF7A" box="[411,778,4204,4243]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Taphozous perforatus</emphasis>
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E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06FA37251BFD77EF20" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06FA37251BFD77EF20" blockId="2.[171,1781,4193,4302]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<materialsCitation id="3B143CB9FFCD4C06FA37251BFD77EF20" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595781771" country="Egypt" location="Royal Tomb, Kom Ombo, Nile Valley" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
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<location id="8EA3603FFFCD4C06FA37251BFDF1EF20" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFCD4C06FF0B3AFCF27EF58F:8EA3603FFFCD4C06FA37251BFDF1EF20" country="Egypt" name="Royal Tomb, Kom Ombo, Nile Valley" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06FA37251BFA02EF7A" bold="true" box="[1426,1530,4204,4243]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Royal</emphasis>
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Tomb, Kom Ombo, Nile Valley
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</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36B7674FFCD4C06FDBE25D5FD72EF20" box="[539,650,4258,4297]" name="Egypt" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06F5313416F296FE54" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06F5313416F296FE54" blockId="2.[2701,3502,353,924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06F5313416F3F5FE61" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1818" box="[2708,3085,353,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perforatus">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F5313416F3F5FE61" box="[2708,3085,353,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Taphozous perforatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is in the subgenus
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F53134E1F44EFE54" box="[2708,2998,406,445]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06F53134E1F4B0FE54" box="[2708,2888,406,445]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Taphozous</taxonomicName>
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. Four
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</emphasis>
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subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06F52A34BAF3A1FB99" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF03666CFFCD4C06F52A34BAF3A1FB99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3747906" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3747906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3747906/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" targetBox="[1878,2672,356,914]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06F52A34BAF352FE1D" blockId="2.[2701,3502,353,924]" box="[2703,3242,461,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F52A34BAF352FE1D" bold="true" box="[2703,3242,461,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06F5363777F26EFDB4" blockId="2.[2701,3502,353,924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F5603777F51FFDCE" box="[2757,2791,512,551]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">p.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06F55F3777F511FDB4" authority="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1818" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perforatus">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F55F3777F421FDCE" box="[2810,3033,512,551]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">perforatus E</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F4523777F367FDCE" box="[3063,3231,512,551]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Geoffroy</emphasis>
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Saint-Hilaire, 1818
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</taxonomicName>
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— Nile Valley in Egypt and N Sudan.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06F536371CF36AFC81" blockId="2.[2701,3502,353,924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F51E371CF525FD7B" box="[2747,2781,619,658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">p.</emphasis>
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haedinusThomas, 1915 - Middle East (Israel, Arabian Peninsula, and S Iran) E to India, and E Africa from
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F37637A2F289FD15" box="[3283,3441,725,764]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Djibouti</emphasis>
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to Kenya (including Lamu I) and Tanzania; it may also occur in Eritrea.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06F5373602F3B8FBEF" blockId="2.[2701,3502,353,924]" lastBlockId="2.[1876,3502,938,2662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F5613602F430FC75" box="[2756,3016,885,924]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">p. senegalensis</emphasis>
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Desmarest, 1820 - scattered localities in W Africa, from S Mauritania, Senegal, and Guinea-Bissau E to NW Nigeria and W Cameroon; it may occur in Guinea and Ivory Coast.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06F8F83163F3A1FB99" blockId="2.[1876,3502,938,2662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F82D3163F7D0FBD2" box="[1928,2088,1044,1083]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">p. sudani</emphasis>
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Thomas, 1915 —
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F6DF3163F589FBD2" box="[2426,2673,1044,1083]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">C & S Sudan</emphasis>
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, South Sudan, Uganda, and S through the Congo Basin to N & E Botswana, S Zimbabwe, and NE South Africa.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06F8F2310BF52AFAAA" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06F8F2310BF52AFAAA" blockId="2.[1876,3502,938,2662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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Descriptive
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F79B310BF755FB4A" bold="true" box="[2110,2221,1148,1187]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 71—85 mm, tail 22—30 mm, ear 15—20 mm, hindfoot 13—15 mm, forearm 54-67 mm; weight 23—33 mm. Dorsum of the Egyptian Tomb Bat is mousy gray, pale ash-brown (North Africa), or dark brown (Southern Africa). Throat and beard are buff, and gular pouch is present.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06F8F23026F3E9F779" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06F8F23026F601FA0B" blockId="2.[1876,3502,938,2662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F8F23026F81EFA91" box="[1879,2022,1361,1400]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Habitat</emphasis>
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. Primarily open woodland lowlands including
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06F4DF3026F329FA91" box="[2938,3281,1361,1400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F4DF3026F409FA91" box="[2938,3057,1361,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Acacia</emphasis>
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(Fabaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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and other
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F8FC30F1F814FA44" box="[1881,2028,1414,1453]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">types of</emphasis>
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thorn forest. The Egyptian Tomb Bat will forage in anthropomorphic settings including palm groves and gardens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06F8F23087F25FF997" blockId="2.[1876,3502,938,2662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F8F23087F75FF9FE" box="[1879,2215,1520,1559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Food and Feeding</emphasis>
|
||
. Fecal material from Egyptian Tomb Bats in Ethiopia contained
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06F2EE3087F810F9A0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(56%), Isoptera (14%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06F60B3355F582F9A0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2478,2682,1570,1609]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(10%), Orthoptera (8%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06F3C23355F2C9F9A0" box="[3175,3377,1570,1609]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3%), Neuroptera (2%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06F70C3320F6CCF997" box="[2217,2356,1623,1662]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCD4C06F6153320F548F997" box="[2480,2736,1623,1662]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1%), and unidentified insect parts (5%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06F8F233F9F662F8BA" blockId="2.[1876,3502,938,2662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F8F233F9F7FEF95C" box="[1879,2054,1678,1717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Breeding</emphasis>
|
||
. Egyptian Tomb Bats are polyestrous and capable of becoming pregnant twice a year. Females have been found simultaneously lactating and
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F3C733B4F2ECF903" box="[3170,3348,1731,1770]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">pregnant</emphasis>
|
||
. Gravid females have been found in November in south-eastern Zimbabwe, each with a single fetus in the right uterine hom.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06F8F13216F732F854" blockId="2.[1876,3502,938,2662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F8F13216F76EF861" bold="true" box="[1876,2198,1889,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Egyptian Tomb Bats roost in
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F5773216F4C2F861" box="[2770,2874,1889,1928]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">rocky</emphasis>
|
||
outcrops, stone buildings, wells, tunnels, and tombs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06F8F332BBF3E9F779" blockId="2.[1876,3502,938,2662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F8F332BBF4FBF81A" bold="true" box="[1878,2819,1996,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
In southern Africa, Egyptian Tomb Bats typically roost in
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F6A13D77F6A6F7CE" box="[2308,2398,2048,2087]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">tight</emphasis>
|
||
clusters of 6-8 individuals deep in protected crevices of
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F8F23D42F847F7B5" box="[1879,1983,2101,2140]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">rocky</emphasis>
|
||
outcrops, cracks or gaps in stone or concrete buildings, or deep cave recesses. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F8F03D1EF849F779" box="[1877,1969,2153,2192]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">West</emphasis>
|
||
Africa, colonies of hundreds of individuals form day roosts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06F8F23DE8F42FF624" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06F8F23DE8F42FF624" blockId="2.[1876,3502,938,2662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F8F23DE8F6E0F72F" box="[1879,2328,2207,2246]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
|
||
Status and
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F7BB3DE8F6E0F72F" bold="true" box="[2078,2328,2207,2246]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Conservation</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Classified as Least Concern on
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F4C73DE8F35BF72F" box="[2914,3235,2207,2246]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">TheIUCNRed List.</emphasis>
|
||
The Egyptian Tomb Bat has a large distribution and presumably large and stable overall population. It is present in many protected areas including Mapungubwe National Park in South Africa. No direct conservation measures are currently needed; however, it has not been recorded in protected areas in Pakistan or India. Being little studied, research on its distribution, abundance, reproduction, and ecology is needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCD4C06F8F23C95F27EF58F" pageId="2" pageNumber="351" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCD4C06F8F23C95F27EF58F" blockId="2.[1876,3502,938,2662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F8F23C95F7E3F614" bold="true" box="[1879,2075,2530,2557]" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bates & Harrison (1997), Bates, Harrison & Muni (1994a, 1994
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F4313C95F45DF614" box="[2964,2981,2530,2557]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">b</emphasis>
|
||
, 1994c), Bhat & Sreenivasan (1990), Brosset (1963), Harrison (1962), Harrison & Bates (1991), Hayman &
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F55F3F61F4DCF5D8" box="[2810,2852,2582,2609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Hill</emphasis>
|
||
(1971),
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F4353F61F3EAF5D8" box="[2960,3090,2582,2609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Koopman</emphasis>
|
||
(1993), Meester eta/. (1986), Molur eta/. (2002),
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F7C13F3CF71EF58F" box="[2148,2278,2635,2662]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Rosevear</emphasis>
|
||
(1965), Rydell &
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCD4C06F6603F3CF5DAF58F" box="[2501,2594,2635,2662]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="351">Yalden</emphasis>
|
||
(1997), Skinner & Chimimba (2005), Smithers &Wilson (1979).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |