753 lines
87 KiB
XML
753 lines
87 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="998C52E05F23B7249B254C99061AA81E">A new species of tree hyrax (Procaviidae: Dendrohyrax) from West Africa and the significance of the Niger-Volta interfluvium in mammalian biogeography</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="9E48F5ACB3B7DF79B1604E0FC08A1EB1">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="98580675895DFDF59419690E57AD84E1">2022</mods:date>
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(
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)
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ZooBank registration
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:
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.
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:
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Skin and skull of an adult of unknown sex,
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.
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(
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,
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),
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,
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.
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<emphasis id="B9084206FD06FFFCFCBCC9A3FC06F7C7" box="[809,962,1733,1754]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Distribution:</emphasis>
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Known only from the region between the
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and
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Rivers in West Africa, in moist and dry forest zones; this area encompasses portions of south-eastern
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, southern
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||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD06FFFCFB0FC844FB16F62A" box="[1178,1234,1826,1847]" name="Togo" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Togo</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD06FFFCFAD9C847FA55F62A" box="[1356,1425,1825,1847]" name="Benin" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
and south-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD06FFFCFB91C826FB9EF64B" box="[1028,1114,1856,1878]" name="Nigeria" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13478291FD06FFFCFBFCC826FB6CF648" box="[1129,1192,1856,1878]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[146,226,1729,1751]" captionTargetBox="[145,1427,1041,1689]" captionTargetId="graphics-473@2.[113,1459,1041,1689]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Point localities from which Dendrohyrax call recordings, skulls and tissue samples used in this study were collected, mapped according to current taxonomy (except for Niger–Volta interfluvial population). Triangles indicate calls; circles, skulls; diamonds, DNA; star, type locality; green, Dendrohyrax dorsalis sylvestris; dark blue, Dendrohyrax dorsalis nigricans; turquoise, Dendrohyrax dorsalis dorsalis; pink, Dendrohyrax dorsalis latrator; red, Dendrohyrax dorsalis emini; black, Dendrohyrax dorsalis marmota; purple, D. dorsalis ssp. undet.; orange, Dendrohyrax interfluvialis (Niger–Volta interfluvial)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6352103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6352103/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="541">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC39E14FD07FFFDFCAECFA0FA94F0AF" blockId="15.[827,1443,197,434]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B149449FD07FFFDFCAECFA0FB44F1E7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3706034372" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Nigeria" location="Nikrowa" municipality="Okomu Forest Reserve" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" specimenCode="NHMUK 50.337" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Edo State" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFCAECFA0FC76F1C6" box="[827,946,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C720B6FD07FFFDFCAECFA0FC68F1C6" box="[827,940,198,219]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDA366FFD07FFFDFC53CFA0FB40F1C6" box="[966,1156,197,219]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" type="Museum">NHMUK 50.337</specimenCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EA3C8CFFD07FFFDFB1ACFA3FB30F1C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D52F02FD06FFE3FCFCCA5DFB81F331:8EA3C8CFFD07FFFDFB1ACFA3FB30F1C6" box="[1167,1268,197,219]" country="Nigeria" municipality="Okomu Forest Reserve" name="Nikrowa" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Edo State">Nikrowa</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA7046EFD07FFFDFB6ACFA3FC5DF1E4" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Okomu Forest Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B850F6FD07FFFDFC30CF82FBDDF1E4" box="[933,1049,228,250]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Edo State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFBB3CF82FB44F1E7" box="[1062,1152,228,250]" name="Nigeria" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B149449FD07FFFDFB19CF82FB16F005" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3706034365" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Nigeria" location="Ohosu Forest Reserve" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" specimenCode="NHMUK 50.338" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Edo" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDA366FFD07FFFDFB19CF82FA89F1E7" box="[1164,1357,228,250]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" type="Museum">NHMUK 50.338</specimenCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EA3C8CFFD07FFFDFACDCF82FC2EF005" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D52F02FD06FFE3FCFCCA5DFB81F331:8EA3C8CFFD07FFFDFACDCF82FC2EF005" country="Nigeria" name="Ohosu Forest Reserve" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Edo">Ohosu Forest Reserve</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B850F6FD07FFFDFC62CE64FBAFF005" box="[1015,1131,258,280]" country="Nigeria" name="Edo" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Edo State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFBEDCE64FB16F005" box="[1144,1234,258,280]" name="Nigeria" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B149449FD07FFFDFB4BCE65FB59F02A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3706034339" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Nigeria" location="Ibadan" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" specimenCode="NHMUK 61.461" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oyo" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDA366FFD07FFFDFB4BCE65FA5BF005" box="[1246,1439,258,280]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" type="Museum">NHMUK 61.461</specimenCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EA3C8CFFD07FFFDFCAECE47FC52F02A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D52F02FD06FFE3FCFCCA5DFB81F331:8EA3C8CFFD07FFFDFCAECE47FC52F02A" box="[827,918,289,311]" country="Nigeria" name="Ibadan" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Oyo">Ibadan</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B850F6FD07FFFDFC32CE47FBEDF02B" box="[935,1065,289,310]" country="Nigeria" name="Oyo" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Oyo State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFBAECE47FB59F02A" box="[1083,1181,289,311]" name="Nigeria" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B149449FD07FFFDFB3ACE44FA59F04B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3706034302" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Western" country="Nigeria" location="Niger" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" specimenCode="NHMUK 1998.300" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Niger" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDA366FFD07FFFDFB3ACE44FA59F02B" box="[1199,1437,289,311]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" type="Museum">NHMUK 1998.300</specimenCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="2689FBC2FD07FFFDFCAECE26FC64F048" box="[827,928,320,341]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Western</collectorName>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B850F6FD07FFFDFC3ECE26FC34F04B" box="[939,1008,320,342]" country="Nigeria" name="Niger" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Niger</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B850F6FD07FFFDFC6ECE26FBFAF04B" box="[1019,1086,320,342]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">River</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B850F6FD07FFFDFBDCCE26FB4BF04B" box="[1097,1167,320,342]" country="Nigeria" name="Delta" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Delta</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B850F6FD07FFFDFB0BCE26FAEBF048" box="[1182,1327,320,342]" country="Nigeria" name="Delta" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Delta State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFAAACE26FA59F04B" box="[1343,1437,320,342]" name="Nigeria" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B149449FD07FFFDFCAECE39FC57F08E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3706034370" collectionCode="USNM" country="Nigeria" location="Sapoba Forest Reserve" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" specimenCode="USNM 377548" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Edo" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDA366FFD07FFFDFCAECE39FC34F069" box="[827,1008,350,372]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" type="Museum">USNM 377548</specimenCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EA3C8CFFD07FFFDFC68CE38FAD2F069" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D52F02FD06FFE3FCFCCA5DFB81F331:8EA3C8CFFD07FFFDFC68CE38FAD2F069" box="[1021,1302,350,372]" country="Nigeria" name="Sapoba Forest Reserve" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Edo">Sapoba Forest Reserve</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B850F6FD07FFFDFAB1CE38FA59F069" box="[1316,1437,350,372]" country="Nigeria" name="Edo" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Edo State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFCAECE1BFC57F08E" box="[827,915,381,403]" name="Nigeria" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B149449FD07FFFDFC08CE1BFB42F08E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3706034331" box="[925,1158,381,403]" collectorName="University" country="Ghana" location="Ghana" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName id="2689FBC2FD07FFFDFC08CE1BFBD3F08E" box="[925,1047,381,403]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">University</collectorName>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFBADCE1BFB42F08E" box="[1080,1158,381,403]" name="Ghana" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B149449FD07FFFDFB04CE18FA88F0AF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3706034376" collectorName="Legon & Zoology Museum ZD" country="Ghana" location="Tafi-Atome" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Volta" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName id="2689FBC2FD07FFFDFB04CE18FB1CF08E" box="[1169,1240,382,403]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Legon</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2689FBC2FD07FFFDFB76CE1BFCA4F0AC" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Zoology Museum ZD</collectorName>
|
||
/L/S3/001:
|
||
<location id="8EA3C8CFFD07FFFDFC41CEFAFB91F0AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D52F02FD06FFE3FCFCCA5DFB81F331:8EA3C8CFFD07FFFDFC41CEFAFB91F0AF" box="[980,1109,412,434]" country="Ghana" name="Tafi-Atome" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Volta">Tafi-Atome</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B850F6FD07FFFDFBCACEFAFB36F0AF" box="[1119,1266,412,434]" country="Ghana" name="Volta" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Volta Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFB69CEFAFA88F0AF" box="[1276,1356,412,434]" name="Ghana" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC39E14FD07FFFDFCAECEBDFAB3F3F8" blockId="15.[827,1444,475,742]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFCAECEBDFAC4F0ED" box="[827,1280,475,496]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Representative DNA sequences:</emphasis>
|
||
Sequences of mitochondrial DNA from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD07FFFDFB53CE9CFA67F312" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[1222,1443,505,527]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFB53CE9CFA67F312" box="[1222,1443,505,527]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were deposited in GenBank with the following accession numbers:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942F03F7FD07FFFDFBACCD50FB00F351" box="[1081,1220,566,588]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW147258" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD07FFFDFBACCD50FBABF351" box="[1081,1135,566,588]" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">MW</collectionCode>
|
||
147258
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
and
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942F03F7FD07FFFDFA9CCD50FA50F351" box="[1289,1428,566,588]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW147260" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD07FFFDFA9CCD50FAFBF351" box="[1289,1343,566,588]" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">MW</collectionCode>
|
||
147260
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942F03F7FD07FFFDFCAECD33FC7BF376" box="[827,959,597,619]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW147263" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD07FFFDFCAECD33FCABF376" box="[827,879,597,619]" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">MW</collectionCode>
|
||
147263
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFC44CD33FBC3F377" box="[977,1031,597,618]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Cytb</emphasis>
|
||
, five representatives);
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942F03F7FD07FFFDFA8DCD33FA5BF377" box="[1304,1439,597,618]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW147240" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD07FFFDFA8DCD33FA88F377" box="[1304,1356,597,618]" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">MW</collectionCode>
|
||
147240
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942F03F7FD07FFFDFCAECD12FC0DF394" box="[827,969,628,649]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW147242" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD07FFFDFCAECD12FCB6F394" box="[827,882,628,649]" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">MW</collectionCode>
|
||
147242
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942F03F7FD07FFFDFC4DCD12FBA2F394" box="[984,1126,628,649]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW147244" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD07FFFDFC4DCD12FBCBF394" box="[984,1039,628,649]" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">MW</collectionCode>
|
||
147244
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
and
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942F03F7FD07FFFDFB3BCD12FAFFF397" box="[1198,1339,628,650]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW147258" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD07FFFDFB3BCD12FB21F397" box="[1198,1253,628,650]" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">MW</collectionCode>
|
||
147258
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFAC6CD12FA58F394" box="[1363,1436,628,649]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD07FFFDFAC6CD12FA54F394" box="[1363,1424,628,649]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">COX</collectionCode>
|
||
1
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, six representatives);
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942F03F7FD07FFFDFBD6CDF4FB09F3B5" box="[1091,1229,658,680]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW592436" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD07FFFDFBD6CDF4FBBCF3B5" box="[1091,1144,658,680]" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">MW</collectionCode>
|
||
592436
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942F03F7FD07FFFDFB4ECDF4FAA1F3B5" box="[1243,1381,658,680]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW592438" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD07FFFDFB4ECDF4FAD4F3B5" box="[1243,1296,658,680]" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">MW</collectionCode>
|
||
592438
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
(full mitogenomes, three representatives). Details are given in the Supporting Information (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FEABAFFD07FFFDFB37CDB6FAD6F3F8" box="[1186,1298,720,742]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[144,208,433,455]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 2. Skull measurements from seven populations of Dendrohyrax" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF03CE9CFD02FFF8FF05CED7FCABF0DA" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" tableUuid="DF03CE9CFD02FFF8FF05CED7FCABF0DA">Tables S2</tableCitation>
|
||
and S
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FEABAFFD07FFFDFACFCDB6FAACF3F8" box="[1370,1384,720,741]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="12.[145,209,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Table 3. Component loadings for the first three eigenvectors from principal components analysis of a variance–covariance matrix of 15 skull variables from seven populations of Dendrohyrax (Fig. 4A). Variables are listed in order by their loadings on principal component (PC) 1. Abbreviations for variables are defined in Table 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF03CE9CFD04FFFEFF04CFA2FD2CF071" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" tableUuid="DF03CE9CFD04FFFEFF04CFA2FD2CF071">3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC39E14FD07FFFDFCAECC76FCB5F5AE" blockId="15.[827,1443,784,1203]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFCAECC76FC01F238" box="[827,965,784,805]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name acknowledges the geographical range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD07FFFDFBD2CC49FAC0F25E" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[1095,1284,814,836]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFBD2CC49FAC0F25E" box="[1095,1284,814,836]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
between two of the largest rivers in West Africa: the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFA97CC2BFA87F27E" box="[1282,1347,845,867]" name="Niger" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Volta. The English name ‘
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFBFCCC0AFB74F29F" box="[1129,1200,876,898]" name="Benin" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
tree hyrax’ (used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEDE3E5FD07FFFDFCAECCECFBE0F2BD" author="Bearder SK & Oates JF & Dowsett-Lemaire F & Dowsett R" box="[827,1060,906,928]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" pagination="2 - 5" refId="ref16645" refString="Bearder SK, Oates JF, Dowsett-Lemaire F, Dowsett R. 2015. Evidence of an undescribed form of tree hyrax in the forests of western Nigeria and the Dahomey Gap. Afrotherian Conservation 11: 2 - 5." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Bearder
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFC37CCEDFC1AF282" box="[930,990,906,928]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) refers to the occurrence of this species in the south of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFBFDCCCFFAF6F2A2" box="[1128,1330,937,959]" name="Benin" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Republic of Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
(formerly
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFCAECCAEFC6DF2C3" box="[827,937,968,990]" name="Benin" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Dahomey</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and in proximity to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFB34CCAEFB22F2C3" box="[1185,1254,968,990]" name="Benin" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
City in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFAD0CCAEFA5BF2C3" box="[1349,1439,968,990]" name="Nigeria" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFCAECC80FC44F2E1" box="[827,896,998,1020]" name="Benin" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
City was once the capital of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFB6ECC80FA84F2E1" box="[1275,1344,998,1020]" name="Benin" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
Empire, whose influence at its height extended from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFAF7CB63FA66F506" box="[1378,1442,1029,1051]" name="Niger" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
to present-day
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFC72CB42FBF2F527" box="[999,1078,1060,1082]" name="Ghana" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
; these lands are adjacent to the Bight of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFC0FCB24FC1AF545" box="[922,990,1090,1112]" name="Benin" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFBEBCB24FB10F545" box="[1150,1236,1090,1112]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEDE3E5FD07FFFDFB48CB24FBC4F56A" author="Dowsett-Lemaire F & Dowsett RJ" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" refId="ref17350" refString="Dowsett-Lemaire F, Dowsett RJ. 2019. The birds of Benin and Togo. Sumene: Tauraco Press." type="book" year="2019">Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used the name ‘
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFB20CB07FAE6F56A" box="[1205,1314,1121,1143]" name="Benin" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Dahomey</collectingCountry>
|
||
tree hyrax’ for the population of this species living in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFAA2CBE6FA67F58B" box="[1335,1443,1152,1174]" name="Benin" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Dahomey</collectingCountry>
|
||
Gap.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC39E14FD07FFFDFCAECBB8FB11F71B" blockId="15.[827,1443,1245,1850]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFCAECBB8FB2EF5EF" box="[827,1258,1245,1267]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
Diagnosis:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD07FFFDFC2BCBBBFB2EF5EF" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[958,1258,1245,1266]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">Dendrohyrax interfluvialis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a distinctive ‘rattle–bark’ loud call, different in structure from the ‘klaxon’ call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD07FFFDFC78CA7DFBAFF432" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1005,1131,1306,1328]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFC78CA7DFBAFF432" box="[1005,1131,1306,1328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">D. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD07FFFDFB3BCA7DFAF1F432" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[1198,1333,1306,1328]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFB3BCA7DFAF1F432" box="[1198,1333,1306,1328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">D. arboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
loud call varies regionally and resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD07FFFDFB67CA5CFA67F453" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[1266,1443,1337,1359]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFB67CA5CFA67F453" box="[1266,1443,1337,1359]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in exhibiting a series of rattles, but differs by ending in a number of raucous screams (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEDE3E5FD07FFFDFB5DCA10FCB6F4B7" author="Milner JM & Gaylard A" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" pagination="152 - 155" refId="ref18886" refString="Milner JM, Gaylard A. 2013. Dendrohyrax arboreus - southern tree hyrax (southern tree dassie). In: Kingdon J, Happold D, Hoffmann M, Butynski T, Happold M, Kalina J, eds. Mammals of Africa (Volume 1): introductory chapters and Afrotheria. London: Bloomsbury, 152 - 155." type="book chapter" year="2013">Milner & Gaylard, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD07FFFDFC12CAF3FBBDF4B7" authorityName="True" authorityYear="1890" box="[903,1145,1429,1450]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="validus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFC12CAF3FBBDF4B7" box="[903,1145,1429,1450]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Dendrohyrax validus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
loud calls sound different and have been divided into three regionally distinct
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C720B6FD07FFFDFCAECAB5FCBCF4F5" box="[827,888,1491,1512]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">types</typeStatus>
|
||
(variously described as ‘knocks’, ‘hacs’, ‘thwacks’ and ‘wheezes’) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEDE3E5FD07FFFDFC7ECA97FB02F71B" author="Roberts D & Topp-Jorgensen E & Moyer D" box="[1003,1222,1521,1543]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" pagination="158 - 161" refId="ref19686" refString="Roberts D, Topp-Jorgensen E, Moyer D. 2013. Dendrohyrax validus - eastern tree hyrax. In: Kingdon J, Happold D, Hoffmann M, Butynski T, Happold M, Kalina J, eds. Mammals of Africa (Volume 1): introductory chapters and Afrotheria. London: Bloomsbury, 158 - 161." type="book chapter" year="2013">
|
||
Roberts
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFBDFCA94FB46F71B" box="[1098,1154,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC39E14FD07FFE2FCC6C976FD3DF331" blockId="15.[827,1443,1245,1850]" lastBlockId="16.[145,762,197,1262]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
The pelage of the flanks and outer limb surfaces of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD07FFFDFCAEC949FC3CF75E" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[827,1016,1582,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFCAEC949FC3CF75E" box="[827,1016,1582,1604]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is brindled dark brown and lighter yellow–brown, in contrast to the predominantly dark brown to blackish dorsal colour seen in populations of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFCAEC9EDFC1CF782" box="[827,984,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD07FFFDFCC9C9ECFC1CF782" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[860,984,1674,1695]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">d. dorsalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFC7DC9EDFB53F7BD" box="[1000,1175,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">D. d. nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFB40C9EDFA47F782" box="[1237,1411,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">D. d. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
in other parts of West Africa. Individuals of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFAB6C9CCFA67F7A2" box="[1315,1443,1705,1727]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">D. d. emini</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFCE0C9AEFBDBF7C0" box="[885,1055,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">D. d. latrator</emphasis>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD07FFFDFB33C9AEFB37F7C0" box="[1190,1267,1736,1757]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
Basin and of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFCAEC981FC18F7E1" box="[827,988,1766,1788]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">D. d. marmota</emphasis>
|
||
from the western shore of Lake Victoria are generally much paler in colour than the West African tree hyraxes; they typically have brindled light grey–brown dorsal coats, tinged with yellow on the flanks and rump. However, some
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FDE3CF83FD3DF1E4" box="[630,761,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. d. emini</emphasis>
|
||
individuals are dark brown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEDE3E5FD18FFE2FE73CE65FDA0F005" author="Hatt RT" box="[486,612,258,280]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" pagination="117 - 141" refId="ref18033" refString="Hatt RT. 1936. The hyraxes collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 117 - 141." type="journal article" year="1936">Hatt, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal pelage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FE9ECE44FE5EF02B" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[267,410,289,311]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FE9ECE44FE5EF02B" box="[267,410,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. arboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is grey or brown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEDE3E5FD18FFE2FD12CE47FEF7F048" author="Milner JM & Gaylard A" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" pagination="152 - 155" refId="ref18886" refString="Milner JM, Gaylard A. 2013. Dendrohyrax arboreus - southern tree hyrax (southern tree dassie). In: Kingdon J, Happold D, Hoffmann M, Butynski T, Happold M, Kalina J, eds. Mammals of Africa (Volume 1): introductory chapters and Afrotheria. London: Bloomsbury, 152 - 155." type="book chapter" year="2013">Milner & Gaylard, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FE5FCE26FDFAF048" authorityName="True" authorityYear="1890" box="[458,574,320,341]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="validus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FE5FCE26FDFAF048" box="[458,574,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. validus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
varies in colour from cinnamon brown to black; the long hairs around the dorsal gland of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FEE5CE18FE20F08F" authorityName="True" authorityYear="1890" box="[368,484,381,403]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="validus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FEE5CE18FE20F08F" box="[368,484,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. validus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are yellow or cinnamon in colour, compared with white or creamy white in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FF4FCEDCFEB2F0D2" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1868" box="[218,374,442,463]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FF4FCEDCFEB2F0D2" box="[218,374,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">Dendrohyrax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEDE3E5FD18FFE2FE52CEDCFD77F0CD" author="Roberts D & Topp-Jorgensen E & Moyer D" box="[455,691,442,464]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" pagination="158 - 161" refId="ref19686" refString="Roberts D, Topp-Jorgensen E, Moyer D. 2013. Dendrohyrax validus - eastern tree hyrax. In: Kingdon J, Happold D, Hoffmann M, Butynski T, Happold M, Kalina J, eds. Mammals of Africa (Volume 1): introductory chapters and Afrotheria. London: Bloomsbury, 158 - 161." type="book chapter" year="2013">
|
||
Roberts
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FDB8CEDDFDAEF0D2" box="[557,618,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The considerable variation in coat colour both between and within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FE8ACE9EFE7FF310" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1868" box="[287,443,504,525]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FE8ACE9EFE7FF310" box="[287,443,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">Dendrohyrax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations has probably contributed to the confused state of current taxonomy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF03CE9CFD07FFFDFF36C9EDFF2BF629" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6352121" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6352121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6352121/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" startId="15.[163,246,1675,1697]" targetBox="[188,753,195,1635]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC39E14FD07FFFDFF36C9EDFF2BF629" blockId="15.[163,779,1675,1844]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFF36C9EDFED0F7BD" bold="true" box="[163,276,1675,1697]" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
A, B, camera-trap images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD07FFFDFDFCC9EDFEFAF7A3" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD07FFFDFDFCC9EDFEFAF7A3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="542">Dendrohyrax interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in front of rock crevices at Nyagbo Anyigbe, Volta Region, Ghana, in March 2020: A, at 09.12 h; and B, at 23.30 h. C, view of part of Nyagbo Anyigbe; the hill where hyraxes were photographed is on the left, behind the village.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC39E14FD18FFE2FF3CCD53FDCDF5F0" blockId="16.[145,762,197,1262]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">
|
||
The skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FED0CD50FDC1F357" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[325,517,565,587]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FED0CD50FDC1F357" box="[325,517,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from that of most populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FEE6CD32FE28F374" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[371,492,596,617]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FEE6CD32FE28F374" box="[371,492,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a short upper diastema (shorter LUD than
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FE4FCD15FDAAF39A" box="[474,622,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">
|
||
D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FE6DCD14FDAAF39A" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[504,622,626,647]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">d. dorsalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FDECCD15FD36F395" box="[633,754,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. d. emini</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FF04CDF4FEF6F3BB" box="[145,306,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. d. latrator</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FEE6CDF4FDE3F3BB" box="[371,551,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. d. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
) and a mandible with a higher and broader mandibular condyle (higher MCH and broader MCW than
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FDC3CDA9FD37F3FE" box="[598,755,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">
|
||
D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FDE2CDA8FD37F3FE" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[631,755,718,739]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">d. dorsalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FF04CD88FECDF21E" box="[145,265,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. d. emini</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FE80CD88FE61F21F" box="[277,421,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. d. latrator</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FE4ECD88FDB8F21F" box="[475,636,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. d. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
). The skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FF38CC6AFEA2F23C" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[173,358,780,801]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FF38CC6AFEA2F23C" box="[173,358,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from that of populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FF04CC4DFEC9F222" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[145,269,810,832]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FF04CC4DFEC9F222" box="[145,269,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found to its east in being relatively short, with a shorter, narrower rostrum, narrow nasal choanae, a short palate and a short lower toothrow (shorter average
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD18FFE2FEE5CCE0FE6DF286" box="[368,425,902,923]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">CPL</collectionCode>
|
||
, shorter
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD18FFE2FDB5CCE1FDA0F281" box="[544,612,903,924]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">LTPL</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD18FFE2FD3FCCE1FD37F281" box="[682,755,903,924]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">PBPL</collectionCode>
|
||
, narrower
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD18FFE2FE9DCCC3FE83F2A7" box="[264,327,933,954]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">GWR</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD18FFE2FE13CCC3FE00F2A7" box="[390,452,933,954]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">PWC</collectionCode>
|
||
, shorter PPL and shorter
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD18FFE2FF04CCA2FF06F2C4" box="[145,194,964,985]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">LTL</collectionCode>
|
||
than
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FE9BCCA2FE74F2C4" box="[270,432,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">
|
||
D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FEA5CCA2FE74F2C4" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[304,432,964,985]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">d. dorsalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FE54CCA2FD8CF2C4" box="[449,584,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. d. emini</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FDCDCCA2FD3DF2C4" box="[600,761,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. d. latrator</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FF5DCC85FEB9F2E5" box="[200,381,994,1016]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. d. nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
). The skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FDA0CC85FD3DF2EA" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[565,761,994,1016]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FDA0CC85FD3DF2EA" box="[565,761,994,1016]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from that of populations to its west in being moderately broad, with a moderately broad interorbital region, broader nasal choanae and a moderately high lambdoidal crest (wider ZB, broader
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD18FFE2FDC1CB3BFD46F56F" box="[596,642,1117,1138]" country="Liberia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14548" name="University of Liberia" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" type="Herbarium">LIB</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD18FFE2FD57CB3BFD37F56F" box="[706,755,1117,1138]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">GIB</collectionCode>
|
||
, broader
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD18FFE2FF61CB1AFEEBF58C" box="[244,303,1148,1169]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">PWC</collectionCode>
|
||
and higher LCH than
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FDAACB1AFD2EF58C" box="[575,746,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. d. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
). The width across the incisive foramina (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD18FFE2FD14CBFCFD14F5AD" box="[641,720,1178,1200]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">MWIF</collectionCode>
|
||
) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FF04CBDCFE91F5D3" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[145,341,1209,1231]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FF04CBDCFE91F5D3" box="[145,341,1209,1231]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is broader than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FDDBCBDCFD35F5D3" box="[590,753,1209,1231]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. d. latrator</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FF04CBBEFEE2F5F0" box="[145,294,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">
|
||
D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FF3ACBBEFEE2F5F0" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[175,294,1240,1261]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="546" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">d. dorsalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FECACBBEFDC6F5F0" box="[351,514,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. d. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC39E14FD18FFE2FF04CA71FA9CF0AC" blockId="16.[145,761,1302,1907]" lastBlockId="16.[809,1426,197,1016]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FF04CA71FED8F431" box="[145,284,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
A medium-sized (head and body length
|
||
<quantity id="4C8433F1FD18FFE2FF04CA53FECCF457" box="[145,264,1333,1355]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" unit="cm" value="52.5" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="50.0">50–55 cm</quantity>
|
||
), robust, short-legged mammal, with no external tail. Like other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FDFBCA32FD30F477" authorityName="Huxley" authorityYear="1869" box="[622,756,1364,1386]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Hyracoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the forefeet have four blunt toes (although the fourth digit is vestigial) and the hind feet have three. Most toes have short nails, but those on the first digits of the hind feet are longer and more claw like. The ears are relatively small (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8433F1FD18FFE2FEC5CA8BFE5BF71F" box="[336,415,1517,1539]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
), rounded and black, bearing a few short hairs. The coat is thick and coarse. The dorsal surfaces, including the flanks and outer surfaces of the limbs, are predominantly brindled tawny brown in colour (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13478291FD18FFE2FE92C90EFE9FF763" box="[263,347,1640,1662]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="15.[163,246,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[188,753,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-492@15.[188,753,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 6. A, B, camera-trap images of Dendrohyrax interfluvialis in front of rock crevices at Nyagbo Anyigbe, Volta Region, Ghana, in March 2020: A, at 09.12 h; and B, at 23.30 h. C, view of part of Nyagbo Anyigbe; the hill where hyraxes were photographed is on the left, behind the village." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6352121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6352121/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
), an appearance resulting from the light brown tips of otherwise dark grey hairs. The midline of the back has predominantly blackish grey hairs with few light tips, except for a conspicuous middorsal patch of long (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8433F1FD18FFE2FE05C984FE21F7E5" box="[400,485,1762,1784]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
) creamy white erectile hairs associated with an apocrine skin gland. The ventral coat is light buffy brown. There are long black vibrissae on the eyebrows (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8433F1FD18FFE2FE53C858FDFAF649" box="[454,574,1854,1876]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="47.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="35.0">35–60 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, mean
|
||
<quantity id="4C8433F1FD18FFE2FF04C83BFF26F66F" box="[145,226,1885,1906]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="47.0">47 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and slightly longer, stouter vibrissae on the snout (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8433F1FD18FFE2FCECCFA3FC31F1C7" box="[889,1013,197,219]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="52.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="35.0">35–70 mm</quantity>
|
||
, mean
|
||
<quantity id="4C8433F1FD18FFE2FBDFCFA3FB5EF1C7" box="[1098,1178,197,219]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 mm</quantity>
|
||
) posterior to an area of naked black skin surrounding the nostrils. There is also a scattering of white vibrissae beneath the chin, and the dorsal neck has a scattering of long, light guard hairs. The dorsal surfaces of the feet are covered with short dark grey hairs, and the soles of the feet have padded pinkish grey–brown skin. The perineal skin is pink, with scattered grey and white hairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC39E14FD18FFE2FCD4CEDCFBD6F2E5" blockId="16.[809,1426,197,1016]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">
|
||
Compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FB95CEDDFBBBF0D2" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1024,1151,442,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FB95CEDDFBBBF0D2" box="[1024,1151,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FB1BCEDDFA8DF0D2" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[1166,1353,442,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FB1BCEDDFA8DF0D2" box="[1166,1353,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a relatively small, narrow skull with a short, narrow rostrum; a short upper toothrow; a short upper diastema; narrow nasal choanae; and a low lambdoidal crest. The mandible has a high, broad mandibular condyle and short lower toothrow. From its neighbour to the east,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FC2FCD15FBAFF395" box="[954,1131,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. d. nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FBEECD15FAFEF39A" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[1147,1338,626,648]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FBEECD15FAFEF39A" box="[1147,1338,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having a shorter, narrower skull with a shorter, narrower rostrum; shorter palate; shorter maxillary and mandibular toothrows; shorter upper diastema; much narrower nasal choanae; and broader width across the incisive foramina. From its neighbour to the west, the eastern population of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FB4FCC4DFA4EF222" box="[1242,1418,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. d. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FCBCCC2FFC1AF243" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[809,990,841,862]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FCBCCC2FFC1AF243" box="[809,990,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in averaging a slightly longer, broader skull, with a shorter, broader rostrum; broader interorbital region; shorter upper diastema; broader nasal choanae; higher lambdoidal crest; broader width across the incisive foramina; and higher, broader mandibular condyle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC39E14FD18FFE2FCBCCB47FB37F5F3" blockId="16.[809,1425,1057,1907]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FCBCCB47FBADF52B" box="[809,1129,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">Ecology and natural history:</emphasis>
|
||
Direct field observations of the feeding behaviour of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FBCCCB26FACFF549" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[1113,1291,1087,1109]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FBCCCB26FACFF549" box="[1113,1291,1087,1109]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or analyses of its stomach contents have not been made. In the literature,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FC37CB1BFBDFF58F" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[930,1051,1149,1170]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FC37CB1BFBDFF58F" box="[930,1051,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described as typically foraging alone on leaves, fruits, bark and twigs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEDE3E5FD18FFE2FAB4CBFDFC08F5D2" author="Shultz S & Roberts D" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" pagination="155 - 157" refId="ref20048" refString="Shultz S, Roberts D. 2013. Dendrohyrax dorsalis: western tree hyrax. In: Kingdon J, Happold D, Hoffmann M, Butynski T, Happold M, Kalina J, eds. Mammals of Africa (Volume 1): introductory chapters and Afrotheria. London: Bloomsbury, 155 - 157." type="book chapter" year="2013">Shultz & Roberts, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but we have not found reliable data from the field to support this statement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC39E14FD18FFE3FCD4CB91FD94F02A" blockId="16.[809,1425,1057,1907]" lastBlockId="17.[163,780,197,955]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="544" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEDE3E5FD18FFE2FCD4CB91FC2AF410" author="Bloomer P" box="[833,1006,1271,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" pagination="152" refId="ref16686" refString="Bloomer P. 2013. Genus Dendrohyrax - Tree hyraxes. In: Kingdon J, Happold D, Hoffmann M, Butynski T, Happold M, Kalina J, eds. Mammals of Africa (Volume 1): introductory chapters and Afrotheria. London: Bloomsbury, 152." type="book chapter" year="2013">Bloomer (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FB1DCB91FAB6F410" box="[1160,1394,1271,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FB1DCB91FAD8F411" box="[1160,1308,1271,1292]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">Dendrohyrax</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as arboreal and nocturnal. However, our camera trapping in Ghana’s Volta Region shows
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FB50CA53FA55F457" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[1221,1425,1333,1354]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FB50CA53FA55F457" box="[1221,1425,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
moving in and out of rock crevices on steep hill slopes, both in daylight and at night (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13478291FD18FFE2FAB5CA14FAA0F495" box="[1312,1380,1394,1416]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="15.[163,246,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[188,753,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-492@15.[188,753,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 6. A, B, camera-trap images of Dendrohyrax interfluvialis in front of rock crevices at Nyagbo Anyigbe, Volta Region, Ghana, in March 2020: A, at 09.12 h; and B, at 23.30 h. C, view of part of Nyagbo Anyigbe; the hill where hyraxes were photographed is on the left, behind the village." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6352121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6352121/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
); of 22 separate camera sequences of hyraxes moving on the ground near these rocks, nine were recorded during the night and 13 by day. Local people report that the hyraxes sleep among these rocks. In the same area, tree hyrax remains have been observed in snares set for ground-living farm pests, such as cane rats (S.K.B. and J.F.O., personal observations, 2016). Terrestrial locomotion (and possibly feeding) is probably a particularly significant component of the behaviour of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FC57C9C3FBBEF7A7" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[962,1146,1701,1722]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FC57C9C3FBBEF7A7" box="[962,1146,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, at least within the dry forests and wooded savannas of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD18FFE2FB73C9A5FA93F7C4" box="[1254,1367,1731,1753]" name="Benin" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">Dahomey</collectingCountry>
|
||
Gap in south-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD18FFE2FC7AC984FBFAF7E5" box="[1007,1086,1762,1784]" name="Ghana" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD18FFE2FB2CC984FB2BF7EA" box="[1209,1263,1762,1783]" name="Togo" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">Togo</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD18FFE2FCBCC867FCB4F60A" box="[809,880,1793,1815]" name="Benin" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where trees are often widely spaced. Although there is little ecological information associated with most museum specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD18FFE2FBE1C859FAEAF64E" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[1140,1326,1854,1876]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD18FFE2FBE1C859FAEAF64E" box="[1140,1326,1854,1876]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="543">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the tag attached to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6D06D1FD18FFE2FC26C83BFBDFF66F" box="[947,1051,1885,1906]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="16" pageNumber="543" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
50.338, collected by P. F. Mason in
|
||
<quantity id="4C8433F1FD19FFE3FF2ACFA3FED7F1C6" box="[191,275,197,219]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.92506" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" unit="in" value="1939.0">1939 in</quantity>
|
||
the Ohosu Forest Reserve (in what was then the north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD19FFE3FEA3CF82FEB8F1E7" box="[310,380,228,250]" name="Benin" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
Province, western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD19FFE3FDC8CF82FD7CF1E7" box="[605,696,228,250]" name="Nigeria" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
), notes that the animal was ‘shot on ground in high forest containing some secondary regrowth’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC39E14FD19FFE3FF2ECE26FEEAF2A7" blockId="17.[163,780,197,955]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">
|
||
Behaviour such as terrestrial movement, hiding amongrocksanddiurnalactivitymightbemorecommon among tree hyraxes generally than has been assumed. In the Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD19FFE3FDCECEFAFD60F0AF" box="[603,676,412,434]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
) in 1996, F.D.-L. observed a
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD19FFE3FEE6CEDDFDDCF0CD" box="[371,536,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">D. d. nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
walking slowly along a sloping mossy trunk close to the ground in swamp forest during daytime, and in his original description of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD19FFE3FF55CD71FEBDF336" box="[192,377,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">
|
||
Hyrax
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD19FFE3FE85CD70FEBDF336" box="[272,377,534,555]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Heterohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stampflii">stampflii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(=
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD19FFE3FE34CD71FD8FF336" box="[417,587,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">D. d. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEDE3E5FD19FFE3FDF7CD70FF12F356" author="Jentink FA" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" pagination="209 - 212" refId="ref18225" refString="Jentink FA. 1886. On a new species of hyrax (Hyrax stampflii) from Liberia. Notes from the Leyden Museum 8: 209 - 212." type="journal article" year="1886">Jentink (1886: 212)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote that the specimen collected by Stampfli in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD19FFE3FF51CD32FEDFF377" box="[196,283,596,618]" name="Liberia" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
was ‘captured in a cavern of a very high rock’. In montane forest at
|
||
<quantity id="4C8433F1FD19FFE3FE46CD15FDE2F395" box="[467,550,627,648]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. in the Virunga Volcanoes in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD19FFE3FED4CDF7FE60F3BA" box="[321,420,657,679]" name="Rwanda" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a radio-tracking study found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD19FFE3FF36CDD6FEEAF3D8" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[163,302,688,709]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD19FFE3FF36CDD6FEEAF3D8" box="[163,302,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">D. arboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
active throughout the 24 h cycle, with adult females being equally active by day and by night (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEDE3E5FD19FFE3FF65CD8BFE36F21F" author="Milner JM & Harris S" box="[240,498,749,771]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" pagination="267 - 280" refId="ref18949" refString="Milner JM, Harris S. 1999. Activity patterns and feeding behaviour of the tree hyrax, Dendrohyrax arboreus, in the Parc National des Volcans, Rwanda. African Journal of Ecology 37: 267 - 280." type="journal article" year="1999">Milner & Harris, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and at
|
||
<quantity id="4C8433F1FD19FFE3FDCECD8BFD74F21E" box="[603,688,749,771]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" unit="m" value="4000.0">4000 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. in the Afroalpine zone of the Ruwenzori Mountains in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD19FFE3FF36CC4CFF3BF25D" box="[163,255,810,832]" name="Uganda" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD19FFE3FE9FCC4DFE48F222" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[266,396,810,832]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD19FFE3FE9FCC4DFE48F222" box="[266,396,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">D. arboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is often observed among rocks on the ground in daylight (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEDE3E5FD19FFE3FE3ECC2FFD8AF243" author="Kingdon J" box="[427,590,841,863]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" refId="ref18349" refString="Kingdon J. 1971. East African mammals: an atlas of evolution in Africa, Vol. 1. London: Academic Press." type="book" year="1971">Kingdon, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEDE3E5FD19FFE3FDCCCC2CFF1FF260" author="Mason JL & Oates JF" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" pagination="648 - 653" refId="ref18787" refString="Mason JL, Oates JF. 1977. Blue mountains of the Moon. Geographical Magazine 49: 648 - 653." type="journal article" year="1977">Mason & Oates, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the mountains of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD19FFE3FE70CC0EFD90F263" box="[485,596,872,894]" name="Tanzania" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD19FFE3FDF4CC0EFD1DF260" authorityName="True" authorityYear="1890" box="[609,729,872,893]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="validus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD19FFE3FDF4CC0EFD1DF260" box="[609,729,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">D. validus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported to den among large boulders (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEDE3E5FD19FFE3FD25CCE0FEDAF2A7" author="Roberts D & Topp-Jorgensen E & Moyer D" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" pagination="158 - 161" refId="ref19686" refString="Roberts D, Topp-Jorgensen E, Moyer D. 2013. Dendrohyrax validus - eastern tree hyrax. In: Kingdon J, Happold D, Hoffmann M, Butynski T, Happold M, Kalina J, eds. Mammals of Africa (Volume 1): introductory chapters and Afrotheria. London: Bloomsbury, 158 - 161." type="book chapter" year="2013">
|
||
Roberts
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD19FFE3FF36CCC0FF1FF2A7" box="[163,219,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC39E14FD19FFE3FF36CC9AFB81F331" blockId="17.[163,779,1020,1900]" lastBlockId="17.[827,1444,197,556]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD19FFE3FF36CC9AFEF8F50C" box="[163,316,1020,1041]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||
Probably as a result of its cryptic habits, the fact that it is at least partly nocturnal and arboreal, its apparently solitary foraging activities and the lack of obvious nocturnal ‘eyeshine’ owing to the absence of a tapetum lucidum,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD19FFE3FEFACB11FDD9F596" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[367,541,1142,1164]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD19FFE3FEFACB11FDD9F596" box="[367,541,1142,1164]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not readily located by human hunters and does not appear to be a major target of hunting for meat; the species is not commonly encountered in bushmeat markets. Nor is it hunted as a crop pest, although it is occasionally snared in traps set for rodent pests. Skins and heads of hyraxes, including from the new species, have been observed in fetish markets in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD19FFE3FD88CA2BFDA1F47E" box="[541,613,1357,1379]" name="Benin" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
(‘marchés de dépouilles’; C.A.M.S.D. and P.G., personal observations), indicating that this hyrax is one of a range of species hunted for traditional practices. A greater threat to the survival of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD19FFE3FEB0CAAEFE1FF4C0" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[293,475,1480,1501]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD19FFE3FEB0CAAEFE1FF4C0" box="[293,475,1480,1501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations is likely to be the loss of habitat resulting from conversion of forest to cropland (including tree plantations) and from dryseason burning to promote the growth of grassland for consumption by domestic stock. Such habitat loss is exacerbated by the continuing growth of human populations in the range of this species and the spread of settlements and roads. According to an assessment by the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEDE3E5FD19FFE3FF66C9DBFEBCF7CE" author="FAO" box="[243,376,1725,1747]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" refId="ref17396" refString="FAO. 2015. Global forest resources assessment 2015. Desk reference. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations." type="book" year="2015">FAO (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the average annual rate of loss of forest and woodland in the 1990–2015 period was 1.2% in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD19FFE3FF54C99CFEC3F60D" box="[193,263,1786,1808]" name="Benin" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 3.5% in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD19FFE3FEFAC99CFE01F60D" box="[367,453,1786,1808]" name="Nigeria" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and 5.0% in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD19FFE3FDCFC99DFD56F60D" box="[602,658,1787,1808]" name="Togo" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Togo</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The same FAO document reports an average annual increase of 0.3% in forest and woodland in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD19FFE3FDBBC85EFDBFF653" box="[558,635,1848,1870]" name="Ghana" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the same period, but this is not consistent with the estimate by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEDE3E5FD19FFE3FCAECFA3FB16F1C6" author="Dowsett-Lemaire F & Dowsett RJ" box="[827,1234,197,219]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" refId="ref17327" refString="Dowsett-Lemaire F, Dowsett RJ. 2014. The birds of Ghana: an atlas and handbook. Liege: Tauraco Press." type="book" year="2014">Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of a 1–2% annual rate of deforestation in 41 forest reserves in south-west
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36BDE84FD19FFE3FCAECE64FC48F005" box="[827,908,258,280]" name="Ghana" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, based on a comparison of observations from their field surveys in 2008–2010 with assessments made in 1990–1992 by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEDE3E5FD19FFE3FBA8CE59FA59F048" author="Hawthorne WD & Abu-Juam M" box="[1085,1437,319,341]" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" refId="ref18062" refString="Hawthorne WD, Abu-Juam M. 1995. Forest protection in Ghana. Gland: IUCN." type="book" year="1995">Hawthorne & Abu-Juam (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In the absence of numerical evidence of population size or rate of decline for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7CE597FD19FFE3FBE0CE18FAF1F08F" authorityName="Oates & Woodman & Gaubert & Sargis & Wiafe & Lecompte & Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett & Gonedelé Bi & Ikemeh & Djagoun & Tomsett & Bearder" authorityYear="2022" box="[1141,1333,381,403]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interfluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9084206FD19FFE3FBE0CE18FAF1F08F" box="[1141,1333,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="544">D. interfluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Red List threat category that probably applies best to this species at this time is ‘Least Concern’, but the general rate of habitat loss within its range suggests that a ‘Near Threatened’ designation might be appropriate, at least in the near future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |