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<document id="702C4B421DB2B431EAE7D1CA291FB9BA" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2024.2345927" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13219746" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1722843405104" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Araujo, Thiago Q., Walsh, Elizabeth J., Wallace, Robert L. &amp; Hochberg, Rick" docDate="2024" docId="03D3D10EFFA0FFE3FF4DF997D756FDE1" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.58.25-28.784-795.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 58 (25 - 28)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2345927" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pompholyx faciemlarva Araujo, Walsh, Wallace and Hochberg 2024, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="793" masterDocId="FFEAA976FFA2FFEAFFBFFFA2D61EFFA9" masterDocTitle="A new species of Pompholyx (Rotifera: Monogononta: Testudinellidae) from the United States" masterLastPageNumber="795" masterPageNumber="784" pageNumber="786" updateTime="1723486086844" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="E4FBBFDF855FFFF730BC8653C607952C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="AD8308AC0C16A028FC49E9F2B0AB4582">
<mods:title id="4F7876A2744FE1D2C5D9BD6EFA81A3E3">A new species of Pompholyx (Rotifera: Monogononta: Testudinellidae) from the United States</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="2F3795DF5913E455415EE256CE3F4356" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E685124A0A873AB300C5D61E9B61F92B">
<mods:roleTerm id="6991A830D4F7AD9816179A897AEEF3B5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B2AB16846D988AEE1DB1880BD12D7869">Araujo, Thiago Q.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="66B3687EBB61EA3125FBAB121F6FC09A">Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA;</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8C0F2B414A106295F09BAF4464C0B8FB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4633D0B15A5FA00E63548E0D42153265">Walsh, Elizabeth J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="27DB03E5A57840D7D013ECFC9355B8B6">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA;</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C965AF752834C256F6D6F0CB9110F49E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="205AAA9EC7819D73B53BACB8C003C78B">
<mods:roleTerm id="D198BDB1F7094F6EA5A9472D268D60BB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9508D59717EC1CE01984190893C3DB77">Wallace, Robert L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="313576A82E727480C0764B0F5BB8C440">Department of Biology, Ripon College, Ripon, WI, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="466B7779C0F0299FD3F8B12A13B518FA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BA2FCC680D3D186F8B9F2760A870164D">
<mods:roleTerm id="152FB4F84569287CF3E080D19F9C6ABD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8EF9EC582F8F0BF8FE4A2D0975393642">Hochberg, Rick</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D427969E580D8CBDC7711472CC93935E">Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA;</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="CCC4848A0063B22A9BFFD0D49BE744F5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="805234931B9A7B2001FAA67476683542">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="74C386A5E5180418A069F42147EC933A">
<mods:date id="BB34B548E311FC2529931B42C749CDB0">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="620B7EACDB492775AAD870342F7887FC" type="series">
<mods:title id="B968FC6EAAD7A7E91813610FEC1085E7">J. Nat. Hist.</mods:title>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D44F2B3167D81874E5128E80CD99D2D3" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="17028457AFD6CAC10FCBD4626E193C30">2024-07-09</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="2CE4FE44B5C9F0C8012C49A35D7BA102" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F1773FA655E84E30AFE5FB0E54854E86">58</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F15912A450AAE79CDD8028FCFC6DE02A" type="issue">
<mods:number id="295A2CFBD1A808501BA31C17D060DF5F">25 - 28</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="DEFA6EE53B44F31EB5BBDC1C6CEA1C95">784</mods:start>
<mods:end id="77C1268323C67C72AE3E98A3139F6ADA">795</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="417C07E0575C880D93ADD6BA27FE5F4C">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2345927</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="32B463DB621CE113557BF1B69F940D05">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="90698B765F43F1C01B9BBFBAF05E2734" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2024.2345927</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="ED06D6D8CC1CFFB550D6177EE1130536" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BE0881F6A7469F2BB3654D771BB051D3" type="Zenodo-Dep">13219746</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D3D10EFFA0FFE3FF4DF997D756FDE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D3D10EFFA0FFE3FF4DF997D756FDE1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D3D10EFFA0FFE3FF4DF997D756FDE1" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="793" pageId="2" pageNumber="786">
<subSubSection id="C3603393FFA0FFE8FF4DF997D22CF9F9" box="[242,1074,1589,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="786" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA0FFE8FF4DF997D22CF9F9" blockId="2.[242,1074,1589,1616]" box="[242,1074,1589,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="786">
<heading id="D08DD774FFA0FFE8FF4DF997D22CF9F9" box="[242,1074,1589,1616]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="786" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFA0FFE8FF4DF997D5FCF9F9" authority="Araujo, Walsh, Wallace and Hochberg" authorityName="Araujo, Walsh, Wallace and Hochberg" authorityYear="2024" box="[242,994,1589,1616]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Testudinellidae" genus="Pompholyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="2" pageNumber="786" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="faciemlarva" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA0FFE8FF4DF997D415F9F9" box="[242,523,1589,1616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="786">Pompholyx faciemlarva</emphasis>
Araújo, Walsh, Wallace and Hochberg
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA0FFE8FC55F997D22CF9F9" bold="true" box="[1002,1074,1589,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="786">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23D0171FFA0FFE8FC55F997D22CF9F9" box="[1002,1074,1589,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="786" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3603393FFA0FFE8FDF9F9D0D256F969" pageId="2" pageNumber="786" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA0FFE8FDF9F9D0D4C0F925" blockId="2.[582,734,1650,1676]" box="[582,734,1650,1676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="786">
(
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA0FFE8FDF1F9D0D4C8F925" box="[590,726,1650,1676]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStart-2="Figure 4" captionStart-3="Figure 5" captionStart-4="Figure 6" captionStartId-0="4.[160,225,1647,1670]" captionStartId-1="5.[160,225,1577,1600]" captionStartId-2="6.[160,225,871,894]" captionStartId-3="7.[160,225,874,897]" captionStartId-4="8.[160,227,1573,1596]" captionTargetBox-0="[167,1151,145,1613]" captionTargetBox-1="[166,1150,145,1542]" captionTargetBox-2="[164,1150,143,837]" captionTargetBox-3="[165,1152,144,841]" captionTargetBox-4="[166,1150,145,1538]" captionTargetId-0="figure-3@4.[163,1153,142,1615]" captionTargetId-1="figure-3@5.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetId-2="figure-228@6.[163,1153,142,839]" captionTargetId-3="figure-219@7.[163,1153,142,843]" captionTargetId-4="figure-1@8.[163,1153,142,1541]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionText-0="Figure 2. Schematic illustrations of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) internal view; (D) trophus. Abbreviations: bt, buccal tube; cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; f, fulcrum; gg, gastric glands; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; m, manubrium; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; r, rami; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium; vs, ventral surface; u, unci." captionText-1="Figure 3. DIC microphotograph of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal arch view; (B) middle dorsal view; (C) ventral view; (D) lateral view. Abbreviations: cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; st, stomach; t, trophi; vs, ventral surface." captionText-2="Figure 4. DIC microphotograph of internal anatomy of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A–D) Different focal planes of ventrolateral body view. Abbreviations: co, corona; e, eye; i, intestine; n, nucleus; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium." captionText-3="Figure 5. Trophi of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A–C) DIC microphotographs. (A) Frontal view; (B) focal plane between frontal and caudal view; (C) caudal view. (D,E) SEM false colour-coded microphotographs. (D) Caudal view; (E) slightly internal view of the ramus. Abbreviations: as, arched rami scleropili; dc, dorsal chamber; fu, fulcrum; mc, median chamber; r, ramus; rf, ramus fenestra; svc, subventral chambers; u, uncus; vc, ventral chamber." captionText-4="Figure 6. SEM microphotographs of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A,B) Dorsolateral view; (C) ventrolateral view; (D) ventral view. Abbreviations: cl, cloaca; co, corona; dao, dorsal antennae opening; lao, lateral antennae opening." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219750" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219752" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219754" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219756" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219758" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13219750/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13219752/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13219754/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13219756/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13219758/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="786">Figures 2–6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA0FFE8FF63F905D256F969" blockId="2.[220,1096,1703,1728]" box="[220,1096,1703,1728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="786">
ZooBank:
<uri id="FFEB6C1AFFA0FFE8FEF3F905D25AF969" box="[332,1092,1703,1728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="786">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFDC5ACDFFA0FFE8FDF5F905D25AF969" box="[586,1092,1703,1728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="786">99CBE73C-C91C-42E2-9C98-1CAEB5C30387</uuid>
</uri>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3603393FFA1FFE9FF1FFF2CD705FDAA" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA1FFE9FF1FFF2CD761FF01" blockId="3.[160,1156,142,515]" box="[160,383,142,168]" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA1FFE9FF1FFF2CD761FF01" bold="true" box="[160,383,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA1FFE9FF1FFF10D705FDAA" blockId="3.[160,1156,142,515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">
<specimenCount id="9D7CAB91FFA1FFE9FF1FFF10D778FF62" box="[160,358,178,203]" count="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" type="generic">Eleven specimens</specimenCount>
were examined using light microscopy; measurements were taken with an ocular micrometer.
<location id="8EA536C3FFA1FFE9FE1CFF76D7DEFF44" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D3D10EFFA0FFE3FF4DF997D756FDE1:8EA536C3FFA1FFE9FE1CFF76D7DEFF44" box="[419,448,212,237]" name="All" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">All</location>
specimens were mounted and photographed and/or digitally recorded.
<location id="8EA536C3FFA1FFE9FEAEFF55D724FEB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D3D10EFFA0FFE3FF4DF997D756FDE1:8EA536C3FFA1FFE9FEAEFF55D724FEB9" box="[273,314,247,272]" municipality="The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" name="The" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">The</location>
type specimen was documented, as is permitted digitally recorded: digital type documentation is allowed by
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA1FA62FFA1FFE9FD8EFEB8D29EFE9A" box="[561,1152,282,307]" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</collectingMunicipality>
, namely in article 73.1.4 (
<location id="8EA536C3FFA1FFE9FE16FE9ED224FEFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D3D10EFFA0FFE3FF4DF997D756FDE1:8EA536C3FFA1FFE9FE16FE9ED224FEFC" box="[425,1082,316,341]" name="The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature</location>
1999), even when the documented specimen has been lost.
<materialsCitation id="3B126A45FFA1FFE9FCAAFEFDD41AFE14" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">
<location id="8EA536C3FFA1FFE9FCAAFEFDD520FED1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D3D10EFFA0FFE3FF4DF997D756FDE1:8EA536C3FFA1FFE9FCAAFEFDD520FED1" box="[789,830,351,376]" municipality="Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History" name="The" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">The</location>
type photomicrographs are available at the
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA1FA62FFA1FFE9FEE9FE20D59FFE32" box="[342,897,386,411]" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History</collectingMunicipality>
under accession numbers
<specimenCode id="DBDCC863FFA1FFE9FF64FE06D792FE14" box="[219,396,420,445]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" type="Museum">USNM 1606876</specimenCode>
(
<typeStatus id="54C1DEBAFFA1FFE9FE22FE06D41AFE14" box="[413,516,420,445]" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
) and
<specimenCode id="DBDCC863FFA1FFE9FDF4FE06D4E1FE14" box="[587,767,420,445]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" type="Museum">USNM 1606877</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBDCC863FFA1FFE9FCB3FE06D5DEFE14" box="[780,960,420,445]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" type="Museum">USNM 1606878</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBDCC863FFA1FFE9FC72FE06D29FFE14" box="[973,1153,420,445]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" type="Museum">USNM 1606879</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBDCC863FFA1FFE9FF1FFE65D744FE49" box="[160,346,455,480]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" type="Museum">USNM 1606880</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBDCC863FFA1FFE9FED5FE65D43EFE49" box="[362,544,455,480]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" type="Museum">USNM 1606881</specimenCode>
(
<typeStatus id="54C1DEBAFFA1FFE9FD8BFE65D4B2FE49" box="[564,684,455,480]" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
).
<location id="8EA536C3FFA1FFE9FD7CFE65D4F3FE49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D3D10EFFA0FFE3FF4DF997D756FDE1:8EA536C3FFA1FFE9FD7CFE65D4F3FE49" box="[707,749,455,480]" name="Ten" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">Ten</location>
<typeStatus id="54C1DEBAFFA1FFE9FD45FE65D5A1FE49" box="[762,959,455,480]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">other specimens</typeStatus>
were examined using SEM.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3603393FFA1FFE9FF1FFD9CD561FCAC" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA1FFE9FF1FFD9CD783FDF1" blockId="3.[160,1156,574,773]" box="[160,413,574,600]" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA1FFE9FF1FFD9CD783FDF1" bold="true" box="[160,413,574,600]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA1FFE9FF1FFDC0D561FCAC" blockId="3.[160,1156,574,773]" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFA1FFE9FF1FFDC0D7BCFDD2" authorityName="Araujo &amp; Walsh &amp; Wallace &amp; Hochberg" authorityYear="2024" box="[160,418,610,635]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Testudinellidae" genus="Pompholyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="faciemlarva" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA1FFE9FF1FFDC0D7BCFDD2" box="[160,418,610,635]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">Pompholyx faciemlarva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA1FFE9FE13FDC0D7F1FDD2" bold="true" box="[428,495,610,635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23D0171FFA1FFE9FE13FDC0D7F1FDD2" box="[428,495,610,635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA1FFE9FC8CFDC0D251FDD2" box="[819,1103,610,635]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFA1FFE9FC8CFDC0D5CBFDD2" authorityName="Gosse" authorityYear="1851" box="[819,981,610,635]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Testudinellidae" genus="Pompholyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="complanata">P. complanata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFA1FFE9FC5CFDC0D251FDD2" authorityName="Hudson" authorityYear="1885" box="[995,1103,610,635]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Testudinellidae" genus="Pompholyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="sulcata">P. sulcata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFA1FFE9FF1FFD26D71AFD34" authorityName="Pejler" authorityYear="1957" box="[160,260,644,669]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Testudinellidae" genus="Pompholyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="triloba">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA1FFE9FF1FFD26D71AFD34" box="[160,260,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">P. triloba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of transverse furrows on its lorica, the structure of the stalk gland (3-lobed), and the number and symmetrical arrangement of unci teeth in the trophi. There are 17 teeth on each side in the new species, compared to 17–20/18–21 (right/left) in
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFA1FFE9FF02FD4ED73BFCAC" authorityName="Hudson" authorityYear="1885" box="[189,293,748,773]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Testudinellidae" genus="Pompholyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA1FFE9FF02FD4ED73BFCAC" box="[189,293,748,773]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">P. sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the only other species with a complete description).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3603393FFA1FFE9FF1FFCE3D7E5FC6A" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA1FFE9FF1FFCE3D703FCF2" blockId="3.[160,1156,833,963]" box="[160,285,833,859]" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA1FFE9FF1FFCE3D703FCF2" bold="true" box="[160,285,833,859]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA1FFE9FF1FFCC6D7E5FC6A" blockId="3.[160,1156,833,963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">
The species name is an adjectival name derived from the form of the rotifer’s corona, which resembles the mask used by scuba divers (∞-shaped) (
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA1FFE9FCC3FC25D5F5FC09" box="[892,1003,903,928]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1577,1600]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,145,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. DIC microphotograph of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal arch view; (B) middle dorsal view; (C) ventral view; (D) lateral view. Abbreviations: cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; st, stomach; t, trophi; vs, ventral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219752/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">Figure 3B</figureCitation>
): face (Latin:
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA1FFE9FF1FFC08D6F6FC6A" box="[160,232,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">faciem</emphasis>
) and mask (Latin:
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA1FFE9FE08FC08D7F0FC6A" box="[439,494,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">larva</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3603393FFA1FFE3FF1FFC5CD234FF63" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="793" pageId="3" pageNumber="787" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA1FFE9FF1FFC5CD738FBB1" blockId="3.[160,1156,1022,1707]" box="[160,294,1022,1048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA1FFE9FF1FFC5CD738FBB1" bold="true" box="[160,294,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA1FFE9FF1FFB80D7BAF902" blockId="3.[160,1156,1022,1707]" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">
The description is based on an adult specimen of 110 µm (95–125 µm) body length. The body shape is ellipsoid, but with a flat anterior margin and rounded triangular posterior end. The corona is complete, ∞-shaped, and bears two dorsolateral red eyes (
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA1FFE9FBB8FBC5D29FFB29" box="[1031,1153,1127,1152]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1647,1670]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[163,1153,142,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Schematic illustrations of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) internal view; (D) trophus. Abbreviations: bt, buccal tube; cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; f, fulcrum; gg, gastric glands; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; m, manubrium; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; r, rami; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium; vs, ventral surface; u, unci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219750/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">Figures 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA1FFE9FF1FFB28D6A0FB0A" box="[160,190,1162,1187]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1577,1600]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,145,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. DIC microphotograph of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal arch view; (B) middle dorsal view; (C) ventral view; (D) lateral view. Abbreviations: cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; st, stomach; t, trophi; vs, ventral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219752/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA1FFE9FF75FB28D6F2FB0A" box="[202,236,1162,1187]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[160,225,871,894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1150,143,837]" captionTargetId="figure-228@6.[163,1153,142,839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. DIC microphotograph of internal anatomy of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A–D) Different focal planes of ventrolateral body view. Abbreviations: co, corona; e, eye; i, intestine; n, nucleus; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219754/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">4D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA1FFE9FF47FB28D708FB0A" box="[248,278,1162,1187]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[160,227,1573,1596]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,145,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-1@8.[163,1153,142,1541]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. SEM microphotographs of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A,B) Dorsolateral view; (C) ventrolateral view; (D) ventral view. Abbreviations: cl, cloaca; co, corona; dao, dorsal antennae opening; lao, lateral antennae opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219758/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">6A</figureCitation>
). Coronal cilia are approximately 8–20 µm long. In cross section, the smooth and mostly featureless lorica is arched dorsally and with flared lateral edges (
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA1FFE9FBB8FB0ED29FFB6C" box="[1031,1153,1196,1221]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1647,1670]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[163,1153,142,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Schematic illustrations of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) internal view; (D) trophus. Abbreviations: bt, buccal tube; cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; f, fulcrum; gg, gastric glands; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; m, manubrium; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; r, rami; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium; vs, ventral surface; u, unci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219750/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">Figures 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA1FFE9FF1FFB6DD6A0FB41" box="[160,190,1231,1256]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1577,1600]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,145,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. DIC microphotograph of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal arch view; (B) middle dorsal view; (C) ventral view; (D) lateral view. Abbreviations: cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; st, stomach; t, trophi; vs, ventral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219752/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA1FFE9FF74FB6DD6C7FB41" box="[203,217,1231,1256]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[160,227,1573,1596]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,145,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-1@8.[163,1153,142,1541]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. SEM microphotographs of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A,B) Dorsolateral view; (C) ventrolateral view; (D) ventral view. Abbreviations: cl, cloaca; co, corona; dao, dorsal antennae opening; lao, lateral antennae opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219758/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">6</figureCitation>
). SEM reveals a fine network of fibres across parts of the lorica, but these may be artefacts of fixation (
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA1FFE9FE3AFB50D7FFFAA2" box="[389,481,1266,1291]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[160,227,1573,1596]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,145,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-1@8.[163,1153,142,1541]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. SEM microphotographs of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A,B) Dorsolateral view; (C) ventrolateral view; (D) ventral view. Abbreviations: cl, cloaca; co, corona; dao, dorsal antennae opening; lao, lateral antennae opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219758/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">Figure 6</figureCitation>
). A large transverse furrow extends laterally across the body on both dorsal and ventral sides around mid-body length. The furrow is present in all living specimens when swimming and does not change when animals are anesthetized; the furrow remains in preserved animals. An occipital convexity (edge) is present just posterior of the corona on the dorsal side. The ventral lorica surface is smooth, but narrower in width than the dorsal surface: it is 80 µm long and has an inverted triangle shape with a 53 µm wide anterior border and a 19 µm wide posterior tip. A pectoral concavity (notch) just posterior to the corona is present on the ventral surface (
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA1FFE9FBB5FA46D29EFA54" box="[1034,1152,1508,1533]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1647,1670]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[163,1153,142,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Schematic illustrations of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) internal view; (D) trophus. Abbreviations: bt, buccal tube; cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; f, fulcrum; gg, gastric glands; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; m, manubrium; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; r, rami; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium; vs, ventral surface; u, unci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219750/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">Figures 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA1FFE9FF1FF9A5D6A0F989" box="[160,190,1543,1568]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1577,1600]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,145,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. DIC microphotograph of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal arch view; (B) middle dorsal view; (C) ventral view; (D) lateral view. Abbreviations: cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; st, stomach; t, trophi; vs, ventral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219752/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">3C</figureCitation>
). A ciliated sub-labium extends from the pectoral concavity during locomotion. The posterior end has a terminal 6 µm diameter cavity that leads to the cloaca (
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA1FFE9FC52F988D268F9EA" box="[1005,1142,1578,1603]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[160,227,1573,1596]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,145,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-1@8.[163,1153,142,1541]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. SEM microphotographs of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A,B) Dorsolateral view; (C) ventrolateral view; (D) ventral view. Abbreviations: cl, cloaca; co, corona; dao, dorsal antennae opening; lao, lateral antennae opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219758/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">Figure 6B–D</figureCitation>
), which is rectangular in shape and ~20 µm long (
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA1FFE9FD65F9EED54BF9CC" box="[730,853,1612,1637]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1647,1670]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[163,1153,142,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Schematic illustrations of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) internal view; (D) trophus. Abbreviations: bt, buccal tube; cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; f, fulcrum; gg, gastric glands; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; m, manubrium; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; r, rami; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium; vs, ventral surface; u, unci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219750/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">Figures 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA1FFE9FCDEF9EED560F9CC" box="[865,894,1612,1637]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[160,225,871,894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1150,143,837]" captionTargetId="figure-228@6.[163,1153,142,839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. DIC microphotograph of internal anatomy of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A–D) Different focal planes of ventrolateral body view. Abbreviations: co, corona; e, eye; i, intestine; n, nucleus; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219754/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">4B</figureCitation>
). The cloaca has three openings to the blastocoel: one for the stalk gland, one to the anus, and one for oviposition (
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA1FFE9FE93F930D786F902" box="[300,408,1682,1707]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1647,1670]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[163,1153,142,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Schematic illustrations of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) internal view; (D) trophus. Abbreviations: bt, buccal tube; cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; f, fulcrum; gg, gastric glands; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; m, manubrium; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; r, rami; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium; vs, ventral surface; u, unci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219750/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="787">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF053090FFA6FFEEFF1FF9CDD405F952" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219750" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13219750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219750/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="788" startId="4.[160,225,1647,1670]" targetBox="[167,1151,145,1613]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA6FFEEFF1FF9CDD405F952" blockId="4.[160,1157,1647,1787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="788">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA6FFEEFF1FF9CDD6E4F92F" bold="true" box="[160,250,1647,1670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="788">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Schematic illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFA6FFEEFE41F9CDD4C3F92F" authorityName="Araujo &amp; Walsh &amp; Wallace &amp; Hochberg" authorityYear="2024" box="[510,733,1647,1670]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Testudinellidae" genus="Pompholyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="4" pageNumber="788" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="faciemlarva" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA6FFEEFE41F9CDD4C3F92F" box="[510,733,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="788">Pompholyx faciemlarva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA6FFEEFD5BF9CDD503F92F" bold="true" box="[740,797,1647,1670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="788">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23D0171FFA6FFEEFD5BF9CDD503F92F" box="[740,797,1647,1670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="788" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(A) Dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) internal view; (D) trophus. Abbreviations: bt, buccal tube; cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; f, fulcrum; gg, gastric glands; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; m, manubrium; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; r, rami; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium; vs, ventral surface; u, unci.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF053090FFA7FFEFFF1FF98BD40AF931" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219752" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13219752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219752/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="789" startId="5.[160,225,1577,1600]" targetBox="[166,1150,145,1542]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA7FFEFFF1FF98BD40AF931" blockId="5.[160,1156,1577,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="789">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA7FFEFFF1FF98BD6E7F9E9" bold="true" box="[160,249,1577,1600]" pageId="5" pageNumber="789">Figure 3.</emphasis>
DIC microphotograph of
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFA7FFEFFE4EF98BD4D1F9E9" authorityName="Araujo &amp; Walsh &amp; Wallace &amp; Hochberg" authorityYear="2024" box="[497,719,1577,1600]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Testudinellidae" genus="Pompholyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="5" pageNumber="789" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="faciemlarva" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA7FFEFFE4EF98BD4D1F9E9" box="[497,719,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="789">Pompholyx faciemlarva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA7FFEFFD6BF98BD513F9E9" bold="true" box="[724,781,1577,1600]" pageId="5" pageNumber="789">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23D0171FFA7FFEFFD6BF98BD513F9E9" box="[724,781,1577,1600]" pageId="5" pageNumber="789" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(A) Dorsal arch view; (B) middle dorsal view; (C) ventral view; (D) lateral view. Abbreviations: cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; st, stomach; t, trophi; vs, ventral surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF053090FFA4FFECFF1FFCC5D274FC11" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13219754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219754/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="790" startId="6.[160,225,871,894]" targetBox="[164,1150,143,837]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA4FFECFF1FFCC5D274FC11" blockId="6.[160,1156,871,952]" pageId="6" pageNumber="790">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA4FFECFF1FFCC5D6E5FCD7" bold="true" box="[160,251,871,894]" pageId="6" pageNumber="790">Figure 4.</emphasis>
DIC microphotograph of internal anatomy of
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFA4FFECFD7AFCC5D5BBFCD7" authorityName="Araujo &amp; Walsh &amp; Wallace &amp; Hochberg" authorityYear="2024" box="[709,933,871,894]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Testudinellidae" genus="Pompholyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="6" pageNumber="790" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="faciemlarva" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA4FFECFD7AFCC5D5BBFCD7" box="[709,933,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="790">Pompholyx faciemlarva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA4FFECFC12FCC5D5F9FCD7" bold="true" box="[941,999,871,894]" pageId="6" pageNumber="790">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23D0171FFA4FFECFC12FCC5D5F9FCD7" box="[941,999,871,894]" pageId="6" pageNumber="790" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(A–D) Different focal planes of ventrolateral body view. Abbreviations: co, corona; e, eye; i, intestine; n, nucleus; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA4FFECFF1FFC51D755FB3E" blockId="6.[160,1155,1011,1175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="790">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA4FFECFF1FFC51D6E0FBA4" bold="true" box="[160,254,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="790">Corona.</emphasis>
The corona is ∞-shaped (i.e., it resembles a number 8 lying on its side or a scuba diving mask) and ciliation is complete. Cilia appear to be of a mostly uniform length of 6– 18 μm. Small patches of presumable sensory cilia are present in the apical field. A ciliated sub-labium is present on the ventral surface just posterior of the mouth within the pectoral notch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA4FFECFF1FFB71D441FA14" blockId="6.[160,1156,1235,1469]" pageId="6" pageNumber="790">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA4FFECFF1FFB71D749FB44" bold="true" box="[160,343,1235,1261]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="790">Digestive tract.</emphasis>
Terminal mouth is somewhat ventral in position, but still within the coronal field. The mouth leads to a 30 µm long ciliated buccal cavity that has an inverted pear-shape. The ciliated stomach has two salivary/gastric glands connected to the anterior part of the stomach. The intestine is 20 µm in total length and has two sphincters: one sphincter demarcates the transition from the stomach to the intestine; the second sphincter demarcates the transition from the intestine to the cloaca (
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA4FFECFC7DFA23D24BFA33" box="[962,1109,1409,1434]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1647,1670]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[163,1153,142,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Schematic illustrations of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) internal view; (D) trophus. Abbreviations: bt, buccal tube; cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; f, fulcrum; gg, gastric glands; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; m, manubrium; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; r, rami; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium; vs, ventral surface; u, unci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219750/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="790">Figures 2C,D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA4FFECFBDEFA23D29EFA33" box="[1121,1152,1409,1434]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1577,1600]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,145,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. DIC microphotograph of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal arch view; (B) middle dorsal view; (C) ventral view; (D) lateral view. Abbreviations: cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; st, stomach; t, trophi; vs, ventral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219752/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="790">3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA4FFECFF1FFA06D6CFFA14" box="[160,209,1444,1469]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[160,225,871,894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1150,143,837]" captionTargetId="figure-228@6.[163,1153,142,839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. DIC microphotograph of internal anatomy of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A–D) Different focal planes of ventrolateral body view. Abbreviations: co, corona; e, eye; i, intestine; n, nucleus; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219754/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="790">4B,E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA4FFECFF63FA06D73AFA14" box="[220,292,1444,1469]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[160,227,1573,1596]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,145,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-1@8.[163,1153,142,1541]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. SEM microphotographs of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A,B) Dorsolateral view; (C) ventrolateral view; (D) ventral view. Abbreviations: cl, cloaca; co, corona; dao, dorsal antennae opening; lao, lateral antennae opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219758/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="790">6B,C,D</figureCitation>
). No bladder was observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA4FFEDFF1FFA5AD7FEFBC4" blockId="6.[160,1155,1528,1693]" lastBlockId="7.[160,1156,1073,1133]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="791" pageId="6" pageNumber="790">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA4FFECFF1FFA5AD6EBF9BB" bold="true" box="[160,245,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="790">Trophi.</emphasis>
Trophi malleoramate. The rami are 13 µm long and have an elongatetriangular shape with rounded latero-ventral margins, delimiting large latero-ventral fenestrae (
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA4FFECFEA3F99CD791F9FE" box="[284,399,1598,1623]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[160,225,874,897]" captionTargetBox="[165,1152,144,841]" captionTargetId="figure-219@7.[163,1153,142,843]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Trophi of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A–C) DIC microphotographs. (A) Frontal view; (B) focal plane between frontal and caudal view; (C) caudal view. (D,E) SEM false colour-coded microphotographs. (D) Caudal view; (E) slightly internal view of the ramus. Abbreviations: as, arched rami scleropili; dc, dorsal chamber; fu, fulcrum; mc, median chamber; r, ramus; rf, ramus fenestra; svc, subventral chambers; u, uncus; vc, ventral chamber." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219756/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="790">Figure 5D</figureCitation>
). The fulcrum is elongate and straight (11 µm). The unci plates consist of 16 right and 17 left (frontal view) weakly curved and strongly webbed asymmetrical teeth (lengths: 5–7 µm). The crescent-shaped manubria are 15 µm long and composed of superimposed dorsal, median, ventral, and small sub-ventral chambers (
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA5FFEDFE9DFBF6D7A6FBC4" box="[290,440,1108,1133]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1647,1670]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[163,1153,142,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Schematic illustrations of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) internal view; (D) trophus. Abbreviations: bt, buccal tube; cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; f, fulcrum; gg, gastric glands; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; m, manubrium; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; r, rami; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium; vs, ventral surface; u, unci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219750/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">Figures 2C,D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA5FFEDFE79FBF6D7CAFBC4" box="[454,468,1108,1133]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[160,225,874,897]" captionTargetBox="[165,1152,144,841]" captionTargetId="figure-219@7.[163,1153,142,843]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Trophi of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A–C) DIC microphotographs. (A) Frontal view; (B) focal plane between frontal and caudal view; (C) caudal view. (D,E) SEM false colour-coded microphotographs. (D) Caudal view; (E) slightly internal view of the ramus. Abbreviations: as, arched rami scleropili; dc, dorsal chamber; fu, fulcrum; mc, median chamber; r, ramus; rf, ramus fenestra; svc, subventral chambers; u, uncus; vc, ventral chamber." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219756/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF053090FFA5FFEDFF1FFCC8D49EFC5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219756" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13219756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219756/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="791" startId="7.[160,225,874,897]" targetBox="[165,1152,144,841]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA5FFEDFF1FFCC8D49EFC5E" blockId="7.[160,1156,874,1015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA5FFEDFF1FFCC8D6E5FC28" bold="true" box="[160,251,874,897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Trophi of
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFA5FFEDFED9FCC8D459FC28" authorityName="Araujo &amp; Walsh &amp; Wallace &amp; Hochberg" authorityYear="2024" box="[358,583,874,897]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Testudinellidae" genus="Pompholyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="7" pageNumber="791" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="faciemlarva" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA5FFEDFED9FCC8D459FC28" box="[358,583,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">Pompholyx faciemlarva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA5FFEDFDF0FCC8D494FC28" bold="true" box="[591,650,874,897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23D0171FFA5FFEDFDF0FCC8D494FC28" box="[591,650,874,897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="791" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(A–C) DIC microphotographs. (A) Frontal view; (B) focal plane between frontal and caudal view; (C) caudal view. (D,E) SEM false colour-coded microphotographs. (D) Caudal view; (E) slightly internal view of the ramus. Abbreviations: as, arched rami scleropili; dc, dorsal chamber; fu, fulcrum; mc, median chamber; r, ramus; rf, ramus fenestra; svc, subventral chambers; u, uncus; vc, ventral chamber.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA5FFEDFF1FFB38D43EFA96" blockId="7.[160,1156,1178,1343]" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA5FFEDFF1FFB38D7ECFB1D" bold="true" box="[160,498,1178,1204]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">Female reproductive system.</emphasis>
Vitellarium is syncytial with at least 12 nuclei (
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA5FFEDFBB7FB39D29EFB1D" box="[1032,1152,1179,1204]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1647,1670]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[163,1153,142,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Schematic illustrations of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) internal view; (D) trophus. Abbreviations: bt, buccal tube; cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; f, fulcrum; gg, gastric glands; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; m, manubrium; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; r, rami; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium; vs, ventral surface; u, unci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219750/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">Figures 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA5FFEDFF1FFB1CD6A1FB7E" box="[160,191,1214,1239]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[160,225,871,894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1150,143,837]" captionTargetId="figure-228@6.[163,1153,142,839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. DIC microphotograph of internal anatomy of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A–D) Different focal planes of ventrolateral body view. Abbreviations: co, corona; e, eye; i, intestine; n, nucleus; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219754/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">4D</figureCitation>
). Germarium not observed. Amictic eggs are oviposited one at a time and retained by the female at her posterior end. Each egg is approximately 50 µm in diameter and connected to an adhesive string that is secreted internally by a stalk gland and protrudes out the cloaca (
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA5FFEDFEEFFA84D7A7FA96" box="[336,441,1318,1343]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1647,1670]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[163,1153,142,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Schematic illustrations of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) internal view; (D) trophus. Abbreviations: bt, buccal tube; cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; f, fulcrum; gg, gastric glands; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; m, manubrium; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; r, rami; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium; vs, ventral surface; u, unci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219750/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">Figures 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA5FFEDFE7CFA84D7CDFA96" box="[451,467,1318,1343]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1577,1600]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,145,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. DIC microphotograph of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal arch view; (B) middle dorsal view; (C) ventral view; (D) lateral view. Abbreviations: cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; st, stomach; t, trophi; vs, ventral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219752/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA5FFEDFE61FA84D40DFA96" box="[478,531,1318,1343]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[160,225,871,894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1150,143,837]" captionTargetId="figure-228@6.[163,1153,142,839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. DIC microphotograph of internal anatomy of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A–D) Different focal planes of ventrolateral body view. Abbreviations: co, corona; e, eye; i, intestine; n, nucleus; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219754/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">4A,D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA5FFEDFF1FFACED20AFA00" blockId="7.[160,1155,1388,1449]" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA5FFEDFF1FFACED747FA2F" bold="true" box="[160,345,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">Protonephridia.</emphasis>
One pair of protonephridia is present in each lateral body margin; these extend to the region around the posterior intestinal sphincter (
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA5FFEDFCD8FA32D5FEFA00" box="[871,992,1424,1449]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1647,1670]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[163,1153,142,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Schematic illustrations of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) internal view; (D) trophus. Abbreviations: bt, buccal tube; cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; f, fulcrum; gg, gastric glands; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; m, manubrium; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; r, rami; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium; vs, ventral surface; u, unci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219750/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">Figures 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA5FFEDFC55FA32D219FA00" box="[1002,1031,1424,1449]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[160,225,871,894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1150,143,837]" captionTargetId="figure-228@6.[163,1153,142,839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. DIC microphotograph of internal anatomy of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A–D) Different focal planes of ventrolateral body view. Abbreviations: co, corona; e, eye; i, intestine; n, nucleus; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219754/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">4C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA5FFEDFF1FFA74D42BF99F" blockId="7.[160,1156,1494,1728]" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFA5FFEDFF1FFA74D779FA59" bold="true" box="[160,359,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">Other structures.</emphasis>
An interconnected chain of large cells (6 µm) is located close to the stomach and appears to attach to the stomach wall (
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA5FFEDFD51FA58D578F9BA" box="[750,870,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1647,1670]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[163,1153,142,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Schematic illustrations of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) internal view; (D) trophus. Abbreviations: bt, buccal tube; cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; f, fulcrum; gg, gastric glands; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; m, manubrium; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; r, rami; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium; vs, ventral surface; u, unci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219750/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">Figures 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA5FFEDFCCFFA58D58FF9BA" box="[880,913,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1577,1600]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,145,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. DIC microphotograph of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal arch view; (B) middle dorsal view; (C) ventral view; (D) lateral view. Abbreviations: cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; st, stomach; t, trophi; vs, ventral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219752/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFA5FFEDFC23FA58D5A6F9BA" box="[924,952,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[160,225,871,894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1150,143,837]" captionTargetId="figure-228@6.[163,1153,142,839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. DIC microphotograph of internal anatomy of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A–D) Different focal planes of ventrolateral body view. Abbreviations: co, corona; e, eye; i, intestine; n, nucleus; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219754/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">4B</figureCitation>
). The cells are not ova; their function is undetermined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFA5FFE3FF7FF99DD234FF63" blockId="7.[160,1156,1494,1728]" lastBlockId="9.[160,1155,142,202]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="793" pageId="7" pageNumber="791">
A stalk gland is present on the ventral side. The gland has at least three apical lobes (total length: 8 µm) and secretes a sticky thread (‘Gossesche thread’) approximately 80 µm long that passes through the cloaca to attach to a single amictic egg. At least two muscles insert on or close to the stalk gland and function to release or retract the adhesive thread, thereby moving the egg farther from or closer to the cloaca (
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFABFFE3FCD9FF2CD5FEFF0E" box="[870,992,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1647,1670]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-3@4.[163,1153,142,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Schematic illustrations of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) internal view; (D) trophus. Abbreviations: bt, buccal tube; cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; f, fulcrum; gg, gastric glands; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; m, manubrium; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; r, rami; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium; vs, ventral surface; u, unci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219750/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="793">Figures 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFABFFE3FC53FF2CD215FF0E" box="[1004,1035,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1577,1600]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,145,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. DIC microphotograph of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A) Dorsal arch view; (B) middle dorsal view; (C) ventral view; (D) lateral view. Abbreviations: cf, lorica furrow; cl, cloaca; co, corona; e, eye; gt, Gossesche thread; i, intestine; mo, mouth; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; st, stomach; t, trophi; vs, ventral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219752/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="793">3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13417C9DFFABFFE3FBA8FF2CD253FF0E" box="[1047,1101,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[160,225,871,894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1150,143,837]" captionTargetId="figure-228@6.[163,1153,142,839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. DIC microphotograph of internal anatomy of Pompholyx faciemlarva sp. n. (A–D) Different focal planes of ventrolateral body view. Abbreviations: co, corona; e, eye; i, intestine; n, nucleus; pn, protonephridia; rc, round (unidentified) cells; sg, stalk gland; st, stomach; t, trophi; vit, vitellarium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219754/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="793">4A,D</figureCitation>
). No more than one amictic egg was ever observed being carried by an adult female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF053090FFAAFFE2FF1FF987D7EBF9DF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219758" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13219758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219758/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="792" startId="8.[160,227,1573,1596]" targetBox="[166,1150,145,1538]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFAAFFE2FF1FF987D7EBF9DF" blockId="8.[160,1156,1573,1654]" pageId="8" pageNumber="792">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFAAFFE2FF1FF987D71FF995" bold="true" box="[160,257,1573,1596]" pageId="8" pageNumber="792">Figure 6.</emphasis>
SEM microphotographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFAAFFE2FD97F987D50CF995" authorityName="Araujo &amp; Walsh &amp; Wallace &amp; Hochberg" authorityYear="2024" box="[552,786,1573,1596]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Testudinellidae" genus="Pompholyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="792" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="faciemlarva" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFAAFFE2FD97F987D50CF995" box="[552,786,1573,1596]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="792">Pompholyx faciemlarva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFAAFFE2FCA2F987D543F995" bold="true" box="[797,861,1573,1596]" pageId="8" pageNumber="792">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23D0171FFAAFFE2FCA2F987D543F995" box="[797,861,1573,1596]" pageId="8" pageNumber="792" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(A,B) Dorsolateral view; (C) ventrolateral view; (D) ventral view. Abbreviations: cl, cloaca; co, corona; dao, dorsal antennae opening; lao, lateral antennae opening.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3603393FFABFFE3FF1FFF54D756FDE1" pageId="9" pageNumber="793" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFABFFE3FF1FFF54D7DCFEB9" blockId="9.[160,1156,246,584]" box="[160,450,246,272]" pageId="9" pageNumber="793">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFABFFE3FF1FFF54D7DCFEB9" bold="true" box="[160,450,246,272]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="793">Ecology and distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC56018FFABFFE3FF1FFEBBD756FDE1" blockId="9.[160,1156,246,584]" pageId="9" pageNumber="793">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFABFFE3FF1FFEBBD783FE9B" authorityName="Araujo &amp; Walsh &amp; Wallace &amp; Hochberg" authorityYear="2024" box="[160,413,281,306]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Testudinellidae" genus="Pompholyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="793" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="faciemlarva" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFABFFE3FF1FFEBBD783FE9B" box="[160,413,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="793">Pompholyx faciemlarva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFABFFE3FE1CFEBBD7FFFE9B" bold="true" box="[419,481,281,306]" pageId="9" pageNumber="793">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23D0171FFABFFE3FE1CFEBBD7FFFE9B" box="[419,481,281,306]" pageId="9" pageNumber="793" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was found in Flint Pond, Tyngsborough, MA,
<collectingCountry id="F36D2088FFABFFE3FC6AFEBBD219FE9B" box="[981,1031,281,306]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="793">USA</collectingCountry>
, during the summer months (
<date id="FFC446D8FFABFFE3FED5FE9ED473FEFC" box="[362,621,316,341]" pageId="9" pageNumber="793" value="2022-06" valueMax="2022-09-31" valueMin="2022-06-00">June–September 2022</date>
). This pond has a rich submerged macrophyte community and the plankton was abundant, comprising at least 11 genera of rotifers and numerous other zooplanktonic taxa. The new species is common, but not abundant. Its collection from the surface waters (&lt;
<quantity id="4C82CDFDFFABFFE3FD86FE06D47DFE14" box="[569,611,420,445]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="793" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
depth) of the pond suggests it is fully planktonic. Other common rotifers from the same collections include the following:
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFABFFE3FBBCFE65D7BCFDAB" authority="Gosse, 1850" authorityName="Gosse" authorityYear="1850" class="Eurotatoria" family="Asplanchnidae" genus="Asplanchna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ploima" pageId="9" pageNumber="793" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="priodonta">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFABFFE3FBBCFE65D715FDAB" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="793">Asplanchna priodonta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB1DE9FFABFFE3FEA8FE4BD7BCFDAB" author="Gosse PH" box="[279,418,489,514]" pageId="9" pageNumber="793" pagination="18 - 24" refId="ref4374" refString="Gosse PH. 1850. Description of Asplanchna priodonta, an animal of the class rotifera. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 2: 18 - 24." type="journal article" year="1850">Gosse, 1850</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFABFFE3FE0CFE4BD594FDAB" authority="(Schrank, 1793)" baseAuthorityName="Schrank" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[435,906,489,514]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Asplanchnidae" genus="Asplanchnopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ploima" pageId="9" pageNumber="793" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="multiceps">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFABFFE3FE0CFE4BD4D2FDAB" box="[435,716,489,514]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="793">Asplanchnopus multiceps</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB1DE9FFABFFE3FD61FE4BD59FFDAB" author="Schrank F" box="[734,897,489,514]" pageId="9" pageNumber="793" pagination="25 - 37" refId="ref4669" refString="Schrank F. 1793. Mikroskopische Wahrnehmungen. Der Naturforscher, Halle. 2: 25 - 37." type="journal article" year="1793">Schrank, 1793</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFABFFE3FC25FE4BD72CFD8C" authority="Gosse, 1851" authorityName="Gosse" authorityYear="1851" class="Eurotatoria" family="Brachionidae" genus="Brachionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ploima" pageId="9" pageNumber="793" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="angularis">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFABFFE3FC25FE4BD29DFDAB" box="[922,1155,489,514]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="793">Brachionus angularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB1DE9FFABFFE3FF1FFDAED72CFD8C" author="Gosse PH" box="[160,306,524,549]" pageId="9" pageNumber="793" pagination="197 - 203" refId="ref4402" refString="Gosse PH. 1851. XVIII. - A catalogue of Rotifera found in Britain; with descriptions of five new genera and thirty-two new species. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 8: 197 - 203. doi: 10.1080 / 03745486109496205." type="journal article" year="1851">Gosse, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFABFFE3FEF7FDAED7F4FD8C" box="[328,490,524,549]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Hexarthridae" genus="Hexarthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Flosculariaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="793" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFABFFE3FEF7FDAED7A9FD8C" box="[328,439,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="793">Hexarthra</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFABFFE3FE42FDAED58EFD8C" authority="(Gosse, 1851)" baseAuthorityName="Gosse" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[509,912,524,549]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Brachionidae" genus="Keratella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ploima" pageId="9" pageNumber="793" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="cochlearis">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFABFFE3FE42FDAED4C3FD8C" box="[509,733,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="793">Keratella cochlearis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB1DE9FFABFFE3FD4CFDAED599FD8C" author="Gosse PH" box="[755,903,524,549]" pageId="9" pageNumber="793" pagination="197 - 203" refId="ref4402" refString="Gosse PH. 1851. XVIII. - A catalogue of Rotifera found in Britain; with descriptions of five new genera and thirty-two new species. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 8: 197 - 203. doi: 10.1080 / 03745486109496205." type="journal article" year="1851">Gosse, 1851</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFABFFE3FC1BFDAED258FD8C" box="[932,1094,524,549]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Brachionidae" genus="Kellicottia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ploima" pageId="9" pageNumber="793" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFABFFE3FC1BFDAED20CFD8C" box="[932,1042,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="793">Kellicottia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C7A1B9BFFABFFE3FF1FFD8DD756FDE1" box="[160,328,559,584]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Synchaetidae" genus="Polyarthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ploima" pageId="9" pageNumber="793" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B90EBC0AFFABFFE3FF1FFD8DD70FFDE1" box="[160,273,559,584]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="793">Polyarthra</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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