615 lines
69 KiB
XML
615 lines
69 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="76E33865A61F4E4EDD100FA71B97D045">Cephaloscyllium ventriosum (Garman 1880) (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae), with comments on the status of C. uter (Jordan & Gilbert 1896)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771AFFC8FF0606BEF4DFFF73" ID-CoL="69K9M" authority="Garman 1880" authorityName="Garman" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,694,151,177]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosum">
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<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FF0606BEF4DFFF73" bold="true" box="[151,694,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FF0606BEF786FF73" bold="true" box="[151,495,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Cephaloscyllium ventriosum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FE6F06BEF4C4FF73" author="Garman" box="[510,685,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Garman, S. (1880) New species of selachians in the museum collection. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 6, 167 - 172." type="journal article" year="1880">
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<collectingCountry id="F36DA9AB771AFFC8FE6F06BEF403FF73" box="[510,618,151,177]" name="Germany" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Garman</collectingCountry>
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1880
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771AFFC8FF060693F71BFF16" blockId="3.[151,694,151,212]" box="[151,370,186,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1341F5BE771AFFC8FF0E0693F76CFF16" box="[159,261,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1065,1089]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,709,1037]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,707,1039]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. — Cephaloscyllium ventriosum holotype (MCZ 496), lateral view. Photo courtesy of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (© President and Fellows of Harvard College)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184023/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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, Table 1)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C360BAB0771AFFC8FF060723F77EFD58" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771AFFC8FF060723F473FEDD" blockId="3.[151,1436,266,551]" box="[151,538,266,287]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6ACE15771AFFC8FF060723F473FEDD" box="[151,538,266,287]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771AFFC8FF060723F47EFEDD" ID-CoL="4W5B8" authority="Garman 1880: 167" authorityName="Garman" authorityPageNumber="167" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,535,266,287]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosum">
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<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FF060723F733FEDD" box="[151,346,266,287]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Scyllium ventriosum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FEF10723F47EFEDD" author="Garman" box="[352,535,266,287]" page="167" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1880">
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<collectingCountry id="F36DA9AB771AFFC8FEF10723F7C4FEDD" box="[352,429,266,287]" name="Germany" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Garman</collectingCountry>
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1880
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 167
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771AFFC8FF060701F218FEFE" blockId="3.[151,1436,266,551]" box="[151,1137,295,317]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6ACE15771AFFC8FF060701F218FEFE" box="[151,1137,295,317]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771AFFC8FF060701F767FEFF" box="[151,270,296,317]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Catulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="uter">
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<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FF060701F767FEFF" box="[151,270,296,317]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Catulus uter</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<collectingCountry id="F36DA9AB771AFFC8FE85070EF73DFEFE" box="[276,340,295,316]" name="Jordan" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Jordan</collectingCountry>
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& Gilbert in
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FE44070EF49BFEFE" author="Jordan" box="[469,754,295,316]" page="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1896">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FE44070EF4A6FEFE" author="Jordan" box="[469,719,295,316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Jordan, D. S. & Gilbert, C. H. in Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W. (1896) The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the isthmus of Panama. Part I. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 47, 1 - 1240." type="journal article" year="1896">
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<collectingCountry id="F36DA9AB771AFFC8FE44070EF47CFEFE" box="[469,533,295,316]" name="Jordan" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Jordan</collectingCountry>
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& Evermann 1896
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 25
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, pl. 3, fig. 12;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FCEF070EF24BFEFE" author="Starks" box="[894,1058,295,316]" page="147" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1917">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FCEF070EF59AFEFE" author="Starks" box="[894,1011,295,316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Starks, E. C. (1917) The Sharks of California. California Department of Fish and Game, 3, 4, 145 - 153." type="journal article" year="1917">Starks 1917</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 147
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 53.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771AFFC8FF06076CF44EFE98" blockId="3.[151,1436,266,551]" box="[151,551,325,346]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6ACE15771AFFC8FF06076CF44EFE98" box="[151,551,325,346]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771AFFC8FF06076CF44DFE98" authority="Regan 1908: 458" authorityName="Regan" authorityPageNumber="458" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,548,325,346]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FF06076CF71EFE98" box="[151,375,325,346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Scyliorhinus ventriosus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FEEC076CF44DFE98" author="Regan" box="[381,548,325,346]" page="458" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1908">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FEEC076CF79AFE98" author="Regan" box="[381,499,325,346]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Regan, C. T. (1908) A Synopsis of the sharks of the family Scyliorhinidae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8, 1, 6, 453 - 465." type="journal article" year="1908">Regan 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 458
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771AFFC8FF06074BF7EAFE2E" blockId="3.[151,1436,266,551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6ACE15771AFFC8FF06074BF7EAFE2E" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771AFFC8FF06074BF40FFEB5" ID-CoL="69K9M" authority="Garman 1913: 80" authorityName="Garman" authorityPageNumber="80" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,614,354,375]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FF06074BF7C2FEB5" box="[151,427,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Cephaloscyllium ventriosum</emphasis>
|
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:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FE28074BF40FFEB5" author="Garman" box="[441,614,354,375]" page="80" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1913">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FE28074BF42BFEB5" author="Garman" box="[441,578,354,375]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Garman, S. (1913) The Plagiostoma (Sharks, Skates, and Rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Vol. 36, Benthic Press, Los Angeles, California, 515 pp." type="book" year="1913">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36DA9AB771AFFC8FE28074BF46FFEB5" box="[441,518,354,375]" name="Germany" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Garman</collectingCountry>
|
||
1913
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 80
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 9, figs. 6–9;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FC80074BF5D1FEB5" author="White" box="[785,952,354,375]" page="117" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1937">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FC80074BF5EFFEB5" author="White" box="[785,902,354,375]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="White, E. G. (1937) Interrelationships of the Elasmobranchs with a key to the Order Galea. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 74, 2, 25 - 138." type="journal article" year="1937">White 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 117
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FC55074BF2E5FEB5" author="Kato" box="[964,1164,354,375]" page="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1967">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FC55074BF201FEB5" author="Kato" box="[964,1128,354,375]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Kato, S., Springer, S. & Wagner, M. H. (1967) Field guide to Eastern Pacific and Hawaiian sharks. United States Fish and Wildlife Service Circular, 271, 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1967">
|
||
Kato
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FC6B074BF24CFEB5" box="[1018,1061,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1967
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 24
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 36;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FB76074BF742FE56" author="Nelson" page="732" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1970">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FB76074BF692FE56" author="Nelson" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Nelson, D. R. & Johnson, R. H. (1970) Diel activity rhythms in the nocturnal, bottom dwelling sharks, Heterodontus francisci and Cephaloscyllium ventriosum. Copeia, 4, 732 - 739." type="journal article" year="1970">Nelson & Johnson 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 732
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FEA50756F784FE56" author="Grover" box="[308,493,383,404]" page="191" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1972">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FEA50756F7D7FE56" author="Grover" box="[308,446,383,404]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Grover, C. A. (1972 b) Population differences in the swell shark Cephaloscyllium ventriosum. California Department of Fish and Game, 58, 3, 191 - 197." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="b">Grover 1972b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 191
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FE660756F4BBFE56" author="Miller" box="[503,722,383,404]" page="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1972">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FE660756F4C6FE56" author="Miller" box="[503,687,383,404]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Miller, D. J. & Lea, R. N. (1972) Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin, 157, 1 - 235." type="journal article" year="1972">Miller & Lea 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 36
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–37;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FC900756F5C7FE56" author="Grover" box="[769,942,383,404]" page="359" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1974">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FC900756F516FE56" author="Grover" box="[769,895,383,404]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Grover, C. A. (1974) Juvenile denticles of the swell shark Cephaloscyllium ventriosum: function in hatching. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 52, 359 - 363." type="journal article" year="1974">Grover 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 359
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs. 1–3;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FB880756F2B7FE56" author="Hubbs" box="[1049,1246,383,405]" page="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FB880756F2AEFE56" author="Hubbs" box="[1049,1223,383,405]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Hubbs, C. L., Follett, W. I. & Dempster, L. J. (1979) List of the fishes of California. California Academy Science Occasional Papers, 133, 51 pp." type="book" year="1979">
|
||
Hubbs
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FBCC07A9F2EEFE57" box="[1117,1159,384,405]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1979
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 4
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FB790756F3FEFE56" author="Springer" box="[1256,1431,383,404]" page="42" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FB790756F31CFE56" author="Springer" box="[1256,1397,383,404]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Springer, S. (1979) A Revision of the catsharks, Family Scyliorhinidae. NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular, 422, 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1979">Springer 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 42
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs. 23–25;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FEAE07B4F781FE70" author="Castro" box="[319,488,413,434]" page="102" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1983">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FEAE07B4F7DEFE70" author="Castro" box="[319,439,413,434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Castro, J. I. (1983) The Sharks of North American Waters. Texas A & M University Press, College Station, Texas, 180 pp." type="book" year="1983">Castro 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 102
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FE6007B4F484FE70" author="Eschmeyer" box="[497,749,413,434]" page="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1983">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FE6007B4F4A2FE70" author="Eschmeyer" box="[497,715,413,434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Eschmeyer, W. N., Herald, E. S. & Hammann, H. (1983) A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts, 336 pp." type="book" year="1983">
|
||
Eschmeyer
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FDF307B4F4E2FE70" box="[610,651,413,434]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1983
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 32
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–33, pl. 1;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FCC507B4F24EFE70" author="Compagno" box="[852,1063,413,434]" page="303" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1984">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FCC507B4F59FFE70" author="Compagno" box="[852,1014,413,434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984) FAO species catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fishery Synopsis, 4, 251 - 655." type="journal article" year="1984">Compagno 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 303
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FBA107B4F368FE70" author="Compagno" box="[1072,1281,413,434]" page="113" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1988">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FBA107B4F2BBFE70" author="Compagno" box="[1072,1234,413,434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 467 pp." type="book" year="1988">Compagno 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 113
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig 13.9A;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FAE507B4F7A9FE0D" author="Ferguson" page="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1990">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FAE507B4F7F7FE0D" author="Ferguson" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Ferguson, A. & Cailliet, G. M. (1990) Sharks and Rays of the Pacific Coast. Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation, Monterey, California, 64 pp." type="book" year="1990">Ferguson & Cailliet 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 20
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–22, 24, 32, 56;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FDCB0793F56CFE0D" author="Michael" box="[602,773,442,463]" page="53" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1993">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FDCB0793F48AFE0D" author="Michael" box="[602,739,442,463]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Michael, S. W. (1993) Reef Sharks and Rays of the World: A Guide to their Identification, Ecology, and Behavior. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California, 107 pp." type="book" year="1993">Michael 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 53
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FC810793F5F7FE0D" author="Love" box="[784,926,442,463]" page="55" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1996">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FC810793F512FE0D" author="Love" box="[784,891,442,463]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Love, M. S. (1996) Probably More than You Wanted to Know About the Fishes of the Pacific Coast. Really Big Press, Santa Barbara, California, 381 pp." type="book" year="1996">Love 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 55
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FC390793F22DFE0D" author="Ebert" box="[936,1092,442,463]" page="131" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FC390793F27CFE0D" author="Ebert" box="[936,1045,442,463]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras of California. California Natural History Guides No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 131
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FBDF0793F33CFE0D" author="Compagno" box="[1102,1365,442,463]" page="219" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FBDF0793F34FFE0D" author="Compagno" box="[1102,1318,442,463]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. L. (2005) Sharks of the World, Harper Collins Publishing Ltd., London, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005">
|
||
Compagno
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FB2C0793F28EFE0D" box="[1213,1255,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 219
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 36;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FF5607FEF716FE2E" author="Love" box="[199,383,471,493]" page="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FF5607FEF701FE2E" author="Love" box="[199,360,471,493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Love, M. S., Mecklenburg, C. W., Mecklenburg, T. A. & Thorsteinson, L. K. (2005) Resource Inventory of Marine and Estuarine Fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A Checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean Species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon Border. U. S. Department of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey, Biological Resource Division, Seattle, Washington, 276 pp." type="book" year="2005">
|
||
Love
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FF6F07F1F74EFE2F" box="[254,295,472,493]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 6
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771AFFC8FF0607DCF41CFDE5" blockId="3.[151,1436,266,551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6ACE15771AFFC8FF0607DCF41CFDE5" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771AFFC8FF0607DCF476FDC8" ID-CoL="RWL5" authority="Walford 1935: 28" authorityName="Walford" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,543,501,522]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uter">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FF0607DCF70FFDC8" box="[151,358,501,522]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Cephaloscyllium uter</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FEE207DCF476FDC8" author="Walford" box="[371,543,501,522]" page="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1935">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FEE207DCF795FDC8" author="Walford" box="[371,508,501,522]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Walford, L. A. (1935) The Sharks and rays of California. California Department of Fish and Game, Fish Bulletin, 45, 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1935">Walford 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 28
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 26;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FDE607DCF524FDC8" author="Jordan" box="[631,845,501,522]" page="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1930">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FDE607DCF541FDC8" author="Jordan" box="[631,808,501,522]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Jordan, D. S., Evermann, B. W. & Clark, H. W. (1930) Check list of the fishes and fishlike vertebrates of North and Middle America. Reprint Appendix X to Report United States Commercial Fisheries, 1928, 670 pp." type="book" year="1930">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36DA9AB771AFFC8FDE607DCF4DEFDC8" box="[631,695,501,522]" name="Jordan" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FD2F07DCF480FDC8" box="[702,745,501,522]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1930
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 12
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FCC907DCF20AFDC8" author="Beebe" box="[856,1123,501,522]" page="99" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1941">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FCC907DCF256FDC8" author="Beebe" box="[856,1087,501,522]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Beebe, W. & Tee-Van, J. (1941) Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXV. Fishes from the tropical eastern Pacific. [From Cedros Island, Lower California, south to the Galapagos Islands and northern Peru.] Part 2. Sharks. Zoologica (New York), 26, 93 - 122." type="journal article" year="1941">Beebe & Tee-Van 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 99
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FBFF07DCF319FDC8" author="Roedel" box="[1134,1392,501,522]" page="50" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1950">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FBFF07DCF324FDC8" author="Roedel" box="[1134,1357,501,522]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Roedel, P. M. & Ripley, W. E. (1950) California sharks and rays. California Department of Fish and Game, Fish Bulletin, 75, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1950">Roedel & Ripley 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 50
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 34;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FF7D043BF7E5FDE5" author="Roedel" box="[236,396,530,551]" page="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1953">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FF7D043BF701FDE5" author="Roedel" box="[236,360,530,551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Roedel, P. M. (1953) Common ocean fishes of the California coast. California Department of Fish and Game, Fish Bulletin, 91, 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="1953">Roedel 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 17
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADBCF2A771AFFC8FE07043BF44EFDE5" author="Cox" box="[406,551,530,551]" page="283" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" year="1963">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771AFFC8FE07043BF790FDE5" author="Cox" box="[406,505,530,551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Cox, K. W. (1963) Egg-cases of some elasmobranchs and a cyclostome from California waters. California Department of Fish and Game, 49, 4, 271 - 289." type="journal article" year="1963">Cox 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 283
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 11.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771AFFC8FF06047EF77EFD58" blockId="3.[151,1436,599,666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FF06047EF7BEFDB3" bold="true" box="[151,471,599,625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Type-species and locality.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C15799771AFFC8FE710471F439FDB0" box="[480,592,600,626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, MCZ 496, mature female,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8244DE771AFFC8FC0C0471F268FDB0" box="[925,1025,600,626]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4799999999999995" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="748.0">748 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL, off Valparaiso,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36DA9AB771AFFC8FB640471F35CFDB0" box="[1269,1333,600,626]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4E8FFC771AFFC8FAD60471F3FEFDB0" box="[1351,1431,600,626]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" precision="925" value="-33.083332">33°5'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4E8FFC771AFFC8FF0F04A9F763FD58" box="[158,266,640,666]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" precision="925" value="-71.666664">71°40'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF05B9B3771AFFC8FF060200F275FBA5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184023/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[151,1435,709,1037]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771AFFC8FF060200F275FBA5" blockId="3.[151,1436,1065,1127]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FF060200F773FB83" bold="true" box="[151,282,1065,1089]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771AFFC8FEA40200F40FFB82" box="[309,614,1065,1088]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FEA40200F40FFB82" box="[309,614,1065,1088]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Cephaloscyllium ventriosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype (MCZ 496), lateral view. Photo courtesy of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (©President and Fellows of Harvard College).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C360BAB0771AFFC8FF5702B7F5F6FA42" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771AFFC8FF5702B7F5F6FA42" blockId="3.[151,1437,1182,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FF5702B7F72FFB7A" bold="true" box="[198,326,1182,1208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Body comparatively stocky, head short and depressed, greatest height at eyes. Snout moderately flattened, extremely short, broadly rounded in dorsoventral view. Anterior nasal flaps broadly lobate or subtriangular, overlapping mouth posteriorly. Labial furrows absent. Teeth very small, similar in both jaws. Stomach inflatable, containing air or water. Supraorbital crests present on the chondocranium. Claspers short and stout. Color pattern includes light spots on body and fins, underside of head and abdomen spotted; fins without conspicuous light margins. A large species of swellshark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C360BAB0771AFFCFFF5703A7F71EFC38" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771AFFCFFF5703A7F7D3FE90" blockId="3.[151,1437,1182,2008]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771AFFC8FF5703A7F737FA6A" bold="true" box="[198,350,1422,1448]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Proportional dimensions in percentage of total length are shown in Table 1. A robust species, large-sized. Head length 0.31 times precaudal length. Snout moderately flattened, short, broadly rounded, preorbital length
|
||
<quantity id="4C8244DE771AFFC8FE4403F7F440FA3A" box="[469,553,1502,1528]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="in" value="0.2">0.20 in</quantity>
|
||
head length and 0.65 times interorbital width. Pre-pectoral length 19.7% TL. Eye slit small, elongate-oval in shape, cat-like, with dorsal ridge on orbit, horizontal eye length
|
||
<quantity id="4C8244DE771AFFC8FADB002FF3F4F9E2" box="[1354,1437,1542,1568]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="in" value="0.12">0.12 in</quantity>
|
||
head length. Spiracle small, near the eye, diameter 0.27 times horizontal eye length. Five gill openings present, small, posterior two over pectoral fin, vertical length of first gill opening 0.08 times head length. Mouth wide, its width 0.49 times head length; greatly arched, labial furrows absent. Anterior nasal flaps broadly lobate or subtriangular, overlapping mouth posteriorly; internarial distance 0.19 times mouth width. First dorsal-fin origin just posterior to pelvic-fin origin, Pre-first dorsal-fin length 55.3% TL; pre-second dorsal-fin length 0.86 times precaudal length. First and second dorsal fins small, first dorsal-fin height
|
||
<quantity id="4C8244DE771AFFC8FAD800DFF3F5F8D2" box="[1353,1436,1782,1808]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="in" value="0.6">0.60 in</quantity>
|
||
length; second dorsal-fin height
|
||
<quantity id="4C8244DE771AFFC8FD840137F40EF8FA" box="[533,615,1822,1848]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0922" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="in" value="0.43">0.43 in</quantity>
|
||
length. Second dorsal fin smaller than first; second dorsal-fin height
|
||
<quantity id="4C8244DE771AFFC8FF06016FF680F8A2" box="[151,233,1862,1888]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3462" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="in" value="0.53">0.53 in</quantity>
|
||
first dorsal fin; second dorsal fin smaller than anal fin and opposed to it; second dorsal-fin origin and anal-fin origin about opposite, or anal-fin origin slightly anterior; second dorsal-fin insertion and anal-fin insertion in line. Pectoral fins relatively large and broad; anterior margin 0.21 times head length; base
|
||
<quantity id="4C8244DE771AFFC8FADB01BFF3F5F872" box="[1354,1436,1942,1968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4986" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="in" value="0.59">0.59 in</quantity>
|
||
anterior margin. Pelvic fin small; its length 0.14 times precaudal length; base 0.73 times in length, claspers short and stocky, clasper groove unfused between hypopyle and apopyle. Anal fin smaller than first dorsal fin; its height 0.05 times precaudal length and its length 0.11 times in precaudal length; second dorsal-fin height 0.73 times anal-fin height; anal-fin height 0.72 times first dorsal-fin height. Caudal fin broad, asymmetrical, with subterminal notch, dorsal-lobe length 0.26 times precaudal length; ventral-lobe length 0.44 times dorsal-lobe length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771DFFCFFF570749F68AFDA8" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Body firm and thick-skinned, with well calcified dermal denticles. Dermal denticles on sides of body and over most surfaces erect and needle-shaped; with a stout blade, triangular in shape with a single posterior point, blades nearly parallel to skin surface in ventral surfaces, more erect in dorsal surfaces, ventral denticles smooth without ridges, dorsal denticles with one to several ridges. Newly hatched young possess two rows of enlarged, paddle-shaped denticles with sharp blades along each side of the mid-dorsal line, from first gill slit to first dorsal-fin origin, most likely to aid in emerging from the egg case, shed soon after hatching (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771DFFCFFACB0401F6BEFDA8" author="Ebert" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras of California. California Natural History Guides No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771DFFCFFF570451F721FD20" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Teeth three to five cusped, in 3–4 series, similar in upper and lower jaws, sexual heterodonty absent. Tooth count: 54/54. Total vertebral number 109, monospondylous 42, precaudal 69, and pre-caudal diplospondylous 27.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771DFFCFFF5704C6F24AFCF0" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFF5704C6F461FCCB" bold="true" box="[198,520,751,777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Size and sexual maturity.</emphasis>
|
||
Males mature at about
|
||
<quantity id="4C8244DE771DFFCFFCB904D9F5F6FCC8" box="[808,927,752,778]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.35" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="8.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="cm" value="83.5" valueMax="85.0" valueMin="82.0">82–85 cm</quantity>
|
||
TL, with a maximum recorded size being over
|
||
<quantity id="4C8244DE771DFFCFFF430531F741FCF0" box="[210,296,792,818]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="cm" value="110.0">110 cm</quantity>
|
||
TL; hatchlings emerge at
|
||
<quantity id="4C8244DE771DFFCFFDCD0531F4B9FCF0" box="[604,720,792,818]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="cm" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 cm</quantity>
|
||
TL (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771DFFCFFC9B0531F27FFCF0" author="Compagno" box="[778,1046,792,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. L. (2005) Sharks of the World, Harper Collins Publishing Ltd., London, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005">
|
||
Compagno
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFC050531F5A1FCF3" box="[916,968,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771DFFCFFF570516F71EFC38" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFF570516F73CFC9B" bold="true" box="[198,341,831,857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
Color pattern of yellow-brown background, with variegated nearly round dark brown blotches, 10 brown dorsal saddles, numerous light spots on body and fins, underside of head and abdomen spotted; fins without conspicuous light margins. Color is somewhat lighter in fresh specimens. Hatchlings have a similar pattern, but are lighter in color (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771DFFCFFD5B0591F53AFC10" author="Ebert" box="[714,851,952,978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras of California. California Natural History Guides No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C15799771DFFCFFC290591F24BFC10" box="[952,1058,952,978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, dorsal saddles are obscure and mottling is intense.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C360BAB0771DFFCEFF57022EF223F998" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771DFFCFFF57022EF2D0F9E8" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFF57022EF743FBE3" bold="true" box="[198,298,1031,1057]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
These sharks are usually found among rocks and kelp in shallow areas (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8244DE771DFFCFFBEA0221F281FBE0" box="[1147,1256,1032,1058]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="30.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="20.0">20–40 m</quantity>
|
||
), but they have been taken from depths of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8244DE771DFFCFFE5F0219F470FB88" box="[462,537,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
as well as over sandy areas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771DFFCFFCF80219F27BFB88" author="Grover" box="[873,1042,1072,1098]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Grover, C. A. (1972 b) Population differences in the swell shark Cephaloscyllium ventriosum. California Department of Fish and Game, 58, 3, 191 - 197." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="b">Grover 1972b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771DFFCFFB8F0219F2C9FB88" author="Love" box="[1054,1184,1072,1098]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Love, M. S. (1996) Probably More than You Wanted to Know About the Fishes of the Pacific Coast. Really Big Press, Santa Barbara, California, 381 pp." type="book" year="1996">Love 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nocturnal and generally solitary, they feed at night by ambushing prey in the lie-and-wait fashion (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771DFFCFFBD50271F30DFBB0" author="Nelson" box="[1092,1380,1112,1138]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Nelson, D. R. & Johnson, R. H. (1970) Diel activity rhythms in the nocturnal, bottom dwelling sharks, Heterodontus francisci and Cephaloscyllium ventriosum. Copeia, 4, 732 - 739." type="journal article" year="1970">Nelson & Johnson 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771DFFCFFF0602A9F78FFB5B" box="[151,486,1152,1177]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFF0602A9F78FFB5B" box="[151,486,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Cephaloscyllium ventriosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is oviparous, producing two egg cases per clutch.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771DFFCFFBD102A9F2AEFB58" author="Cox" box="[1088,1223,1152,1178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Cox, K. W. (1963) Egg-cases of some elasmobranchs and a cyclostome from California waters. California Department of Fish and Game, 49, 4, 271 - 289." type="journal article" year="1963">Cox (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the egg case as large, unridged (i.e. not laminated), rectangular with thick tendrils; from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8244DE771DFFCFFBAE0281F2A2FB00" box="[1087,1227,1192,1218]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.075" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="107.5" valueMax="125.0" valueMin="90.0">90–125 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8244DE771DFFCFFAE10281F682FB28" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="41.5" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="28.0">28– 55 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width. Anterior end with short, thick horns tapered to points extending as coiled tendrils, anterior horns bend acutely towards each other, often touching. Posterior end blunt, horns short, terminating into thick coiled filaments; thin margin between posterior horns deeply crescent-shaped. Anterior end slightly constricted, tapers gradually toward posterior end, neck of egg case constricted. Tendrils either long (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8244DE771DFFCFFA9F0361F3FCFAA0" box="[1294,1429,1352,1378]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="cm" value="140.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="80.0">80–200 cm</quantity>
|
||
) or short (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8244DE771DFFCFFE970359F72EFA48" box="[262,327,1392,1418]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
). Freshly laid case transparent, light greenish-tan; holds a single egg seen through the case. Exposure to seawater somewhat darkens the case but it remains translucent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771DFFCFFB8203B1F2E2FA70" author="Cox" box="[1043,1163,1432,1458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Cox, K. W. (1963) Egg-cases of some elasmobranchs and a cyclostome from California waters. California Department of Fish and Game, 49, 4, 271 - 289." type="journal article" year="1963">Cox 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Eggs hatch in 7.5–10 months depending on water temperature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771DFFCFFD1603E9F564FA18" author="Ebert" box="[647,781,1472,1498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras of California. California Natural History Guides No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and are apparently preyed upon by carnivorous snails (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771DFFCFFF0E03C1F722F9C0" author="Grover" box="[159,331,1512,1538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Grover, C. A. (1972 a) Predation on the egg cases of the swell shark, Cephaloscyllium ventriosum. Copeia, 4, 871 - 872." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="a">Grover 1972a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Populations living near the mainland produce eggs with long tendrils, while those living around Santa Catalina Island have short tendrils (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771DFFCFFD460039F5E9F9E8" author="Grover" box="[727,896,1552,1578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Grover, C. A. (1972 b) Population differences in the swell shark Cephaloscyllium ventriosum. California Department of Fish and Game, 58, 3, 191 - 197." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="b">Grover 1972b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771DFFCFFC1D0039F277F9E8" author="Castro" box="[908,1054,1552,1578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" refString="Castro, J. I. (1983) The Sharks of North American Waters. Texas A & M University Press, College Station, Texas, 180 pp." type="book" year="1983">Castro 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771DFFCFFBBB0039F2C5F9E8" author="Love" box="[1066,1196,1552,1578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Love, M. S. (1996) Probably More than You Wanted to Know About the Fishes of the Pacific Coast. Really Big Press, Santa Barbara, California, 381 pp." type="book" year="1996">Love 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771DFFCFFF570011F274F960" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
This species is of no interest to fisheries; it is occasionally caught by divers and sportfishers, and often found in lobster and crab traps, but probably not utilized (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771DFFCFFCD30049F262F9B8" author="Compagno" box="[834,1035,1632,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984) FAO species catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fishery Synopsis, 4, 251 - 655." type="journal article" year="1984">Compagno 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771DFFCFFB890049F2F6F9B8" author="Ebert" box="[1048,1183,1632,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras of California. California Natural History Guides No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to some reports, swellshark meat is mildly toxic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771DFFCFFDE500A1F5EBF960" author="Roedel" box="[628,898,1672,1698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Roedel, P. M. & Ripley, W. E. (1950) California sharks and rays. California Department of Fish and Game, Fish Bulletin, 75, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1950">Roedel & Ripley 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771DFFCFFC1F00A1F279F960" author="Love" box="[910,1040,1672,1698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Love, M. S. (1996) Probably More than You Wanted to Know About the Fishes of the Pacific Coast. Really Big Press, Santa Barbara, California, 381 pp." type="book" year="1996">Love 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771DFFCEFF570086F456FE30" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,498]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFF570086F46AF90B" bold="true" box="[198,515,1711,1737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771DFFCFFE3A0086F795F90B" box="[427,508,1711,1737]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uter">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFE3A0086F7D7F90B" bold="true" box="[427,446,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFE5F0086F795F90B" bold="true" box="[462,508,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">uter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Important morphometric characters used to separate other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771DFFCFFAD40099F766F933" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFAD40099F766F933" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Cephaloscyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fail to separate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771DFFCFFE4200F1F413F933" box="[467,634,1752,1778]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFE4200F1F78FF933" box="[467,486,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFE6900F1F413F933" box="[504,634,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">ventriosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771DFFCFFD5700F1F573F933" box="[710,794,1752,1778]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uter">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFD5700F1F4B0F933" box="[710,729,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFD7A00F1F573F933" box="[747,794,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">uter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table 1). The first dorsal-fin base of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771DFFCFFB6400F1F3F5F933" box="[1269,1436,1752,1778]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFB6400F1F361F933" box="[1269,1288,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFA8B00F1F3F5F933" box="[1306,1436,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">ventriosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranges from 7.4–10.3 %TL in the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7C22B2771DFFCFFDB40129F4AAF8D8" box="[549,707,1792,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="generic">16 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
examined. The Chilean
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C15799771DFFCFFC780129F239F8D8" box="[1001,1104,1792,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has a first dorsal-fin base of 7.6% TL, which falls within this range. The first dorsal-fin height of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771DFFCFFC530101F20FF883" box="[962,1126,1832,1858]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFC530101F5BCF883" box="[962,981,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFC750101F20FF883" box="[996,1126,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">ventriosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranges from 4.9–7.5% TL in the California specimens, and 6.1% TL in the Chilean
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C15799771DFFCFFCA60179F5C8F8A8" box="[823,929,1872,1898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, again falling within the range. The length of the caudal peduncle, measured by the dorsal–caudal space and the anal–caudal space, also fails to separate the northern and southern species (Table 1). Characters such as mouth width and internarial width do not uphold
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771DFFCFFF6101E1F72AF823" box="[240,323,1992,2018]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uter">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFF6101E1F76AF823" box="[240,259,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771DFFCFFE8501E1F72AF823" box="[276,323,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">uter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as valid either. The shape of the anterior nasal flap is very similar for both eastern North and eastern South Pacific specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1341F5BE771CFFCEFDB106B1F40EFF70" box="[544,615,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1239,1263]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,551,1219]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[204,1384,551,1219]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. — Ventral view of the head, including morphology of the anterior nasal flaps of Cephaloscyllium ventriosum (MCZ 1230) collected from Santa Barbara, California (left), and C. ventriosum holotype (MCZ 496) collected from central Chile (right). Photo by J. A. S. - Da Silva." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184024/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, the color pattern of heavy mottling and 10 dorsal saddles is comparable for all of the eastern Pacific specimens studied. There is a somewhat darker coloration in the Chilean
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C15799771CFFCEFEB906C1F7FBFEC0" box="[296,402,232,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but this could be due to different preservation methods. Both California and Chilean forms are of the large-size variety; the maximum size is about double that of a dwarf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771CFFCEFBE50739F350FEEB" box="[1140,1337,272,297]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFBE50739F350FEEB" box="[1140,1337,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Cephaloscyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771CFFCEFF5B0711F785FE90" authority="Chan 1966" authorityName="Chan" authorityYear="1966" box="[202,492,312,338]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFF5B0711F6B4FE93" box="[202,221,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFF7C0711F736FE93" box="[237,351,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">fasciatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771CFFCEFEF90711F785FE90" author="Chan" box="[360,492,312,338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="65" refString="Chan, W. L. (1966) New sharks from the South China Sea. Journal of Zoology, 148, 218 - 237." type="journal article" year="1966">Chan 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771CFFCEFE680711F4E6FE90" author="Ebert" box="[505,655,312,338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras of California. California Natural History Guides No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reports
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771CFFCEFD630711F5F1FE93" box="[754,920,312,338]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFD630711F56CFE93" box="[754,773,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFC870711F5F1FE93" box="[790,920,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">ventriosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to have a total vertebral count of 109–112; the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C15799771CFFCEFF540749F745FEB8" box="[197,300,352,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has 109. Also,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771CFFCEFE690749F4F9FEB8" author="Ebert" box="[504,656,352,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refString="Ebert, D. A. (2003) Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras of California. California Natural History Guides No. 71. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">Ebert (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reports
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771CFFCEFD670749F5F4FEBB" box="[758,925,352,378]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFD670749F560FEBB" box="[758,777,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFC8A0749F5F4FEBB" box="[795,925,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">ventriosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to have tooth counts of 55–69/46–85; the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C15799771CFFCEFF0607A1F697FE60" box="[151,254,392,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has 54/54.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771CFFCEFE1D07A1F42FFE60" author="Springer" box="[396,582,392,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refString="Springer, S. (1979) A Revision of the catsharks, Family Scyliorhinidae. NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular, 422, 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1979">Springer (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reports the spiral valve count as 10–11, but the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C15799771CFFCEFBE607A1F2B4FE60" box="[1143,1245,392,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen could not be dissected, and so this could not be confirmed. No other key characters were identified that would distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771CFFCEFF6D07F1F7C8FE33" box="[252,417,472,498]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFF6D07F1F766FE33" box="[252,271,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFE8E07F1F7C8FE33" box="[287,417,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">ventriosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771CFFCEFE7807F1F450FE33" box="[489,569,472,498]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uter">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFE7807F1F795FE33" box="[489,508,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFD9A07F1F450FE33" box="[523,569,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">uter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF05B9B3771CFFCEFF0602FEF41DFAED" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184024/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[204,1383,551,1219]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771CFFCEFF0602FEF41DFAED" blockId="5.[151,1436,1239,1327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFF0602FEF77BFB2D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1239,1263]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
. —Ventral view of the head, including morphology of the anterior nasal flaps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771CFFCEFBFD02F1F3F2FB2D" box="[1132,1435,1240,1263]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFBFD02F1F3F2FB2D" box="[1132,1435,1240,1263]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Cephaloscyllium ventriosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MCZ 1230) collected from Santa Barbara, California (left), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771CFFCEFCDD02D1F588FACD" box="[844,993,1272,1295]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFCDD02D1F537FACD" box="[844,862,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFCFA02D1F588FACD" box="[875,993,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">ventriosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype (MCZ 496) collected from central Chile (right). Photo by J.A. S.-Da Silva.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771CFFCEFF570351F223F998" blockId="5.[151,1436,1400,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Concerning many measurements, there was more variation among the different California specimens than between any California specimen and the Chilean
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C15799771CFFCEFD780389F53AFA78" box="[745,851,1440,1466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. For example, two specimens collected off Santa Barbara show great variation in the size and shape of the pectoral fin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1341F5BE771CFFCEFC4D03E1F24DFA20" box="[988,1060,1480,1506]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,951,975]" captionTargetBox="[219,1367,203,940]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[219,1368,203,940]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. – Pectoral fins of Cephaloscyllium ventriosum (MCZ 877) (left), and C. ventriosum (MCZ 1230) (right), both collected from Santa Barbara, California. Photo by J. A. S. - Da Silva." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184025/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), more so than if either is compared to the Chilean
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C15799771CFFCEFE2303D9F475F9C8" box="[434,540,1520,1546]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Given the lack of characters to distinguish California and Chilean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771CFFCEFF060031F735F9F3" box="[151,348,1560,1585]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFF060031F735F9F3" box="[151,348,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Cephaloscyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we conclude that only a single valid species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771CFFCEFC1D0031F25AF9F3" box="[908,1075,1560,1586]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFC1D0031F5F6F9F3" box="[908,927,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFC200031F25AF9F3" box="[945,1075,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">ventriosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, occurs in the eastern Pacific.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771CFFCEFF060069F7FBF99B" box="[151,402,1600,1625]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uter">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFF060069F7FBF99B" box="[151,402,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Cephaloscyllium uter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is therefore designated a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771CFFCEFC0F0069F22BF99B" box="[926,1090,1600,1626]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFC0F0069F5D8F99B" box="[926,945,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFC510069F22BF99B" box="[960,1090,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">ventriosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C360BAB0771CFFCEFF570041F7C1F8B0" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771CFFCEFF570041F7C1F8B0" blockId="5.[151,1436,1400,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFF570041F70EF940" bold="true" box="[198,359,1640,1666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Eastern Pacific: Central California (Monterey Bay) to Gulf of California and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36DA9AB771CFFCEFACD0041F6D7F968" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
; central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36DA9AB771CFFCEFEB000B9F709F968" box="[289,352,1680,1706]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771CFFCEFEE100B9F412F968" author="Compagno" box="[368,635,1680,1706]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. L. (2005) Sharks of the World, Harper Collins Publishing Ltd., London, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005">
|
||
Compagno
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFE6B00B9F444F96B" box="[506,557,1680,1705]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but more abundant south of Point Conception (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771CFFCEFB2500B9F350F968" author="Love" box="[1204,1337,1680,1706]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refString="Love, M. S. (1996) Probably More than You Wanted to Know About the Fishes of the Pacific Coast. Really Big Press, Santa Barbara, California, 381 pp." type="book" year="1996">Love 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771CFFCEFAC500B9F7C2F913" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFAC500B9F7C2F913" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Cephaloscyllium ventriosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be the only member of this genus to exhibit an antitropical geographic pattern as there are no records of this species occurring between Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36DA9AB771CFFCEFB9D00C9F218F938" box="[1036,1137,1760,1786]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36DA9AB771CFFCEFA8C00C9F309F938" box="[1309,1376,1760,1786]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The western North Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771CFFCEFE0D0121F446F8E3" box="[412,559,1800,1826]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Cephaloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFE0D0121F7C6F8E3" box="[412,431,1800,1825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFE2C0121F446F8E3" box="[445,559,1800,1825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">fasciatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported to display an antitropical geographic pattern (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771CFFCEFA880121F74BF888" author="Compagno" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. L. (2005) Sharks of the World, Harper Collins Publishing Ltd., London, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005">
|
||
Compagno
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFF060119F6A6F88B" box="[151,207,1840,1865]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, supposed Australian records of this species have proven to be distinctly different (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB94CA771CFFCEFF0F0171F7F2F8B0" author="White" box="[158,411,1880,1906]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="White, W. T. & Ebert, D. A. (2008) Cephaloscyllium hiscosellum sp. nov., a new swellshark (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from northwestern Australia, pp. 171 - 178. In: P. R. Last, W. T. White & J. J. Pogonoski (Eds.), Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research Paper 0 22, 358 pp." type="book chapter" year="2008">White & Ebert, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C360BAB0771CFFCEFF5701A9F477F828" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771CFFCEFF5701A9F717F800" blockId="5.[151,1436,1400,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFF5701A9F73AF858" bold="true" box="[198,339,1920,1946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Latin
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7A92B8771CFFCEFDB301A9F4F2F85B" box="[546,667,1920,1945]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventriosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFDB301A9F4F2F85B" box="[546,667,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">ventriosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, meaning swell, refers to the common name and the ability to inflate the stomach.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC5E93B771CFFCEFF5701F9F477F828" blockId="5.[151,1436,1400,2026]" box="[198,542,2000,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90E3529771CFFCEFF5701F9F7E4F828" bold="true" box="[198,397,2000,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Common name.</emphasis>
|
||
Swellshark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |