434 lines
49 KiB
XML
434 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="106A484160EDF4AFA03F68848A7FC59D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.191476" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8603d4d1-efc8-44bb-84ae-76d3d8dd8161" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="191476" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461128727612" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Passos, Paulo, Mueses-Cisneros, Jonh Jairo, Lynch, John D. & Fernandes, Ronaldo" docDate="2009" docId="03D087ECAA4A7742FF11B3BF171525BD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02293p034.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2293" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Atractus multicinctus Jan 1865" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFE9FF94AA5E7755FF86B32815112046" masterDocTitle="Pacific lowland snakes of the genus Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae), with description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1698597252759" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="49EA632FEBE77809EFA15483E19D69ED">Pacific lowland snakes of the genus Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae), with description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="842324419CA5A3F173F8226025CCE923">Passos, Paulo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="983BC13D727D42BC9F87086F041F71AA">Mueses-Cisneros, Jonh Jairo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="34709DEB71E30F9A059DF82A12AD0641">Lynch, John D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1F7DC4F3237D837EFE46B45A8A381D20">Fernandes, Ronaldo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8C48434388E1244A4A97409B8C7D704B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CEE0840E4BA11030D902C04C7BDC9511">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8A88DC6AF64C5506A5F639DA9F955EE0">2293</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="11DD46BD0C9296B0796BE225B2DC4D68" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.191476</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D087ECAA4A7742FF11B3BF171525BD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6214667" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119626680" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6214667" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087ECAA4A7742FF11B3BF171525BD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087ECAA4A7742FF11B3BF171525BD" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection id="C3636571AA4A7741FF11B3BF145C2092" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4A7741FF11B3BF173D20F7" blockId="20.[151,556,151,212]" box="[151,556,151,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<heading id="D08E8196AA4A7741FF11B3BF173D20F7" bold="true" box="[151,556,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4A7741FF11B3BF173D20F7" authority="Jan, 1865" authorityName="Jan" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,556,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4A7741FF11B3BF173D20F7" bold="true" box="[151,556,151,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4A7741FF11B3BF148A20F7" bold="true" box="[151,411,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Atractus multicinctus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4A7741FE2CB3BF173220F7" author="Jan" box="[426,547,151,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="32" refString="Jan, G. & Sordelli, F. (1865) Iconographie generale des ophidians. Tome premier, livr. 15 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1865">Jan, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4A7741FF11B392145C2092" blockId="20.[151,556,151,212]" box="[151,333,186,212]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<figureCitation id="13422A7FAA4A7741FF11B39215E62092" box="[151,247,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="20.[151,258,1047,1071]" captionTargetBox="[180,1396,664,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[171,1417,653,1023]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 13. General view of original Sordelli’s plate of the Atractus multicinctus. Modified from Jan & Sordelli (1865)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191489/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13422A7FAA4A7741FE82B39214352092" box="[260,292,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="20.[151,254,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[162,1400,1171,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[162,1424,1159,1763]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 14. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of Atractus multicinctus (ICN 7075). SVL 228 mm, CL 35 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191490/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">14</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13422A7FAA4A7741FEB6B392145C2092" box="[304,333,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="21.[151,254,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox="[296,1256,380,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[184,1274,361,1954]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 15. Dorsal (A) and ventral views (B) of head and lateral view of body (C) of Atractus multicinctus (ICN 7075). Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191491/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">15</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3636571AA4A7741FF11B220113B21F9" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4A7741FF11B22014142179" blockId="20.[151,1436,264,447]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4A7741FF11B220147C2159" box="[151,365,264,287]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Rabdosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badium">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4A7741FF11B220147C2159" box="[151,365,264,287]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rabdosoma badium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4A7741FEF0B220174F2159" authority="Jan" authorityName="Jan" box="[374,606,264,287]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="variety" variety="multicinctum">
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var.
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4A7741FE20B22017202159" box="[422,561,264,287]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">multicinctum</emphasis>
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Jan
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4A7741FD02B220166A2159" author="Jan" box="[644,891,264,287]" pageId="20" pageNumber="32" refString="Jan, G. & Sordelli, F. (1865) Iconographie generale des ophidians. Tome premier, livr. 15 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1865">Jan and Sordelli, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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; Iconographie Générale des Ophidiens 10:plate 4, fig. 5.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4A7741FF11B260118B2119" blockId="20.[151,1436,264,447]" box="[151,1178,328,351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4A7741FF11B26014462119" box="[151,343,328,351]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4A7741FF11B26015E02119" box="[151,241,328,351]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atractus</taxonomicName>
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badius—
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4A7741FED0B260171A2119" author="Boulenger" box="[342,523,328,351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="31" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). vol. 3 Trustees of the British Museum, London, U. K., 364 pp." type="book" year="1896">Boulenger, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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; Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum 2:308 (part).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4A7741FF11B24016D92139" blockId="20.[151,1436,264,447]" box="[151,968,360,383]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4A7741FF11B24014832139" box="[151,402,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4A7741FF11B24015E02139" box="[151,241,360,383]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atractus</taxonomicName>
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multicinctus—
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</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4A7741FE14B24017542139" author="Boulenger" box="[402,581,360,383]" pageId="20" pageNumber="31" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1898) A list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by the late Prof. L. Balzan in Bolivia. Annali del Museo di Storia Naturale de Genova, 2, 128 - 133." type="journal article" year="1898">Boulenger, 1898</bibRefCitation>
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||
; Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1898:116.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4A7741FF11B2A016C721D9" blockId="20.[151,1436,264,447]" box="[151,982,392,415]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4A7741FF11B2A0148321D9" box="[151,402,392,415]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4A7741FF11B2A015E021D9" box="[151,241,392,415]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atractus</taxonomicName>
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multicinctus—
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</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4A7741FE14B2A0175421D9" author="Boulenger" box="[402,581,392,415]" pageId="20" pageNumber="31" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1913) A collection of batrachians and reptiles made by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell, F. Z. S., in the Choco. Colombia. Proceedings Zollogical Society, London, 1913, 1019 - 1038." type="proceedings paper" year="1913">Boulenger, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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; Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1913:1035.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4A7741FF11B280113B21F9" blockId="20.[151,1436,264,447]" box="[151,1066,424,447]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4A7741FF11B280148321F9" box="[151,402,424,447]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4A7741FF11B28015E021F9" box="[151,241,424,447]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atractus</taxonomicName>
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multicinctus—
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</emphasis>
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Savage, 1960; Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 112:54.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3636571AA4A7741FF11B2C6102C2210" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4A7741FF11B2C6102C2210" blockId="20.[151,1436,494,598]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4A7741FF11B2C61402224E" bold="true" box="[151,275,494,520]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<typeStatus id="54C28858AA4A7741FF11B2C6141F224E" box="[151,270,494,520]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Specimen originally in the Museo Cívico di Historia Natural di Milano (
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<collectionCode id="ED68AE3FAA4A7741FBF3B2C611FF224E" box="[1141,1262,494,520]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MCHNM</collectionCode>
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), from ”Lima” without more precise data (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA4A7741FD89B13D16302269" author="Jan" box="[527,801,533,559]" pageId="20" pageNumber="32" refString="Jan, G. & Sordelli, F. (1865) Iconographie generale des ophidians. Tome premier, livr. 15 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1865">Jan and Sordelli, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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). Specimen destroyed during World War II (S. Scali, pers. comm.). Savage (1960) considered as the locality to be Lima, capital of
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<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA4A7741FBA5B11411482210" box="[1059,1113,572,598]" name="Peru" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Peru</collectingCountry>
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(but see Remarks).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF066672AA4A7741FF11B73F15F42417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191489/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[180,1396,664,1019]" targetPageId="20">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4A7741FF11B73F15F42417" blockId="20.[151,1436,1047,1105]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4A7741FF11B73F143C2469" bold="true" box="[151,301,1047,1071]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
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General view of original Sordelli’s plate of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4A7741FCCAB73F112D2468" box="[844,1084,1047,1070]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4A7741FCCAB73F112D2468" box="[844,1084,1047,1070]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Atractus multicinctus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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. Modified from Jan & Sordelli (1865).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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<caption id="DF066672AA4A7741FF11B5F1102D26B6" box="[151,1340,1753,1777]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191490/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[162,1400,1171,1752]" targetPageId="20">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4A7741FF11B5F1102D26B6" blockId="20.[151,1340,1753,1777]" box="[151,1340,1753,1777]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4A7741FF11B5F1143726B7" bold="true" box="[151,294,1753,1777]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
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Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4A7741FD36B5F2168226B7" box="[688,915,1754,1777]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4A7741FD36B5F2168226B7" box="[688,915,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Atractus multicinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(ICN 7075). SVL 228 mm, CL 35 mm.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3636571AA4A7743FF40B46D101521DC" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4A7740FF40B46D16F5210A" blockId="20.[151,1436,1861,2004]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1436,152,332]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4A7741FF40B46D14592719" bold="true" box="[198,328,1861,1887]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4A7741FED6B46E175B2719" box="[336,586,1862,1887]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4A7741FED6B46E175B2719" box="[336,586,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Atractus multicinctus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is distinguished from all congeners by the combination of the following characters: (1) 17/17/17 smooth dorsal scale rows; (2) two postoculars; (3) loreal long; (4) temporals 1+2; (5) seven supralabials, third and fourth contacting orbit; (6) six or seven infralabials, first three contacting chinshields; (7) five or six maxillary teeth; (8) four gular scale rows; (9) four preventrals; (10) 177–184 ventrals in females,
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||
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA4B7740FE02B3B0171820F4" box="[388,521,152,178]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4577" metricValueMax="4.6482" metricValueMin="4.2672" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="in" value="175.5" valueMax="183.0" valueMin="168.0">168–183 in</quantity>
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males; (11) 31–36 subcaudals in females,
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA4B7740FC78B3B0117420F4" box="[1022,1125,152,178]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0541" metricValueMax="1.0922" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="in" value="41.5" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="40.0">40–43 in</quantity>
|
||
males; (12) dorsal ground colour beige with wide black bands alternating on flanks and occasionally contacting opposite bands in the vertebral region; (13) venter uniformly creamish white; (14) moderate body size in female
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA4B7740FB45B3CD103520B9" box="[1219,1316,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="312.0">312 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, and small in males
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA4B7740FEC0B22414B72160" box="[326,422,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4899999999999998" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="249.0">249 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL; (15) tail moderate in females (12.6–13.5% SVL) and long in males (15.3–20.5% of SVL); (16) hemipenis strongly bilobed, semicapitate, semicalyculate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF066672AA4B7740FF11B48D142327A6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191491/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[296,1256,380,1934]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA4B7740FF11B48D142327A6" blockId="21.[151,1436,1957,2016]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4B7740FF11B48D143427FB" bold="true" box="[151,293,1957,1981]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal (A) and ventral views (B) of head and lateral view of body (C) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA4B7740FBB7B48E100527FB" box="[1073,1300,1958,1981]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA4B7740FBB7B48E100527FB" box="[1073,1300,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Atractus multicinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ICN 7075). Scale = 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA487743FF40B3BF101521DC" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FF40B3BF146720F7" bold="true" box="[198,374,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Comparisons:</emphasis>
|
||
Among all congeners,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA487743FD01B3B0162620F7" box="[647,823,152,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FD01B3B0162620F7" box="[647,823,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. multicinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares only with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA487743FB80B3B0117A20F7" box="[1030,1131,152,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FB80B3B0117A20F7" box="[1030,1131,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. clarki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
17 dorsal scale rows, 31– 36 subcaudals in females and
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA487743FE75B396174B209E" box="[499,602,190,216]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.779" metricValueMax="10.922" metricValueMin="8.636" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="in" value="38.5" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="34.0">34–43 in</quantity>
|
||
males, generally six infralabials, generally three infralabials contacting chinshields, five to seven large and well-spaced maxillary teeth, body diameter below
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA487743FB18B3CD11F720B9" box="[1182,1254,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, banded colour pattern, wide cream occipital band constricted dorsally, venter predominantly creamish white.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA487743FAB2B224143E210D" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FAB2B224143E210D" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Atractus multicinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs form
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA487743FE50B21A1752210D" box="[470,579,306,331]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FE50B21A1752210D" box="[470,579,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. clarki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having 177–183 ventrals in males, dorsal ground colour beige or creamish white crossed by black bands of similar width or broader than light interspaces (vs. 153–165 ventral in males and dorsal ground colour black with narrow light bands smaller than black interspaces).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3636571AA487742FF40B28E16B42272" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA487743FF40B28E17302398" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FF40B28E14702186" bold="true" box="[198,353,422,448]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Head twice as long as wide, slightly arched in lateral view, rounded in dorsal view; snout truncate in lateral view, slightly rounded in dorsal view; cervical constriction indistinct; rostral subtriangular in frontal view, broader than high, poorly visible in dorsal view; internasal longer than wide; internasal suture sinistral with respect to prefrontal suture; prefrontal as long as wide; supraocular sub-trapezoidal, twice as long as wide; frontal pentagonal, as long as wide; parietal about twice as long as wide; nasal divided; nostril between pre- and postnasal; prenasal twice as high as long; postnasal about as high as long, as high as prenasal; loreal long, contacting second and third supralabials; pupil round; postoculars equally high; upper postocular slightly longer than lower postocular; temporals 1+2; first temporal about three times as long as high; upper posterior temporals elongate, about three times as long as wide; seven supralabials, third and fourth contacting orbit; first two supralabials equally high, smaller than third and fourth supralabials; sixth higher and seventh longer than remaining supralabials; symphisial subtriangular, twice as broad as long; six infralabials, first three contacting chinshields; first pair in contact behind symphisial, preventing symphisial/ chinshields contact; chinshields three times longer than wide; four gular scale rows; four preventrals; 17/17/ 17 smooth dorsal scale rows; dorsals lacking apical pits, supra-anal tubercles, and keels; caudal spine moderate, conical, and rhomboid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA487743FF40B0C211E6243E" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FF40B0C2149D2442" bold="true" box="[198,396,1002,1028]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Maxillary arch:</emphasis>
|
||
Arched in dorsal view, with four prediastemal and one or two postdiastemal teeth; first three teeth large, similar in size, moderately spaced, curved posteriorly, angular in cross section, robust at base, and narrower at apices; maxillary diastema moderately long; postdiastemal teeth significantly smaller than last prediastemal tooth; lateral process moderately developed, lacking posterior projection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA487743FF40B7AD15EA260E" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FF40B7AD14E224D9" bold="true" box="[198,499,1157,1183]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Colour in preservative:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum of head with black cephalic cap extending from rostral to anterior region of parietals; occipital band cream covering mid-posterior parietal, temporal, and occipital regions; background of head black to dorsal margin of supralabials ventrally and to the level of the postocular posteriorly; supralabials uniform cream below to dorsal spots; mental region, preventrals, and venter immaculate cream; tail cream with small black dots concentrated on middle portion between median subcaudal sutures; dorsal ground colour of body beige or reddish light brown, with about 30 black bands (three scales long) alternating on the body flanks; bands reaching first or second scale rows ventrally and frequently connecting the opposite band in vertebral region; bands laterally rhomboid shaped and occasionally scattered with light pigment at the centre; around 30 beige interspaces smaller or of similar size to black bands (two or three scales long); interspaces covered with small diffuse black dots in the flanks and irregular black blotches at paraventral region (two scales long); irregular blotches frequently connected to black bands dorsally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA487742FF40B57D110F2135" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2034]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1437,152,1531]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FF40B57D14FB2629" bold="true" box="[198,490,1621,1647]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hemipenis morphology</emphasis>
|
||
(everted organ
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FD24B57D17A02628" box="[674,689,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1): Retracted organ bifurcates at fifth and extends to the level of eighth subcaudal. Hemipenis strongly bilobed, semicapitate, semycaliculate; lobes clearly distinct from
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FF11B58B140526FA" box="[151,276,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">capitulum</emphasis>
|
||
and of equivalent size to hemipenial body; lobes centrifugally oriented, subcylindrical with flattened apices; left lobe longer than right; lobes and
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FCC1B5E116D526A4" box="[839,964,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">capitulum</emphasis>
|
||
covered with small and concentrated spinulate calyces; spinules gradually relaced with papillae toward apices of lobes; capitular groove indistinct on the sulcate and barely evident on the asulcate side of hemipenis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FC59B43F11482776" box="[991,1113,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">capitulum</emphasis>
|
||
situated just above
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FAD6B43F14212710" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">sulcus spermaticus</emphasis>
|
||
bifurcation, and smaller than hemipenial body on the sulcate side;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FB14B41510002710" box="[1170,1297,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">capitulum</emphasis>
|
||
limited by moderately sized hooked spines arranged in diagonal series on the sulcate side of organ;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FB31B44C103C273B" box="[1207,1325,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">capitulum</emphasis>
|
||
retracted medially on the asulcate side, and slightly longer than hemipenial body; intrasulcar region of
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FB6CB4A3104E27E2" box="[1258,1375,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">capitulum</emphasis>
|
||
with three narrow and large hooked spines among calyces;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FCB8B499113B278C" box="[830,1066,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">sulcus spermaticus</emphasis>
|
||
bifurcates at basal portion of hemipenial body;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FEE9B4F0174327B7" box="[367,594,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">sulcus spermaticus</emphasis>
|
||
branches running parallel to mid-
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA487743FC6DB4F0112727B7" box="[1003,1078,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">sulcus</emphasis>
|
||
extension before diverging at the base of lobes; branches of
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FD83B3B017F920F7" box="[517,744,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">sulcus spermaticus</emphasis>
|
||
with centrifugal orientation, reaching tip of lobes;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FAD7B3B01434209E" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">sulcus spermaticus</emphasis>
|
||
margins moderately expanded, bordered with spinules before
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FB85B39711F3209E" box="[1027,1250,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">sulcus spermaticus</emphasis>
|
||
bifurcation and later with papillae; hemipenial body subelliptical, slightly broader than
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FC7EB3CD117E20B8" box="[1016,1135,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">capitulum</emphasis>
|
||
, uniformly covered with moderately hooked spines; spines concentrated on lateral portion of sulcate side and region adjacent to
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FF11B21A141E210D" box="[151,271,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">capitulum</emphasis>
|
||
on the asulcate side; basal naked pocket restricted to proximal region of hemipenial body; basal portion of hemipenis with longitudinal plicae and disperse spinules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A7FAA497742FC3FB27111112135" box="[953,1024,345,371]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,260,1075,1099]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,155,1047]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,155,1048]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Sulcate and asulcate sides of the hemipenis of (A) Atractus clarki (ICN 10826) and (B) Atractus multicinctus (ICN 7075). Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191480/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA497742FF40B25716B42272" blockId="23.[151,1437,152,1531]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FF40B257145221DF" bold="true" box="[198,323,383,409]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Variation:</emphasis>
|
||
Largest male
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA497742FE76B2A8174221DC" box="[496,595,384,410]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4899999999999998" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="249.0">249 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL,
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA497742FD25B2A817E621DC" box="[675,759,384,410]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 mm</quantity>
|
||
CL; largest female
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA497742FC63B2A8115921DC" box="[997,1096,384,410]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.12" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="312.0">312 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL,
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA497742FB1FB2A811FC21DC" box="[1177,1261,384,410]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 mm</quantity>
|
||
CL; tail 15.3– 20.5% (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FF77B28F15EC2186" box="[241,253,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">x¯</emphasis>
|
||
= 18.3; SD = 2.7;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FE51B28F14F72186" box="[471,486,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3) SVL in males, 12.6–13.5% (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FCF7B28F16912186" box="[881,896,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2) SVL in females; 168–183 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FB71B28F10152186" box="[1271,1284,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">x¯</emphasis>
|
||
= 177; SD = 7.9;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FF4DB2E515CB21A0" box="[203,218,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3) ventrals in males, 177–184 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FDE5B2E5176321A0" box="[611,626,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2) in females; 40–43 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FC0BB2E5168B21A0" box="[909,922,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">x¯</emphasis>
|
||
= 41; SD = 1.7;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FBD8B2E5117C21A0" box="[1118,1133,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3) subcaudals in males, 31–36 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FF77B2DC1411224B" box="[241,256,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2) in females; 9–10 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FD95B2DC1733224B" box="[531,546,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2) dorsal scale rows at the level of second subcaudal;
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA497742FB31B2DC10552248" box="[1207,1348,500,526]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8499999999999996" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="3.8499999999999996" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="3.1">3.1–4.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FAD3B2DC1075224B" box="[1365,1380,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2) diameter of body; 5 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FE08B132148C2275" box="[398,413,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2 sides) or 6 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FDDBB132177D2275" box="[605,620,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 sides) maxillary teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3636571AA497742FF40B168117B22EE" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA497742FF40B168117B22EE" blockId="23.[151,1437,152,1531]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FF40B1681478221C" bold="true" box="[198,361,576,602]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Pacific coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA497742FDB9B16917A2221D" box="[575,691,577,603]" name="Colombia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA497742FD73B1691646221D" box="[757,855,577,603]" name="Ecuador" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
from Buenaventura (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D503DAA497742FBE6B16911D7221D" box="[1120,1222,577,603]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="3.9">03º54’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D503DAA497742FB51B1691050221D" box="[1239,1345,577,603]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-77.066666">77º04’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) in the department of Valle del Cauca of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA497742FDB4B14017B922C4" box="[562,680,616,642]" name="Colombia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Paramba (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D503DAA497742FCCAB14016B022C4" box="[844,929,616,642]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-0.81666666">0º49’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D503DAA497742FC29B140110A22C4" box="[943,1051,616,642]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-78.35">78º21’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) in the province of Los Rios of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA497742FF11B1A615EA22EE" box="[151,251,654,680]" name="Ecuador" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA497742FE83B1A714EE22EE" box="[261,511,655,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FE83B1A714EE22EE" box="[261,511,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Atractus multicinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits rainforest at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA497742FC1AB1A6111522EE" box="[924,1028,654,680]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="7.7" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="385.0" valueMax="770.0" valueMin="0.0">0–770 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A7FAA497742FB92B1A6114D22EE" box="[1044,1116,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,254,1062,1086]" captionTargetBox="[200,1389,156,1061]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[198,1404,145,1061]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Geographic distribution of the Atractus multicinctus species group." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191478/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3636571AA497742FF40B19D171525BD" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA497742FF40B19D1459246D" blockId="23.[151,1437,152,1531]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FF40B19D14532289" bold="true" box="[198,322,693,719]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Jan in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA497742FE13B19D17B62289" author="Jan" box="[405,679,693,719]" pageId="23" pageNumber="32" refString="Jan, G. & Sordelli, F. (1865) Iconographie generale des ophidians. Tome premier, livr. 15 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1865">Jan and Sordelli (1865)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA497742FCA3B19D111E2288" box="[805,1039,693,718]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Rabdosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FCA3B19D111E2288" box="[805,1039,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Rabdosoma badium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA497742FB90B19D11C62288" box="[1046,1239,693,719]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="badium" variety="multicinctus">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FBCEB19D11C62288" box="[1096,1239,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">multicinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of a specimen from Lima without specify country provenance.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA497742FCD2B1F4113922B0" author="Boulenger" box="[852,1064,732,758]" pageId="23" pageNumber="31" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). vol. 3 Trustees of the British Museum, London, U. K., 364 pp." type="book" year="1896">Boulenger (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA497742FB50B1F41437235D" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="badium" subSpecies="multicinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FB50B1F41437235D" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Atractus badium multicinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the nominal species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA497742FDD8B02A17DD235D" box="[606,716,770,795]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FDD8B02A17DD235D" box="[606,716,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. badius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Subsequently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA497742FC08B02A114C235A" author="Boulenger" box="[910,1117,770,796]" pageId="23" pageNumber="31" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1898) A list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by the late Prof. L. Balzan in Bolivia. Annali del Museo di Storia Naturale de Genova, 2, 128 - 133." type="journal article" year="1898">Boulenger (1898)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
resurrected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA497742FB6AB02A108D235D" box="[1260,1436,770,795]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FB6AB02A108D235D" box="[1260,1436,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. multicinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on a specimen from Paramba, province of Imbabura,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA497742FC1DB00111192305" box="[923,1032,809,835]" name="Ecuador" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, establishing that ventral count differences guarantee both species’ distinction.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA497742FD50B07816BA232C" author="Boulenger" box="[726,939,848,874]" pageId="23" pageNumber="31" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1913) A collection of batrachians and reptiles made by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell, F. Z. S., in the Choco. Colombia. Proceedings Zollogical Society, London, 1913, 1019 - 1038." type="proceedings paper" year="1913">Boulenger (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported an individual of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA497742FB61B078108C232F" box="[1255,1437,848,873]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FB61B078108C232F" box="[1255,1437,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. multicinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Peña Lisa, Condoto in the department of Chocó,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA497742FCB7B05E16BD23D6" box="[817,940,886,912]" name="Colombia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Savage (1960) agreed with Boulenger’s associations and reported five additional specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA497742FCAAB0B516F123F0" box="[812,992,925,950]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FCAAB0B516F123F0" box="[812,992,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. multicinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Pacific versant of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA497742FAB5B0B5108823F1" box="[1331,1433,925,951]" name="Ecuador" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Our study of the original plate from
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FDC3B0EC1635239B" box="[581,804,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">R. b. multicinctum,</emphasis>
|
||
the examination of Boulenger’s sample, and analysis of additional specimens from Buenaventura corroborates identifications by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA497742FBC6B0C210022442" author="Boulenger" box="[1088,1299,1002,1028]" pageId="23" pageNumber="31" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1898) A list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by the late Prof. L. Balzan in Bolivia. Annali del Museo di Storia Naturale de Genova, 2, 128 - 133." type="journal article" year="1898">Boulenger (1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA497742FAA6B0C2104E2442" author="Boulenger" box="[1312,1375,1002,1028]" pageId="23" pageNumber="31" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1913) A collection of batrachians and reptiles made by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell, F. Z. S., in the Choco. Colombia. Proceedings Zollogical Society, London, 1913, 1019 - 1038." type="proceedings paper" year="1913">1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Savage (1960).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA497742FF40B710171525BD" blockId="23.[151,1437,152,1531]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Savage (1960) interpreted the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C28858AA497742FDB3B71017792414" box="[565,616,1080,1106]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA497742FD70B71016B82417" box="[758,937,1080,1105]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FD70B71016B82417" box="[758,937,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. multicinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the capital of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA497742FBF9B71011A42414" box="[1151,1205,1080,1106]" name="Peru" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
and suggested this provenance was in error because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA497742FD99B7771792243E" box="[543,643,1119,1144]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FD99B7771792243E" box="[543,643,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Atractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
records are lacking for the Pacific coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA497742FB02B77611AF243E" box="[1156,1214,1118,1144]" name="Peru" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA497742FAC5B776145124D9" author="Jan" pageId="23" pageNumber="32" refString="Jan, G. & Sordelli, F. (1865) Iconographie generale des ophidians. Tome premier, livr. 15 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1865">Jan and Sodelli (1865)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not provide any information about the country origin of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C28858AA497742FBB0B7AD118C24D9" box="[1078,1181,1157,1183]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA497742FB42B7AD106524D8" box="[1220,1396,1157,1182]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FB42B7AD106524D8" box="[1220,1396,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. multicinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In our view, there is no compelling evidence in the original publication to recognize the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C28858AA497742FB3BB78411E32480" box="[1213,1266,1196,1222]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA497742FA04B784143724AA" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FA04B784143724AA" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. multicinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as Lima capital of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA497742FD8EB7FA175324AA" box="[520,578,1234,1260]" name="Peru" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In the course of this study we found a locality called Lima in the Pacific lowlands of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA497742FEACB7D1149D2555" box="[298,396,1273,1299]" name="Ecuador" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the province of Los Rios,
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA497742FD6DB7D116572555" box="[747,838,1273,1299]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="200.0">200 km</quantity>
|
||
south of Paramba (the southernmost record of the species, see Savage 1960), which could be considered as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C28858AA497742FCF4B60816B4257C" box="[882,933,1312,1338]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. However, the locality of Lima in Los Rios (also called Playa Lima) is a small hamlet that has its origins in the old Playa Lima farm, and was formed about 50 to 80 years ago. Even the Playa Lima farm is not as old as the specimen described by Jan (D. Cisneros-Heredia, pers. comm.). Therefore, although we agree with Savage (1960) that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C28858AA497742FB69B6BC104925E8" box="[1263,1368,1428,1454]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA497742FA04B6BC143F2592" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FA04B6BC143F2592" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. multicinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA497742FE4EB69217152592" box="[456,516,1466,1492]" name="Peru" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the available evidence precludes a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C28858AA497742FC45B69216E92592" box="[963,1016,1466,1492]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality restriction to Lima in the province of Los Rios,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA497742FE1AB6C9171125BD" box="[412,512,1505,1531]" name="Ecuador" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |