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<document id="2A671C3674BF3A88FAB78EDE470B6CEC" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.191476" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8603d4d1-efc8-44bb-84ae-76d3d8dd8161" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="191476" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461128727612" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Passos, Paulo, Mueses-Cisneros, Jonh Jairo, Lynch, John D. &amp; Fernandes, Ronaldo" docDate="2009" docId="03D087ECAA49774CFF11B57D14C226F9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02293p034.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2293" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Atractus paucidens Despax 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FFE9FF94AA5E7755FF86B32815112046" masterDocTitle="Pacific lowland snakes of the genus Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae), with description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698597252759" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="C1F6DE9F73F2B12E63AC9BBDF404D0E7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="223994555AE60A2E48DDE7AFE6AE1611">
<mods:title id="530BCAEFA2226A360B910D9C9011DE31">Pacific lowland snakes of the genus Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae), with description of three new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="55AE609EC1A9A8D3CCF146EF5794F6A4" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DC1499C88F5BEA28E4C75393BBF06A9C">Passos, Paulo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="271EEC8425D40A7CA7F68A0A873A4AD1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D1BDEE433116CC8001333E356D889667">Mueses-Cisneros, Jonh Jairo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1B706676280F4D711DE565111DB8A3BA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4D5E8D4B9FB95A0833386C51AF5E5633">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="38FC5E05F5FB07BC4232294578000D7D">Lynch, John D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="890A7D55F00B744C29CBBEA33D1D8513" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6957D4E77F25152DAD5F8876D35F7BA1">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="077D1237AAABAD55420FE713539AF2D5">Fernandes, Ronaldo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4BAEBBB553161D8DABF1BEA0C0294446">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="690D91A4163825B6460ECAB6C7D8A985">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8D1EB43EC5D88BC4D31D1EAC4DA521CB">
<mods:date id="37CFFEF503A5314BE63E1D56A34065E7">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="830185EDC0DA8515995C9C86C3FDEB17" type="volume">
<mods:number id="020443DF5BA04D2BFD73FB57AA8E8ED6">2293</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="AEAD2D64A048F1D28D90906834002554">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="387EC026B73AADED46F5006006585FCE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.191476</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2DA8112946432592F83A5A413E5F0FE7" type="GBIF-Dataset">8603d4d1-efc8-44bb-84ae-76d3d8dd8161</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="812749E3522183E9F74AE551331A2174" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3FB564B97773328E6ACCF6F067FC30E0" type="Zenodo-Dep">191476</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D087ECAA49774CFF11B57D14C226F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6214671" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119626681" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6214671" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087ECAA49774CFF11B57D14C226F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087ECAA49774CFF11B57D14C226F9" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<subSubSection id="C3636571AA497742FF11B57D15F826D4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA497742FF11B57D173B2629" blockId="23.[151,554,1621,1682]" box="[151,554,1621,1647]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<heading id="D08E8196AA497742FF11B57D173B2629" bold="true" box="[151,554,1621,1647]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA497742FF11B57D173B2629" authority="Despax, 1910" authorityName="Despax" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,554,1621,1647]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucidens">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FF11B57D173B2629" bold="true" box="[151,554,1621,1647]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FF11B57D146E2629" bold="true" box="[151,383,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Atractus paucidens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA497742FE00B57D173B2629" author="Despax" box="[390,554,1621,1647]" pageId="23" pageNumber="32" refString="Despax, R. (1910) Mission geodesique de l'Equateur. Collections recueillies par M. le Dr. Rivet. Liste des ophidians et description des especes nouvelles. (Note preliminaire). Bulletin Musee Histoire Naturale Paris, 16, 368 - 376." type="journal article" year="1910">Despax, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA497742FF11B55015F826D4" blockId="23.[151,554,1621,1682]" box="[151,233,1656,1682]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<figureCitation id="13422A7FAA497742FF11B55015F826D4" box="[151,233,1656,1682]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[151,254,811,835]" captionTargetBox="[214,1369,156,784]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[191,1395,143,800]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of Atractus paucidens (MZUSP 7703). SVL 263 mm, CL 49 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191492/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3636571AA497742FF11B5ED16FC26BA" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA497742FF11B5ED16FC26BA" blockId="23.[151,1039,1733,1788]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA497742FF11B5ED1780269A" authority="Despax, 1910" authorityName="Despax" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,657,1733,1756]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucidens" subGenus="Atractopsis">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FF11B5ED15E0269A" box="[151,241,1733,1756]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Atractus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FE87B5ED146B269A" box="[257,378,1733,1756]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Atractopsis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FE0CB5ED14E7269A" box="[394,502,1733,1756]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">paucidens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA497742FE7AB5ED1780269A" author="Despax" box="[508,657,1733,1756]" pageId="23" pageNumber="32" refString="Despax, R. (1910) Mission geodesique de l'Equateur. Collections recueillies par M. le Dr. Rivet. Liste des ophidians et description des especes nouvelles. (Note preliminaire). Bulletin Musee Histoire Naturale Paris, 16, 368 - 376." type="journal article" year="1910">Despax, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 16:372.
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FF11B5CD146D26BA" box="[151,380,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA497742FF11B5CD15E026BA" box="[151,241,1765,1788]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atractus</taxonomicName>
paucidens—
</emphasis>
Savage, 1960; Misc. Pub. Mus. Zool. U. Michigan 112:62.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3636571AA497742FF11B403140B27D5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA497742FF11B403140B27D5" blockId="23.[151,1436,1835,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA497742FF11B40314062703" bold="true" box="[151,279,1835,1861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<typeStatus id="54C28858AA497742FF11B40314032703" box="[151,274,1835,1861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Adult female, housed at Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle (
<collectionCode id="ED68AE3FAA497742FBA6B404116F2700" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1056,1150,1836,1862]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MNHN</collectionCode>
1906.245), from Santo
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA497742FF11B47A1418272A" box="[151,265,1874,1900]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Domingo</collectingCountry>
de Los Colorados (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D503DAA497742FE7FB47A174C272A" box="[505,605,1874,1900]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-0.25">00º15’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D503DAA497742FDECB47A17C7272A" box="[618,726,1874,1900]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-79.15">79º09’W</geoCoordinate>
, ca.
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA497742FC88B47A164E272A" box="[782,863,1874,1900]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
), province of Pichincha,
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA497742FB16B47A11E5272A" box="[1168,1268,1874,1900]" name="Ecuador" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
(photographs examined).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF066672AA46774DFF11B00310402304" box="[151,1361,811,835]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191492/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[214,1369,156,784]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA46774DFF11B00310402304" blockId="24.[151,1361,811,835]" box="[151,1361,811,835]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA46774DFF11B00314372305" bold="true" box="[151,294,811,835]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA46774DFD36B003166C2304" box="[688,893,811,834]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucidens">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA46774DFD36B003166C2304" box="[688,893,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Atractus paucidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MZUSP 7703). SVL 263 mm, CL 49 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3636571AA46774DFF40B05C15F025EA" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA46774DFF40B05C15E62482" blockId="24.[151,1437,884,2032]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA46774DFF40B05C145923C8" bold="true" box="[198,328,884,910]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA46774DFED0B05D172C23C8" box="[342,573,885,910]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucidens">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA46774DFED0B05D172C23C8" box="[342,573,885,910]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Atractus paucidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) 17/17/17 smooth dorsals; (2) two postoculars; (3) loreal long; (4) temporals generally 1+2; (5) generally seven supralabials, third and fourth contacting orbit; (6) seven infralabials, first four contacting chinshields; (7) five or six maxillary teeth; (8) generally four gular scale rows; (9) four preventrals; (10) 169– 190 ventrals in females,
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA46774DFE47B727175B246F" box="[449,586,1039,1065]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3688" metricValueMax="4.445" metricValueMin="4.2926" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="172.0" valueMax="175.0" valueMin="169.0">169–175 in</quantity>
males; (11) 31–38 subcaudals in females,
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA46774DFBC9B72711A8246F" box="[1103,1209,1039,1065]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1176" metricValueMax="1.143" metricValueMin="1.0922" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="44.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="43.0">43–45 in</quantity>
males; (12) dorsal ground colour black with narrow cream bands on the flanks; (13) venter beige, heavily scattered with black dots to uniformly black; (14) moderate body size in females
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA46774DFCE2B77416D72430" box="[868,966,1116,1142]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1899999999999995" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="419.0">419 mm</quantity>
SVL and small in males
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA46774DFB74B77410452430" box="[1266,1364,1116,1142]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.63" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="263.0">263 mm</quantity>
SVL; (15) tail long in females (15.1–16.0% SVL) and males (18.6–21.3% SVL); (16) hemipenis moderately bilobed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA46774DFF40B7F815F025EA" blockId="24.[151,1437,884,2032]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA46774DFF40B7F8146724AC" bold="true" box="[198,374,1232,1258]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Comparisons:</emphasis>
Among all congeners,
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA46774DFD0DB7F9167C24AC" box="[651,877,1233,1258]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucidens">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA46774DFD0DB7F9167C24AC" box="[651,877,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Atractus paucidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares the occasional occurrence of preoculars and long tail length in both sexes only with
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA46774DFD25B7DF16E82556" box="[675,1017,1271,1296]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA46774DFD25B7DF16182556" box="[675,777,1271,1296]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="favae">A. favae</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA46774DFC92B7DF16E82556" box="[788,1017,1271,1296]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucidens">Atractus paucidens</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA46774DFB10B7DF11E92556" box="[1174,1272,1271,1296]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="favae">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA46774DFB10B7DF11E92556" box="[1174,1272,1271,1296]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. favae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the first pair of infralabials preventing symphisial/chinshields contact, loreal long, 31–38 subcaudals in females and
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA46774DFF4DB66C14242518" box="[203,309,1348,1374]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1176" metricValueMax="1.143" metricValueMin="1.0922" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="44.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="43.0">43–45 in</quantity>
males, tail 15.1–16.0% SVL in females and 18.6–21.3% in males (vs. symphisial/chinshield contact, short loreal, 66 subcaudals in female and
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA46774DFD69B643164825C3" box="[751,857,1387,1413]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5748" metricValueMax="1.7018" metricValueMin="1.4478" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="62.0" valueMax="67.0" valueMin="57.0">57–67 in</quantity>
males, tail 33.5% SVL in females and 40.2% in male).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3636571AA46774CFF40B69014FB2468" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA46774CFF40B690100E20F4" blockId="24.[151,1437,884,2032]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1441,152,1727]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA46774DFF40B69014702594" bold="true" box="[198,353,1464,1490]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Description:</emphasis>
Head twice as long as wide, arched in lateral view, rounded in dorsal view; snout truncate in lateral view, rounded in dorsal view; cervical constriction indistinct; rostral subtriangular in frontal view, broader than high, little visible in dorsal view; internasal as long as wide; internasal suture sinistral with respect to prefrontal suture; prefrontal as long as wide; supraocular sub-trapezoidal, slightly longer than wide; frontal sub-triangular, as long as wide; parietal twice as long as wide; nasal divided; nostril located between prenasal and postnasal; prenasal about three times as high as long; postnasal smaller than prenasal, about twice as high as long; loreal long, contacting second and third supralabials; small preocular (as long as high) ocasionally present, preventing orbit/loreal contact; pupil subelliptical; two postoculars; upper postocular slightly longer than lower and lower slightly higher than upper postocular; temporals 1+2; first temporal twice as long as high; upper posterior temporal elongate, four times as long as wide; generally seven supralabials, third and forth contacting orbit; second and third supralabials of similar size and slightly higher than first; sixth higher and seventh longer than remaining supralabials; symphisial semicircular, twice as broad as long; generally seven infralabials, first four contacting chinshields; first pair of infralabials in contact behind symphisial, preventing symphisial/chinshields contact; chinshields three or four times as long as wide; generally four gular scale rows; generally four preventrals; 17/17/17 smooth dorsal scale rows; dorsals lacking apical pits, supra-anal tubercles, and kells; caudal spine moderated, conical, and rhomboid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA47774CFF40B3961139210A" blockId="25.[151,1441,152,1727]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFF40B396149E209E" bold="true" box="[198,399,190,216]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Maxillary arch:</emphasis>
Arched in dorsal view with three or four prediastemal and two postdiastemal teeth; prediastemal teeth large, of similar size, curved posteriorly, well spaced, angular in cross section, robust at base, and narrower at apices; long maxillary diastema; postdiastemal teeth half size of the last prediastemal tooth; lateral process of maxillar well developed, lacking posterior projection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA47774CFF40B27017162289" blockId="25.[151,1441,152,1727]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFF40B27014F92134" bold="true" box="[198,488,344,370]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Colour in preservative:</emphasis>
Dorsum of head uniformly dark brown; temporal region slightly lighter (brown); background of head dark brown to middle of supralabials; temporal region and posterior portion of seventh supralabial creamish yellow; ventral edge of supralabials and proximal margin of infralabials cream; proximal region of infralabials and anterior portion of chinshields dark brown; gular region and preventrals predominantly beige, occasionally with disperse dark brown spots; anterior region of belly with diffuse dark brown spots; mid region to posterior third of venter uniformly black; tail uniformly black; dorsal ground colour of body black, with five to seven rounded lateral beige blotches restricted to anterior region of body; blotches (two or three scales long and five or six scales wide) reaching paraventral region not in contact with opposite blotches on vertebral line; blotches gradually darker posteriorly; black interspaces between light blotches five or six scales long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA47774CFF40B1F314FB2468" blockId="25.[151,1441,152,1727]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFF40B1F3145222B3" bold="true" box="[198,323,731,757]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Variation:</emphasis>
Largest male
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA47774CFE6CB1F4175B22B0" box="[490,586,732,758]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.63" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="263.0">263 mm</quantity>
SVL,
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA47774CFD10B1F417F922B0" box="[662,744,732,758]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="49.0">49 mm</quantity>
CL; largest female
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA47774CFC4BB1F4113F22B0" box="[973,1070,732,758]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="412.0">412 mm</quantity>
SVL, tail amputated; tail 18.6– 21.3% (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFF77B02A15EF235D" box="[241,254,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">x¯</emphasis>
= 20.2; SD = 1.4;
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFE5BB02A14FD235D" box="[477,492,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 3) SVL in males and 15.1–16.0% (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFC1BB02A16BB235D" box="[925,938,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">x¯</emphasis>
= 15.5; SD = 0.4;
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFB0FB02A1189235D" box="[1161,1176,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 3) in females; 169– 175 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFF54B00115CF2304" box="[210,222,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">x¯</emphasis>
= 170.7; SD = 3.1;
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFE4AB00114CA2304" box="[460,475,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 3) ventrals in males, 169–190 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFCEDB00116692304" box="[875,888,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">x¯</emphasis>
= 182.7; SD = 9.3;
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFBE0B00111642304" box="[1126,1141,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 4) in females; 43–45 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFA12B00110B02304" box="[1428,1441,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">x¯</emphasis>
= 44.3; SD = 0.7;
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFEEAB078146A232F" box="[364,379,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 4) subcaudals in males, 31–38 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFC89B078160D232F" box="[783,796,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">x¯</emphasis>
= 35.3; SD = 3.8;
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFC7CB0781118232F" box="[1018,1033,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 3) in females; 6 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFB6BB07811EA232F" box="[1261,1275,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 3 sides) or 7 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFF19B05F15BD23D6" box="[159,172,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 11 sides) infralabials; 1+1 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFE68B05F14ED23D6" box="[494,508,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 2 sides), 0+2 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFD34B05F17D123D6" box="[690,704,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 1 side) or 1+2 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFC07B05F169F23D6" box="[897,910,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 11 sides); 6 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFBB0B05F115423D6" box="[1078,1093,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 2 sides) or 7 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFA83B05F100523D6" box="[1285,1300,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 10 sides) infralabials; 2 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFEBCB0B5145923F0" box="[314,328,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 1 side), 3 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFE5EB0B5171123F0" box="[472,512,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n =</emphasis>
3 sides) or 4 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFD1DB0B517B923F0" box="[667,680,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 6 sides); 3 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFCC1B0B5164723F0" box="[839,854,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 1) or 4 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFC51B0B516F723F0" box="[983,998,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 4) preventrals; preoculars absent (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFAFEB0B5109723F0" box="[1400,1414,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 11) or present (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFEBFB0EC1456239B" box="[313,327,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 5); 8 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFE20B0EC14A4239B" box="[422,437,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 7 sides) or 9 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFDF2B0EC1792239B" box="[628,643,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 3 sides) dorsal scale rows at the level of second subcaudal; 5 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFAF3B0EC1092239B" box="[1397,1411,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 4 side) or 6 (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFEB7B0C214512445" box="[305,320,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 5 side) maxillary teeth; retracted hemipenis bifurcates from fifth to tenth and extends from 10th to 11th subcaudal (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFE1AB73C14BA246B" box="[412,427,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3636571AA47774CFF40B71217A224E4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA47774CFF40B71217A224E4" blockId="25.[151,1441,152,1727]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFF40B71214782412" bold="true" box="[198,361,1082,1108]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution:</emphasis>
Pacific coast of
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA47774CFDA8B71217812412" box="[558,656,1082,1108]" name="Ecuador" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
from the mouth of the Pitzara River (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D503DAA47774CFBCBB71211A22412" box="[1101,1203,1082,1108]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="925" value="2.0">02º00’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D503DAA47774CFB46B712103A2412" box="[1216,1323,1082,1108]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="925" value="-79.15">79º09’W</geoCoordinate>
) to Santo
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA47774CFF11B7491419243D" box="[151,264,1121,1147]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Domingo</collectingCountry>
de Los Colorados (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D503DAA47774CFE7EB749174A243D" box="[504,603,1121,1147]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="925" value="-0.25">00º15’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D503DAA47774CFDEEB74917C4243D" box="[616,725,1121,1147]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="925" value="-79.15">79º09’W</geoCoordinate>
) in the province of Pichincha.
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA47774CFBCAB7491024243C" box="[1100,1333,1121,1146]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucidens">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFBCAB7491024243C" box="[1100,1333,1121,1146]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Atractus paucidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits rainforest at elevations of
<quantity id="4C819B1FAA47774CFE4EB7A0175C24E4" box="[456,589,1160,1186]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="400.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="200.0">200–600 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13422A7FAA47774CFDDBB7A017B424E4" box="[605,677,1160,1186]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,254,1797,1821]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,904,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,890,1812]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Geographical distribution of the Atractus paucidens species group." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191482/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3636571AA47774CFF40B78614C226F9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC636FAAA47774CFF40B78614C226F9" blockId="25.[151,1441,152,1727]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFF40B7861453248E" bold="true" box="[198,322,1198,1224]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA47774CFED5B787171B248F" author="Despax" box="[339,522,1199,1225]" pageId="25" pageNumber="32" refString="Despax, R. (1910) Mission geodesique de l'Equateur. Collections recueillies par M. le Dr. Rivet. Liste des ophidians et description des especes nouvelles. (Note preliminaire). Bulletin Musee Histoire Naturale Paris, 16, 368 - 376." type="journal article" year="1910">Despax (1910)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA47774CFD1BB7871122248E" box="[669,1075,1199,1225]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucidens" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Atractopsis">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFD1BB7871611248E" box="[669,768,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Atractus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFC9AB78716B0248E" box="[796,929,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Atractopsis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFC3AB7871122248E" box="[956,1075,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">paucidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E5793AA47774CFBCDB78711EB248F" box="[1099,1274,1199,1225]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="subGenus">new subgenus</taxonomicNameLabel>
and species distinguishing it from remaining
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA47774CFDA9B7FE178624A9" box="[559,663,1238,1263]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFDA9B7FE178624A9" box="[559,663,1238,1263]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Atractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a reduced maxillary bone with only four large teeth decreasing in size posteriorly. In a subsequent paper, Despaux (1911) figured the maxilla of
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFA96B7D41406257A" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA47774CFA96B7D41402257A" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucidens">Atractopsis paucidens</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Savage (1960) did not recognize
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFD2AB60B1622257A" box="[684,819,1315,1340]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Atractopsis</emphasis>
, pointing out that the maxilla illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B0BAA47774CFAC5B60A15F72525" author="Despax" pageId="25" pageNumber="32" refString="Despax, R. (1911) Note preliminaire relative aux lezards rapportes de l'Equateur par le Dr. Rivet. Bulletin Musee Histoire Naturale Paris, 17, 9 - 12." type="journal article" year="1911">Despax (1911)</bibRefCitation>
was apparently broken and for that reason lacked posterior teeth. Savage (1960) advocated that this taxon was concordant with other
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA47774CFDA7B658179425CF" box="[545,645,1392,1417]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFDA7B658179425CF" box="[545,645,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Atractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with regard to maxillary dentition and also agreed in other morphological features, and therefore allocated it tentatively to the
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA47774CFC20B6BF112F25F6" box="[934,1086,1431,1456]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trilineatus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFC20B6BF112F25F6" box="[934,1086,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. trilineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. Savage (1960) reported the second individual of
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA47774CFDA2B69617AC2591" box="[548,701,1470,1495]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucidens">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFDA2B69617AC2591" box="[548,701,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. paucidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Pitzara River at province of Pichincha. We report herein seven (four males and three females) additional
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA47774CFD57B6CC167825BB" box="[721,873,1508,1534]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucidens">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFD57B6CC17F225BB" box="[721,739,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFD74B6CC167825BB" box="[754,873,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">paucidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, all topotypes. Although the study of maxillary bones of these specimens does not corroborate Savage’s suspicion of a broken element (the species displays low number of maxillary teeth, see above), there is no reason to recognize the subgenus
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFB1AB5191033260C" box="[1180,1314,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Atractopsis</emphasis>
according to the actual
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA47774CFEB8B57014B82637" box="[318,425,1624,1649]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFEB8B57014B82637" box="[318,425,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Atractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
concept (
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFDAFB570177E2637" box="[553,623,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">sensu</emphasis>
Savage 1960). Furthermore, as suggested by Savage (1960),
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA47774CFA04B570140626DE" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucidens">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFA04B570140626DE" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. paucidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows great morphological similarity to other
<taxonomicName id="4C794D79AA47774CFCF5B55716CE26DE" box="[883,991,1663,1688]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE8AA47774CFCF5B55716CE26DE" box="[883,991,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Atractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Pacific coast of
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA47774CFB7BB557107726DF" box="[1277,1382,1663,1689]" name="Ecuador" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F36E766AAA47774CFF11B58D141A26F9" box="[151,267,1701,1727]" name="Colombia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(see discussion).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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