188 lines
19 KiB
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188 lines
19 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098" ID-ISBN="1-56098-217-9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7353098" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_document="2" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" checkinTime="1667534070963" checkinUser="GgServerImporter" docAuthor="Guy G. Musser & Michael D. Carleton" docDate="1993" docId="03D087AEFFFEFFB2FF420118FCDCF9F9" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.1993.Muridae.501-755.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press" docTitle="Dicrostonyx Gloger 1841" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="510" masterDocId="FFE9FFD6FFF6FFBBFFF30B06FF93FFF3" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="755" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="509" updateTime="1669256938330" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Order Rodentia - Family Muridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guy G. Musser</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Michael D. Carleton</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>1993</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher>Smithsonian Institution Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Washington and London</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeeAnn M. Reeder</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>501</mods:start>
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<mods:end>755</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">1-56098-217-9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7353098</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7282759" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7282759" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087AEFFFEFFB2FF420118FCDCF9F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087AEFFFEFFB2FF420118FCDCF9F9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="510" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
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<subSubSection box="[177,1271,2590,2629]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[177,1834,2590,2797]" box="[177,1271,2590,2629]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
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<treatmentCitation author="Gloger" authority="Gloger, 1841" authorityName="Gloger" authorityYear="1841" box="[177,1262,2590,2629]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Dicrostonyx" journal="Gemein Hand.- Hilfsbuch. Nat." kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="97" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" title="Dicrostonyx" volume="1" year="1841">
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<taxonomicName authority="Gloger, 1841" authorityName="Gloger" authorityYear="1841" box="[177,599,2590,2629]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[177,374,2590,2629]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Dicrostonyx</emphasis>
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Gloger, 1841
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibCitation author="Gloger" box="[626,1262,2590,2629]" journal="Gemein Hand.- Hilfsbuch. Nat." pageId="8" pageNumber="509" pagination="97" title="Dicrostonyx" volume="1" year="1841">Gemein Hand.- Hilfsbuch. Nat., 1:97</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[261,947,2633,2671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[177,1834,2590,2797]" box="[261,947,2633,2671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
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TYPE SPECIES:
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<taxonomicName authority="Pallas, 1778" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" box="[474,937,2633,2671]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsonius">
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<emphasis box="[474,721,2633,2671]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Mus hudsonius</emphasis>
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Pallas, 1778
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[260,1184,2674,2712]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" type="synonym_list">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[177,1834,2590,2797]" box="[260,1184,2674,2712]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
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SYNONYMS:
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<emphasis box="[446,1184,2674,2712]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
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<taxonomicName box="[446,603,2674,2712]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Borioikon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Borioikon</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[624,787,2674,2712]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Cuniculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cuniculus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[810,1025,2674,2712]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Misothermus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Misothermus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1047,1184,2674,2712]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata">Tylonyx.</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="510" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[177,1834,2590,2797]" lastBlockId="9.[374,1869,296,1546]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="510" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
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COMMENTS: At first
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gloger" authorityYear="1841" box="[586,782,2714,2755]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[586,782,2714,2755]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Dicrostonyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was grouped with other lemmings following
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<bibRefCitation author="Miller, G. S., Jr." box="[1578,1834,2714,2755]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" refId="ref241718" refString="Miller, G. S., Jr. 1896. The genera and subgenera of voles and lemmings. North American Fauna, 12: 1 - 84." year="1896">Miller's (1896)</bibRefCitation>
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classic Lemmi-Microti division (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation author="Ellerman, J. R." box="[992,1252,2758,2797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" refId="ref92857" refString="Ellerman, J. R. 1941. The families and genera of living rodents. Vol. II. Family Muridae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 690 pp." year="1941">Ellerman, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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; Hinton, 1926; Ognev, 19636;
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<bibRefCitation author="Simpson, G. G." box="[379,634,296,337]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref328876" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 85: 1 - 350." year="1945">Simpson, 1945</bibRefCitation>
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). An impressive variety of data, however, requires its tribal separation (Dicrostonychini) from the true lemmings (
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<taxonomicName box="[1127,1278,338,379]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lemmini">Lemmini</taxonomicName>
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) and suggests that the origin of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gloger" authorityYear="1841" box="[380,576,380,419]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[380,576,380,419]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Dicrostonyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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dates to the earliest radiation of arvicolines (
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<bibRefCitation author="Carleton, M. D." box="[1368,1619,380,419]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref51433" refString="Carleton, M. D. 1981. A survey of gross stomach morphology in Microtinae (Rodentia, Muroidea). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 46: 93 - 108." year="1981">Carleton, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Chaline, J. & J. - D. Graf" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref56950" refString="Chaline, J., and J. - D. Graf. 1988. Phylogeny of the Arvicolidae (Rodentia): Biochemical and paleontological evidence. Journal of Mammalogy, 69: 22 - 33." year="1988">Chaline and Graf, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Gromov, I. M. & I. Ya. Polyakov" box="[581,1068,421,462]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref130339" refString="Gromov, I. M., and I. Ya. Polyakov. 1977. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom 3, vyp. 8 [Fauna of the USSR, vol. 3, pt. 8, Mammals]. Polevki [Voles (Microtinae)]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 504 pp. (in Russian)." year="1977">Gromov and Polyakov, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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; Hinton, 1926;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hooper, E. T. & B. S. Hart" box="[1334,1733,421,462]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref158686" refString="Hooper, E. T., and B. S. Hart. 1962. A synopsis of Recent North American microtine rodents. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 120: 1 - 68." year="1962">Hooper and Hart, 1962</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kretzoi, M." box="[379,611,464,500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref198259" refString="Kretzoi, M. 1969. Skizze einer Arvicoliden-Phylogenie. Vertebrata Hungarica (Budapest), 11: 155 - 193." year="1969">Kretzoi, 1969</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Modi, W. S." box="[631,826,464,500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref244549" refString="Modi, W. S. 1987. Phylogenetic analyses of chromosomal banding patterns among the Nearctic Arvicolidae (Mammalia: Rodentia). Systematic Zoology, 36: 109 - 136." year="1987">Modi, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[374,1869,296,1546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
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The simple viewpoint of a single circumpolar species,
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<emphasis box="[1365,1580,505,546]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">D. torquatus,</emphasis>
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as advanced by
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<bibRefCitation author="Ognev, S. I." box="[378,626,547,588]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref264928" refString="Ognev, S. I. 1963 b. Mammals of the USSR and adjacent countries: Rodents (continued). (Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia) [A translation of S. I. Ognev, 1948, Zveri SSSR i prilezhashchikh stran: Gryzuny (prodolzhenie). (Zveri vostochnoi Evropy i severnoi Azii)]. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 6: 1 - 508." year="1963">Ognev (1963b)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Rausch, R. L." box="[717,942,547,588]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref297922" refString="Rausch, R. L. 1953. On the status of some Arctic mammals. Arctic (Journal of the Arctic Institute of North America), 6: 91 - 148." year="1953">Rausch (1953</bibRefCitation>
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, 19636), has been unsettled by karyotypic reports of the past two decades (
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<bibRefCitation author="Chernyavskii, F. B. & A. I. Kozlovskii" box="[766,1369,590,629]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref59793" refString="Chernyavskii, F. B., and A. I. Kozlovskii. 1980. [Species status and history of Arctic lemmings (Dicrostonyx, Rodentia) on Wrangel Island]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 59: 266 - 273 (in Russian)." year="1980">Chernyavskii and Kozlovskii, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Krohne, D. T." box="[1390,1620,590,629]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref198375" refString="Krohne, D. T. 1982. The karyotype of Dicrostonyx hudsonius. Journal of Mammalogy, 63: 174 - 176." year="1982">Kröhne, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Rausch, R. L." pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref298080" refString="Rausch, R. L. 1977. On the zoogeography of some Beringian mammals. Pp. 162 - 177, in Uspekhi sovremennoi teriologii [Advances in modern theriology] (V. E. Sokolov, ed.). Nauka, Moscow, 296 pp. (in Russian)." year="1977">Rausch, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Rausch, R. L. & V. R. Rausch" box="[480,922,631,671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref298267" refString="Rausch, R. L., and V. R. Rausch. 1972. Observations on chromosomes of Dicrostonyx torquatus stevensoni Nelson and chromosomal diversity in varying lemmings. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 37: 372 - 384." year="1972">Rausch and Rausch, 1972</bibRefCitation>
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). The occurrence of varying lemmings in quite different tundra biotopes (e.g., see
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<bibRefCitation author="Youngman, P. M." box="[988,1273,672,713]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref402081" refString="Youngman, P. M. 1975. Mammals of the Yukon Territory. National Museum of Natural Sciences (Ottawa), Publications in Zoology, 10: 1 - 192." year="1975">Youngman, 1975</bibRefCitation>
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) alone might have questioned the existence of only one species, but the karyological and breeding results of
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<bibRefCitation author="Rausch, R. L. & V. R. Rausch" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref298267" refString="Rausch, R. L., and V. R. Rausch. 1972. Observations on chromosomes of Dicrostonyx torquatus stevensoni Nelson and chromosomal diversity in varying lemmings. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 37: 372 - 384." year="1972">Rausch and Rausch (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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first drew attention to the possibility of a superspecies complex among North American
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<emphasis box="[672,878,799,837]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Dicrostonyx,</emphasis>
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an interpretation reiterated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Rausch, R. L." box="[1428,1660,799,837]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref298080" refString="Rausch, R. L. 1977. On the zoogeography of some Beringian mammals. Pp. 162 - 177, in Uspekhi sovremennoi teriologii [Advances in modern theriology] (V. E. Sokolov, ed.). Nauka, Moscow, 296 pp. (in Russian)." year="1977">Rausch (1977</bibRefCitation>
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; see summary of chromosomal variation in
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<bibRefCitation author="Krohne, D. T." box="[1055,1286,840,879]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref198375" refString="Krohne, D. T. 1982. The karyotype of Dicrostonyx hudsonius. Journal of Mammalogy, 63: 174 - 176." year="1982">Kröhne, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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). Later authorities either listed the North American karyotypic morphs as species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Corbet, G. B. & J. E. Hill" box="[1271,1644,882,921]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref67916" refString="Corbet, G. B., and J. E. Hill. 1991. A world list of mammalian species. Third ed. British Museum (Natural History) Publications, London, 243 pp." year="1991">Corbet and Hill, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Honacki, J. H. & K. E. Kinman & J. W. Koeppl" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref157366" refString="Honacki, J. H., K. E. Kinman and J. W. Koeppl (eds.). 1982. Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference. Allen Press, Inc. and The Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas, 694 pp." year="1982">Honacki et al., 1982</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Jones, J. K., Jr. & D. C. Carter & H. H. Genoways & R. S. Hoffman & D. W. Rice & C. Jones" box="[542,832,924,963]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref177074" refString="Jones, J. K., Jr., D. C. Carter, H. H. Genoways, R. S. Hoffman, D. W. Rice, and C. Jones. 1986. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico. Occasional Papers, The Museum, Texas Tech University, 107: 1 - 22." year="1986">Jones et al., 1986</bibRefCitation>
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) or continued to recognize most as subspecies of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">D. groenlandicus,</emphasis>
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together with
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<emphasis box="[870,1002,966,1004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">D. exsul</emphasis>
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on St. Lawrence Island and D.
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<emphasis box="[1546,1709,966,1004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">hudsonius</emphasis>
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on the Ungava Peninsula (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hall, E. R." box="[718,895,1007,1044]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref137310" refString="Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90." year="1981">Hall, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[374,1869,296,1546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
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After examining museum specimens, we readily appreciate the specific distinctiveness of
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<emphasis box="[688,1316,1090,1129]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">groenlandicus, hudsonius, richardsoni,</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis box="[1407,1615,1090,1129]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">unalascensis.</emphasis>
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The morphological discrimination of others
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<emphasis box="[1066,1436,1133,1171]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">(kilangmiutak, nelsoni,</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis box="[1527,1705,1133,1171]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">rubricatus)</emphasis>
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is more subtle but may yield to careful description and analysis; we have not seen examples of
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<emphasis box="[423,642,1216,1255]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">nunatakensis,</emphasis>
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an isolated taxon described as a subspecies of
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<emphasis box="[1461,1613,1216,1255]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">torquatus</emphasis>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Youngman, P. M." pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref402038" refString="Youngman, P. M. 1967. A new subspecies of varying lemmings Dicrostonyx torquatus (Pallas), from Yukon Territory (Mammalia, Rodentia). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 80: 31 - 34." year="1967">Youngman (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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. Unfortunately, the provocative findings of Rausch and others have not been explored and substantiated using other taxonomic information; in this regard,
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<bibRefCitation author="Youngman, P. M." box="[376,708,1342,1380]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref402081" refString="Youngman, P. M. 1975. Mammals of the Yukon Territory. National Museum of Natural Sciences (Ottawa), Publications in Zoology, 10: 1 - 192." year="1975">Youngman's (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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narrative overview of species and racial distributions warrants attention in future efforts. We herein continue to list the species of
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<emphasis box="[1544,1741,1383,1422]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Dicrostonyx</emphasis>
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as provisional and stress that their repetition in checklists like this enhances neither our confidence in the number of biological entities nor our understanding of their biogeographic significance.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |