224 lines
30 KiB
XML
224 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="F2A27E9C73D18697DDEA3D55C36A353F" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2012.69.06" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12212344" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718994420665" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Park, Travis & Fitzgerald, Erich M. G." docDate="2012" docId="03CEBC7DFFBE5A7E8E9BC163FD17F8DD" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.69.309-325.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 69" docSource="https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-69-2012/pages-309-325/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Pachydyptes simpsoni Jenkins 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="318" masterDocId="FFF7C405FFB65A778E17C723FFC7FFB2" masterDocTitle="A review of Australian fossil penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes)" masterLastPageNumber="325" masterPageNumber="309" pageNumber="317" updateTime="1719008669388" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="0A8807686597CB1E8BE18D817BDB5570">A review of Australian fossil penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3CFED0C5FABD42B56FE37D48C5827174">Park, Travis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8CDFB85FB5FB6A6507EE22DA38D4A8FF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F90E01AEF79E67A71F502B7364E5C68D">Fitzgerald, Erich M. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1407B7C98786BFE244A32867F0E1303E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A47C41160D9EE308A79FFFDB9341219D">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8C6E354A0AF00E5FF7A70225B722A675">
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<mods:date id="1CB13E2BD011087EABEFA32CBF3FAB3C">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2F2C992F6271277E4AB86349FB8B74DA">2012-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3A0A3F4427232F09C959734047A4ABBF">69</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B1152379CC576561CA08E21938D0B384">309</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="642B2FB0FCFA8C9DB5E3E0D4BB24013F">https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-69-2012/pages-309-325/</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="E93381CB576393D0A291EBED2D9812A3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="701872131C56AD0075BF2A034827529F" type="DOI">10.24199/j.mmv.2012.69.06</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7AFF9EE8AB27235B1F9DC62429E99E34" type="ISSN">1447-2554</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CEBC7DFFBE5A7E8E9BC163FD17F8DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEBC7DFFBE5A7E8E9BC163FD17F8DD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEBC7DFFBE5A7E8E9BC163FD17F8DD" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="318" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">
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<subSubSection id="C37D5EE0FFBE5A7F8E9BC163FDC6F9E7" box="[140,513,1600,1622]" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBE5A7F8E9BC163FDC6F9E7" blockId="8.[140,513,1600,1622]" box="[140,513,1600,1622]" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">
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<heading id="D090BA07FFBE5A7F8E9BC163FDC6F9E7" box="[140,513,1600,1622]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBE5A7F8E9BC163FDC6F9E7" authority="Jenkins, 1974" authorityName="Jenkins" authorityYear="1974" box="[140,513,1600,1622]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pachydyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simpsoni">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBE5A7F8E9BC163FEB5F9E7" bold="true" box="[140,370,1600,1622]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">Pachydyptes simpsoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBE5A7F8F6FC163FDC6F9E7" author="Jenkins, R. J. F." box="[376,513,1600,1622]" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" pagination="291 - 310" refId="ref10195" refString="Jenkins, R. J. F. 1974. A new giant penguin from the Eocene of Australia. Palaeontology 17: 291 - 310." type="journal article" year="1974">Jenkins, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D5EE0FFBE5A7E8E9BC14EFD17F8DD" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="318" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBE5A7F8E9BC14EFDE9F968" blockId="8.[140,771,1645,1755]" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">
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<materialsCitation id="3B0F0736FFBE5A7F8E9BC14EFDE9F968" collectionCode="SAM" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" specimenCode="P14157" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBE5A7F8E9BC14EFF37F930" box="[140,240,1645,1666]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">
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<typeStatus id="54DCB3C9FFBE5A7F8E9BC14EFF2AF930" box="[140,237,1645,1666]" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Partial skeleton (
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<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBE5A7F8FA0C14EFE29F930" box="[439,494,1645,1666]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">SAM</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="DBC1A510FFBE5A7F8FEBC14EFD82F931" box="[508,581,1645,1667]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">P14157</specimenCode>
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) consisting of: a partial left coracoid; partial right humerus; partial left humerus; a right radius; a partial left carpometacarpus; a left phalanx II- 1; and a partial vertebra. (
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<figureCitation id="135C11EEFFBE5A7F8F87C1E6FE0BF968" box="[400,460,1733,1755]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[147,206,1017,1036]" captionTargetBox="[280,1309,227,995]" captionTargetId="figure-7@7.[277,1317,227,1001]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Pachydyptes simpsoni holotype, SAM P14157: A, right radius in ventral view, left carpometacarpus and left phalanx II-1 in dorsal view; B, head of right humerus in dorsal view; C, left coracoid in dorsal view; D,?twelfth cervical vertebra in ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12212352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12212352/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6E538D0FFBE5A7F8FC0C1E6FDE5F968" box="[471,546,1733,1755]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[147,201,1677,1699]" captionText="Table 2), a partial right radius (SAM P14158b) (Fig. 5; Table 2), and a partial rib (SAM P17913;Table 2).A second form originally thought to be closely related to Palaeeudyptes was described by Finlayson (1938), who reported a left humerus (SAM P7158) (Fig. 6; Table 2) from Witton Bluff, South Australia. A right tibiotarsus (SAM P10862) (Fig. 7; Table 2), also from Witton Bluff was noted by Glaessner (1955), described by Simpson (1957), and also referred to this form. Simpson (1971)" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">Table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBE5A7F8E9BC1D1FE71F896" blockId="8.[140,771,1777,1829]" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBE5A7F8E9BC1D1FED7F8B4" box="[140,272,1777,1799]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">Type locality</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B0F0736FFBE5A7F8F08C1D2FE75F896" latitude="-35.233334" location="Blanche Point" longLatPrecision="1195" longitude="138.45" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Australia">
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<location id="8EB85BB0FFBE5A7F8F08C1D2FE77F8B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEBC7DFFBE5A7E8E9BC163FD17F8DD:8EB85BB0FFBE5A7F8F08C1D2FE77F8B5" box="[287,432,1777,1799]" latitude="-35.233334" longLatPrecision="1195" longitude="138.45" name="Blanche Point" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" stateProvince="South Australia">Blanche Point</location>
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,
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<locationDeviation id="9A6A1449FFBE5A7F8FABC1D1FD7CF8B5" box="[444,699,1777,1799]" location="Adelaide" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">
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<quantity id="4C9FA08EFFBE5A7F8FABC1D1FE39F8B5" box="[444,510,1777,1799]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" unit="km" value="37.0">37 km</quantity>
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SSW of Adelaide
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</locationDeviation>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49A3C389FFBE5A7F8CDFC1D2FF2EF897" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">South Australia</collectingRegion>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE536BACFFBE5A7F8EE0C02CFE85F897" box="[247,322,1807,1829]" degrees="35" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" precision="925" value="-35.233334">35°14'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE536BACFFBE5A7F8F5AC02CFE6CF896" box="[333,427,1807,1828]" degrees="138" direction="east" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" precision="925" value="138.45">138°27'E</geoCoordinate>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBE5A7F8E9BC01FFBE5FAAF" blockId="8.[140,770,1851,1903]" lastBlockId="8.[809,1440,1110,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBE5A7F8E9BC01FFEFCF8E3" box="[140,315,1851,1873]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">Horizon and age</emphasis>
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. Occurs in the Gull Rock Member and the Tuketja Member of the Blanche Point Formation. The Gull Rock Member consists of green and grey, glauconitic and fossiliferous calcareous mudstone with a few limestone lenses; the Tuketja Member consists of alternating bands of tough, dark grey chert and friable clays, silts and calcareous clays (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBE5A7F8D27C3EFFC2AFB50" author="Jenkins, R. J. F. & Jones, J. B. & McGowran, B. & Beecroft, A. S. & Fitzgerald, M. J." box="[816,1005,1228,1250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" pagination="2 - 7" refId="ref10281" refString="Jenkins, R. J. F., Jones, J. B., McGowran, B., Beecroft, A. S., and Fitzgerald, M. J. 1982. Lithostratigraphic subdivision of the Blanche Point Formation, Late Eocene, Willunga sub-basin. Quarterly Geological Notes, Geological Survey of South Australia 84: 2 - 7." type="journal article" year="1982">Jenkins et al., 1982</bibRefCitation>
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). Both members are in the P15 foraminiferal zone; Late Eocene (Bartonian–Priabonian), 36.5–38.0 Ma (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBE5A7F8D27C22BFBD1FAAF" author="James, N. P. & Bone, Y." box="[816,1046,1288,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" pagination="761 - 786" refId="ref10159" refString="James, N. P., and Bone, Y. 2000. Eocene cool-water carbonate and biosiliceous sedimentation dynamics, St Vincent Basin, South Australia. Sedimentology 47: 761 - 786." type="journal article" year="2000">James and Bone, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBE5A7F8D3EC217FB44FA37" blockId="8.[809,1440,1332,1414]" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBE5A7F8D3EC217FC2DFAFB" box="[809,1002,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">Referred material.</emphasis>
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A partial right humerus (
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<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBE5A7F8B13C216FAFCFAF8" box="[1284,1339,1333,1354]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">SAM</collectionCode>
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P14158a) (
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<figureCitation id="135C11EEFFBE5A7F8D26C271FCABFADA" box="[817,876,1362,1384]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[147,206,1857,1876]" captionTargetBox="[279,1317,1120,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-51@7.[278,1317,1119,1841]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Pachydyptes simpsoni paratype, SAM P14158: proximal end of right radius in (A) ventral view and (C) dorsal view; partial right humerus in (B) ventral and (D) dorsal views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12212354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12212354/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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), a partial right radius (
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<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBE5A7F8A4EC271FB57FAD5" box="[1113,1168,1362,1383]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">SAM</collectionCode>
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P14158b) (
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<figureCitation id="135C11EEFFBE5A7F8AE8C271FAFDFADA" box="[1279,1338,1362,1384]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[147,206,1857,1876]" captionTargetBox="[279,1317,1120,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-51@7.[278,1317,1119,1841]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Pachydyptes simpsoni paratype, SAM P14158: proximal end of right radius in (A) ventral view and (C) dorsal view; partial right humerus in (B) ventral and (D) dorsal views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12212354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12212354/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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) and a rib fragment (
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<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBE5A7F8D85C253FC0EFA37" box="[914,969,1392,1413]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">SAM</collectionCode>
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P17913). (
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<tableCitation id="C6E538D0FFBE5A7F8A27C253FBBAFA37" box="[1072,1149,1392,1414]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[147,201,1677,1699]" captionText="Table 2), a partial right radius (SAM P14158b) (Fig. 5; Table 2), and a partial rib (SAM P17913;Table 2).A second form originally thought to be closely related to Palaeeudyptes was described by Finlayson (1938), who reported a left humerus (SAM P7158) (Fig. 6; Table 2) from Witton Bluff, South Australia. A right tibiotarsus (SAM P10862) (Fig. 7; Table 2), also from Witton Bluff was noted by Glaessner (1955), described by Simpson (1957), and also referred to this form. Simpson (1971)" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">Table 2</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBE5A7E8D3EC2BEFE49FA87" blockId="8.[809,1441,1436,1903]" lastBlockId="9.[147,778,1126,1333]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="318" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBE5A7F8D3EC2BEFC50FA00" box="[809,919,1437,1458]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Following
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBE5A7F8A1DC2BFFB63FA00" author="Marples, B. J." box="[1034,1188,1436,1458]" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref10968" refString="Marples, B. J. 1952. Early Tertiary penguins of New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Palaeontological Bulletin 20: 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1952">Marples (1952)</bibRefCitation>
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, the generic diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBE5A7F8D3EC299FC6EFA7D" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1930" box="[809,937,1466,1487]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pachydyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBE5A7F8D3EC299FC6EFA7D" box="[809,937,1466,1487]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">Pachydyptes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is as follows: humerus relatively wide; m. deltoideus minor insertion (referred to as the ‘external tuberosity’ by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBE5A7F8DAFC2D6FB81F9B9" author="Marples, B. J." box="[952,1094,1525,1547]" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref10968" refString="Marples, B. J. 1952. Early Tertiary penguins of New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Palaeontological Bulletin 20: 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1952">Marples, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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) projects distally; articular surface flattened; fossa pneumotricipitalis undivided; m. supracoracoideus insertion slightly oblique, almost parallel to long axis of shaft and widely separated from the m. latissimus dorsi insertion; shaft has slight sigmoid curve and slight angulation of the cranial border; angle between long axis of shaft and tangent of condylus dorsalis and condylus ventralis is acute; shelf adjacent to condylus ventralis approximately the same width as condylus ventralis; and coracoid convex at base. Following
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBE5A7F8D8FC023FBEAF8A7" author="Jenkins, R. J. F." box="[920,1069,1792,1814]" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" pagination="291 - 310" refId="ref10195" refString="Jenkins, R. J. F. 1974. A new giant penguin from the Eocene of Australia. Palaeontology 17: 291 - 310." type="journal article" year="1974">Jenkins (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBE5A7F8A2EC023FADBF8A4" authorityName="Jenkins" authorityYear="1974" box="[1081,1308,1792,1814]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pachydyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simpsoni">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBE5A7F8A2EC023FADBF8A4" box="[1081,1308,1792,1814]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">Pachydyptes simpsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBE5A7F8D3EC03DFB64F881" authority="Oliver, 1930" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1930" box="[809,1187,1822,1844]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pachydyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ponderosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBE5A7F8D3EC03DFBE3F881" box="[809,1060,1822,1843]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="317">Pachydyptes ponderosus</emphasis>
|
||
Oliver, 1930
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having: more concave medial margin of the coracoid; more pronounced angulation of the cranial margin of the humerus (referred to as the “preaxial tuberosity on the shaft at the proximal limit of attachment of brachialis internus” by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8F94C3A6FDD7FB28" author="Jenkins, R. J. F." box="[387,528,1157,1179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="291 - 310" refId="ref10195" refString="Jenkins, R. J. F. 1974. A new giant penguin from the Eocene of Australia. Palaeontology 17: 291 - 310." type="journal article" year="1974">Jenkins, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); more widely separated insertions of the musculi supracoracoideus and the musculi coracobrachialis caudalis (referred to as the pectoralis secundus and pectoralis tertius respectively by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8C16C3C1FD4CFB45" author="Jenkins, R. J. F." box="[513,651,1250,1272]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="291 - 310" refId="ref10195" refString="Jenkins, R. J. F. 1974. A new giant penguin from the Eocene of Australia. Palaeontology 17: 291 - 310." type="journal article" year="1974">Jenkins, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); metacarpal III extends further distally than metacarpal II; and the bones are generally less robust.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF185DE3FFBF5A7E8E87C4FDFE69FBB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12212360" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12212360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12212360/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" startId="9.[144,203,990,1009]" targetBox="[209,1346,230,970]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBF5A7E8E87C4FDFE69FBB9" blockId="9.[144,776,990,1035]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
|
||
Figure 8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8EF0C4FDFEB9FC43" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[231,382,990,1009]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Sphenisciformes</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet. partial right humerus, SAM P10863: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF185DE3FFBF5A7E8D3AC4FDFBF7FBB9" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" startId="9.[813,872,990,1009]" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBF5A7E8D3AC4FDFBF7FBB9" blockId="9.[813,1444,990,1035]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
|
||
Figure 9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8D91C4FDFBDAFC43" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[902,1053,990,1009]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Sphenisciformes</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet. partial left femur, SAM P10870: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBF5A7E8E84C26EFD17F8DD" blockId="9.[147,779,1357,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8E84C26EFF34FAD0" box="[147,243,1357,1378]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The referred humerus (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBF5A7E8FFDC26EFDE6FAD0" box="[490,545,1357,1378]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">SAM</collectionCode>
|
||
P14158a) is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8E84C24FFE48FA33" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1930" box="[147,399,1388,1409]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pachydyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ponderosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8E84C24FFE48FA33" box="[147,399,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Pachydyptes ponderosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with its large head, expanded muscle attachments and wide shaft. The skeleton however is overall less robust than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8F2CC289FE0CFA0C" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1930" box="[315,459,1449,1471]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pachydyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ponderosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8F2CC289FE0CFA0C" box="[315,459,1449,1471]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">P. ponderosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the overall morphology of the coracoid, radius and carpometacarpus shows similarities to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8E84C2C4FEDCFA4E" baseAuthorityName="Jenkins" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[147,283,1511,1532]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Anthropornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8E84C2C4FEDCFA4E" box="[147,283,1511,1532]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Anthropornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8F5CC2C4FDB8FA4E" authority="(Jenkins, 1974)" baseAuthorityName="Jenkins" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[331,639,1511,1533]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Palaeeudyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8F5CC2C4FE18FA4E" box="[331,479,1511,1532]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Palaeeudyptes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8FFBC2C4FDB0FA4E" author="Jenkins, R. J. F." box="[492,631,1511,1533]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="291 - 310" refId="ref10195" refString="Jenkins, R. J. F. 1974. A new giant penguin from the Eocene of Australia. Palaeontology 17: 291 - 310." type="journal article" year="1974">Jenkins, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The coracoid has a broadly flared base and an oval foramen nervi supracoracoidei. On the radius, the insertion site of the m. brachialis is hollowed, forming a distinct notch similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8EA2C141FDB1F9CA" authority="Ameghino, 1905" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1905" box="[181,630,1634,1656]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Paraptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8EA2C141FE7EF9C5" box="[181,441,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Paraptenodytes robustus</emphasis>
|
||
Ameghino, 1905
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although the bone itself resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8FADC1A2FD89F924" baseAuthorityName="Jenkins" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[442,590,1665,1686]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Palaeeudyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8FADC1A2FD89F924" box="[442,590,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Palaeeudyptes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8C95C1A2FEE9F907" authority="(Jenkins, 1974)" baseAuthorityName="Jenkins" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Anthropornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8C95C1A2FCCDF924" box="[642,778,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Anthropornis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8E8DC183FEEFF907" author="Jenkins, R. J. F." box="[154,296,1696,1718]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="291 - 310" refId="ref10195" refString="Jenkins, R. J. F. 1974. A new giant penguin from the Eocene of Australia. Palaeontology 17: 291 - 310." type="journal article" year="1974">Jenkins, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Systematic revisions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8C3FC183FCCDF904" authorityName="Jenkins" authorityYear="1974" box="[552,778,1696,1718]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pachydyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simpsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8C3FC183FCCDF904" box="[552,778,1696,1718]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Pachydyptes simpsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have seen it first synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8FFFC19CFE81F941" authority="(Jenkins, 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Jenkins" baseAuthorityYear="1985" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Anthropornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nordenskjoeldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8FFFC19CFCCDF966" box="[488,778,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8E8DC1FDFEF8F941" author="Jenkins, R. J. F." box="[154,319,1757,1780]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" refId="ref10222" refString="Jenkins, R. J. F. 1985. Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi Wiman, 1905: Nordenskjoeld's giant penguin, Pp. 183 - 187 in Vickers-Rich P., and Van Tets, G. F. (eds), Kadimakara, Extinct Vertebrates of Australia. Princeton University Press: New Jersey. 284 pp." type="book" year="1985">Jenkins, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and most recently considered as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8E84C1DFFEFCF8A0" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1891" box="[147,315,1788,1810]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Sphenisciformes</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet. (Ksepka and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8C18C1DFFD54F8A0" author="Clarke, J. A. & Ksepka, D. T. & Salas-Gismondi, R. & Altamirano, A. J. & Shawkey, M. D. & D'Alba, L. & Vinther, J. & DeVries, T. J. & Baby, P." box="[527,659,1788,1810]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="954 - 957" refId="ref9206" refString="Clarke, J. A., Ksepka, D. T., Salas-Gismondi, R., Altamirano, A. J., Shawkey, M. D., D'Alba, L., Vinther, J., DeVries, T. J., and Baby, P. 2010. Fossil evidence for evolution of the shape and colour of penguin feathers. Science 330: 954 - 957." type="journal article" year="2010">Clarke, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The latter authors concluded that it occupied a more crownward position than Antarctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8F2DC019FE32F8FD" baseAuthorityName="Jenkins" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[314,501,1850,1871]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Anthropornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nordenskjoeldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8F2DC019FE32F8FD" box="[314,501,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">A. nordenskjoeldi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens. We therefore consider the systematics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8FBFC079FDDAF8DC" authorityName="Jenkins" authorityYear="1974" box="[424,541,1881,1903]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pachydyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simpsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8FBFC079FDDAF8DC" box="[424,541,1881,1903]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">P. simpsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be unresolved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |