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<mods:title id="58321E1977576C76B7CB8E318F7F6B19">A review of Mexican Stamnodes (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) with the description of 16 new species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C676AC634557853FD81B7AFAFA5FC65" ID-CoL="4ZHM3" authority="Pearsall, 1909" authorityName="Pearsall" authorityYear="1909" box="[566,1021,972,999]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendorata">
<emphasis id="B913CD5734557853FD81B7AFAF08FC65" bold="true" box="[566,848,972,999]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stamnodes splendorata</emphasis>
Pearsall, 1909
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37D42CE34557853FD75B793AF29FB89" box="[706,881,1008,1035]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD8114534557853FD75B793AF29FB89" blockId="18.[566,1021,972,1035]" box="[706,881,1008,1035]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<figureCitation id="135C0DC034557853FD75B793AF44FB88" box="[706,796,1008,1034]" captionStart="Figs 110" captionStartId="6.[189,242,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[191,1382,744,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-151@6.[189,1398,743,1709]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 110. Adult Stamnodes Guenée, [1858], dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views. 1. S. aumatlapalli sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (USNMENT01523813). 2. S. cannonaria (Schaus, 1927), holotype, ♂ (USNMENT01771251), photo credit NMNH type search (https://collections.nmnh.si.edu/search/ento/). 3. S. penguinifera (Dyar, 1910) (USNMENT01521263). 4. S. clara sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (AMNH_IZC 00353930).5.S.?claraaberration (EMEC1748437).6. S. carotasp. nov.,holotype, ♀(BMEC). 7. S.favilla sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (USNMENT00868520). 8. S. fuego sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (USNMENT01771229). 9. S. matrona sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (EMEC1748430). 10. S. splendorata Pearsall, 1909 (DLW). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376792/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135C0DC034557853FC9FB793AF29FB89" box="[808,881,1008,1035]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="61.[188,231,1963,1989]" captionStartId-1="71.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1348,531,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[190,1398,750,1875]" captionTargetId-0="figure-76@61.[189,1398,523,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-138@71.[189,1398,749,1882]" captionTargetPageId-0="61" captionTargetPageId-1="71" captionText-0="Fig. 94. COI neighbour-joining tree for Mexican Stamnodes Guenée, [1858] using default Kimura-2P model in the Barcode of Life Project (BOLD). Taxon names followed by BOLD Process ID." captionText-1="Fig. 95. Biogeographic associations of Mexican Stamnodes Guenée, [1858]. (*) denotes species found in two or more provinces. Underlying biogeographic provincial map taken from Morrone (2020: fig. 4.5) with permission to reproduce this figure granted by author Juan J. Morrone." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376835" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376837" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10376835/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10376837/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">9495</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37D42CE34557853FF0AB052AF92FA9B" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD8114534557853FF0AB052AD07FBED" blockId="18.[189,1399,1073,1135]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC6375434557853FF0AB052AE92FBC9" author="Pearsall R. F." box="[189,714,1073,1099]" page="367" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1909">
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC634557853FF0AB052AE92FBC9" ID-CoL="4ZHM3" authority="Pearsall, 1909 b: 367" authorityName="Pearsall" authorityPageNumber="367" authorityYear="1909" box="[189,714,1073,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendorata">
<emphasis id="B913CD5734557853FF0AB052AD97FBC9" box="[189,463,1073,1099]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stamnodes splendorata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB434557853FE61B052AE92FBC9" author="Pearsall R. F." box="[470,714,1073,1099]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="366 - 368" refId="ref40737" refString="Pearsall R. F. 1909 b. The geometrid genus Stamnodes Guenee. The Canadian Entomologist 41 (10): 366 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 41366 - 10" type="journal article" year="1909">Pearsall, 1909b: 367</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
<typeStatus id="54DCAFE734557853FD63B051AF56FBCE" box="[724,782,1074,1100]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Palmerlee, Cochise County,
<collectingRegion id="49A3DFA734557853FB70B052A971FBC9" box="[1223,1321,1073,1099]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Arizona</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37051D534557853FA83B052A92AFBC9" box="[1332,1394,1073,1099]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
. [AMNH].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8114534557853FF0AB0F5AF92FA9B" blockId="18.[189,1399,1174,1306]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB77366B34557853FF0AB0F5AF92FA9B" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC634557853FF0AB0F5AD8AFB32" ID-CoL="4ZHM3" authorityName="Pearsall" authorityYear="1909" box="[189,466,1174,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendorata">
<emphasis id="B913CD5734557853FF0AB0F5AD8AFB32" box="[189,466,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stamnodes splendorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC6375434557853FE44B0F5AF40FB33" author="McDunnough J. H." box="[499,792,1174,1201]" page="151" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB434557853FE44B0F5AF40FB33" author="McDunnough J. H." box="[499,792,1174,1201]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="3 - 272" refId="ref40129" refString="McDunnough J. H. 1938. Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America, Part 1, Macrolepidoptera. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 1: 3 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 146941" type="journal article" year="1938">McDunnough 1938: 151</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist). —
<treatmentCitation id="0AC6375434557853FC62B0F4A89BFB32" author="Ferguson D. C." box="[981,1219,1174,1201]" page="103" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB434557853FC62B0F4A89BFB32" author="Ferguson D. C." box="[981,1219,1174,1201]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="88 - 107" refId="ref39036" refString="Ferguson D. C. 1983. Geometridae. In: Hodges R. W., Dominick T., Davis D. R., Ferguson D. C., Franclemont J. G., Munroe E. G. &amp; Powell J. A. (eds) Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico: 88 - 107. EW Classey Ltd. &amp; The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London." type="book chapter" year="1983">Ferguson 1983: 103</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist). —
<treatmentCitation id="0AC6375434557853FF5BB0DAADB2FB51" author="Furniss M. M. &amp; Ferguson D. C. &amp; Voget K. W. &amp; Burkhardt J. W. &amp; Tiedemann A. R." box="[236,490,1209,1235]" page="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB434557853FF5BB0DAADB2FB51" author="Furniss M. M. &amp; Ferguson D. C. &amp; Voget K. W. &amp; Burkhardt J. W. &amp; Tiedemann A. R." box="[236,490,1209,1235]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref39117" refString="Furniss M. M., Ferguson D. C., Voget K. W., Burkhardt J. W. &amp; Tiedemann A. R. 1988. Taxonomy, life history, and ecology of a mountain-mahogany defoliator, Stamnodes animata (Pearsall), in Nevada. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish Wildlife Research 3: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1988">
Furniss
<emphasis id="B913CD5734557853FEFEB0D9ADDDFB51" box="[329,389,1209,1235]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
1988: 9
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="0AC6375434557853FDAAB0DAAF01FB51" author="Poole R. W. &amp; Gentili P." box="[541,857,1209,1235]" page="686" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB434557853FDAAB0DAAF01FB51" author="Poole R. W. &amp; Gentili P." box="[541,857,1209,1235]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref40974" refString="Poole R. W. &amp; Gentili P. (eds) 1996. Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A Check List of the Insects of North America. Vol. 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville." type="book" year="1996">
<collectingRegion id="49A3DFA734557853FDAAB0DAAE38FB51" box="[541,608,1209,1235]" country="United Kingdom" name="Poole" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Poole</collectingRegion>
&amp; Gentili 1996: 686
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist). —
<treatmentCitation id="0AC6375434557853FBA4B0DAA8BBFB51" author="Scoble M. J." box="[1043,1251,1209,1235]" page="903" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB434557853FBA4B0DAA8BBFB51" author="Scoble M. J." box="[1043,1251,1209,1235]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="2" refId="ref41359" refString="Scoble M. J. 1999. Geometrid Moths of the World: A Catalogue. Vols 1 &amp; 2. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643101050" type="journal article" year="1999">Scoble 1999: 903</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue). —
<treatmentCitation id="0AC6375434557853FEA7B0BFAED5FB75" author="Knudson E. &amp; Bordelon C." box="[272,653,1244,1271]" page="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB434557853FEA7B0BFAED5FB75" author="Knudson E. &amp; Bordelon C." box="[272,653,1244,1271]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="7 - 8" refId="ref39842" refString="Knudson E. &amp; Bordelon C. 2002. The Stamnodini (Geometridae: Larentiinae) of Texas. News of the Lepidopterists' Society 44 (1): 7 - 8." type="journal article" year="2002">Knudson &amp; Bordelon 2002: 78</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB434557853FD0AB0BFAFAAFB75" author="Scoble M. J. &amp; Hausmann A." box="[701,1010,1244,1271]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref41395" refString="Scoble M. J. &amp; Hausmann A. 2007. Online list of valid and available names of the Geometridae of the World. Available from http: // www. herbulot. de / globalspecieslist. htm [accessed 20 Aug. 2022]." type="url" year="2007">Scoble &amp; Hausmann 2007</bibRefCitation>
(online catalogue). —
<treatmentCitation id="0AC6375434557853FAB7B0BFAD38FA98" author="Pohl G. R. &amp; Patterson B. &amp; Pelham J. P." page="448" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB434557853FAB7B0BFAD38FA98" author="Pohl G. R. &amp; Patterson B. &amp; Pelham J. P." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref40920" refString="Pohl G. R., Patterson B. &amp; Pelham J. P. 2016. Annotated Taxonomic Checklist of the Lepidoptera of North America, North of Mexico. Working paper published online by the authors at ResearchGate. net https: // doi. org / 10.13140 / RG. 2.1.2186.3287" type="book" year="2016">
Pohl
<emphasis id="B913CD5734557853FA8BB0BEA92EFB74" box="[1340,1398,1244,1270]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
2016: 448
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist). —
<bibRefCitation id="EFF66CB434557853FDA0B09CAEBEFA98" author="Rajaei H. &amp; Hausmann A. &amp; Scoble M. &amp; Wanke D. &amp; Plotkin D. &amp; Brehm G. &amp; Murillo-Ramos L. &amp; Sihvonen P." box="[535,742,1279,1306]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="145 - 192" refId="ref41120" refString="Rajaei H., Hausmann A., Scoble M., Wanke D., Plotkin D., Brehm G., Murillo-Ramos L. &amp; Sihvonen P. 2022. An online taxonomic facility of Geometridae (Lepidoptera), with an overview of global species richness and systematics. Integrative Systematics 5 (2): 145 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.18476 / 2022.577933" type="journal article" year="2022">
Rajaei
<emphasis id="B913CD5734557853FDDEB163AEFCFA9B" box="[617,676,1279,1305]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
(online catalogue).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37D42CE34557853FF0AB122AD12FA76" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD8114534557853FF0AB122AD0EFAD9" blockId="18.[189,342,1345,1371]" box="[189,342,1345,1371]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D090A62934557853FF0AB122AD0EFAD9" bold="true" box="[189,342,1345,1371]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B913CD5734557853FF0AB122AD0EFAD9" bold="true" box="[189,342,1345,1371]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8114534557853FF0AB10CAD12FA76" blockId="18.[188,1399,1391,1524]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectingCountry id="F37051D534557853FF0AB10CAD43FA0B" box="[189,283,1391,1417]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mexico</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC634557853FE9CB10CAE19FA0B" authorityName="Pearsall" authorityYear="1909" box="[299,577,1391,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendorata">
<emphasis id="B913CD5734557853FE9CB10CAE19FA0B" box="[299,577,1391,1417]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stamnodes splendorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits the pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre Occidental, with records also spanning the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt to at least the state of
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC634557853FB8BB1F0A8C6FA2F" authorityName="Rindge" authorityYear="1983" box="[1084,1182,1427,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hidalgo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hidalgo</taxonomicName>
.
<collectingCountry id="F37051D534557853FB1FB1F0A8BFFA2F" box="[1192,1255,1427,1453]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
: this species can also be found in the Madrean sky islands of southeast
<collectingRegion id="49A3DFA734557853FCDCB1D5AF91FA52" box="[875,969,1462,1488]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Arizona</collectingRegion>
eastward to the Davis Mountains of West
<collectingRegion id="49A3DFA734557853FF49B1B9AD1EFA76" box="[254,326,1498,1524]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Texas</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37D42CE34557852FF0AB279AFDEFEC4" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BD8114534557853FF0AB279AD44F9B6" blockId="18.[189,284,1562,1588]" box="[189,284,1562,1588]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D090A62934557853FF0AB279AD44F9B6" bold="true" box="[189,284,1562,1588]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B913CD5734557853FF0AB279AD44F9B6" bold="true" box="[189,284,1562,1588]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Biology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8114534557853FF0AB22AAD07F94F" blockId="18.[189,1399,1609,1741]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The life history of
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC634557853FE18B229AE06F9E1" authorityName="Pearsall" authorityYear="1909" box="[431,606,1609,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendorata">
<emphasis id="B913CD5734557853FE18B229AE06F9E1" box="[431,606,1609,1636]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. splendorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unpublished, but the host plant is likely an herbaceous mint (
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC634557853FF72B20FAD13F904" box="[197,331,1644,1670]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
). The host is hypothesized from phylogeny (Matson &amp; Wagner in prep.) as this species sits squarely among many mint-feeding
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC634557853FDD4B2ECAEBAF92B" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[611,738,1679,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Stamnodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913CD5734557853FDD4B2ECAEBAF92B" box="[611,738,1679,1705]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stamnodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Adult collections are centered around a single late July- August flight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8114534557853FF0AB297AE49F88C" blockId="18.[189,529,1780,1806]" box="[189,529,1780,1806]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D090A62934557853FF0AB297AE49F88C" bold="true" box="[189,529,1780,1806]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B913CD5734557853FF0AB297AE49F88C" bold="true" box="[189,529,1780,1806]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Molecular characterization</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8114534557853FF0AB340A92FF84B" blockId="18.[189,1400,1826,1994]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The USNM houses a single aberrant specimen from
<quantity id="4C9FBCA034557853FCE6B341AFF5F8BF" box="[849,941,1826,1853]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 miles</quantity>
east of Tulancingo,
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC634557853FB06B340A948F8BF" authorityName="Rindge" authorityYear="1983" box="[1201,1296,1827,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hidalgo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hidalgo</taxonomicName>
(BOLD Process ID: LNAUX434-18; GenBank: OP898486). This individual is lighter in colour and its barcode differs from that of
<collectingRegion id="49A3DFA734557853FE1DB30AAE50F801" box="[426,520,1897,1923]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Arizona</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F37051D534557853FDAEB30AAE0FF801" box="[537,599,1897,1923]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
) specimens by two percent; however, only 307 of the 658 barcode nucleotides were successfully sequenced. The
<taxonomicName id="4C676AC634557853FD55B3EFAF19F824" authorityName="Rindge" authorityYear="1983" box="[738,833,1932,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hidalgo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hidalgo</taxonomicName>
population warrants future study, but until then, the sequenced individual and its parent population will be considered conspecific with those to the north.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD8114534547852FF0AB56AAFDEFEC4" blockId="19.[189,1398,265,327]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">This species is represented in BOLD as BIN: BOLD:AAV8865 (n = 2, partial sequences excluded). At present, the average pairwise intraspecific distance is 0.71%.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>