107 lines
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107 lines
12 KiB
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<document id="795C8811D4259559F05D344968050521" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4178.4.4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4178.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="91768d2f-3bdc-4512-bb6b-22f841103733" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="163589" ID-ZooBank="0FC215B7-B640-42E5-9709-64CC15581D97" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1477649499394" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stuke, Jens-Hermann" docDate="2016" docId="03CE87E7B32E927930DAFF77F06FFD0F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4178.4.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4178 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Physocephala Schiner 1861" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="526" masterDocId="FFF7FF9FB32B927C304DFFEFF21EFF93" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on Western Palaearctic Conopidae (Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="534" masterPageNumber="521" pageNumber="526" updateTime="1729286072211" updateUser="julia">
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<mods:titleInfo id="504BBFE7926508EE1EC5259D70A494D4">
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<mods:title id="7551BECA2DEE340D00546B1D03714B2E">Taxonomic notes on Western Palaearctic Conopidae (Diptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="753EF5CFD8F065086216337E59BAD14D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D693CB77465330AAA44C41D95FD28008">Stuke, Jens-Hermann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9E7ED27ADDB5B57097A557A473110486">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="1772853FF9540C9DD4B85C0AE084723C">
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<mods:title id="9ABF04FCFDDF3E74857D0D66BA4FA54C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4C5A80D14AF7A4872F60E42301BD11D9">
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<mods:date id="6FB8F554CDE59E19D47DB39B88ACAC50">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="989E941C8DFAC63504ADE641454DC994">2016-10-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="77F063F7B675BF75310C0B5D02958F9D">4178</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B27CF1E28DC13C033140987C4BD1DDA6" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="41EED4C891C696DCA9E06DB52D7C42A5">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="32CEC1B93CDF3F43F02AB44339CDB59A">521</mods:start>
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<treatment id="03CE87E7B32E927930DAFF77F06FFD0F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6070338" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124788260" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6070338" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E7B32E927930DAFF77F06FFD0F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87E7B32E927930DAFF77F06FFD0F" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">
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<subSubSection id="C37D657AB32E927930DAFF77F3F3FF21" box="[151,493,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD836F1B32E927930DAFF77F3F3FF21" blockId="5.[151,493,152,178]" box="[151,493,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">
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<heading id="D090819DB32E927930DAFF77F3F3FF21" bold="true" box="[151,493,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D72B32E927930DAFF77F3F3FF21" ID-CoL="9H73Q" ID-ENA="198643" authority="Schiner, 1861" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,493,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Conopidae" genus="Physocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913EAE3B32E927930DAFF77F3F3FF21" bold="true" box="[151,493,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">
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<emphasis id="B913EAE3B32E927930DAFF77F321FF21" bold="true" box="[151,319,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Physocephala</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B00B32E9279310BFF77F3F3FF21" author="Schiner" box="[326,493,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" refString="Schiner, I. R. (1861) Vorlaufiger Commentar zum dipterologischen Theile der " Fauna austriaca " III. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 5, 137 - 144." type="journal article" year="1861">Schiner, 1861</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D657AB32E927930DAFF31F35CFE80" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD836F1B32E927930DAFF31F35CFE80" blockId="5.[151,1436,222,275]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7711DFB32E927930DAFF31F35CFE80" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D72B32E927930DAFF31F3F6FF67" ID-CoL="9H73Q" authority="Schiner 1861: 138" authorityName="Schiner" authorityPageNumber="138" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,488,222,244]" class="Insecta" family="Conopidae" genus="Physocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913EAE3B32E927930DAFF31F33BFF67" box="[151,293,222,244]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Physocephala</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC610E0B32E92793161FF31F3F6FF67" author="Schiner" box="[300,488,222,244]" page="138" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" year="1861">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B00B32E92793161FF31F3A9FF67" author="Schiner" box="[300,439,222,244]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" refString="Schiner, I. R. (1861) Vorlaufiger Commentar zum dipterologischen Theile der " Fauna austriaca " III. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 5, 137 - 144." type="journal article" year="1861">Schiner 1861</bibRefCitation>
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: 138
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[name gender: feminine]; Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D72B32E927933C1FF31F73FFF67" ID-CoL="9HCDQ" authority="Fabricius, 1781" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1781" box="[908,1313,222,244]" class="Insecta" family="Conopidae" genus="Physocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
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<emphasis id="B913EAE3B32E927933C1FF31F676FF67" box="[908,1128,222,244]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Physocephala rufipes</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B00B32E9279343BFF31F707FF67" author="Fabricius" box="[1142,1305,222,244]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1781) Species insectorum exhibentes eorum differentias specificas, synonyma, avctorum, loca natalia, metamorphosin adiectis observationibus, descriptionibus. Tome 1 + 2. Bohnii, C. E., Hamburg & Kiel, 494 pp." type="book" year="1781">Fabricius, 1781</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D657AB32E927930DAFED0F06FFD0F" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD836F1B32E927930DAFED0F06FFD0F" blockId="5.[151,1437,319,669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">
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Although the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D72B32E927931C9FED0F03FFECB" ID-CoL="9H73Q" box="[388,545,319,344]" class="Insecta" family="Conopidae" genus="Physocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913EAE3B32E927931C9FED0F03FFECB" box="[388,545,319,344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Physocephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is one of the most distinctive amongst the
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D72B32E9279346EFED0F664FECB" box="[1059,1146,319,344]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
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, and many taxa are well known and recorded as parasitoids of various aculeate
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D72B32E92793351FE8AF1A9FEEE" ID-CoL="HYM" box="[796,951,357,381]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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, the accurate identification of the species remains very problematic. In large part this is due to the past description of many poorly defined taxa, often on the basis of colouration and dusting characters of low taxonomic value. Examination of large numbers of specimens from throughout the
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<location id="8EB8602AB32E927931C8FE20F04EFE7B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E7B32E927930DAFF77F06FFD0F:8EB8602AB32E927931C8FE20F04EFE7B" box="[389,592,463,488]" name="Palaearctic region" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" stateProvince="Western">Palaearctic region</location>
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has revealed the existence of many intermediates, suggesting that several species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D72B32E9279315EFE1BF3AEFD9E" ID-CoL="9H73Q" box="[275,432,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Conopidae" genus="Physocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913EAE3B32E9279315EFE1BF3AEFD9E" box="[275,432,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Physocephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are extremely variable and that many of the described taxa are in fact synonyms. The amazing variability in size and colour of
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D72B32E9279322BFDF8F11DFDA3" ID-CoL="9H73Q" box="[614,771,535,560]" class="Insecta" family="Conopidae" genus="Physocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913EAE3B32E9279322BFDF8F11DFDA3" box="[614,771,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Physocephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been described for example by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B00B32E927934D4FDF8F724FDA3" author="Bohart" box="[1177,1338,535,560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" refString="Bohart, G. E. (1941) A Review of the genus Physocephala of the Western United States (Diptera, Conopidae). Pan-pacific Entomologist, 17, 141 - 144." type="journal article" year="1941">Bohart (1941)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B00B32E9279350BFDF7F2FFFDC6" author="Camras" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" refString="Camras, S. (1996) New Information on the New World Physocephala (Diptera: Conopidae). News and the Proceedings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 107, 104 - 112." type="journal article" year="1996">Camras (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B00B32E92793153FDD3F3DBFDC7" author="Krober" box="[286,453,572,597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" refString="Krober, O. (1939) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Conopiden. I. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 11 (4), 362 - 395. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933908527001" type="journal article" year="1939">Kröber (1939)</bibRefCitation>
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. A key is set out below which summarises my current understanding of the
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<collectingRegion id="49A3F813B32E9279350CFDD2F782FDC7" box="[1345,1436,573,596]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Western</collectingRegion>
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Palaearctic species, which should assist in their identification. It also supplements the diagnoses that are given for the species which are treated in this paper.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |