treatments-xml/data/03/CE/87/03CE87C0FFFBFF91FEA0FE54FC9AF99B.xml

<document id="450ABA3F0C97DED9CBDD0938FAB3FFEA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.281063" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f026bade-e1fa-4b54-bbcd-d73e7fea24f4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="281063" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460481216826" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hasan, Mahmudul, Kuramoto, Mitsuru, Islam, Mohammed Mafizul, Alam, Mohammad Shafiqul, Khan, Mukhlesur Rahman &amp; Sumida, Masayuki" docDate="2012" docId="03CE87C0FFFBFF91FEA0FE54FC9AF99B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03312p058.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3312" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hoplobatrachus litoralis Hasan, Kuramoto, Islam, Alam, Khan &amp; Sumida, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFF7FFB8FFF9FF9AFE37FFC0FF80FFCA" masterDocTitle="A new species of genus Hoplobatrachus (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from the coastal belt of Bangladesh" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1698307737194" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="332A17DF22779F88D6C16146BA3CB5C6">A new species of genus Hoplobatrachus (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from the coastal belt of Bangladesh</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="34C8BD050258AEFD0C052DB991F62077">Hasan, Mahmudul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E9136028AB8F6AE39626A03032106D73">Kuramoto, Mitsuru</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="035C7AA6438FDDBC25702520B8180A91">Islam, Mohammed Mafizul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4AED98826B5CD3822ABCCEB55AE4F1A8">Alam, Mohammad Shafiqul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2FE7953ED0EFFFCA9FEE4CBF6897CED2">Khan, Mukhlesur Rahman</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03CE87C0FFFBFF91FEA0FE54FC9AF99B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6176354" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119517399" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6176354" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87C0FFFBFF91FEA0FE54FC9AF99B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87C0FFFBFF91FEA0FE54FC9AF99B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
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<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFBFF98FEA0FE54FDA3FE67" blockId="2.[151,547,403,430]" box="[151,547,403,430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<heading id="D09081BAFFFBFF98FEA0FE54FDA3FE67" bold="true" box="[151,547,403,430]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFBFF98FEA0FE54FE3FFE64" ID-CoL="6MBTN" box="[151,447,404,430]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFBFF98FEA0FE54FE3FFE64" bold="true" box="[151,447,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Hoplobatrachus litoralis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22057BFFFFBFF98FFF2FE53FDA3FE67" box="[453,547,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C37D655DFFFBFF98FEA0FE1CFC9AFD07" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFBFF98FEA0FE1CFB9BFDD3" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFBFF98FEA0FE1CFE8BFE3E" bold="true" box="[151,267,476,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<typeStatus id="54DC8874FFFBFF98FEA0FE1CFE86FE3E" box="[151,262,476,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED76AE13FFFBFF98FF23FE1CFEEDFE3E" box="[276,365,476,500]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x03j-w5ba" name="Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">IABHU</collectionCode>
3993, adult female (SVL: 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFFBFF98FC96FE1BFC97FE39" box="[673,791,475,499]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0059999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="100.6">100.6 mm</quantity>
) collected from Teknaf, Cox’s Bazar district (20° 52ʹ N, 92° 18ʹ E,&gt; 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFFBFF98FF13FDC1FED0FDD3" box="[292,336,513,537]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
asl.), 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFFBFF98FFA3FDC1FD96FDD3" box="[404,534,513,537]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
on 
<date id="FFD91016FFFBFF98FC77FDC1FD55FDD3" box="[576,725,513,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" value="2011-06-20">20 June 2011</date>
by M. Hasan (
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFFBFF98FD4CFDC1FC45FDD3" box="[891,965,513,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[183,1421,187,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[179,1423,169,1928]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (IABHU 3993) of Hoplobatrachus litoralis sp. nov. after preservation in alcohol. (A) Dorsal aspect. (B) Ventral aspect. (C) Frontal aspect of head showing distinct black bands, compared with (D) that of H. tigerinu s (IABHU 3940). (E) Coloration of upper arm of H. litoralis (IABHU 3993), compared with (F) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). (G) Foot of paratype (IABHU 3980), compared with (H) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281064/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A, 1B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFBFF98FEFEFDE5FC9AFD07" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFBFF98FEFEFDE5FEC8FDF7" bold="true" box="[201,328,549,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<typeStatus id="54DC8874FFFBFF98FEFEFDE5FEC3FDF7" box="[201,323,549,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED76AE13FFFBFF98FF78FDE6FE28FDF4" box="[335,424,550,574]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x03j-w5ba" name="Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">IABHU</collectionCode>
3974, adult female (SVL: 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFFBFF98FCE0FDE5FCCDFDF7" box="[727,845,549,573]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2129999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="121.3">121.3 mm</quantity>
), 
<collectionCode id="ED76AE13FFFBFF98FD56FDE6FC3AFDF4" box="[865,954,550,574]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x03j-w5ba" name="Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">IABHU</collectionCode>
3979, adult female (SVL: 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFFBFF98FADEFDE5FADFFDF7" box="[1257,1375,549,573]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.091" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="109.1">109.1 mm</quantity>
), and 
<collectionCode id="ED76AE13FFFBFF98FEA0FD8AFF70FDA8" box="[151,240,586,610]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x03j-w5ba" name="Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">IABHU</collectionCode>
3980, adult female (SVL: 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFFBFF98FC15FD89FD16FDAB" box="[546,662,585,609]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.193" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="119.3">119.3 mm</quantity>
) collected from Ukhia, Cox’s Bazar district, 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFFBFF98FAA2FD89FA98FDAB" box="[1173,1304,585,609]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
on 
<date id="FFD91016FFFBFF98FB73FD89FF4EFD4F" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" value="2011-06-19">19 June 2011</date>
by M. Hasan. 
<collectionCode id="ED76AE13FFFBFF98FF45FDAEFE4BFD4C" box="[370,459,622,646]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x03j-w5ba" name="Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">IABHU</collectionCode>
3989, adult male (SVL: 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFFBFF98FCD7FDADFCC8FD4F" box="[736,840,621,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.95" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="89.5">89.5 mm</quantity>
), 
<collectionCode id="ED76AE13FFFBFF98FD6DFDAEFC33FD4C" box="[858,947,622,646]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x03j-w5ba" name="Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">IABHU</collectionCode>
3992, adult male (SVL: 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFFBFF98FAFEFDADFAB1FD4F" box="[1225,1329,621,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.37" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="83.7">83.7 mm</quantity>
), 
<collectionCode id="ED76AE13FFFBFF98FB74FDAEFA1CFD4C" box="[1347,1436,622,646]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x03j-w5ba" name="Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">IABHU</collectionCode>
3994, adult male (SVL: 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFFBFF98FF9CFD51FD92FD63" box="[427,530,657,681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.47" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="84.7">84.7 mm</quantity>
) and 
<collectionCode id="ED76AE13FFFBFF98FC65FD52FD2BFD60" box="[594,683,658,682]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x03j-w5ba" name="Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">IABHU</collectionCode>
3997, adult female (SVL: 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFFBFF98FDEBFD51FBC3FD63" box="[988,1091,657,681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.61" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="96.1">96.1 mm</quantity>
) collected from Teknaf, Cox’s Bazar district, 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFFBFF98FF0CFD75FE3EFD07" box="[315,446,693,717]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
on 
<date id="FFD91016FFFBFF98FFD0FD75FDFCFD07" box="[487,636,693,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" value="2011-06-20">20 June 2011</date>
by M. Hasan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37D655DFFFBFF98FEFEFD19FC92FBDB" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFBFF98FEFEFD19FC92FBDB" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFBFF98FEFEFD19FEC3FD38" bold="true" box="[201,323,729,754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Large frog with SVL of 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFFBFF98FC52FD19FC97FD3B" box="[613,791,729,753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.169999999999998" metricValueMax="10.209999999999999" metricValueMin="8.129999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="91.69999999999999" valueMax="102.1" valueMin="81.3">81.3–102.1 mm</quantity>
in males and 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFFBFF98FD8EFD19FBECFD3B" box="[953,1132,729,753]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0225" metricValueMax="1.2129999999999999" metricValueMin="0.832" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="102.25" valueMax="121.3" valueMin="83.2">83.2–121.3 mm</quantity>
in females. A broad black band from anterior corner of eye through the nostrils to anterior edge of upper jaw, and another band along the lateral margin of upper jaw (
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFFBFF98FF8CFCE1FE7AFCF3" box="[443,506,801,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[183,1421,187,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[179,1423,169,1928]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (IABHU 3993) of Hoplobatrachus litoralis sp. nov. after preservation in alcohol. (A) Dorsal aspect. (B) Ventral aspect. (C) Frontal aspect of head showing distinct black bands, compared with (D) that of H. tigerinu s (IABHU 3940). (E) Coloration of upper arm of H. litoralis (IABHU 3993), compared with (F) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). (G) Foot of paratype (IABHU 3980), compared with (H) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281064/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C) are more distinct than in its close relatives 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFBFF98FA35FCE2FB08FCF3" box="[1026,1160,802,825]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFBFF98FA35FCE2FB08FCF3" box="[1026,1160,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFBFF98FA88FCE2FAD0FCF3" box="[1215,1360,801,825]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugulosus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFBFF98FA88FCE2FAD0FCF3" box="[1215,1360,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">H. rugulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
where the band widths are uneven and often discontinuous (
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFFBFF98FCD8FC85FCAEFC97" box="[751,814,837,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[183,1421,187,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[179,1423,169,1928]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (IABHU 3993) of Hoplobatrachus litoralis sp. nov. after preservation in alcohol. (A) Dorsal aspect. (B) Ventral aspect. (C) Frontal aspect of head showing distinct black bands, compared with (D) that of H. tigerinu s (IABHU 3940). (E) Coloration of upper arm of H. litoralis (IABHU 3993), compared with (F) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). (G) Foot of paratype (IABHU 3980), compared with (H) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281064/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D). There is a distinct black margin in the inner side of the upper arm in the new species, but such margin absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFBFF98FD0CFCAAFC41FC4B" box="[827,961,874,897]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigernius">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFBFF98FD0CFCAAFC41FC4B" box="[827,961,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">H. tigernius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFFBFF98FDE7FCA9FB8FFC4B" box="[976,1039,873,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[183,1421,187,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[179,1423,169,1928]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (IABHU 3993) of Hoplobatrachus litoralis sp. nov. after preservation in alcohol. (A) Dorsal aspect. (B) Ventral aspect. (C) Frontal aspect of head showing distinct black bands, compared with (D) that of H. tigerinu s (IABHU 3940). (E) Coloration of upper arm of H. litoralis (IABHU 3993), compared with (F) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). (G) Foot of paratype (IABHU 3980), compared with (H) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281064/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
E-F). The inner metatarsal tubercle of the new species is black (
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFFBFF98FFEDFC4DFD9AFC6F" box="[474,538,909,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[183,1421,187,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[179,1423,169,1928]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (IABHU 3993) of Hoplobatrachus litoralis sp. nov. after preservation in alcohol. (A) Dorsal aspect. (B) Ventral aspect. (C) Frontal aspect of head showing distinct black bands, compared with (D) that of H. tigerinu s (IABHU 3940). (E) Coloration of upper arm of H. litoralis (IABHU 3993), compared with (F) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). (G) Foot of paratype (IABHU 3980), compared with (H) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281064/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
G), whereas it is pigmentless in 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFBFF98FDBAFC4EFB95FC6F" box="[909,1045,910,933]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFBFF98FDBAFC4EFB95FC6F" box="[909,1045,910,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFFBFF98FA12FC4DFBE5FC6F" box="[1061,1125,909,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[183,1421,187,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[179,1423,169,1928]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (IABHU 3993) of Hoplobatrachus litoralis sp. nov. after preservation in alcohol. (A) Dorsal aspect. (B) Ventral aspect. (C) Frontal aspect of head showing distinct black bands, compared with (D) that of H. tigerinu s (IABHU 3940). (E) Coloration of upper arm of H. litoralis (IABHU 3993), compared with (F) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). (G) Foot of paratype (IABHU 3980), compared with (H) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281064/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
H). Inter-orbital distance is much narrower than eyelid width and inter-nostril distance in the new species (ELW/E-E = 1.875, N-N/E-E = 1.575, on average), whereas these values are nearly the same in 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFBFF98FD54FC16FC69FC27" box="[867,1001,982,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFBFF98FD54FC16FC69FC27" box="[867,1001,982,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ELW/E-E = 1.060, N-N/E-E = 1.002) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFBFF98FEF1FC3AFED6FBDB" box="[198,342,1017,1041]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugulosus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFBFF98FEF1FC3AFED6FBDB" box="[198,342,1017,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">H. rugulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ELW/E-E = 1.021, N-N/E-E = 1.004).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37D655DFFFBFF91FEFEFBDDFF6BFD4E" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFBFF98FEFEFBDDFB8BFB93" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFBFF98FEFEFBDDFC9DFBFC" bold="true" box="[201,797,1053,1078]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
Description of 
<typeStatus id="54DC8874FFFBFF98FFB3FBDDFE6BFBFF" box="[388,491,1053,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(measurements in mm).
</emphasis>
Vomerine teeth, long oblique lines between choanae. Tongue tip bifurcated. Distinct symphysial knob on anterior edge of lower jaw.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFBFF98FEFEFBA5FF4AFB23" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Head longer than wide (HL: 43.9; HW: 40.2), obtusely pointed. Canthus rostralis blunt. Loreal region concave. Nostril nearer to tip of snout than to eye (S-N: 6.6; N-E: 10.7). Tympanum large, slightly smaller than eye (TD: 8.3; ED: 8.9). Inter-orbital space much narrower than eyelid width and inter-nostril space (E-E: 3.9; ELW: 7.2; N-N: 6.5).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFBFF98FEFEFB35FC64FAFB" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fingers free, finger tips blunt without disk. Finger length F3&gt; F1&gt; F2&gt; F4 (F1: 12.9; F2: 10.3; F3: 13.2; F4: 7.7). Subarticular tubercles moderate. Thenar and palmar tubercles distinct.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFBFF98FEFEFAFDFC2BFA0B" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
Hindlimb about 1.6 times SVL (HLL: 165.3; SVL: 100.6). Femur length subequal to tibia length (FEL: 51.0; TIL: 51.8). Toe tips blunt, slightly rounded. Toe length T4&gt; T5&gt; T3&gt; T2&gt; T1 (T1: 11.8; T2: 17.8; T3: 26.2; T4: 34.6; T5: 27.9). Wide web, reaching the base of toe-tip disk (
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFFBFF98FD57FA45FC22FA57" box="[864,930,1413,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[183,1421,187,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[179,1423,169,1928]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (IABHU 3993) of Hoplobatrachus litoralis sp. nov. after preservation in alcohol. (A) Dorsal aspect. (B) Ventral aspect. (C) Frontal aspect of head showing distinct black bands, compared with (D) that of H. tigerinu s (IABHU 3940). (E) Coloration of upper arm of H. litoralis (IABHU 3993), compared with (F) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). (G) Foot of paratype (IABHU 3980), compared with (H) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281064/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D). Subarticular tubercles were weak. Inner metatarsal tubercle moderate (IMT: 4.6). No outer metatarsal tubercle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFBFF98FEFEFA0EFBAAF9E7" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
Many thin longitudinal ridges on the dorsum (
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFFBFF98FCE7FA0DFC8FFA2F" box="[720,783,1485,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[183,1421,187,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[179,1423,169,1928]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (IABHU 3993) of Hoplobatrachus litoralis sp. nov. after preservation in alcohol. (A) Dorsal aspect. (B) Ventral aspect. (C) Frontal aspect of head showing distinct black bands, compared with (D) that of H. tigerinu s (IABHU 3940). (E) Coloration of upper arm of H. litoralis (IABHU 3993), compared with (F) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). (G) Foot of paratype (IABHU 3980), compared with (H) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281064/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A). Small round warts over dorsal and lateral side. Supratympanic fold from behind eye to posterior margin of tympanum. Weak tarsal ridge extending from proximal end of inner metatarsal tubercle to heel. Ventral side including thigh and tibia smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFBFF98FEFEF9F9FEBEF92B" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFBFF98FEFEF9F9FE14F998" bold="true" box="[201,404,1593,1618]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
Dorsum dark gray with many large black spots (
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFFBFF98FDFAF9F9FB8FF99B" box="[973,1039,1593,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[183,1421,187,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[179,1423,169,1928]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (IABHU 3993) of Hoplobatrachus litoralis sp. nov. after preservation in alcohol. (A) Dorsal aspect. (B) Ventral aspect. (C) Frontal aspect of head showing distinct black bands, compared with (D) that of H. tigerinu s (IABHU 3940). (E) Coloration of upper arm of H. litoralis (IABHU 3993), compared with (F) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). (G) Foot of paratype (IABHU 3980), compared with (H) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281064/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A). Thin whitish mid-dorsal stripe from tip of snout to vent. Lateral side with many small black dots. Wide black band from anterior corner of eye through the nostrils to anterior margin of upper jaw (
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFFBFF98FCCCF941FCBDF953" box="[763,829,1665,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[183,1421,187,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[179,1423,169,1928]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (IABHU 3993) of Hoplobatrachus litoralis sp. nov. after preservation in alcohol. (A) Dorsal aspect. (B) Ventral aspect. (C) Frontal aspect of head showing distinct black bands, compared with (D) that of H. tigerinu s (IABHU 3940). (E) Coloration of upper arm of H. litoralis (IABHU 3993), compared with (F) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). (G) Foot of paratype (IABHU 3980), compared with (H) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281064/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C). Another band on the lateral margin of upper jaw (
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFFBFF98FEA8F965FF5FF977" box="[159,223,1701,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[183,1421,187,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[179,1423,169,1928]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (IABHU 3993) of Hoplobatrachus litoralis sp. nov. after preservation in alcohol. (A) Dorsal aspect. (B) Ventral aspect. (C) Frontal aspect of head showing distinct black bands, compared with (D) that of H. tigerinu s (IABHU 3940). (E) Coloration of upper arm of H. litoralis (IABHU 3993), compared with (F) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). (G) Foot of paratype (IABHU 3980), compared with (H) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281064/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C). Ventral side immaculate, except for large black blotches along the edge of lower jaw to the base of forelimb (
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFFBFF98FEEDF909FE99F92B" box="[218,281,1737,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[183,1421,187,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[179,1423,169,1928]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (IABHU 3993) of Hoplobatrachus litoralis sp. nov. after preservation in alcohol. (A) Dorsal aspect. (B) Ventral aspect. (C) Frontal aspect of head showing distinct black bands, compared with (D) that of H. tigerinu s (IABHU 3940). (E) Coloration of upper arm of H. litoralis (IABHU 3993), compared with (F) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). (G) Foot of paratype (IABHU 3980), compared with (H) that of H. tigerinus (IABHU 3940). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281064/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFBFF98FEFEF92EFBEFF887" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Large transverse black bands on the upper surface of thigh, tibia, and tarsus to the outer edge of foot. Rear side of thigh heavily mottled. Outer side of tarsal ridge dark, whereas inner side yellowish with several dark irregular blotches. Web dark gray, except for whitish upper side of inner web (between toes 1–4).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFBFF9FFEFEF899FE85FED6" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,1978]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,503]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFBFF98FEFEF899FEE0F8B8" bold="true" box="[201,352,1881,1906]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Color in life.</emphasis>
Dorsal ground color varies from yellowish to dark brown with many dark brown to black spots. Large transverse black bands are present on the dorsal surface of the thigh, tibia, and tarsus region (
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFFBFF98FAC1F8BDFABAF85F" box="[1270,1338,1917,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,977,1000]" captionTargetBox="[171,1419,191,953]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,165,968]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (IABHU 3993) of H. litoralis sp. nov. in life. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. Scale bar = 25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281065/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). Middorsal stripe is yellowish white. Bands running from the anterior part of eye to upper jaw margin and on the lateral margin of upper jaw are black. Many fused spots on the posterior surface of thigh are black with thin yellow reticulations between them. Tympanum is dark gray with pale central circle. A short discontinuous black line is present below the eye. Venter is creamy white with a few black blotches from the margin of lower jaw to base of forelimb (
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFFCFF9FFEA8FEC4FF64FED6" box="[159,228,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,977,1000]" captionTargetBox="[171,1419,191,953]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,165,968]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (IABHU 3993) of H. litoralis sp. nov. in life. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. Scale bar = 25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281065/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF18665EFFFAFF99FEA0F8B8FB16F820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281064/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[183,1421,187,1911]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFAFF99FEA0F8B8FB16F820" blockId="3.[151,1437,1912,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFAFF99FEA0F8B8FE93F847" bold="true" box="[151,275,1912,1935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Holotype (IABHU 3993) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFAFF99FC0EF8B8FCB4F844" box="[569,820,1912,1934]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFAFF99FC0EF8B8FCB4F844" box="[569,820,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Hoplobatrachus litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFAFF99FD0DF8B9FC0AF844" bold="true" box="[826,906,1913,1934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22057BFFFFAFF99FD0DF8B9FC0AF844" box="[826,906,1913,1934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
after preservation in alcohol. (A) Dorsal aspect. (B) Ventral aspect. (C) Frontal aspect of head showing distinct black bands, compared with (D) that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFAFF99FA4AF858FB6CF867" box="[1149,1260,1944,1965]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinu">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFAFF99FA4AF858FB6CF867" box="[1149,1260,1944,1965]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">H. tigerinu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s (IABHU 3940). (E) Coloration of upper arm of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFAFF99FFE0F876FDC6F801" box="[471,582,1973,1995]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFAFF99FFE0F876FE69F801" box="[471,489,1974,1995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFAFF99FFC1F875FDC6F801" box="[502,582,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IABHU 3993), compared with (F) that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFAFF99FA37F876FBF9F801" box="[1024,1145,1974,1995]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFAFF99FA37F876FBF9F801" box="[1024,1145,1974,1995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IABHU 3940). (G) Foot of paratype (IABHU 3980), compared with (H) that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFAFF99FC9EF815FCA2F820" box="[681,802,2005,2026]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFAFF99FC9EF815FCA2F820" box="[681,802,2005,2026]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IABHU 3940). Scale bar = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF18665EFFFDFF9EFEA0FC11FAF8FC22" box="[151,1400,977,1000]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281065/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[171,1419,191,953]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFDFF9EFEA0FC11FAF8FC22" blockId="4.[151,1400,977,1000]" box="[151,1400,977,1000]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFDFF9EFEA0FC11FE93FC2D" bold="true" box="[151,275,977,1000]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Holotype (IABHU 3993) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFDFF9EFC0EFC13FD28FC22" box="[569,680,978,1000]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFDFF9EFC0EFC13FD28FC22" box="[569,680,978,1000]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFDFF9EFC99FC12FD7FFC2D" bold="true" box="[686,767,978,999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22057BFFFFDFF9EFC99FC12FD7FFC2D" box="[686,767,978,999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in life. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. Scale bar = 25 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFCFF9FFEFEFEE7FD5AFEAD" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFEFEFEE7FEBEFE8A" bold="true" box="[201,318,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Variation.</emphasis>
Males have a pair of gray (in alcohol) subgular vocal sac on the underside of the jaw angle, and a well-developed nuptial pad on the base of 1st finger.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFCFF9FFEFEFEB2FD06FE3D" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
Of the 
<specimenCount id="9D61FD5FFFFCFF9FFF21FEB2FE2EFE40" box="[278,430,370,394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="generic">26 specimens</specimenCount>
examined, three (12%) lacked a mid-dorsal stripe. A broad mid-dorsal stripe, often found in 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFCFF9FFE82FE58FEB1FE65" box="[181,305,408,431]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFE82FE58FEB1FE65" box="[181,305,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Fejervarya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, was absent. Number and size of dark spots along the margin of the lower jaw varied, and only one specimen lacked these spots. Usually, the lateral upper jaw stripe is continuous, but in 
<specimenCount id="9D61FD5FFFFCFF9FFAD2FE7AFAF1FE18" box="[1253,1393,442,466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
the stripe is fragmented into irregular markings.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF18665EFFFCFF9FFEA0F979FBE9F8E6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281066/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[389,1193,545,1670]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFCFF9FFEA0F979FBE9F8E6" blockId="5.[151,1436,1721,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFEA0F979FE92F905" bold="true" box="[151,274,1721,1744]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
(A) Scatterplot of individual discriminant scores on the first (CA1) and second canonical axes (CA2) for 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFCFF9FFB0BF97BFF2FF925" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFB0BF97BFF2FF925" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(circle), 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFCFF9FFF3DF91AFE02F925" box="[266,386,1754,1775]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFF3DF91AFE02F925" box="[266,386,1754,1775]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(triangle), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFCFF9FFC2AF91AFD1FF925" box="[541,671,1753,1775]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugulosus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFC2AF91AFD1FF925" box="[541,671,1753,1775]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">H. rugulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(rectangle). (B) Scatterplot of principal component 1 (PRN1) versus principal component 2 (PRN2) from the principal component analysis of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFCFF9FFD0AF939FC2CF8C7" box="[829,940,1783,1806]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFD0AF939FC2CF8C7" box="[829,940,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(circle), 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFCFF9FFA30F939FBFFF8C4" box="[1031,1151,1785,1806]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFA30F939FBFFF8C4" box="[1031,1151,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(triangle), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFCFF9FFB2DF939FA1CF8C7" box="[1306,1436,1783,1806]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugulosus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFB2DF939FA1CF8C7" box="[1306,1436,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">H. rugulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(rectangle). In each species males were marked as solid and females were marked as open icons.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFCFF9CFEFEF898FAE3FF1E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1880,2013]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,572]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFEFEF898FD9EF8BB" bold="true" box="[201,542,1880,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Morphological comparisons.</emphasis>
Among the three 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFCFF9FFCD0F899FC1DF8BB" box="[743,925,1881,1905]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFCD0F899FC1DF8BB" box="[743,925,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Hoplobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFFCFF9FFA2FF899FB1BF8BB" box="[1048,1179,1881,1905]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFCFF9FFA9CF89AFAA6F8BB" box="[1195,1318,1881,1905]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFA9CF89AFAA6F8BB" box="[1195,1318,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFCFF9FFB03F89AFF3EF85F" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFB03F89AFF3EF85F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFCFF9FFECAF8BEFEF4F85F" box="[253,372,1918,1941]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFECAF8BEFEF4F85F" box="[253,372,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">H. crassus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFCFF9FFFBAF8BEFD84F85F" box="[397,516,1918,1941]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFFBAF8BEFD84F85F" box="[397,516,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">H. crassus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguishable from the other two by large shovel-like inner metatarsal tubercle and usual occurrence of large dark dots in the gular and pectoral region. In the following, we compare the morphological characters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFCFF9FFFEDF806FDD5F817" box="[474,597,1989,2013]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFFEDF806FDD5F817" box="[474,597,1989,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFCFF9FFCCFF806FCFFF817" box="[760,895,1990,2013]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFCCFF806FCFFF817" box="[760,895,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFCFF9FFD81F806FBC7F817" box="[950,1095,1989,2013]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugulosus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFD81F806FBC7F817" box="[950,1095,1989,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">H. rugulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFCFF9FFA62F805FA01F817" box="[1109,1409,1989,2013]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugulosus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFCFF9FFA62F805FA01F817" box="[1109,1409,1989,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is so similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFFFF9CFF1CFF59FE32FF7A" box="[299,434,153,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFFFF9CFF1CFF59FE32FF7A" box="[299,434,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that it was previously regarded as a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFFFF9CFA38FF59FB16FF7A" box="[1039,1174,153,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFFFF9CFA38FF59FB16FF7A" box="[1039,1174,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Because 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFFFF9CFB3DFF59FA1BFF7A" box="[1290,1435,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugulosus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFFFF9CFB3DFF59FA1BFF7A" box="[1290,1435,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">H. rugulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFFFFF9CFF34FF7DFEF2FF1F" box="[259,370,189,213]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, just adjacent to the distribution range of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFFFF9CFD74FF7DFC3EFF1E" box="[835,958,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFFFF9CFD74FF7DFC3EFF1E" box="[835,958,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, comparisons of the two are relevant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFFFF9CFEFEFF1FFF52FE3E" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
All specimens (n = 15) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFFFF9CFFD8FF21FDF6FF32" box="[495,630,225,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFFFF9CFFD8FF21FDF6FF32" box="[495,630,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mymensingh, 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFFFFF9CFD6BFF1FFC5EFF3D" box="[860,990,223,247]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
had a thin mid-dorsal stripe. Five specimens (33%) had a thin yellowish stripe along the inner side of the tibia, usually extending over the upper side of the thigh to the base of the thigh. This line was not observed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFFFF9CFD6BFEE9FC57FE8A" box="[860,983,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFFFF9CFD6BFEE9FC57FE8A" box="[860,983,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The underside of the mandible is finely dotted in most specimens. A marginal stripe along the jaw margin is usually fragmented into narrow irregular markings. The stripe from the eye through the nostrils to the anterior edge of the upper jaw is not as broad as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFFFF9CFBB6FEB1FF70FE66" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFFFF9CFBB6FEB1FF70FE66" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is usually fragmented. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFFFF9CFC77FE55FD45FE66" box="[576,709,405,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFFFF9CFC77FE55FD45FE66" box="[576,709,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the broad light line from behind the eye to the groin is more distinct than in 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFFFF9CFF13FE79FE27FE1A" box="[292,423,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFFFF9CFF13FE79FE23FE1A" box="[292,419,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">H. litoralis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Webs are mottled with an irregular dark pattern, in contrast to the uniform gray in 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFFFF9CFB7CFE79FF52FE3E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFFFF9CFB7CFE79FF4EFE3E" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">H. litoralis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFFFF9CFEFEFE3FFA9BFDF6" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
Specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFFFF9CFF5BFDC1FE7EFDD2" box="[364,510,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugulosus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFFFF9CFF5BFDC1FE7EFDD2" box="[364,510,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">H. rugulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFFFFF9CFC70FE3FFD2BFDDD" box="[583,683,511,535]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(n = 7) lacked a mid-dorsal stripe. The snout was rounded rather than pointed. The dorsal dermal ridges were wider and shorter than that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFFFF9CFDEAFDE5FBD8FDF6" box="[989,1112,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFFFF9CFDEAFDE5FBD8FDF6" box="[989,1112,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFFFF9CFAB9FDE5FA94FDF6" box="[1166,1300,549,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFFFF9CFAB9FDE5FA94FDF6" box="[1166,1300,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF18665EFFFFFF9CFEA0F8ABFA17F814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281067/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[332,1269,625,1873]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFFFF9CFEA0F8ABFA17F814" blockId="6.[151,1436,1899,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFFFF9CFEA0F8ABFE93F84B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1899,1922]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Sound spectrograms showing advertisement call structure of 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFFFF9CFDB2F8ADFC7CF848" box="[901,1020,1900,1922]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFFFF9CFDB2F8ADFC79F848" box="[901,1017,1900,1922]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">H. litoralis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The same call analyzed by FlatTop (A) and Hamming window (B). Abscissa: time in s. Ordinate: frequency in kHz. The continuous broad band at about 2.5 kHz is chirps of an insect. The call of several male individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFFFF9CFD37F86AFCF1F875" box="[768,881,1961,1983]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFFFF9CFD37F86AFC92F875" box="[768,786,1962,1983]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFFFF9CFD16F869FCF1F875" box="[801,881,1961,1983]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded from Ukhia, Cox’s Bazar district on 19 June, 2011 just after sunset and their voucher specimen numbers are involved in those of molecular analyses, but not specified.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF18665EFFFEFF9DFEA0F8CDFAFAF816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281068/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[213,1381,195,1777]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFFEFF9DFEA0F8CDFAFAF816" blockId="7.[151,1437,1805,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFEFF9DFEA0F8CDFE92F8E9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1805,1828]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on the nucleotides sequence of 1078 bp of mitochondrial (
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFEFF9DFAD3F8CEFA8AF8EE" box="[1252,1290,1806,1828]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">16S</emphasis>
+ 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFEFF9DFB13F8CEFAD4F8EE" box="[1316,1364,1806,1828]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Cytb</emphasis>
) genes with 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFEFF9DFEFDF8EDFE47F889" box="[202,455,1837,1859]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Euphlyctis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanophlyctis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFEFF9DFEFDF8EDFE47F889" box="[202,455,1837,1859]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFFEFF9DFFCEF8EEFD19F889" box="[505,665,1837,1859]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Euphlyctis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexadactylus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFEFF9DFFCEF8EEFD88F889" box="[505,520,1838,1859]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">E</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFEFF9DFC22F8EDFD19F889" box="[533,665,1837,1859]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">hexadactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as out groups. The most parsimonious and Bayesian analyses reconstructed the same tree topology. Numbers near branches represent bootstrap support for ML and MP inferences, and Bayesian posterior probability (ML–BPs/MP–BPs/BPP). The scale bar represents 0.1 nucleotide substitutions per site. The superscript letters indicate that the 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFEFF9DFF29F848FEC4F854" box="[286,324,1928,1950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">16S</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFFEFF9DFF4DF848FE2AF854" box="[378,426,1928,1950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Cytb</emphasis>
data were taken from Alam et al. (2008) for constructing this tree. a) 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFABDF848FB7CF854" box="[1162,1276,1928,1950]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB272594" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB272594</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFB3FF849FAFAF854" box="[1288,1402,1929,1950]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB274137" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB274137</accessionNumber>
; b) 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFEA0F868FE88F877" box="[151,264,1960,1981]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB290412" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB290412</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFF2EF868FE0BF877" box="[281,395,1960,1981]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB274139" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB274139</accessionNumber>
; c) 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFF8CF868FDADF877" box="[443,557,1960,1981]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB290417" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB290417</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFC0AF867FD2FF877" box="[573,687,1959,1981]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB290601" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB290601</accessionNumber>
; d) 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFCD6F868FCD3F877" box="[737,851,1960,1981]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB290414" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB290414</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFD54F867FC55F877" box="[867,981,1959,1981]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB290603" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB290603</accessionNumber>
; e) 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFA32F867FBF7F877" box="[1029,1143,1959,1981]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB272596" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB272596</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFAB0F868FB79F877" box="[1159,1273,1960,1981]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB274144" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB274144</accessionNumber>
; f) 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFB10F868FA19F877" box="[1319,1433,1960,1981]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB290413" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB290413</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFEA0F806FE89F816" box="[151,265,1990,2012]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB290597" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB290597</accessionNumber>
; g) 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFF18F806FE21F816" box="[303,417,1990,2012]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB272599" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB272599</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFF9DF806FD9CF811" box="[426,540,1990,2011]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB274148" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB274148</accessionNumber>
; h) 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFC75F806FD34F816" box="[578,692,1990,2012]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB272600" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB272600</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFC89F806FCB0F816" box="[702,816,1990,2012]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB274150" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB274150</accessionNumber>
; i) 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFD67F806FC42F816" box="[848,962,1990,2012]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB272601" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB272601</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFDFBF806FBBCF816" box="[972,1084,1990,2012]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB274151" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB274151</accessionNumber>
and j) 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFAB5F806FB74F816" box="[1154,1268,1990,2012]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB272605" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB272605</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber id="9434AB35FFFEFF9DFB33F806FAF6F816" box="[1284,1398,1990,2012]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB274163" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">AB274163</accessionNumber>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF18665EFFF1FF92FEA0FC65FB66FBE3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281069/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[151,1436,167,920]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFF1FF92FEA0FC65FB66FBE3" blockId="8.[151,1436,933,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FEA0FC65FE95FC71" bold="true" box="[151,277,933,956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
(A) Map showing the approximate distribution areas of all Asian 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FDFFFC66FBEDFC76" box="[968,1133,934,956]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FDFFFC66FBEDFC76" box="[968,1133,934,956]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Hoplobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species based on Frost 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FB50FC67FA1CFC76" box="[1383,1436,934,956]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
(2011) and Alam 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FF7CFC0EFEFFFC29" box="[331,383,973,995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
(2008). (B) Bangladesh map showing the collecting localities of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FA2CFC0EFB0BFC29" box="[1051,1163,973,995]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FA2CFC0EFB0BFC29" box="[1051,1163,973,995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is indicated by (closed triangle) and, the collecting localities of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FC04FC36FD2CFBC1" box="[563,684,1014,1035]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FC04FC36FD2CFBC1" box="[563,684,1014,1035]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FCE9FC36FCCAFBC1" box="[734,842,1014,1035]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FCE9FC36FCCAFBC1" box="[734,842,1014,1035]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H. crassus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are indicated by (closed circle) and (closed square), respectively. Each locality was used for molecular analysis, and the boxed locality was used for morphology.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFF1FF92FEFEFB8FFA0FF961" blockId="8.[151,1437,1103,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
There are several old nomina which have been treated as junior synonyms of currently recognized 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FB27FB90FF4BFB46" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FB27FB90FF4BFB46" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Hoplobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FF07FBB5FDDBFB46" authority="Lesson, 1834" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1834" box="[304,603,1140,1164]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brama">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FF07FBB5FE3BFB46" box="[304,443,1140,1164]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Rana brama</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B27FFF1FF92FFF4FBB5FDDBFB46" author="Lesson" box="[451,603,1140,1164]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Lesson, R. - P. (1834) Reptiles. In: Belanger, C. (Ed.), Voyage aux Indes-Orientales, par le nord de l'Europe, les provinces du Caucase, la Georgie, l'Armenie et la Perse, suivi de details topographiques, statistiques et autres sur le Pegou, les Isles de Java, de Maurice et de Bourbon, sur le Cap-de-bonne-Esperance et Sainte-Helene, pendant ... 1825 - 29. Zoologie (Texte) [Octavo] and Atlas [Quarto]. Arthus Bertrand, Paris, 291 - 336." type="book chapter" year="1834">Lesson, 1834</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a large frog described from Bengale, was reported as having very smooth surface, depressed dorsum, and short depressed head. Femur is much shorter than tibia. Obviously, 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FAC6FB59FAECFB7A" box="[1265,1388,1176,1200]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FAC6FB59FAECFB7A" box="[1265,1388,1176,1200]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FF3FFB7DFEF1FB1E" box="[264,369,1212,1236]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brama">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FF3FFB7DFEF1FB1E" box="[264,369,1212,1236]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">R. brama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in these characteristics. 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FCBEFB7CFB98FB1E" authority="Theobald, 1868" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1868" box="[649,1048,1212,1236]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frithi">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FCBEFB7CFCDFFB1E" box="[649,863,1212,1236]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Pyxicephalus frithi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B27FFF1FF92FD50FB7CFB98FB1E" author="Theobald" box="[871,1048,1212,1236]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Theobald, W. (1868) Catalogue of reptiles in the Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 37, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1868">Theobald, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
described from Jessore, SW 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF1FF92FB52FB7DFF6DFB3D" name="Bangladesh" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
was reported to have quite smooth skin and uniform vinous coloration. These do not fit 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FAE1FB21FAD9FB32" box="[1238,1369,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FAE1FB21FAD5FB32" box="[1238,1365,1248,1272]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">H. litoralis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FB57FB21FE2EFAD6" authority="Annandale, 1910" authorityName="Annandale" authorityYear="1910" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burkilli">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FB57FB21FF6AFAD6" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Rana burkilli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B27FFF1FF92FEC7FAC4FE2EFAD6" author="Annandale" box="[240,430,1284,1308]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Annandale, N. (1910) An undescribed Burmes frog allied to Rana tigerina- Records of the Indian Museum. Calcutta, 79 pp." type="book" year="1910">Annandale, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was described from Tavoy, 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF1FF92FCD1FAC5FCD5FAD7" box="[742,853,1285,1309]" name="Myanmar" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
. This species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FA4CFAC5FB75FAD6" box="[1147,1269,1284,1308]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FA4CFAC5FB75FAD6" box="[1147,1269,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having ventral surface “marked with black, the markings sometimes taking on a reticulate character all over the belly”. The inner metatarsal tubercle was described as feebly developed, but 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FD49FA8DFC7BFAAE" box="[894,1019,1356,1380]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FD49FA8DFC7BFAAE" box="[894,1019,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has well-developed inner metatarsal tubercle. 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FEC9FAB5FE16FA46" box="[254,406,1396,1420]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FEC9FAB5FE16FA46" box="[254,406,1396,1420]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Rana gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(not of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B27FFF1FF92FFDAFAB3FD38FA41" author="Gravenhorst" box="[493,696,1395,1419]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Gravenhorst, J. L. C. (1829) Deliciae Musei Zoologici Vratislaviensis. Fasciculus primus. Chelonios et Batrachia. Leipzig: Leopold Voss. 39." type="book chapter" year="1829">Gravenhorst 1829</bibRefCitation>
) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B27FFF1FF92FCF1FAB3FC02FA41" author="Boulenger" box="[710,898,1395,1419]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1920) A monograph of the South Asian, Papuan, Melanesian and Australian frogs of the genus Rana. Records of the Indian Museum. Calcutta pp. 141 - 142." type="book chapter" year="1920">Boulenger, 1920</bibRefCitation>
, a small frog (SVL 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFF1FF92FA6BFAB3FB2BFA41" box="[1116,1195,1395,1419]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
for male, 41 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFF1FF92FB79FAB3FA1CFA41" box="[1358,1436,1395,1419]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="64.0">64 mm</quantity>
for female) described from 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF1FF92FFFEFA57FDB9FA65" box="[457,569,1431,1455]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, was disclosed as having an oval inner metatarsal tubercle and smooth skin or feebly granulate above. 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FF84FA7DFC21FA19" authority="Stocliczka 1870" authorityName="Stocliczka" authorityYear="1870" box="[435,929,1467,1492]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="gracilis" variety="pulla">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FF84FA7DFD4BFA1E" box="[435,715,1468,1492]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Rana gracilis var. pulla</emphasis>
(Stocliczka 1870)
</taxonomicName>
described from Penang hill, 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF1FF92FAC9FA7BFAE5FA19" box="[1278,1381,1467,1491]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
was reported to be a very small frog (SVL is 7/ 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFF1FF92FC45FA1FFD35FA3D" box="[626,693,1503,1527]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" unit="in" value="8.0">8 inch</quantity>
[&lt;
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFF1FF92FCEBFA1FFCAEFA3D" box="[732,814,1503,1527]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
] and HLL is 1 1/ 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFF1FF92FDDEFA1FFBAFFA3D" box="[1001,1071,1503,1527]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" unit="in" value="2.0">2 inch</quantity>
[nearly 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFF1FF92FABBFA1FFB76FA3D" box="[1164,1270,1503,1527]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="38.1">38.1 mm</quantity>
]). 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FB27FA1FFEB1F9D6" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="littoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FB27FA1FFEB1F9D6" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Hoplobatrachus littoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from both 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FC55F9C5FD56F9D6" box="[610,726,1540,1564]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FC55F9C5FDF3F9D6" box="[610,627,1541,1564]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">R</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FCB7F9C4FD56F9D6" box="[640,726,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FD3CF9C5FC6FF9D6" box="[779,1007,1540,1564]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="gracilis" variety="pulla">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FD3CF9C5FC6FF9D6" box="[779,1007,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">R. gracilis var. pulla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
considering its very large size (SVL = 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFF1FF92FEA0F9E7FE89F9F5" box="[151,265,1575,1599]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.995999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="89.96">89.96 mm</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFF1FF92FF08F9E7FE42F9F5" box="[319,450,1575,1599]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0142" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="101.42">101.42 mm</quantity>
; and HLL = 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFF1FF92FC66F9E7FD51F9F5" box="[593,721,1575,1599]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4385" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="143.85">143.85 mm</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFF1FF92FD3FF9E7FC08F9F5" box="[776,904,1575,1599]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5974" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="159.74">159.74 mm</quantity>
for male and female, respectively). The skin of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FEA0F98DFE96F9AE" box="[151,278,1612,1636]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FEA0F98DFE96F9AE" box="[151,278,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rough and its inner metatarsal tubercle is comparatively elongated rather than oval. 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FB2AF98DFEE9F94D" authority="Gravenhorst, 1829" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picta">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FB2AF98DFA1CF9AE" box="[1309,1436,1613,1636]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Rana picta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B27FFF1FF92FEA0F9AFFEE9F94D" author="Gravenhorst" box="[151,361,1647,1671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Gravenhorst, J. L. C. (1829) Deliciae Musei Zoologici Vratislaviensis. Fasciculus primus. Chelonios et Batrachia. Leipzig: Leopold Voss. 39." type="book chapter" year="1829">Gravenhorst, 1829</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
whose 
<typeStatus id="54DC8874FFF1FF92FFF6F9B0FE71F942" box="[449,497,1648,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
locality is unknown (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B27FFF1FF92FCDDF9AFFCE6F94D" author="Frost" box="[746,870,1647,1671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Frost, D. R. (2011) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.5. Electronic Database accessible at http: // research. amnh. org / vz / herpetology / amphibia / American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA (accessed 26 September 2011)." type="journal article" year="2011">Frost 2011</bibRefCitation>
) was reported to have three spots below one eye and there is no trace of tubercle on dorsal skin. These characteristics do not fit with the new species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FB3AF955FA08F966" box="[1293,1416,1684,1708]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FB3AF955FAA1F966" box="[1293,1313,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FB18F954FA08F966" box="[1327,1416,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFF1FF92FEFEF977FC7CF8F1" blockId="8.[151,1437,1103,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FEFEF977FD9FF91A" bold="true" box="[201,543,1719,1744]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Morphometric comparisons.</emphasis>
Measurements of 29 body parts of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FD81F978FBB3F905" box="[950,1075,1719,1743]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FD81F978FBB3F905" box="[950,1075,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FA75F978FB49F905" box="[1090,1225,1720,1743]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FA75F978FB49F905" box="[1090,1225,1720,1743]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FB3DF978FA1BF905" box="[1290,1435,1719,1743]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugulosus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FB3DF978FA1BF905" box="[1290,1435,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H. rugulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are summarized in Table 1. Mean SVL of males differs significantly (U test, P &lt;0.05) between the three species, but that of females does not. Size of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FC7BF8C1FD4BF8DD" box="[588,715,1791,1816]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FC7BF8C1FD4BF8DD" box="[588,715,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is slightly smaller than that of the other two species. SVL of females is larger than that of males (P &lt;0.05) in 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FC84F8E5FCAEF8F6" box="[691,814,1828,1852]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FC84F8E5FCAEF8F6" box="[691,814,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FD53F8E5FC75F8F6" box="[868,1013,1828,1852]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugulosus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FD53F8E5FC75F8F6" box="[868,1013,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H. rugulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFF1FF92FEFEF887FEFEF825" blockId="8.[151,1437,1103,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
The three species are clearly separated by canonical discriminant analysis (
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFF1FF92FA15F887FBE6F895" box="[1058,1126,1863,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[389,1193,545,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[372,1211,532,1687]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A) Scatterplot of individual discriminant scores on the first (CA 1) and second canonical axes (CA 2) for H. litoralis (circle), H. tigerinus (triangle), and H. rugulosus (rectangle). (B) Scatterplot of principal component 1 (PRN 1) versus principal component 2 (PRN 2) from the principal component analysis of H. litoralis (circle), H. tigerinus (triangle), and H. rugulosus (rectangle). In each species males were marked as solid and females were marked as open icons." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281066/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A). Eigenvalues are 11.606 for function 1, and 5.684 for function 2. Coefficients for function 1 are large especially in E-E, N-N, N-E, HAL, and ED for function 1 and in E-E, HAL, TD, and TIL for function 2. In principal component analysis (
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFF1FF92FB23F84FFAD6F86D" box="[1300,1366,1935,1959]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[389,1193,545,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[372,1211,532,1687]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A) Scatterplot of individual discriminant scores on the first (CA 1) and second canonical axes (CA 2) for H. litoralis (circle), H. tigerinus (triangle), and H. rugulosus (rectangle). (B) Scatterplot of principal component 1 (PRN 1) versus principal component 2 (PRN 2) from the principal component analysis of H. litoralis (circle), H. tigerinus (triangle), and H. rugulosus (rectangle). In each species males were marked as solid and females were marked as open icons." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281066/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B), 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FBB6F851FF70F806" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FBB6F851FF70F806" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
made completely separate cluster from 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FC80F875FCD0F806" box="[695,848,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FC80F875FCCCF806" box="[695,844,1972,1996]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugulosus">H. rugulosus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but the scores of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FA2AF875FB19F806" box="[1053,1177,1972,1996]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FA2AF875FB19F806" box="[1053,1177,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF1FF92FAE5F875FAD9F806" box="[1234,1369,1973,1996]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF1FF92FAE5F875FAD9F806" box="[1234,1369,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
overlapped considerably.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFF0FF93FEFEFF57FB62FE8A" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
Body ratios relative to SVL (e.g., HL/SVL and HW/SVL) and 10 other ratios (e.g., HL/HW and S-N/N-E) are shown in Table 2, and the results of the Mann-Whitney U test between ratios of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF0FF93FA2CFF7DFB16FF1E" box="[1051,1174,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF0FF93FA2CFF7DFB16FF1E" box="[1051,1174,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF0FF93FAF3FF7DFACAFF1E" box="[1220,1354,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF0FF93FAF3FF7DFACAFF1E" box="[1220,1354,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF0FF93FBB6FF7DFE85FF32" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugulosus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF0FF93FBB6FF7DFE85FF32" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">H. rugulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are shown in Table 3. Mean values of ED/SVL, ELW/SVL, ED/E-E, N-N/E-E, and ELW/E-E are significantly large (P &lt;0.01) in 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF0FF93FF8CFEC5FDB7FED6" box="[443,567,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF0FF93FF8CFEC5FDB7FED6" box="[443,567,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
compared with those in 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF0FF93FD66FEC5FC58FED6" box="[849,984,261,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF0FF93FD66FEC5FC58FED6" box="[849,984,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF0FF93FA27FEC5FB29FED6" box="[1040,1193,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF0FF93FA27FEC5FB25FED6" box="[1040,1189,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugulosus">H. rugulosus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
These are apparently derived from relatively large ED, ELW, and N-N and relatively small SVL and E-E of 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF0FF93FA57FEE9FB62FE8A" box="[1120,1250,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF0FF93FA57FEE9FB5EFE8A" box="[1120,1246,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">H. litoralis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFF3FF90FEFEF8E5FAC6F842" blockId="10.[151,1437,1829,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF3FF90FEFEF8E5FE3BF8F7" bold="true" box="[201,443,1829,1854]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Advertisement calls.</emphasis>
Advertisement calls of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF3FF90FCF3F8E6FCBFF8F7" box="[708,831,1829,1853]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF3FF90FCF3F8E6FCBFF8F7" box="[708,831,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are low-pitched groans emitted at about 
<geoCoordinate id="EE535011FFF3FF90FB33F8E5FAB9F8F7" box="[1284,1337,1829,1853]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" precision="5555" value="-4.4">4.4 s</geoCoordinate>
interval. Mean call duration is 
<geoCoordinate id="EE535011FFF3FF90FFBAF889FE51F8AB" box="[397,465,1865,1889]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" precision="555" value="-0.28">0.28 s</geoCoordinate>
(n = 34). The call is composed of about 20 rapidly repeating pulses (
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFF3FF90FAEAF889FAA1F8AB" box="[1245,1313,1865,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1899,1922]" captionTargetBox="[332,1269,625,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[328,1269,625,1880]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Sound spectrograms showing advertisement call structure of H. litoralis. The same call analyzed by FlatTop (A) and Hamming window (B). Abscissa: time in s. Ordinate: frequency in kHz. The continuous broad band at about 2.5 kHz is chirps of an insect. The call of several male individuals of H. litoralis was recorded from Ukhia, Cox’s Bazar district on 19 June, 2011 just after sunset and their voucher specimen numbers are involved in those of molecular analyses, but not specified." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281067/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A). Fundamental frequency is 0.30 kHz and the 3rd and 4th harmonic bands (at about 1.2 kHz) are dominant (
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFF3FF90FAD6F8B0FAA5F842" box="[1249,1317,1904,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1899,1922]" captionTargetBox="[332,1269,625,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[328,1269,625,1880]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Sound spectrograms showing advertisement call structure of H. litoralis. The same call analyzed by FlatTop (A) and Hamming window (B). Abscissa: time in s. Ordinate: frequency in kHz. The continuous broad band at about 2.5 kHz is chirps of an insect. The call of several male individuals of H. litoralis was recorded from Ukhia, Cox’s Bazar district on 19 June, 2011 just after sunset and their voucher specimen numbers are involved in those of molecular analyses, but not specified." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281067/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFF3FF91FEFEF855FBD3FF3D" blockId="10.[151,1437,1829,2036]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,1618]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B27FFF3FF90FEFEF855FE77F866" author="Roy" box="[201,503,1940,1965]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Roy, D. &amp; Elepfandt, A. (1993) Bioacoustic analysis of frog calls from northeast India. Journal of Biosciences, 18, 381 - 393." type="journal article" year="1993">Roy and Elepfandt (1993)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B27FFF3FF90FC01F854FCC5F866" box="[566,837,1940,1964]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Kanamadi, R. D., Hiremath, C. R. &amp; Schneider, H. (1994) Advertisement calls of two anuran amphibians, Rana tigrina and Tomopterna breviceps. Journal of Biosciences, 19, 75 - 80." type="journal article">
Kanamadi 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF3FF90FC83F855FD69F866" box="[692,745,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. (1994)
</bibRefCitation>
reported the acoustic features of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF3FF90FAE6F855FADAF866" box="[1233,1370,1941,1964]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF3FF90FAE6F855FB65F866" box="[1233,1253,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF3FF90FAC0F855FADAF866" box="[1271,1370,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from northeast 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF3FF90FF32F878FEBFF81A" box="[261,319,1976,2000]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">India</collectingCountry>
(Assam and Meghalaya) and southwest 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF3FF90FD30F878FCC1F81A" box="[775,833,1976,2000]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">India</collectingCountry>
(Karnataka), respectively. Call durations are reported as 
<geoCoordinate id="EE535011FFF3FF90FE82F81CFF78F83E" box="[181,248,2012,2036]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" precision="555" value="-0.3">0.30 s</geoCoordinate>
(NE 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF3FF90FF03F81CFEEFF83E" box="[308,367,2012,2036]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">India</collectingCountry>
) and 
<geoCoordinate id="EE535011FFF3FF90FF9AF81CFE70F83E" box="[429,496,2012,2036]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" precision="555" value="-0.22">0.22 s</geoCoordinate>
(SW 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF3FF90FC07F81CFDEEF83E" box="[560,622,2012,2036]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">India</collectingCountry>
); these values do not differ significantly from those of 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF3FF90FAE5F81DFAD4F83E" box="[1234,1364,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF3FF90FAE5F81DFAD0F83E" box="[1234,1360,2012,2036]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">H. litoralis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Dominant frequency bands in 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FF87FF59FDB5FF7A" box="[432,565,153,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FF87FF59FDB5FF7A" box="[432,565,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are 1.65 kHz and 0.52 kHz in NE 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF2FF91FD83FF57FC6EFF65" box="[948,1006,151,175]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">India</collectingCountry>
populations and 1.5–2.2 kHz and 0.2– 1.2 kHz in SW 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF2FF91FF71FF7CFE00FF1E" box="[326,384,188,212]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">India</collectingCountry>
populations. These dual-dominant bands are absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FDDBFF7DFBE8FF1E" box="[1004,1128,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FDDBFF7DFBE8FF1E" box="[1004,1128,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The number of pulses in a call is larger in 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FF73FF21FE40FF32" box="[324,448,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FF73FF21FE40FF32" box="[324,448,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FC2DFF21FD20FF32" box="[538,672,225,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FC2DFF21FD20FF32" box="[538,672,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFF2FF91FC87FF1FFD69FF3D" box="[688,745,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" unit="in" value="16.0">16 in</quantity>
NE 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF2FF91FD2AFF1FFCD7FF3D" box="[797,855,223,247]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">India</collectingCountry>
and 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFF2FF91FDBBFF1FFC5AFF3D" box="[908,986,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2003999999999997" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" unit="in" value="12.6">12.6 in</quantity>
SE 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF2FF91FA3EFF1FFBC8FF3D" box="[1033,1096,223,247]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">India</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFF2FF91FEFEFEC4FAF8FEF5" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1618]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
Advertisement calls of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FFFAFEC5FCCDFED6" authority="Kanamadi et al. 1992" authorityName="Kanamadi et al." authorityYear="1992" box="[461,845,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FFFAFEC5FDC3FED6" box="[461,579,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">H. crassus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B27FFF2FF91FC65FEC4FCC5FED6" author="Kanamadi" box="[594,837,260,284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Kanamadi, R. D., Hiremath, C. R. &amp; Schneider, H. (1992) Vocalization and breeding period in the south Indian tropical frog Rana crassa (Jerdon). Zoologisher Anzeiger, 228, 26 - 31." type="journal article" year="1992">
Kanamadi 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FCFAFEC5FD7EFED6" box="[717,766,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 1992
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
are different from those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FAB4FEC5FB7EFED6" box="[1155,1278,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FAB4FEC5FB7EFED6" box="[1155,1278,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FB03FEC5FF3EFE8A" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FB03FEC5FF3EFE8A" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with regard to distinctly few number of pulse groups (2-4 per call) and show many intense harmonic bands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFF2FF91FEFEFE8BFF6BFD4E" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1618]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FEFEFE8BFC6AFEAE" bold="true" box="[201,1002,331,356]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Divergence in mitochondrial 16S rRNA and Cytb gene sequences.</emphasis>
The average sequence divergence for 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FEA0FEB0FF41FE42" box="[151,193,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">16S</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FECAFEB0FEB2FE42" box="[253,306,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Cytb</emphasis>
was 3.2% and 14.2%, respectively, between 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FD77FEB1FC3FFE42" box="[832,959,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FD77FEB1FC3FFE42" box="[832,959,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Cox’s Bazar and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FAE4FEB1FADBFE42" box="[1235,1371,369,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FAE4FEB1FADBFE42" box="[1235,1371,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mymensingh, while these values were only 2.1% and 9.1%, respectively, between the Mymensingh and Western Ghats populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FFBBFE79FD94FE1A" box="[396,532,441,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FFBBFE79FD94FE1A" box="[396,532,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFF2FF91FC12FE77FDEBFE05" box="[549,619,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1805,1828]" captionTargetBox="[213,1381,195,1777]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[213,1382,193,1778]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on the nucleotides sequence of 1078 bp of mitochondrial (16 S + Cytb) genes with Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis and E. hexadactylus as out groups. The most parsimonious and Bayesian analyses reconstructed the same tree topology. Numbers near branches represent bootstrap support for ML and MP inferences, and Bayesian posterior probability (ML – BPs / MP – BPs / BPP). The scale bar represents 0.1 nucleotide substitutions per site. The superscript letters indicate that the 16 S and Cytb data were taken from Alam et al. (2008) for constructing this tree. a) AB 272594, AB 274137; b) AB 290412, AB 274139; c) AB 290417, AB 290601; d) AB 290414, AB 290603; e) AB 272596, AB 274144; f) AB 290413, AB 290597; g) AB 272599, AB 274148; h) AB 272600, AB 274150; i) AB 272601, AB 274151 and j) AB 272605, AB 274163." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281068/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FCB6FE78FC19FE1A" box="[641,921,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FCB6FE78FC19FE1A" box="[641,921,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Hoplobatrachus litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is diverged from 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FA51FE79FB6EFE1A" box="[1126,1262,441,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FA51FE79FB6EFE1A" box="[1126,1262,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the Western Ghats by 3.3% for 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FFB3FE1CFE2DFE3E" box="[388,429,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">16S</emphasis>
and 12.0% for 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FC44FE1CFD28FE3E" box="[627,680,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Cytb</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FC8BFE1CFC58FE3E" box="[700,984,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FC8BFE1CFC58FE3E" box="[700,984,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Hoplobatrachus litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly differ from 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FAFBFE1DFAD9FE3E" box="[1228,1369,477,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FAFBFE1DFB60FE3E" box="[1228,1248,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FAC2FE1DFAD9FE3E" box="[1269,1369,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mymensingh and the Western Ghats (BP: 92 for ML, 93 for MP, and 100 for 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF2FF91FDC6FE3FFB91FDDD" box="[1009,1041,511,535]" name="Belgium" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">BI</collectingCountry>
). All 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FA78FDC1FB49FDD2" box="[1103,1225,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FA78FDC1FB49FDD2" box="[1103,1225,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens formed one clade supported by high bootstrap values (BP: 100 for ML, MP, and 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF2FF91FDD1FDE4FB85FDF6" box="[998,1029,548,572]" name="Belgium" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">BI</collectingCountry>
), while the 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FAB8FDE5FA98FDF6" box="[1167,1304,549,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FAB8FDE5FA98FDF6" box="[1167,1304,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade from Mymensingh and the Western Ghats was supported by medium bootstrap values (BP: 54 for ML, 81 for MP, and 67 for 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF2FF91FE89FDACFF5EFD4E" box="[190,222,620,644]" name="Belgium" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">BI</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37D655DFFF2FF91FEFEFD4FFF5FF9C3" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFF2FF91FEFEFD4FFBDBFB0F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1618]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FEFEFD4FFEE2FD62" bold="true" box="[201,354,655,680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FF5EFD50FD00FD62" box="[361,640,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FF5EFD50FD00FD62" box="[361,640,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Hoplobatrachus litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the southeastern coastal belt in Ukhia, Teknaf Upazilla (subdistrict) and Cox’s Bazar town of Cox’s Bazar district (21° 45ʹ N, 91° 97ʹ E,&gt; 
<quantity id="4C9F9B33FFF2FF91FA3FFD75FBB3FD07" box="[1032,1075,693,717]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
asl.) in 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF2FF91FABAFD75FA93FD07" box="[1165,1299,693,717]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
. The preferable habitat of this species is a vegetated, marshy ditch/ pond, beside the wetland created by hill stream (locally called “Jiri”) and/or sometimes the base of mountains having different soil texture from the mainland 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF2FF91FB24FD3DFA19FCDF" box="[1299,1433,765,789]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
. This new species is sympatrically occurs with other anuran species such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FDD1FCE2FBDCFCF3" box="[998,1116,802,825]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FDD1FCE2FC7AFCF3" box="[998,1018,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FA3FFCE2FBDCFCF3" box="[1032,1116,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">crassus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as some 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FB28FCE1FE93FC97" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FB28FCE1FA18FCF3" box="[1311,1432,801,825]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Euphlyctis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Euphlyctis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FEA0FC86FE93FC97" box="[151,275,838,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Fejervarya</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FF67FC85FE59FC97" box="[336,473,837,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Polypedates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FF67FC85FE59FC97" box="[336,473,837,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Polypedates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FC0AFC85FCD0FC97" box="[573,848,837,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FC0AFC85FCD0FC97" box="[573,848,837,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Hoplobatracus tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed in mainland 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF2FF91FAFCFC85FACDFC97" box="[1227,1357,837,861]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B27FFF2FF91FB6BFC85FE9EFC4B" author="Alam" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="Alam, M. S., Igawa, T., Khan, M. M. R., Islam, M. M., Kuramoto, M., Matsui, M., Kuabayashi, A. &amp; Sumida, M. (2008) Genetic divergence and evolutionary relationships in six species of genera Hoplobatrachus and Euphlyctis (Amphibia: Anura) from Bangladesh and other Asian countries revealed by mitochondrial gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48, 515 - 527." type="journal article" year="2008">
Alam 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FEA0FCAAFF4BFC4B" box="[151,203,873,897]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
., 2008
</bibRefCitation>
) as well as also in coastal region ranging from southwestern Shatkhira to southeastern Bandarban including Shatkhira, Barguna, Patuakhali, Bhola, Sandwip and Raojan of 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF2FF91FA37FC4DFBFCFC6F" box="[1024,1148,909,933]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Chittagong</collectingCountry>
and Bandarban districts (Islam 
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FED1FC72FE9FFC03" box="[230,287,945,969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
unpublished); but no 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FC21FC72FD1DFC03" box="[534,669,946,969]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FC21FC72FD1DFC03" box="[534,669,946,969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">H. tigerinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens have been obtained from Cox’s Bazar district area. Thus we have no confirmation about the overlapping region between this two species, but we speculate that this species is endemic in Cox’s Bazar district. The adjacent area of 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF2FF91FD12FC3AFC12FBD8" box="[805,914,1018,1042]" name="Myanmar" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
(Teknaf) is only separated by the Naaf river, which probably does not constitute a strong barrier to 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FCD8FBDEFCEAFBFF" box="[751,874,1053,1077]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FCD8FBDEFCEAFBFF" box="[751,874,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">H. litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
migration. Thus it is possible that our new species may also occur in the adjacent coastal geographic region of 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF2FF91FD71FB82FC35FB90" box="[838,949,1090,1114]" name="Myanmar" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
. But as we have no access for sampling in that region, we cannot confirm whether our new species is distributed in that region of 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF2FF91FA58FBA6FB5CFBB4" box="[1135,1244,1126,1150]" name="Myanmar" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
or not. Approximate distribution of all Asian 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FFD9FB49FD24FB6B" box="[494,676,1161,1185]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FFD9FB49FD24FB6B" box="[494,676,1161,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Hoplobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species is shown in 
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFF2FF91FDA4FB49FC56FB6B" box="[915,982,1161,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,933,956]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,167,920]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,167,920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A) Map showing the approximate distribution areas of all Asian Hoplobatrachus species based on Frost et al. (2011) and Alam et al. (2008). (B) Bangladesh map showing the collecting localities of H. litoralis is indicated by (closed triangle) and, the collecting localities of H. tigerinus and H. crassus are indicated by (closed circle) and (closed square), respectively. Each locality was used for molecular analysis, and the boxed locality was used for morphology." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281069/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A, whereas the detail distribution of the three genetically different 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FF89FB6DFDF4FB0F" box="[446,628,1197,1221]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FF89FB6DFDF4FB0F" box="[446,628,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Hoplobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF2FF91FCC7FB6DFCF3FB0F" box="[752,883,1197,1221]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
is shown in 
<figureCitation id="135C2A53FFF2FF91FA37FB6DFBC2FB0F" box="[1024,1090,1197,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,933,956]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,167,920]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,167,920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A) Map showing the approximate distribution areas of all Asian Hoplobatrachus species based on Frost et al. (2011) and Alam et al. (2008). (B) Bangladesh map showing the collecting localities of H. litoralis is indicated by (closed triangle) and, the collecting localities of H. tigerinus and H. crassus are indicated by (closed circle) and (closed square), respectively. Each locality was used for molecular analysis, and the boxed locality was used for morphology." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281069/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFF2FF91FEFEFB11FF5FF9C3" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1618]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
The Teknaf-Ukhia peninsula is long, narrow and forested area rising up to 300 meters above the sea level and, encompassed by the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Naaf river to the east. This is a diverse habitat for many flora and fauna due to its special characteristics i.e. estuarine habitat and wetland at the base of the mountain. In 
<date id="FFD91016FFF2FF91FEA0FAFDFE93FA9F" box="[151,275,1341,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" value="1999-04">April 1999</date>
, the Department of Environment (DOE) of 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF2FF91FCC0FAFDFCFAFA9F" box="[759,890,1341,1365]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
declared that Teknaf peninisula is a Ecologically Critical Area (ECA) due to adverse change of its ecosystems by human activities. It is an important nesting site for at least four species (
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FFB2FA45FDBAFA57" box="[389,570,1413,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Cheloniidae" genus="Chelonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mydas">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FFB2FA45FDBAFA57" box="[389,570,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Chelonia mydas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FC7EFA45FCD5FA57" box="[585,853,1413,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Cheloniidae" genus="Eretmochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FC7EFA45FCD5FA57" box="[585,853,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Eretmochelys imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FD53FA45FBDEFA57" box="[868,1118,1413,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Cheloniidae" genus="Lepidochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivacea">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FD53FA45FBDEFA57" box="[868,1118,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Lepidochelys olivacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FAA2FA45FA13FA57" box="[1173,1427,1413,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Dermochelyidae" genus="Dermochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coraicea">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FAA2FA45FA13FA57" box="[1173,1427,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Dermochelys coraicea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) of marine turtle listed as globally threatened by IUCN. A few globally threatened shorebirds (
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FA9CFA69FF51FA2F" class="Aves" family="Scolopacidae" genus="Eurynorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmeus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FA9CFA69FF51FA2F" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Eurynorhynchus pygmeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FED3FA0DFDA5FA2F" box="[228,549,1485,1509]" class="Aves" family="Scolopacidae" genus="Limnodromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semiplamatus">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FED3FA0DFDA5FA2F" box="[228,549,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Limnodromus semiplamatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FC0FFA0EFD56FA2F" box="[568,726,1485,1509]" class="Aves" family="Scolopacidae" genus="Tringa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttife">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FC0FFA0EFD56FA2F" box="[568,726,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Tringa guttife</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
r) also prefer this region for their habitat (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B27FFF2FF91FAE3FA0DFF53F9C3" author="GoB" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" refString="GoB (Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh) / GEF (Global Environment Facility) / UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) (1999), Project Document, Coastal and Wetland Biodiversity Management at Cox's Bazar and Hakaluki Haor Project (BGD / 99 / G 31), Dhaka, Bangladesh, 139 pp." type="book" year="1999">GoB/GEF/UNDP 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37D655DFFF2FF91FEFEF9D5FC9AF99B" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD836D6FFF2FF91FEFEF9D5FC9AF99B" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1618]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FEFEF9D5FED0F9E7" bold="true" box="[201,336,1557,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name is derived from the Latin 
<taxonomicName id="4C674D55FFF2FF91FD7FF9D5FC21F9E7" box="[840,929,1557,1581]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litoralis">
<emphasis id="B913EAC4FFF2FF91FD7FF9D5FC21F9E7" box="[840,929,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">litoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
meaning coastal, in reference to the distribution range of this species; the Coastal belt of 
<collectingCountry id="F3707646FFF2FF91FCB8F9F9FC95F99B" box="[655,789,1593,1617]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>