125 lines
18 KiB
XML
125 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="D2D8AB259F9B7B38B2E581A37BF02B3A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.179534" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8078a54c-e67b-4e6f-aaf2-78c18c7d1821" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="179534" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459978274391" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Huber, Bernhard A." docDate="2007" docId="03CE87A4FFEFFFC8FF67DEC5FB767AC9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01635p043.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1635" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Anansus Huber, 2007, n. gen." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFF7FFDCFFE8FFCFFFF0DD58FFFD7C3D" masterDocTitle="Two new genera of small, six-eyed pholcid spiders from West Africa, and first record of Spermophorides for mainland Africa (Araneae: Pholcidae)" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1698231658286" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="D95B34408DD3C088770CA52FD438E644" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="91ABC5DE65EBD763D05715AF74D11794">
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<mods:title id="76D46698D0B494AE4DC731E2F44F0FAC">Two new genera of small, six-eyed pholcid spiders from West Africa, and first record of Spermophorides for mainland Africa (Araneae: Pholcidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="829BAB3C274CE5EAD80D19F9FC5C81FD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C236EBA415BAE8EC3967E6658081759C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2EEBC3E16681355638B7090B8C0C4CC6">Huber, Bernhard A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6F56B1E1A3E099020D361E642E411B6C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E01668CF0C18C1D66D8DBCB967573117">
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<mods:title id="ADEB91F8A650516BD57E56FCF23E40DB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="4B2560CBD5E16E1FB335D73E298F216B">
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<mods:date id="F0D87568D862CB5EA0018E7503FA6FEC">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A268EDE7DEC643F825A323B33CD06F7C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="68A18110BBBD9DDFB0C0A6A2D35240EE">1635</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="9BEEB7DDABB6F2A8EA95868D3CDF6563" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="2B32CC5EAEC8A2A4671F8BB4DAC8ADD0">23</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="263E34CB07D5D2C0423434C6D3D337A6">43</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="13E029DCB7A3977B5B4866C2A8BD1D2D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C4F687B335C319AB5CD131B7BA3C0E43" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.179534</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="671840EF3C8433E1A19388FE7E541C8C" type="GBIF-Dataset">8078a54c-e67b-4e6f-aaf2-78c18c7d1821</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="92BA3BBA384C4195573831F65200A459" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F1D6D8DDCE091B82F302D871AB8661B9" type="Zenodo-Dep">179534</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03CE87A4FFEFFFC8FF67DEC5FB767AC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6243190" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119378323" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6243190" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E457FEAF-3906-432F-BF68-38D5ABCA6505" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87A4FFEFFFC8FF67DEC5FB767AC9" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection id="C37D6539FFEFFFC8FF67DEC5FE9C7F8A" box="[151,353,925,951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD836B2FFEFFFC8FF67DEC5FE9C7F8A" blockId="7.[151,353,925,951]" box="[151,353,925,951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="D09081DEFFEFFFC8FF67DEC5FE9C7F8A" bold="true" box="[151,353,925,951]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFEFFFC8FF67DEC5FE9C7F8A" bold="true" box="[151,353,925,951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFEFFFC8FF67DEC5FEFC7F8A" ID-CoL="V49" ID-ENA="1239127" box="[151,257,925,951]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anansus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFEFFFC8FF67DEC5FEFC7F8A" bold="true" box="[151,257,925,951]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Anansus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22057DBFFEFFFC8FEFFDEC5FE9C7F8A" box="[271,353,925,951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D6539FFEFFFC8FF67DEBAFDB97FC1" box="[151,580,994,1020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD836B2FFEFFFC8FF67DEBAFDB97FC1" blockId="7.[151,1437,994,1780]" box="[151,580,994,1020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFEFFFC8FF67DEBAFEC47FC1" bold="true" box="[151,313,994,1020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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<typeStatus id="54DC8810FFEFFFC8FF67DEBAFF297FC1" box="[151,212,994,1020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFEFFFC8FEB0DEBAFE0E7FC6" box="[320,499,994,1019]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anansus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aowin" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFEFFFC8FEB0DEBAFE0E7FC6" box="[320,499,994,1019]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Anansus aowin</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFEFFFC8FDF1DEBAFDB97FC1" bold="true" box="[513,580,994,1020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22057DBFFEFFFC8FDF1DEBAFDB97FC1" box="[513,580,994,1020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D6539FFEFFFC8FF36D952FD337871" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BD836B2FFEFFFC8FF36D952FD337871" blockId="7.[151,1437,994,1780]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFEFFFC8FF36D952FEAE7819" bold="true" box="[198,339,1034,1060]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Named for Anansi, one of the most important gods of west African lore, depicted as a spider, a human, or combinations thereof. Gender male.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D6539FFEFFFC8FF36D902FECC7959" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD836B2FFEFFFC8FF36D902FECC7959" blockId="7.[151,1437,994,1780]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFEFFFC8FF36D902FEBB7849" bold="true" box="[198,326,1114,1140]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Small, short-legged, six-eyed pholcines (proximo-lateral cheliceral apophyses!), distinguished from other known pholcines by combination of following characters: small male palpal femur but extremely large and thick tibia (Figs. 33, 40, 58); bulb with single process (embolus) (Figs. 32, 39, 47); procursus with distinctive sclerite provided with retrolateral brush of long hairs (Figs. 33, 40, 53); unique pattern on sternum in males and females (
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<figureCitation id="135C2A37FFEFFFC8FE6FD9A2FE1B7929" box="[415,486,1274,1300]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 12" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,423,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,423,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 12. Photographs of habitus and female abdomens. 2, 3. Nyikoa limbe, male in dorsal and lateral views. 4, 5. Anansus aowin, male in dorsal and lateral views. 6 – 8. Anansus ewe, male in dorsal, lateral, and ventral views. 9. Anansus ewe, female abdomen, ventral view. 10. Spermophorides africana, female abdomen, ventral view. 11, 12. Spermophorides africana, male in dorsal and lateral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179536/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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); male cheliceral apophyses without modified hairs (
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<figureCitation id="135C2A37FFEFFFC8FBA7D9A2FB4C7929" box="[1111,1201,1274,1300]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 49" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1790]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 49. Anansus aowin n. sp. 43. Male prosoma, frontal view; arrow points to tiny clypeus projection. 44. Male chelicerae, distal area in frontal-ventral view. 45. Details of right male palp, retrolateral view. 46. Male prosoma and chelicerae, oblique view; arrow points to proximo-lateral cheliceral apophysis. 47. Embolus. 48. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 49. Male ALS (four of the five “ piriform gland spigots ” damaged). Scale lines: 10 µm (48, 49), 30 µm (44, 47), 100 µm (43, 45, 46)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179541/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
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); epigynum without scape (Figs. 35, 41, 60); eye triads close together (
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<figureCitation id="135C2A37FFEFFFC8FD03D87AFC9A7901" box="[755,871,1314,1340]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 12" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,423,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,423,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 12. Photographs of habitus and female abdomens. 2, 3. Nyikoa limbe, male in dorsal and lateral views. 4, 5. Anansus aowin, male in dorsal and lateral views. 6 – 8. Anansus ewe, male in dorsal, lateral, and ventral views. 9. Anansus ewe, female abdomen, ventral view. 10. Spermophorides africana, female abdomen, ventral view. 11, 12. Spermophorides africana, male in dorsal and lateral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179536/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Figs. 4, 6</figureCitation>
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); presence of several ALS spigots (versus two) (
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<figureCitation id="135C2A37FFEFFFC8FF6FD812FF0B7959" box="[159,246,1354,1380]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 49" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1790]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 49. Anansus aowin n. sp. 43. Male prosoma, frontal view; arrow points to tiny clypeus projection. 44. Male chelicerae, distal area in frontal-ventral view. 45. Details of right male palp, retrolateral view. 46. Male prosoma and chelicerae, oblique view; arrow points to proximo-lateral cheliceral apophysis. 47. Embolus. 48. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 49. Male ALS (four of the five “ piriform gland spigots ” damaged). Scale lines: 10 µm (48, 49), 30 µm (44, 47), 100 µm (43, 45, 46)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179541/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135C2A37FFEFFFC8FEF2D812FEDE7959" box="[258,291,1354,1380]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 56" captionStartId="12.[151,269,1850,1874]" captionTargetBox="[213,1380,194,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[213,1382,194,1827]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 56. Anansus aowin (50, 51) and A. ewe (52 – 56). 50, 51. Comb hairs on male tarsus 4, lateral and ventral views. 52. Details of left male palp, retrolateral view. 53. Distinctive sclerite of procursus set with brush of hairs (hairs lost in this specimen). 54. Male gonopore with four epiandrous spigots. 55. Male ALS. 56. Dorsal view of cleared female internal genitalia. p, procursus; pp, pore plate; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 10 µm (53, 55), 20 µm (50, 51, 54), 100 µm (52, 56)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179542/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">55</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D6539FFEFFFC8FF36D82AFC0E7A41" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD836B2FFEFFFC8FF36D82AFD2B79B1" blockId="7.[151,1437,994,1780]" box="[198,726,1394,1420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFEFFFC8FF36D82AFEA279B1" bold="true" box="[198,351,1394,1420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Description.</emphasis>
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See species descriptions below.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD836B2FFEFFFC8FF36D8C2FC0E7A41" blockId="7.[151,1437,994,1780]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFEFFFC8FF36D8C2FE8A7989" bold="true" box="[198,375,1434,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Relationships.</emphasis>
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As indicated above,
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFEFFFC8FD9BD8C3FD327989" box="[619,719,1435,1460]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anansus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFEFFFC8FD9BD8C3FD327989" box="[619,719,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Anansus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is either resolved as representative of a mainly African group of genera characterized by the dorsal rather than prolateral attachment of the genital bulb to the cymbium, or as a much more “basal” taxon within pholcines (
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<figureCitation id="135C2A37FFEFFFC8FD0AD8B2FCB17A39" box="[762,844,1514,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1129,1153]" captionTargetBox="[168,1422,210,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1103]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cladograms of pholcines, using equal character weights (A) and successive weighting (B) in NONA. Wedge-shaped branches represent multiple taxa in a clade. Numbered clades are supported as follows: 1. (Pholcinae) proximo-lateral apophyses on male chelicerae, six eyes, embolus tubular and membranous. 2. Male palpal tibia-tarsus joints shifted to prolateral side. 3. Male palpal trochanter with retrolateral apophysis. 4. Genital bulb attached dorsally. 5. ALS “ piriform gland spigots ” absent. 6. Eye triads widely separated. 7. Like 2 above, plus male palpal tibia spindleshaped. 8. Proximo-lateral apophyses on male chelicerae directed upwards, not backwards." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179535/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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A, B). The latter topology considers posteriorly directed cheliceral apophyses as plesiomorphic for pholcines, while upward pointing cheliceral apophyses are a synapomorphy of the sister group of
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFEFFFC8FD93DB63FD3B7A69" box="[611,710,1595,1620]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anansus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFEFFFC8FD93DB63FD3B7A69" box="[611,710,1595,1620]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Anansus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(clade
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<quantity id="4C9F9B57FFEFFFC8FCEFDB62FCB07A69" box="[799,845,1594,1620]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
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<figureCitation id="135C2A37FFEFFFC8FCA5DB62FC657A69" box="[853,920,1594,1620]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1129,1153]" captionTargetBox="[168,1422,210,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1103]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cladograms of pholcines, using equal character weights (A) and successive weighting (B) in NONA. Wedge-shaped branches represent multiple taxa in a clade. Numbered clades are supported as follows: 1. (Pholcinae) proximo-lateral apophyses on male chelicerae, six eyes, embolus tubular and membranous. 2. Male palpal tibia-tarsus joints shifted to prolateral side. 3. Male palpal trochanter with retrolateral apophysis. 4. Genital bulb attached dorsally. 5. ALS “ piriform gland spigots ” absent. 6. Eye triads widely separated. 7. Like 2 above, plus male palpal tibia spindleshaped. 8. Proximo-lateral apophyses on male chelicerae directed upwards, not backwards." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179535/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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B). Both solutions make sense biologically, so the phylogenetic position of this genus within pholcines remains open.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D6539FFEFFFC8FF36DBD2FB767AC9" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BD836B2FFEFFFC8FF36DBD2FB767AC9" blockId="7.[151,1437,994,1780]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFEFFFC8FF36DBD2FE9A7A99" bold="true" box="[198,359,1674,1700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Distribution.</emphasis>
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The three species described below are from
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<collectingCountry id="F3707622FFEFFFC8FC8BDBD2FBF47A99" box="[891,1033,1674,1700]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3707622FFEFFFC8FBE6DBD2FB9B7A99" box="[1046,1126,1674,1700]" name="Ghana" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="F3707622FFEFFFC8FB55DBD2FAD97A99" box="[1189,1316,1674,1700]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Congo DR</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="135C2A37FFEFFFC8FAC5DBD2FA727A99" box="[1333,1423,1674,1700]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="18.[151,255,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,754,1484]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,754,1484]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 74. Map showing the known distributions of Nyikoa n. gen. and Anansus n. gen., as well as the only known record of Spermophorides in Africa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179545/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
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). The MRAC has a further closely related species from
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<collectingCountry id="F3707622FFEFFFC8FCDADBEAFC597AF1" box="[810,932,1714,1740]" name="Cameroon" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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(Mbam near Koutoupi, MRAC 167.984). The single male specimen is very poorly preserved and therefore not described herein.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |