267 lines
33 KiB
XML
267 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="E451E3A230BB3C477FC0BB4D1E9F478E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.179534" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8078a54c-e67b-4e6f-aaf2-78c18c7d1821" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="179534" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459978274391" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Huber, Bernhard A." docDate="2007" docId="03CE87A4FFE5FFC0FF67DBF2FBD379B7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01635p043.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1635" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Spermophorides Wunderlich 1992" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FFF7FFDCFFE8FFCFFFF0DD58FFFD7C3D" masterDocTitle="Two new genera of small, six-eyed pholcid spiders from West Africa, and first record of Spermophorides for mainland Africa (Araneae: Pholcidae)" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698231658286" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6415C05073CFC723D83FE519EF8FBE28">Two new genera of small, six-eyed pholcid spiders from West Africa, and first record of Spermophorides for mainland Africa (Araneae: Pholcidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="734ACCA1CB82392595C2E63BFCB0F235">Huber, Bernhard A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4A57BC7C801F28A84862F9EA5CAE301B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="539652DDD1944407B72B18DA9D7242E4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="26305CDB133A4BB296902DB9CFEFDDFC">
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<mods:date id="34AC1813A1B59B76E472DA7DC694C740">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0DEDA55F6846328F97F033BC14E0013E">1635</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A65BF152BA99603D05600D065CA988AD" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.179534</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CE87A4FFE5FFC0FF67DBF2FBD379B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6243198" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119378326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6243198" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87A4FFE5FFC0FF67DBF2FBD379B7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87A4FFE5FFC0FF67DBF2FBD379B7" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="C37D6539FFE5FFC2FF67DBF2FDBC7AF9" box="[151,577,1706,1732]" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD836B2FFE5FFC2FF67DBF2FDBC7AF9" blockId="13.[151,577,1706,1732]" box="[151,577,1706,1732]" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="D09081DEFFE5FFC2FF67DBF2FDBC7AF9" bold="true" box="[151,577,1706,1732]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE5FFC2FF67DBF2FDBC7AF9" ID-CoL="7KC4" ID-ENA="1184453" authority="Wunderlich, 1992" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,577,1706,1732]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophorides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE5FFC2FF67DBF2FDBC7AF9" bold="true" box="[151,577,1706,1732]" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE5FFC2FF67DBF2FEA17AF9" bold="true" box="[151,348,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Spermophorides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B43FFE5FFC2FE93DBF2FDBC7AF9" author="Wunderlich" box="[355,577,1706,1732]" pageId="13" pageNumber="43" refString="Wunderlich, J. (1992) Die Spinnen-Fauna der Makaronesischen Inseln. Taxonomie, Okologie, Biogeographie und Evolution. Beitrage zur Araneologie, 1, 1 - 619." type="journal article" year="1992">Wunderlich, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D6539FFE5FFC2FF67DBADFD8A7B31" box="[151,631,1781,1804]" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD836B2FFE5FFC2FF67DBADFD8A7B31" blockId="13.[151,631,1781,1804]" box="[151,631,1781,1804]" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB77119CFFE5FFC2FF67DBADFD8A7B31" box="[151,631,1781,1804]" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE5FFC2FF67DBADFDBF7B31" ID-CoL="7KC4" authority="Wunderlich, 1992: 324" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityPageNumber="324" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,578,1781,1804]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophorides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE5FFC2FF67DBADFEBB7B31" box="[151,326,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Spermophorides</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC610A3FFE5FFC2FEBCDBADFDBF7B31" author="Wunderlich" box="[332,578,1781,1804]" page="324" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B43FFE5FFC2FEBCDBADFDF27B31" author="Wunderlich" box="[332,527,1781,1804]" pageId="13" pageNumber="43" refString="Wunderlich, J. (1992) Die Spinnen-Fauna der Makaronesischen Inseln. Taxonomie, Okologie, Biogeographie und Evolution. Beitrage zur Araneologie, 1, 1 - 619." type="journal article" year="1992">Wunderlich, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 324
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–325
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D6539FFE5FFC0FF67DA65FD77792F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD836B2FFE5FFC1FF67DA65FB8F7D3F" blockId="13.[151,1437,1853,1999]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,152,258]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE5FFC2FF67DA65FEEA7B6A" bold="true" box="[151,279,1853,1879]" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A diagnosis that reliably covers all known representatives of this genus is beyond the scope of this paper and must await a revision or at least a large comparative study of the genus. The original diagnosis of the genus does not allow a distinction from several other small six-eyed pholcids, like
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE5FFC2FB72DAD5FADC7B9B" box="[1154,1313,1933,1958]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE5FFC2FB72DAD5FADC7B9B" box="[1154,1313,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Spermophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE5FFC2FAC0DAD5FA687B9B" box="[1328,1429,1933,1958]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Buitinga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE5FFC2FAC0DAD5FA687B9B" box="[1328,1429,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Buitinga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE5FFC2FF67DAEDFEEE7BF3" box="[151,275,1973,1998]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Quamtana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE5FFC2FF67DAEDFEEE7BF3" box="[151,275,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Quamtana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(part),
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE5FFC2FE98DAEDFE327BF3" box="[360,463,1973,1998]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Belisana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE5FFC2FE98DAEDFE327BF3" box="[360,463,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Belisana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and others. The only character visible using untreated specimens and light microscopy that seems to reliably identify most
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE6FFC1FD88DDC0FCC57C8C" box="[632,824,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophorides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE6FFC1FD88DDC0FCC57C8C" box="[632,824,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Spermophorides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species is the peculiar attachment site of the procursus to the cymbium, i.e. rather distal than proximal (see e.g., figs.
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<quantity id="4C9F9B57FFE6FFC1FC6DDD98FBDF7CE7" box="[925,1058,192,218]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7973722" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" unit="in" value="228243.0">228, 243 in</quantity>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B43FFE6FFC1FBD9DD98FB057CE7" author="Wunderlich" box="[1065,1272,192,218]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" refString="Wunderlich, J. (1987) Die Spinnen der Kanarischen Inseln und Madeiras. Triops Verlag, Langen, Germany, 435 pp." type="book" year="1987">Wunderlich 1987</bibRefCitation>
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; figure
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<quantity id="4C9F9B57FFE6FFC1FAA1DD98FA617CE7" box="[1361,1436,192,218]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.816599999999999" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" unit="in" value="229.0">229 in</quantity>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B43FFE6FFC1FF67DDB0FE987D3F" author="Wunderlich" box="[151,357,232,258]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" refString="Wunderlich, J. (1992) Die Spinnen-Fauna der Makaronesischen Inseln. Taxonomie, Okologie, Biogeographie und Evolution. Beitrage zur Araneologie, 1, 1 - 619." type="journal article" year="1992">Wunderlich 1992</bibRefCitation>
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; figs. 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, 41 in
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B43FFE6FFC1FD4ADDB0FCA57D3F" author="Senglet" box="[698,856,232,258]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" refString="Senglet, A. (1972) Note sur les Spermophora (Araneae: Pholcidae) mediterraneens. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique Suisse, 45 (4), 307 - 319." type="journal article" year="1972">Senglet 1972</bibRefCitation>
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||
; fig.
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||
<quantity id="4C9F9B57FFE6FFC1FC63DDB0FC3D7D3F" box="[915,960,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B43FFE6FFC1FC37DDB0FB987D3F" author="Senglet" box="[967,1125,232,258]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" refString="Senglet, A. (1973) Note sur Spermophora elevata Simon et description d'une nouvelle espece: Spermophora simoni (Araneae: Pholcidae). Bulletin du Musee d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, (3) 125, 683 - 686." type="journal article" year="1973">Senglet 1973</bibRefCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="DF18663AFFE6FFC1FF67DA0EFD5D7B8E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179543/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[156,1425,327,1838]" targetPageId="14">
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<paragraph id="8BD836B2FFE6FFC1FF67DA0EFD5D7B8E" blockId="14.[151,1436,1878,1971]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE6FFC1FF67DA0EFEA07B53" bold="true" box="[151,349,1878,1902]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">FIGURES 57–61.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE6FFC1FE93DA0FFDD07B53" box="[355,557,1879,1902]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anansus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debakkeri" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE6FFC1FE93DA0FFDD07B53" box="[355,557,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Anansus debakkeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE6FFC1FDC3DA0EFD437B53" bold="true" box="[563,702,1878,1902]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22057DBFFE6FFC1FDC3DA0EFD927B53" box="[563,623,1878,1902]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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57, 58.
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</emphasis>
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Left palp, prolateral and retrolateral views.
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE6FFC1FB62DA0EFB4E7B53" bold="true" box="[1170,1203,1878,1902]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">59.</emphasis>
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Left procursus, retrolateral view.
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE6FFC1FED0DA21FE977BAC" bold="true" box="[288,362,1913,1937]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">60, 61.</emphasis>
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Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. b, genital bulb; e, embolus; ep, epigynal pocket; p, procursus; pp, pore plate. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BD836B2FFE7FFC0FF37DDC0FC457D9F" blockId="15.[151,1436,152,1418]" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">
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A further character that is easily accessible and that seems to separate most
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FBCFDDC0FB027C8C" box="[1087,1279,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophorides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FBCFDDC0FB027C8C" box="[1087,1279,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Spermophorides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species from most other pholcids, is the relationship between tibia 1 length and metatarsus 1 length.
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<figureCitation id="135C2A37FFE7FFC0FB7BDD98FB067CE7" box="[1163,1275,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1180,1204]" captionTargetBox="[337,1268,215,1147]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[302,1285,194,1157]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 75. Tibia 1 length and relationship between tibia 1 and metatarsus 1 lengths in 422 species of pholcids. Each species is represented by a single male specimen, usually the type specimen measured in the original description or in a redescription. Large marks indicate Spermophorides species (round marks: 18 Canary Island species, six Mediterranean species, and S. africana [arrow]; square: S. lascars from the Seychelles). Data are mainly from taxonomic papers by B. A. Huber (http: // www. uni-bonn. de / ~ bhuber 1 / publications. htm); data on Spermophorides are from Wunderlich (1987, 1992), Saaristo (2001), and from B. A. Huber (herein and unpublished)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179546/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Figure 75</figureCitation>
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shows that in most pholcids with comparable tibia 1 lengths (~
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<quantity id="4C9F9B57FFE7FFC0FD21DDB0FC9E7D3F" box="[721,867,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–5.5 mm</quantity>
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) the metatarsus 1 is significantly longer than the tibia 1. In
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FEE4DC48FE297D14" box="[276,468,272,297]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophorides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FEE4DC48FE297D14" box="[276,468,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Spermophorides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, both leg segments are approximately the same length. Only a few species of the South American genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FE5ADC60FDE77D6C" box="[426,538,312,337]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Chibchea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FE5ADC60FDE77D6C" box="[426,538,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Chibchea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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fall among the
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FD24DC60FC697D6C" box="[724,916,312,337]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophorides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FD24DC60FC697D6C" box="[724,916,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Spermophorides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species in the scatter in
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<figureCitation id="135C2A37FFE7FFC0FB44DC60FAD47D6F" box="[1204,1321,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1180,1204]" captionTargetBox="[337,1268,215,1147]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[302,1285,194,1157]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 75. Tibia 1 length and relationship between tibia 1 and metatarsus 1 lengths in 422 species of pholcids. Each species is represented by a single male specimen, usually the type specimen measured in the original description or in a redescription. Large marks indicate Spermophorides species (round marks: 18 Canary Island species, six Mediterranean species, and S. africana [arrow]; square: S. lascars from the Seychelles). Data are mainly from taxonomic papers by B. A. Huber (http: // www. uni-bonn. de / ~ bhuber 1 / publications. htm); data on Spermophorides are from Wunderlich (1987, 1992), Saaristo (2001), and from B. A. Huber (herein and unpublished)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179546/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Figure 75</figureCitation>
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. Remarkably, the
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<collectingCountry id="F3707622FFE7FFC0FEF0DC38FE807D47" box="[256,381,352,378]" name="Seychelles" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
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species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FE19DC38FDA77D44" box="[489,602,352,377]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophorides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lascars">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FE19DC38FDA77D44" box="[489,602,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">S. lascars</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) does not group with the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FC38DC38FB757D44" box="[968,1160,352,377]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophorides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FC38DC38FB757D44" box="[968,1160,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Spermophorides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (measurements according to fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B57FFE7FFC0FEAFDCD0FE677D9F" box="[351,410,392,418]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6256" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" unit="in" value="64.0">64 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B43FFE7FFC0FE51DCD0FDBB7D9F" author="Saaristo" box="[417,582,392,418]" pageId="15" pageNumber="43" refString="Saaristo, M. I. (2001) Pholcid spiders of the granitic Seychelles (Araneae, Pholcidae). Phelsuma, 9, 9 - 28." type="journal article" year="2001">Saaristo 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: tibia 1: 1,8; metatarsus 1: 2,2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836B2FFE7FFC0FF37DCE8FE8D7E87" blockId="15.[151,1436,152,1418]" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">
|
||
A distinctive character that seems to unite the Mediterranean, at least some Canary Island, and the Tanzanian species below requires clearing or SEM study of the epigynum: the pockets on the posterior epigynal plates.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B43FFE7FFC0FF00DF58FE5E7E27" author="Senglet" box="[240,419,512,538]" pageId="15" pageNumber="43" refString="Senglet, A. (1972) Note sur les Spermophora (Araneae: Pholcidae) mediterraneens. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique Suisse, 45 (4), 307 - 319." type="journal article" year="1972">Senglet (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
emphasized the importance of these pockets (his “alvéoles d’ancrage de la lèvre postérieure de l’épigyne”) for the identification of Mediterranean
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FC4EDF70FB827E7C" box="[958,1151,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FC39DF70FB897E7C" box="[969,1140,552,577]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Spermophora</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FB22DF70FA6F7E7C" box="[1234,1426,552,577]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophorides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FB22DF70FA6F7E7C" box="[1234,1426,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Spermophorides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) species. They have not been described or illustrated for Canary Island species, but were found to be present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FF67DF20FE397EAF" authority="Wunderlich" authorityName="Wunderlich" box="[151,452,632,658]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophorides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mercedes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FF67DF20FEDF7EAC" box="[151,290,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">S. mercedes</emphasis>
|
||
(Wunderlich)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and an unidentified species from Lanzarote checked for this character (B. A. Huber, unpublished data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836B2FFE7FFC0FF37DF90FE767F67" blockId="15.[151,1436,152,1418]" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Finally, the absence of male epiandrous spigots is very rare in pholcines (outside
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FB6EDF90FAA37EDC" box="[1182,1374,712,737]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophorides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FB6EDF90FAA37EDC" box="[1182,1374,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Spermophorides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only known in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FEE3DFA8FE4F7F34" box="[275,434,752,777]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Nyikoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FEE3DFA8FE4F7F34" box="[275,434,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Nyikoa limbe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see above), and has been verified in one Mediterranean species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FB2DDFA8FA617F34" box="[1245,1436,752,777]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophorides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediterranea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FB2DDFA8FA617F34" box="[1245,1436,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">S. mediterranea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Senglet]), two Canary Island species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FD86DE40FD087F0C" box="[630,757,792,817]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophorides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuneata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FD86DE40FD087F0C" box="[630,757,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">S. cuneata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Wunderlich],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FC41DE40FBBD7F0C" box="[945,1088,792,817]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophorides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mercedes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FC41DE40FBBD7F0C" box="[945,1088,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">S. mercedes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the Tanzanian species below (Figs. 68–70).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836B2FFE7FFC0FF36DE3FFD77792F" blockId="15.[151,1436,152,1418]" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FF36DE3FFE8A7FBC" bold="true" box="[198,375,871,897]" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Relationships.</emphasis>
|
||
As in previous analyses (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B43FFE7FFC0FD1CDE30FC837FBF" author="Huber" box="[748,894,872,898]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="15" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, B. A. (2005) High species diversity, male-female coevolution, and metaphyly in Southeast Asian pholcid spiders: the case of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae). Zoologica, 155, 1 - 126." type="journal article" year="2005">Huber 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FC65DE30FBA87FBC" box="[917,1109,872,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophorides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FC65DE30FBA87FBC" box="[917,1109,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Spermophorides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
falls in a group of African genera including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FE98DEC8FE307F94" box="[360,461,912,937]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Buitinga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FE98DEC8FE307F94" box="[360,461,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Buitinga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(East Africa) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FD40DEC8FBDF7F97" authority="(Madagascar)" baseAuthorityName="Madagascar" box="[688,1058,912,938]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Paramicromerys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FD40DEC8FC897F94" box="[688,884,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Paramicromerys</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3707622FFE7FFC0FC76DEC8FBE77F97" box="[902,1050,912,938]" name="Madagascar" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as some species tentatively assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FE9ADEE0FDF47FEC" box="[362,521,952,977]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FE9ADEE0FDF47FEC" box="[362,521,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Spermophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(East Africa,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3707622FFE7FFC0FD5DDEE0FCC07FEF" box="[685,829,952,978]" name="Madagascar" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3707622FFE7FFC0FCB7DEE0FC457FEF" box="[839,952,952,978]" name="Comoros" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Comoros</collectingCountry>
|
||
). All these taxa (clade
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B57FFE7FFC0FB31DEE0FB107FEF" box="[1217,1261,952,978]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A37FFE7FFC0FB04DEE0FAC97FEF" box="[1268,1332,952,978]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1129,1153]" captionTargetBox="[168,1422,210,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1103]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cladograms of pholcines, using equal character weights (A) and successive weighting (B) in NONA. Wedge-shaped branches represent multiple taxa in a clade. Numbered clades are supported as follows: 1. (Pholcinae) proximo-lateral apophyses on male chelicerae, six eyes, embolus tubular and membranous. 2. Male palpal tibia-tarsus joints shifted to prolateral side. 3. Male palpal trochanter with retrolateral apophysis. 4. Genital bulb attached dorsally. 5. ALS “ piriform gland spigots ” absent. 6. Eye triads widely separated. 7. Like 2 above, plus male palpal tibia spindleshaped. 8. Proximo-lateral apophyses on male chelicerae directed upwards, not backwards." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179535/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A) share the loss of the “piriform gland spigots” on the ALS (Figs. 67, 73). More important than these intergeneric relationships are, in the present context, the data that support inclusion of the Tanzanian species below in a genus that was previously known only from the Canary Islands, the Mediterranean, and one species from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3707622FFE7FFC0FA96D968FF11784F" name="Seychelles" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Three characters support this assignment: pair of pockets on the posterior epigynal plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A37FFE7FFC0FAF9D900FA65784F" box="[1289,1432,1112,1138]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 – 66" captionStartId="16.[151,269,1691,1715]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,201,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,194,1667]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 62 – 66. Spermophorides africana, n. sp. 62, 63. Left palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. 64. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 65, 66. Cleared epigynum, ventral and dorsal views. b, genital bulb; ba, bulbal apophysis; e, embolus; p, procursus. Scale lines: 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179544/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Figs. 65, 66</figureCitation>
|
||
; unique in pholcids), loss of epiandrous spigots (Fig. 68; in pholcines otherwise only known in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FB1FD9D8FA7678A4" box="[1263,1419,1152,1177]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Nyikoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FB1FD9D8FA7678A4" box="[1263,1419,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Nyikoa limbe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the peculiar attachment site of the procursus to the cymbium (rather distal than proximal, similar only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FF67D988FE4278D4" box="[151,447,1232,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sangarawe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FF67D988FE4278D4" box="[151,447,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Spermophora sangarawe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B57FFE7FFC0FDDDD988FD8578D7" box="[557,632,1232,1258]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.968999999999999" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" unit="in" value="235.0">235 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B43FFE7FFC0FD8FD988FCE278D7" author="Huber" box="[639,799,1232,1258]" pageId="15" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, B. A. (2003 b) High species diversity in one of the dominant groups of spiders in East African montane forests (Araneae: Pholcidae: Buitinga n. gen., Spermophora Hentz). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 137, 555 - 619." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="b">Huber 2003b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Whether the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3707622FFE7FFC0FC3DD988FBB778D7" box="[973,1098,1232,1258]" name="Seychelles" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D31FFE7FFC0FB49D988FA6978D7" authority="Saaristo" authorityName="Saaristo" box="[1209,1428,1232,1258]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Spermophorides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lascars">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FB49D988FAD178D4" box="[1209,1324,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">S. lascars</emphasis>
|
||
Saaristo
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) shares any of these characters is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D6539FFE7FFC0FF36D847FBD379B7" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836B2FFE7FFC0FF36D847FBD379B7" blockId="15.[151,1436,152,1418]" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAA0FFE7FFC0FF36D847FE9A7904" bold="true" box="[198,359,1311,1337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus was previously known from the Canary Islands (plus the Salvage Islands), southwestern Europe (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3707622FFE7FFC0FEAFD810FE5B795F" box="[351,422,1352,1378]" name="Spain" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3707622FFE7FFC0FE43D810FDFB795F" box="[435,518,1352,1378]" name="France" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3707622FFE7FFC0FDE3D810FD92795F" box="[531,623,1352,1378]" name="France" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Corsica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sardinia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3707622FFE7FFC0FD1DD810FCDA795F" box="[749,807,1352,1378]" name="Italy" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and one uncertain species from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3707622FFE7FFC0FB11D810FA9F795F" box="[1249,1378,1352,1378]" name="Seychelles" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The new species below extends the known distribution to include mainland Africa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |