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<document id="BA95915BA71CC475200BAAF3353EABC3" ID-CLB-Dataset="57002" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5249.5.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="de5776f8-930f-4f44-8b98-39bb21f6d95f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7701343" ID-ZooBank="949F2D17-F10C-4ED1-9580-2CB12BD65896" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1678097811009" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tsang, Ling Ming &amp; Naruse, Tohru" docDate="2023" docId="03CD233F4733745BFF22C694FF48E0F4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5249.5.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5249 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.5.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parapinnixidae Stevcic 2005" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="549" masterDocId="FFF45B47473B7452FFB5C56EFF8AE716" masterDocTitle="Recognition of Parapinnixidae Števčić, 2005, and Tetriasidae fam. nov. in Pinnotheroidea De Haan, 1833 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Thoracotremata)" masterLastPageNumber="558" masterPageNumber="540" pageNumber="548" updateTime="1699476175597" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="EC155D686B73496911706BCC39F3C7C2">Recognition of Parapinnixidae Števčić, 2005, and Tetriasidae fam. nov. in Pinnotheroidea De Haan, 1833 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Thoracotremata)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D52A59BFB9D762D14BFB2462FC1195A9">Tsang, Ling Ming</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E000D4AC4F618942B4638EA45907CB41" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5029-5690</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="68D48E752482E396A437334EA9760FDD">Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. lmtsang @ cuhk. edu. hk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5029 - 5690</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="00E103984B3B0BAEA0F8995D4FE303F5" type="email">lmtsang@cuhk.edu.hk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F9568CF8C74BCBF5B22C4C8D9603021F">Naruse, Tohru</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="510ED494B4E5A87B0E7B4DA76325F45D" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9212-5246</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="4DF1B13A1C3B91C2FE46D707BB28F884">Tropical Biosphere Research Center, Iriomote Station, University of the Ryukyus, 870 Uehara, Taketomi, Okinawa 907 - 1541, Japan naruse @ lab. u-ryukyu. ac. jp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9212 - 5246</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A2E8650C3D29D3AF9046A969E93DE4F5" type="email">naruse@lab.u-ryukyu.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="E432EBB95BF16365C5392861F9962AFA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="987B34EC59EE4B5F7691923CE2CFA318">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2D8FC4EE204E41F42DBEFEB3E7361715">2023-03-06</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03CD233F4733745BFF22C694FF48E0F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7704177" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209415912" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7704177" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD233F4733745BFF22C694FF48E0F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD233F4733745BFF22C694FF48E0F4" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="549" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">
<subSubSection id="C37EC1A24733745AFF22C694FE63E341" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDB92294733745AFF22C694FDEAE302" blockId="8.[151,608,1018,1048]" box="[151,608,1018,1048]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">
<heading id="D09325454733745AFF22C694FDEAE302" bold="true" box="[151,608,1018,1048]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4733745AFF22C694FDEAE302" bold="true" box="[151,608,1018,1048]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4733745AFF42C694FDEAE302" ID-CoL="085b86c0-283c-4bea-b152-b0b28a6845e0" authority="Stevcic, 2005" authorityName="Stevcic" authorityYear="2005" box="[247,608,1018,1048]" family="Parapinnixidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" rank="family">
Parapinnixidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84733745AFE0BC695FDEAE302" author="Stevcic, Z." box="[446,608,1018,1048]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref11589" refString="Stevcic, Z. (2005) The reclassification of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Natura Croatica, 14, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="2005">Števčić, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB92294733745AFF22C151FE63E341" blockId="8.[151,489,1087,1113]" box="[151,489,1087,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">
Parapinnixini
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84733745AFE93C12EFE6FE341" author="Stevcic, Z." box="[294,485,1087,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref11589" refString="Stevcic, Z. (2005) The reclassification of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Natura Croatica, 14, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="2005">Števčić, 2005: 118</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EC1A24733745AFF22C1EBFD17E146" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDB92294733745AFF22C1EBFD17E146" blockId="8.[151,1437,1157,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4733745AFF22C1EBFE98E389" bold="true" box="[151,274,1157,1183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Carapace rounded-trapezoidal to ovoid, wider than long in both sexes, female wider than male; dorsally convex longitudinally and transversely; regions not well defined; front and buccal cavern proportionally narrow (
<figureCitation id="135F8EAC4733745AFF2AC1A3FF64E3FE" box="[159,238,1229,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,454,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-152@9.[151,1435,453,1538]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cephalothorax and third maxilliped (mxp3) of Sakaina yokoyai (Glassell, 1933), RUMF-ZC-5827, female, 6.5 × 10.2 mm, Oshoro, Hokkaido. A, cephalothorax, anteroventral view; B, mxp 3, left, outer view (setae partially trimmed); C, mxp 3, left, inner view. c, carpus; d, dactylus; e, exopod; epm, epistome posterior margin; im, ischiomerus; p, propodus; pm, pterygostomial margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701353/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135F8EAC4733745AFF4FC1A3FE80E3F1" box="[250,266,1229,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,742,766]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,718]" captionTargetId="figure-17@10.[151,1437,181,718]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anterior part of cephalothorax and appendages of Sakaina yokoyai (Glassell, 1933). RUMF-ZC-5827, left side, female, 6.5 × 10.2 mm, Oshoro, Hokkaido.A, anterior view; B, anteroventral view. a1, antennal article 1; epm, epistome posterior margin; pm, pterygostomial margin. Arrowhead, possible opening for nephridiopore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701355" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701355/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">6</figureCitation>
). Epistome narrow transversely, buccal cavern subtriangular, small (
<figureCitation id="135F8EAC4733745AFBB0C1A3FBE2E3FE" box="[1029,1128,1229,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,454,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-152@9.[151,1435,453,1538]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cephalothorax and third maxilliped (mxp3) of Sakaina yokoyai (Glassell, 1933), RUMF-ZC-5827, female, 6.5 × 10.2 mm, Oshoro, Hokkaido. A, cephalothorax, anteroventral view; B, mxp 3, left, outer view (setae partially trimmed); C, mxp 3, left, inner view. c, carpus; d, dactylus; e, exopod; epm, epistome posterior margin; im, ischiomerus; p, propodus; pm, pterygostomial margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701353/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">Figs. 5A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135F8EAC4733745AFBC6C1A3FB09E3F1" box="[1139,1155,1229,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,742,766]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,718]" captionTargetId="figure-17@10.[151,1437,181,718]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anterior part of cephalothorax and appendages of Sakaina yokoyai (Glassell, 1933). RUMF-ZC-5827, left side, female, 6.5 × 10.2 mm, Oshoro, Hokkaido.A, anterior view; B, anteroventral view. a1, antennal article 1; epm, epistome posterior margin; pm, pterygostomial margin. Arrowhead, possible opening for nephridiopore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701355" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701355/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">6</figureCitation>
). Antennal article 1 oval, separated from buccal cavern by lateral end of epistome and anteromesial angle of pterygostomial region (
<figureCitation id="135F8EAC4733745AFAFAC19FFA04E21D" box="[1359,1422,1265,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,742,766]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,718]" captionTargetId="figure-17@10.[151,1437,181,718]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anterior part of cephalothorax and appendages of Sakaina yokoyai (Glassell, 1933). RUMF-ZC-5827, left side, female, 6.5 × 10.2 mm, Oshoro, Hokkaido.A, anterior view; B, anteroventral view. a1, antennal article 1; epm, epistome posterior margin; pm, pterygostomial margin. Arrowhead, possible opening for nephridiopore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701355" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701355/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">Fig 6</figureCitation>
). Mxp3 (
<figureCitation id="135F8EAC4733745AFF5CC07BFEA0E226" box="[233,298,1301,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,454,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-152@9.[151,1435,453,1538]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cephalothorax and third maxilliped (mxp3) of Sakaina yokoyai (Glassell, 1933), RUMF-ZC-5827, female, 6.5 × 10.2 mm, Oshoro, Hokkaido. A, cephalothorax, anteroventral view; B, mxp 3, left, outer view (setae partially trimmed); C, mxp 3, left, inner view. c, carpus; d, dactylus; e, exopod; epm, epistome posterior margin; im, ischiomerus; p, propodus; pm, pterygostomial margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701353/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) completely filling buccal cavern when closed (
<figureCitation id="135F8EAC4733745AFC8AC07BFC13E226" box="[831,921,1301,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,454,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-152@9.[151,1435,453,1538]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cephalothorax and third maxilliped (mxp3) of Sakaina yokoyai (Glassell, 1933), RUMF-ZC-5827, female, 6.5 × 10.2 mm, Oshoro, Hokkaido. A, cephalothorax, anteroventral view; B, mxp 3, left, outer view (setae partially trimmed); C, mxp 3, left, inner view. c, carpus; d, dactylus; e, exopod; epm, epistome posterior margin; im, ischiomerus; p, propodus; pm, pterygostomial margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701353/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
); ischium and merus completely fused to form ischiomerus; ischiomerus triangular, produced mesioproximally, palp 2- or 3-segmented, small, dactylus, if present, attached to distal end of propodus; exopod short, stout. Ambulatory legs bilaterally symmetrical, stout, length P2&gt;P3&gt;P4&gt;&gt;P5. Male pleonal somites and telson all free, strongly narrowed from somite 3 to 4, somites 5 and 6 narrow; telson much longer than combined length of somites 4–6, almost distally reaching imaginary line joining anterior angles of cheliped coxae. G1 long, slender, strongly bent mesially at proximal one-third to one-quarter, tapering distally. G2 small. Female pleonal somites and telson free, lateral margins converging distally from somite 3 to telson, forming triangular outline, leaving wide space between margins of pleon and thoracic sternum, telson distally reaching far short from buccal cavern.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EC1A24733745AFF72C337FC5FE181" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BDB92294733745AFF72C337FC29E165" blockId="8.[151,1437,1157,2012]" box="[199,931,1625,1652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4733745AFF72C337FEDEE165" bold="true" box="[199,340,1625,1651]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">
<typeStatus id="54DF2C8B4733745AFF72C337FE88E165" box="[199,258,1625,1651]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">Type</typeStatus>
genus.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4733745AFEEEC334FD04E162" ID-CoL="7PPYC" authority="Holmes, 1895" authorityName="Holmes" authorityYear="1895" box="[347,654,1625,1652]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Parapinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4733745AFEEEC334FE6DE165" box="[347,487,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">Parapinnixa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84733745AFE5BC337FD04E162" author="Holmes, S. J." box="[494,654,1625,1652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" pagination="563 - 588" refId="ref8615" refString="Holmes, S. J. (1895) Notes on west American Crustacea. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, series 2, 4, 563 - 588, pls. 20 - 21. [Dated 1894, published 1895]" type="journal article" year="1895">Holmes, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB92294733745AFF72C313FC5FE181" blockId="8.[151,1437,1157,2012]" box="[199,981,1661,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4733745AFF72C313FE1FE181" bold="true" box="[199,405,1661,1687]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">Genera included.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4733745AFE29C310FD45E18E" ID-CoL="7PPYC" authority="Holmes, 1895" authorityName="Holmes" authorityYear="1895" box="[412,719,1661,1688]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Parapinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4733745AFE29C310FDA2E181" box="[412,552,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">Parapinnixa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84733745AFD9AC313FD45E18E" author="Holmes, S. J." box="[559,719,1661,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" pagination="563 - 588" refId="ref8615" refString="Holmes, S. J. (1895) Notes on west American Crustacea. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, series 2, 4, 563 - 588, pls. 20 - 21. [Dated 1894, published 1895]" type="journal article" year="1895">Holmes, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4733745AFD6FC313FC5BE181" ID-CoL="7PYJK" authority="Serene, 1964" authorityName="Serene" authorityYear="1964" box="[730,977,1661,1687]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Sakaina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4733745AFD6FC313FCBEE181" box="[730,820,1661,1687]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">Sakaina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84733745AFC89C313FC5BE181" author="Serene, R." box="[828,977,1661,1687]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" pagination="181 - 282" refId="ref11410" refString="Serene, R. (1964) Goneplacidae et Pinnotheridae. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 1916, 80, 181 - 282, pls. 16 - 24." type="journal article" year="1964">Serène, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EC1A24733745BFF72C3CFFF48E0F4" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="549" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDB92294733745BFF72C3CFFDE4E6BB" blockId="8.[151,1437,1157,2012]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,150,429]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="549" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4733745AFF72C3CFFEB1E1AD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1697,1723]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">Remarks.</emphasis>
The
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4733745AFEC3C3CFFD34E1AA" authority="Stevcic, 2005" authorityName="Stevcic" authorityYear="2005" box="[374,702,1697,1726]" family="Parapinnixidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" rank="family">
Parapinnixidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84733745AFD90C3CDFD34E1AA" author="Stevcic, Z." box="[549,702,1697,1726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref11589" refString="Stevcic, Z. (2005) The reclassification of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Natura Croatica, 14, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="2005">Števčić, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(originally established as a tribe in
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4733745AFBE7C3CFFB7AE1AD" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[1106,1264,1697,1723]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pinnotheridae</taxonomicName>
) currently contains 10 species of
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4733745AFED8C3A8FD17E1F6" authority="Holmes, 1895" authorityName="Holmes" authorityYear="1895" box="[365,669,1733,1760]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Parapinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4733745AFED8C3A8FE73E1C9" box="[365,505,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">Parapinnixa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84733745AFDB5C3ABFD17E1F6" author="Holmes, S. J." box="[512,669,1733,1760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" pagination="563 - 588" refId="ref8615" refString="Holmes, S. J. (1895) Notes on west American Crustacea. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, series 2, 4, 563 - 588, pls. 20 - 21. [Dated 1894, published 1895]" type="journal article" year="1895">Holmes, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the western Atlantic and the eastern Pacific oceans (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84733745AFA9DC3ABFF7CE015" author="Schmitt, W. L. &amp; McCain, J. C. &amp; Davidson, E. S." pageId="8" pageNumber="548" refId="ref11357" refString="Schmitt, W. L., McCain, J. C. &amp; Davidson, E. S. (1973) Decapoda I. Brachyura I. Family Pinnotheridae. Crustaceorum Catalogus. Vol. 3. W. Junk B. V., The Hague, 160 pp." type="book" year="1973">
Schmitt
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4733745AFA3DC3A8FF27E015" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">et al</emphasis>
. 1973
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84733745AFEB7C387FD9FE015" author="Werding, B. &amp; Muller, H. G." box="[258,533,1769,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" pagination="221 - 227" refId="ref12432" refString="Werding, B. &amp; Muller, H. G. (1990) Die Gattung Parapinnixa Holmes 1894 an der Nordku ¨ ste Kolumbiens, mit Beschreibung von Parapinnixa magdalenensis n. sp. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pinnotheridae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 70 (1 / 3), 221 - 227." type="journal article" year="1990">Werding &amp; Müller 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84733745AFD94C387FD35E015" author="Campos, E." box="[545,703,1769,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" pagination="308 - 311" refId="ref7473" refString="Campos, E. (1994) Parapinnixa cubana, a new pea crab from Cuba (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 107 (2), 308 - 311." type="journal article" year="1994">Campos 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84733745AFD7EC387FC17E012" author="Thoma, B. P. &amp; Heard, R. W. &amp; Vargas, R." box="[715,925,1769,1796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" pagination="543 - 550" refId="ref11794" refString="Thoma, B. P., Heard, R. W. &amp; Vargas, R. (2005) A new species of Parapinnixa (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 118 (3), 543 - 550. https: // doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X (2005) 118 [543: ANSOPD] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2005">
Thoma
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4733745AFC94C384FCD9E015" box="[801,851,1769,1795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
), with a questionable record of
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4733745AFAB5C384FE84E031" authority="Holmes, 1900" authorityName="Holmes" authorityYear="1900" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Parapinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4733745AFAB5C384FAE8E015" box="[1280,1378,1769,1795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">P. affinis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84733745AFADCC387FE84E031" author="Holmes, S. J." pageId="8" pageNumber="548" pagination="1 - 263" refId="ref8660" refString="Holmes, S. J. (1900) Synopsis of California stalk-eyed Crustacea. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 7, 1 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 53705" type="journal article" year="1900">Holmes, 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from Siberia (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84733745AFE0DC263FDF2E031" author="Kobjakova, Z. I." box="[440,632,1805,1831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" pagination="220 - 248" refId="ref8901" refString="Kobjakova, Z. I. (1967) Decapoda (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the Possjet Bay (the Sea of Japan). Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas of the USSR, 5 (13), 220 - 248. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1967">Kobjakova 1967</bibRefCitation>
), seven species of
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4733745AFCF8C263FBCFE031" authority="Serene, 1964" authorityName="Serene" authorityYear="1964" box="[845,1093,1805,1831]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Sakaina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4733745AFCF8C263FC2DE031" box="[845,935,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">Sakaina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84733745AFC1AC263FBCFE031" author="Serene, R." box="[943,1093,1805,1831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" pagination="181 - 282" refId="ref11410" refString="Serene, R. (1964) Goneplacidae et Pinnotheridae. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 1916, 80, 181 - 282, pls. 16 - 24." type="journal article" year="1964">Serène, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from eastern coast of Eurasia (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84733745AFF2AC25FFEFFE05D" author="Kim, H. S. &amp; Sakai, T." box="[159,373,1841,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" pagination="29 - 31" refId="ref8857" refString="Kim, H. S. &amp; Sakai, T. (1972) A new pinnotherid crab of the genus Sakaina (decapod crustaceans) from Korea. Proceeding of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 8, 29 - 31." type="journal article" year="1972">Kim &amp; Sakai 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84733745AFE34C25FFDD2E05D" author="Schmitt, W. L. &amp; McCain, J. C. &amp; Davidson, E. S." box="[385,600,1841,1868]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" refId="ref11357" refString="Schmitt, W. L., McCain, J. C. &amp; Davidson, E. S. (1973) Decapoda I. Brachyura I. Family Pinnotheridae. Crustaceorum Catalogus. Vol. 3. W. Junk B. V., The Hague, 160 pp." type="book" year="1973">
Schmitt
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4733745AFE6BC25CFD85E05D" box="[478,527,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">et al</emphasis>
. 1973
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84733745AFDD6C25FFCA1E05D" author="Jiang, W. &amp; Liu, R" box="[611,811,1841,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" pagination="488 - 496" refId="ref8803" refString="Jiang, W. &amp; Liu, R (2011) New species and new records of pinnotherid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Yellow Sea. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 250, 488 - 496. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2011.05.001" type="journal article" year="2011">Jiang &amp; Liu 2011</bibRefCitation>
). They have a characteristic appearance with a roundedtrapezoidal to ovoid carapace contour and the ambulatory legs decreasing in length posteriorly. The most distinctive feature of
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4733745AFEBCC217FE3BE085" authorityName="Stevcic" authorityYear="2005" box="[265,433,1913,1939]" family="Parapinnixidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" rank="family">Parapinnixidae</taxonomicName>
is the very small mxp3 with triangular ischiomerus that is completely fused and produced mesioproximally. The mxp3 palp is also small and 2- or 3-segmented, and the distal article inserts at the tip of the preceding article. The buccal cavern is also small (
<figureCitation id="135F8EAC4733745AFD6FC2AFFCBFE0CA" box="[730,821,1985,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,454,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-152@9.[151,1435,453,1538]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cephalothorax and third maxilliped (mxp3) of Sakaina yokoyai (Glassell, 1933), RUMF-ZC-5827, female, 6.5 × 10.2 mm, Oshoro, Hokkaido. A, cephalothorax, anteroventral view; B, mxp 3, left, outer view (setae partially trimmed); C, mxp 3, left, inner view. c, carpus; d, dactylus; e, exopod; epm, epistome posterior margin; im, ischiomerus; p, propodus; pm, pterygostomial margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701353/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
), for example,
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4733745AFC56C2ACFA16E0CD" authority="(Lockington, 1876)" baseAuthorityName="Lockington" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[995,1436,1985,2011]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Parapinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitida">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4733745AFC56C2ACFB32E0CD" box="[995,1208,1985,2011]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="548">Parapinnixa nitida</emphasis>
(Lockington, 1876)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFF2AC5F9FEB6E7A7" author="Holmes, S. J." box="[159,316,150,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="563 - 588" refId="ref8615" refString="Holmes, S. J. (1895) Notes on west American Crustacea. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, series 2, 4, 563 - 588, pls. 20 - 21. [Dated 1894, published 1895]" type="journal article" year="1895">Holmes 1895</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 20, figs. 8, 9),
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4732745BFDA1C5F9FC59E7A7" authority="Rathbun, 1918" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1918" box="[532,979,151,177]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Parapinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hendersoni">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFDA1C5F9FCAEE7A7" box="[532,804,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">Parapinnixa hendersoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFC98C5F9FC59E7A7" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[813,979,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="1 - 461" refId="ref11065" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1918) The grapsoid crabs of America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 97, 1 - 461, pls. 1 - 161. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.97. i" type="journal article" year="1918">Rathbun, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFC57C5F9FB0DE7A7" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[994,1159,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="1 - 461" refId="ref11065" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1918) The grapsoid crabs of America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 97, 1 - 461, pls. 1 - 161. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.97. i" type="journal article" year="1918">Rathbun 1918</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 59, pl. 26, fig. 1, 3, 4),
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4732745BFF08C5D5FD90E7C3" authority="Serene, 1964" authorityName="Serene" authorityYear="1964" box="[189,538,187,213]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Sakaina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFF08C5D5FE0AE7C2" box="[189,384,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">Sakaina japonica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFE32C5D5FD90E7C3" author="Serene, R." box="[391,538,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="181 - 282" refId="ref11410" refString="Serene, R. (1964) Goneplacidae et Pinnotheridae. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 1916, 80, 181 - 282, pls. 16 - 24." type="journal article" year="1964">Serène, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFD9CC5D5FD30E7C3" author="Serene, R." box="[553,698,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="181 - 282" refId="ref11410" refString="Serene, R. (1964) Goneplacidae et Pinnotheridae. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 1916, 80, 181 - 282, pls. 16 - 24." type="journal article" year="1964">Serène 1964</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 22A;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFC87C5D5FC70E7C3" author="Jiang, W. &amp; Liu, R" box="[818,1018,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="488 - 496" refId="ref8803" refString="Jiang, W. &amp; Liu, R (2011) New species and new records of pinnotherid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Yellow Sea. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 250, 488 - 496. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2011.05.001" type="journal article" year="2011">Jiang &amp; Liu 2011</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 7B). In
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4732745BFB3CC5D5FAA2E7C3" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[1161,1320,187,213]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pinnotheridae</taxonomicName>
, the mxp3 is generally large, the palp is distinct, and the ischiomerus or merus are proportionally larger, and usually produced mesiosubdistally, forming a somewhat hatchet-shape, or subrhomboidal to subrectangular and distally wider or at least not distinctly narrower than the proximal part. The buccal cavern is large and semicircular, for example, the pinnotherine
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4732745BFE99C425FD48E673" authority="(Linnaeus, 1767)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[300,706,331,357]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisum">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFE99C425FE76E672" box="[300,508,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">Pinnotheres pisum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFDBEC425FD30E673" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[523,698,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" refId="ref9170" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1767) s. n. In: Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio duodecima, reformata. Regnum Animale. Tom. I. Pars II. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 533 - 1327. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 156772" type="book" year="1767">Linnaeus, 1767</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(Becker &amp; Türkay 2010: figs. 1C, 5C), the pinnixine
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4732745BFAA9C425FEF2E69F" authority="(Say, 1818)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFAA9C425FF7AE69F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">Pinnixa cylindrica</emphasis>
(Say, 1818)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFE32C401FDEAE69F" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[391,608,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="1 - 461" refId="ref11065" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1918) The grapsoid crabs of America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 97, 1 - 461, pls. 1 - 161. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.97. i" type="journal article" year="1918">Rathbun 1918: 160</bibRefCitation>
fig. 99a, pl. 35, fig.8), and the pinnixulaline
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4732745BFBEFC401FF52E6BB" authority="(Rathbun, 1931)" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1931" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnixuala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valerii">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFBEFC401FAACE69F" box="[1114,1318,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">Pinnixuala valerii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFA80C401FF5AE6BB" author="Rathbun, M. J." pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="262 - 263" refId="ref11114" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1931) A new species of pinnotherid crab from Costa Rica. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 21 (12), 262 - 263." type="journal article" year="1931">Rathbun, 1931</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFF52C4FDFD80E6BB" author="Palacios Theil, E. &amp; Cuesta, J. A. &amp; Felder, D. L." box="[231,522,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref10827" refString="Palacios Theil, E., Cuesta, J. A. &amp; Felder, D. L. (2016) Molecular evidence for non-monophyly of the pinnotheroid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheroidea), warranting taxonomic reappraisal. Invertebrate Systematics, 30, 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 15023" type="journal article" year="2016">
Palacios Theil
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFE3AC4FDFE4AE6BB" box="[399,448,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 9d).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1BC2A14732745BFF22C374FE0EE188" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701353" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7701353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701353/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" startId="9.[151,250,1562,1586]" targetBox="[151,1435,454,1538]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BDB92294732745BFF22C374FE0EE188" blockId="9.[151,1437,1562,1694]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFF22C374FE85E124" bold="true" box="[151,271,1562,1586]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
. Cephalothorax and third maxilliped (mxp3) of
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4732745BFCBDC374FBEBE124" authority="(Glassell, 1933)" baseAuthorityName="Glassell" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[776,1121,1562,1586]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Sakaina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yokoyai">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFCBDC374FC38E124" box="[776,946,1562,1586]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">Sakaina yokoyai</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFC77C374FBD0E124" author="Glassell, S. A." box="[962,1114,1562,1586]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="319 - 330" refId="ref8376" refString="Glassell, S. A. (1933) Notes on Parapinnixa affinis Holmes and its allies. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 7 (27), 319 - 330. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 6163" type="journal article" year="1933">Glassell, 1933</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, RUMF-ZC-5827, female, 6.5 × 10.2 mm, Oshoro, Hokkaido. A, cephalothorax, anteroventral view; B, mxp 3, left, outer view (setae partially trimmed); C, mxp 3, left, inner view. c, carpus; d, dactylus; e, exopod; epm, epistome posterior margin; im, ischiomerus; p, propodus; pm, pterygostomial margin.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDB92294732745BFF72C3A2FF48E0F4" blockId="9.[151,1437,1740,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">
Another diagnostic character of
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4732745BFD8EC3A2FD69E1F0" authorityName="Stevcic" authorityYear="2005" box="[571,739,1740,1766]" family="Parapinnixidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="548" rank="family">Parapinnixidae</taxonomicName>
is the very slender G1 that is markedly bent mesially at the proximal one-third to one-quarter (
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4732745BFD95C39FFCB2E01C" authority="Campos, 1994" authorityName="Campos" authorityYear="1994" box="[544,824,1776,1802]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnixuala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cubana">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFD95C39FFD04E01C" box="[544,654,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">P. cubana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFD23C39EFCB2E01C" author="Campos, E." box="[662,824,1776,1802]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="308 - 311" refId="ref7473" refString="Campos, E. (1994) Parapinnixa cubana, a new pea crab from Cuba (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 107 (2), 308 - 311." type="journal article" year="1994">Campos, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFCF2C39EFC62E01C" author="Campos, E." box="[839,1000,1776,1802]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="308 - 311" refId="ref7473" refString="Campos, E. (1994) Parapinnixa cubana, a new pea crab from Cuba (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 107 (2), 308 - 311." type="journal article" year="1994">Campos 1994</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2F);
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4732745BFBE3C39FFEA3E038" authority="Werding &amp; Muller, 1990" authorityName="Werding &amp; Muller" authorityYear="1990" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnixuala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magdalenensis">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFBE3C39FFA92E01C" box="[1110,1304,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">P. magdalenensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFAAAC39EFEA3E038" author="Werding, B. &amp; Muller, H. G." pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="221 - 227" refId="ref12432" refString="Werding, B. &amp; Muller, H. G. (1990) Die Gattung Parapinnixa Holmes 1894 an der Nordku ¨ ste Kolumbiens, mit Beschreibung von Parapinnixa magdalenensis n. sp. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pinnotheridae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 70 (1 / 3), 221 - 227." type="journal article" year="1990">Werding &amp; Müller, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFE82C27AFDC7E038" author="Werding, B. &amp; Muller, H. G." box="[311,589,1812,1838]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="221 - 227" refId="ref12432" refString="Werding, B. &amp; Muller, H. G. (1990) Die Gattung Parapinnixa Holmes 1894 an der Nordku ¨ ste Kolumbiens, mit Beschreibung von Parapinnixa magdalenensis n. sp. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pinnotheridae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 70 (1 / 3), 221 - 227." type="journal article" year="1990">Werding &amp; Müller 1990</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1e);
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4732745BFD0CC27AFCBDE038" authorityName="Serene" authorityYear="1964" box="[697,823,1812,1838]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Sakaina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFD0CC27AFCBDE038" box="[697,823,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">S. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFCF3C27AFC52E038" author="Serene, R." box="[838,984,1812,1838]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="181 - 282" refId="ref11410" refString="Serene, R. (1964) Goneplacidae et Pinnotheridae. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 1916, 80, 181 - 282, pls. 16 - 24." type="journal article" year="1964">Serène 1964</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 22C;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFBFBC27AFA9DE038" author="Jiang, W. &amp; Liu, R" box="[1102,1303,1812,1838]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="488 - 496" refId="ref8803" refString="Jiang, W. &amp; Liu, R (2011) New species and new records of pinnotherid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Yellow Sea. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 250, 488 - 496. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2011.05.001" type="journal article" year="2011">Jiang &amp; Liu 2011</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 7E);
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4732745BFA32C27AFF64E044" baseAuthorityName="Glassell" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Sakaina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yokoyai">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFA32C27AFF64E044" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">S. yokoyai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFF48C256FE5EE044" author="Takeda, M. &amp; Maruyama, S. &amp; Konishi, K." box="[253,468,1848,1875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="89 - 95" refId="ref11739" refString="Takeda, M., Maruyama, S. &amp; Konishi, K. (1991) Taxonomical and biogeographical notes on Sakaina yokoyai (Glassell) from northern Japan (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pinnotheridae). Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 46 (9), 89 - 95." type="journal article" year="1991">
Takeda
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFEEDC257FE00E044" box="[344,394,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">et al</emphasis>
. 1991
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4E)). The G1 of
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4732745BFD7EC256FCEDE044" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[715,871,1848,1874]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pinnotheridae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4732745BFC2BC256FB92E044" authority="Tsang &amp; Naruse, 2023" authorityName="Tsang &amp; Naruse" authorityYear="2023" box="[926,1048,1848,1874]" family="Tetriasidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Tetriasidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFB95C256FB05E044" bold="true" box="[1056,1167,1848,1874]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A223F3404732745BFB95C256FB05E044" box="[1056,1167,1848,1874]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" rank="family">fam. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is generally simple and straight to broadly curved, but not marked bent at the subproximal part, for example, the pinnotherine
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4732745BFAA3C232FE28E08C" authority="(Linnaeus, 1767)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisum">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFAA3C232FF50E08C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">Pinnotheres pisum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFF5FC2EEFE10E08C" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[234,410,1920,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" refId="ref9170" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1767) s. n. In: Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio duodecima, reformata. Regnum Animale. Tom. I. Pars II. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 533 - 1327. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 156772" type="book" year="1767">Linnaeus, 1767</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(Becker &amp; Türkay 2010: fig. 4C, D), the pinnixine
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4732745BFC58C2EFFACDE08C" authority="(Say, 1818)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1005,1351,1920,1946]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFC58C2EFFB34E08C" box="[1005,1214,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">Pinnixa cylindrica</emphasis>
(Say, 1818)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFAE3C2EEFED1E0A8" author="Heard, R. W. &amp; Manning, R. B." pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="393 - 398" refId="ref8549" refString="Heard, R. W. &amp; Manning, R. B. (1997) Austinixa, a new genus of pinnotherid crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), with the description of A. hardyi, a new species from Tobago, West Indies. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 110 (3), 393 - 398." type="journal article" year="1997">
<collectingCountry id="F373D2B94732745BFAE3C2EEFA16E08C" box="[1366,1436,1920,1946]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">Heard</collectingCountry>
&amp; Manning 1997
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1e), and the pinnixulaline
<taxonomicName id="4C64E9AA4732745BFD00C2CAFBB7E0A8" authority="(Rathbun, 1931)" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[693,1085,1956,1982]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnixuala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valerii">
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFD00C2CAFCF5E0A8" box="[693,895,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">Pinnixuala valerii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFC3BC2CAFBBFE0A8" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[910,1077,1956,1982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="262 - 263" refId="ref11114" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1931) A new species of pinnotherid crab from Costa Rica. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 21 (12), 262 - 263." type="journal article" year="1931">Rathbun, 1931</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5EFD84732745BFBFEC2CAFAE6E0A8" author="Palacios Theil, E. &amp; Cuesta, J. A. &amp; Felder, D. L." box="[1099,1388,1956,1982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="549" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref10827" refString="Palacios Theil, E., Cuesta, J. A. &amp; Felder, D. L. (2016) Molecular evidence for non-monophyly of the pinnotheroid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheroidea), warranting taxonomic reappraisal. Invertebrate Systematics, 30, 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 15023" type="journal article" year="2016">
Palacios Theil
<emphasis id="B9104E3B4732745BFB47C2CBFAA0E0A8" box="[1266,1322,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="549">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 9a).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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