630 lines
98 KiB
XML
630 lines
98 KiB
XML
<document id="3F7EB2D86B28BBFFBD5450FC0F3FEDE5" ID-CLB-Dataset="31145" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4365.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f910478a-92a3-4de6-8d96-d8d37ce28163" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1117608" ID-ZooBank="D9EA4014-FE5B-4F23-86F8-9E2853A312C2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1513583912014" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins" docDate="2017" docId="03CC878EFFD3FFB7FF4EFA19619C1534" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4365.2.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4365 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rufocumbre lucasi Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="ADF19B01-2D4F-4C1D-8E20-9AD0410159AF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="215" masterDocId="FFF5FFF6FFC3FFA4FFD9FFCD60661333" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of Rufocumbre gen. nov., a new Moncini skipper genus (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="216" masterPageNumber="196" pageNumber="212" updateTime="1698510150032" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BAA1BD60D9944EC2DBA70553AFA225D8">
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<mods:title id="9240E76224D53CF529C72A27B1A44D7D">Taxonomy of Rufocumbre gen. nov., a new Moncini skipper genus (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="DC046D56AB048D682086A0519FBC2A6D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C19A45AB047DB4866180C3CFCF586B46">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="71888AA7DCC029AFD449AAC5F2EABD86">Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F67846CD580CA704D37018CF971C170A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B59BF969711580A6F3B319BAA620C8BE">Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F1BF5FA0FD78AF5EDA0BA7EA7510342E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EB52F222A7D456504B75E6CBBDF78742">Casagrande, Mirna Martins</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1A54161A09F567E8BFBBFEF057BDB91A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="89E0CD05070C0152601C4257CF393455">
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<mods:date id="39459D4089129F3F21C8DD40B0AB9339">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1A3BE84C75A27A239333974FF72F1E14">2017-12-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5700386CF8EAC72809BB81B348E703EF">4365</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0AFF4986B5BE766D3F8E42CF2DA76B38" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C4BDE545556EF8E051D7A141B7581E8E">2</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03CC878EFFD3FFB7FF4EFA19619C1534" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6032063" ID-GBIF-Taxon="139334127" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6032063" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ADF19B01-2D4F-4C1D-8E20-9AD0410159AF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC878EFFD3FFB7FF4EFA19619C1534" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">
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<subSubSection id="C37F6513FFD3FFB4FF4EFA1961801502" pageId="16" pageNumber="212" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD3FFB4FF4EFA19618416DD" blockId="16.[151,976,1492,1585]" box="[151,482,1492,1518]" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">
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<heading id="D09281F4FFD3FFB4FF4EFA19618416DD" bold="true" box="[151,482,1492,1518]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="212" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD3FFB4FF4EFA19618416DD" bold="true" box="[151,482,1492,1518]" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD3FFB4FF4EFA19611B16DD" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,381,1492,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucasi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD3FFB4FF4EFA19611B16DD" bold="true" box="[151,381,1492,1518]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">Rufocumbre lucasi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257F1FFD3FFB4FE5DFA19618416DD" box="[388,482,1492,1518]" pageId="16" pageNumber="212" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD3FFB4FF4EFA3B61801502" blockId="16.[151,976,1492,1585]" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ADF19B01-2D4F-4C1D-8E20-9AD0410159AF
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<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD3FFB4FF4EF9D561701503" box="[151,278,1560,1585]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–20" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,195,1478]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–20. Species of Rufocumbre in dorsal and ventral views, male (left) and female (right). 1–4, R. celioi sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype. 5–8, R. emeryi sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype. 9–12, R. eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., male (OM 59.360) and female (OM 19.333) from Caraça, Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 13–16, R. schneideri sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype. 17–20, R. lucasi sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype.Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117610/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">Figs 17–20</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD3FFB4FEFBF9D561271502" box="[290,321,1560,1585]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1230,1252]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,195,1206]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1206]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 21–25. Male brand in dorsal forewing of species of Rufocumbre. 21, R. celioi sp. nov., paratype from Boa Vista, Tibagi, Paraná, Brazil (OM 52.771). 22, R. emeryi sp. nov., paratype from Córrego Grotão, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brazil (DZ 8.676). 23, R. eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., from Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil (OM 65.904). 24, R. schneideri sp. nov., paratype from RPPN Ninho do Corvo, Prudentópolis, Paraná, Brazil (DD 207). 25, R. lucasi sp. nov., paratype from Morro do Pai Inácio, Palmeiras, Bahia, Brazil (OM 50.016).Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117612/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">25</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD3FFB4FE95F9D5610C1503" box="[332,362,1560,1584]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–37" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,700,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,700,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 35–37. Male genitalia of species of Rufocumbre.Left to right: dorsal view of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; ventral view of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; lateral view of tegumen, saccus, uncus and gnathos; left view of the right valva; posterior and lateral views of fultura inferior; lateral left, dorsal, ventral and lateral right views of the aedeagus. 35, R. eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., from Caraça, Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brazil (DZ 15.367). 36, R. schneideri sp. nov., paratype from Ventania, Paraná, Brazil (DZ 15.736). 37, R. lucasi sp. nov., paratype from Morro do Pai Inácio, Palmeiras, Bahia, Brazil (OM 50.016). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117618/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">37</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD3FFB4FEAFF9D561F21503" box="[374,404,1560,1584]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–42" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[157,1409,201,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 40–42. Female genitalia of species of Rufocumbre in ventral view. Papilla analis, sterigma, tergum VIII and bursa copulatrix.40, R.eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., from Ouro Preto,Minas Gerais, Brazil(OM 66.016).41, R.schneideri sp. nov., paratype from Serra Grande, Conceição dos Ouros, Minas Gerais, Brazil (OM 59.073). 42, R. lucasi sp. nov., paratype from Morro do Pai Inácio, Palmeiras, Bahia, Brazil (OM 50.179).Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117622/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">42</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD3FFB4FE79F9D561D81503" box="[416,446,1560,1584]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–47" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1273,1295]" captionTargetBox="[163,1431,210,1244]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1252]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 43–47. Female genitalia of species of Rufocumbre in lateral view. Papilla analis, sterigma, tergum VIII and bursa copulatrix. 43, R. celioi sp. nov., paratype from Bituva, Mafra, Santa Catarina, Brazil (DZ 17.124). 44, R. emeryi sp. nov., paratype from Fazenda Água Limpa, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil (DZ 20.891). 45, R. eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., from Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil (OM 66.016). 46, R. schneideri sp. nov., paratype from Serra Grande, Conceição dos Ouros, Minas Gerais, Brazil (OM 59.073). 47, R. lucasi sp. nov., paratype from Morro do Pai Inácio, Palmeiras, Bahia, Brazil (OM 50.179).Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117624/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">47</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD3FFB4FE13F9D561801502" box="[458,486,1560,1585]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1317,1339]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,195,1293]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1437,195,1293]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 56.Geographical distribution of Rufocumbre schneideri sp. nov. and R.lucasi sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117632/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">56</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6513FFD3FFB4FF4EF9AD63E8143B" pageId="16" pageNumber="212" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD3FFB4FF4EF9AD63E8143B" blockId="16.[151,1436,1632,1981]" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">
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<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD3FFB4FF4EF9AD6177154A" bold="true" box="[151,273,1632,1657]" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD3FFB4FEC2F9AD6189154A" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[283,495,1632,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucasi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD3FFB4FEC2F9AD6189154A" box="[283,495,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">Rufocumbre lucasi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257F1FFD3FFB4FE20F9AD6230154A" box="[505,598,1632,1657]" pageId="16" pageNumber="212" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD3FFB4FE20F9AD6230154A" bold="true" box="[505,598,1632,1657]" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is distinguished from all the other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD3FFB4FBB5F9AD6492154A" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[1132,1268,1632,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD3FFB4FBB5F9AD6492154A" box="[1132,1268,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">Rufocumbre</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the yellow costal area of the ventral forewing and basal and postdiscal bands of the ventral hind wing (
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<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD3FFB4FB64F949652215AE" box="[1213,1348,1668,1693]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–20" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,195,1478]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–20. Species of Rufocumbre in dorsal and ventral views, male (left) and female (right). 1–4, R. celioi sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype. 5–8, R. emeryi sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype. 9–12, R. eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., male (OM 59.360) and female (OM 19.333) from Caraça, Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 13–16, R. schneideri sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype. 17–20, R. lucasi sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype.Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117610/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">Figs 18, 20</figureCitation>
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); uncus widely bifid, with the arms thick, divergent and with a rounded tip; distal spine of the harpe short and pointed, never extending beyond the distal margin of ampulla (
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<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD3FFB4FD22F901633615D6" box="[763,848,1740,1765]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–37" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,700,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,700,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 35–37. Male genitalia of species of Rufocumbre.Left to right: dorsal view of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; ventral view of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; lateral view of tegumen, saccus, uncus and gnathos; left view of the right valva; posterior and lateral views of fultura inferior; lateral left, dorsal, ventral and lateral right views of the aedeagus. 35, R. eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., from Caraça, Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brazil (DZ 15.367). 36, R. schneideri sp. nov., paratype from Ventania, Paraná, Brazil (DZ 15.736). 37, R. lucasi sp. nov., paratype from Morro do Pai Inácio, Palmeiras, Bahia, Brazil (OM 50.016). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117618/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
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); lamella antevaginalis widely bifid, with broad and convergent projections, having the tips abruptly narrowed (
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<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD3FFB4FCF7F93D63E4143B" box="[814,898,1776,1801]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–42" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[157,1409,201,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 40–42. Female genitalia of species of Rufocumbre in ventral view. Papilla analis, sterigma, tergum VIII and bursa copulatrix.40, R.eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., from Ouro Preto,Minas Gerais, Brazil(OM 66.016).41, R.schneideri sp. nov., paratype from Serra Grande, Conceição dos Ouros, Minas Gerais, Brazil (OM 59.073). 42, R. lucasi sp. nov., paratype from Morro do Pai Inácio, Palmeiras, Bahia, Brazil (OM 50.179).Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117622/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6513FFD3FFB5FF1EF8D963971540" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="16" pageNumber="212" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD3FFB4FF1EF8D96391141F" blockId="16.[151,1436,1632,1981]" box="[199,1015,1812,1837]" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">
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||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD3FFB4FF1EF8D9613F141E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1812,1837]" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD3FFB4FE86F8D8627E141E" box="[351,536,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">Forewing length</emphasis>
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: Male 14.8-16.8 mm, female 15.5-18 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD3FFB4FF1EF8F465121462" blockId="16.[151,1436,1632,1981]" box="[199,1396,1848,1873]" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">
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<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD3FFB4FF1EF8F461E41462" box="[199,386,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">Forewing dorsal</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD3FFB4FE49F8F562771463" box="[400,529,1848,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–20" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,195,1478]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–20. Species of Rufocumbre in dorsal and ventral views, male (left) and female (right). 1–4, R. celioi sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype. 5–8, R. emeryi sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype. 9–12, R. eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., male (OM 59.360) and female (OM 19.333) from Caraça, Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 13–16, R. schneideri sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype. 17–20, R. lucasi sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype.Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117610/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">Figs 17, 19</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD3FFB4FDC4F8F5625B1462" box="[541,573,1848,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1230,1252]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,195,1206]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1206]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 21–25. Male brand in dorsal forewing of species of Rufocumbre. 21, R. celioi sp. nov., paratype from Boa Vista, Tibagi, Paraná, Brazil (OM 52.771). 22, R. emeryi sp. nov., paratype from Córrego Grotão, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brazil (DZ 8.676). 23, R. eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., from Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil (OM 65.904). 24, R. schneideri sp. nov., paratype from RPPN Ninho do Corvo, Prudentópolis, Paraná, Brazil (DD 207). 25, R. lucasi sp. nov., paratype from Morro do Pai Inácio, Palmeiras, Bahia, Brazil (OM 50.016).Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117612/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">25</figureCitation>
|
||
): brand with smooth margins; superior and inferior projections narrowed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD3FFB4FF1EF89064D81446" blockId="16.[151,1436,1632,1981]" box="[199,1214,1884,1909]" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD3FFB4FF1EF89061EF1446" box="[199,393,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">Forewing ventral</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD3FFB4FE41F891627A1446" box="[408,540,1884,1909]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–20" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,195,1478]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–20. Species of Rufocumbre in dorsal and ventral views, male (left) and female (right). 1–4, R. celioi sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype. 5–8, R. emeryi sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype. 9–12, R. eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., male (OM 59.360) and female (OM 19.333) from Caraça, Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 13–16, R. schneideri sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype. 17–20, R. lucasi sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype.Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117610/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">Figs 18, 20</figureCitation>
|
||
): subapical hyaline spots partially covered by yellow scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD3FFB4FF1EF84D63F5148E" blockId="16.[151,1436,1632,1981]" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD3FFB4FF1EF84D61F214AA" box="[199,404,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">Hind wing ventral</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD3FFB4FE7AF84D624114AB" box="[419,551,1920,1945]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–20" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,195,1478]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–20. Species of Rufocumbre in dorsal and ventral views, male (left) and female (right). 1–4, R. celioi sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype. 5–8, R. emeryi sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype. 9–12, R. eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., male (OM 59.360) and female (OM 19.333) from Caraça, Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 13–16, R. schneideri sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype. 17–20, R. lucasi sp. nov., male holotype and female allotype.Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117610/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="212">Figs 18, 20</figureCitation>
|
||
): basal and postdiscal bands yellow, without gray to purple scales on the basal band; discal band narrow, proximally inclined near to costal margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1A6610FFD2FFB5FF4EFAE864B11608" box="[151,1239,1317,1339]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117630/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1293]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD2FFB5FF4EFAE864B11608" blockId="17.[151,1239,1317,1339]" box="[151,1239,1317,1339]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FF4EFAE861461608" bold="true" box="[151,288,1317,1339]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">FIGURE 55.</emphasis>
|
||
Geographical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD2FFB5FD92FAE863771608" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[587,785,1317,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emeryi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FD92FAE863771608" box="[587,785,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">Rufocumbre emeryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257F1FFD2FFB5FCCEFAE8630E1608" box="[791,872,1317,1339]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FCCEFAE8630E1608" bold="true" box="[791,872,1317,1339]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD2FFB5FC40FAEB63961608" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[921,1008,1317,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eberti" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FC40FAEB63961608" box="[921,1008,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">R. eberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257F1FFD2FFB5FC2FFAE864B11608" box="[1014,1239,1317,1339]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">stat. nov., comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD2FFB5FF1EFAAA63A516D4" blockId="17.[151,1436,1383,2032]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FF1EFAAA610816B3" box="[199,366,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD2FFB5FE59FAAA61B116B3" box="[384,471,1383,1408]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–37" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,700,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,700,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 35–37. Male genitalia of species of Rufocumbre.Left to right: dorsal view of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; ventral view of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; lateral view of tegumen, saccus, uncus and gnathos; left view of the right valva; posterior and lateral views of fultura inferior; lateral left, dorsal, ventral and lateral right views of the aedeagus. 35, R. eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., from Caraça, Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brazil (DZ 15.367). 36, R. schneideri sp. nov., paratype from Ventania, Paraná, Brazil (DZ 15.736). 37, R. lucasi sp. nov., paratype from Morro do Pai Inácio, Palmeiras, Bahia, Brazil (OM 50.016). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117618/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
): Fenestra semicircular; uncus widely bifid, arms thick and divergent, tips rounded; ampulla largely projected distally, proximal margin with a broad and rounded projection, and a short dorsal concavity close to the distal margin; distal spine of harpe short and pointed, never exceeding the distal margin of ampulla; aedeagus distal end with unequal projections, cornutus present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD2FFB5FF1EFA3F63971540" blockId="17.[151,1436,1383,2032]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FF1EFA3F61EC1538" box="[199,394,1522,1547]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD2FFB5FE44FA3F619E1538" box="[413,504,1522,1547]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–42" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[157,1409,201,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 40–42. Female genitalia of species of Rufocumbre in ventral view. Papilla analis, sterigma, tergum VIII and bursa copulatrix.40, R.eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., from Ouro Preto,Minas Gerais, Brazil(OM 66.016).41, R.schneideri sp. nov., paratype from Serra Grande, Conceição dos Ouros, Minas Gerais, Brazil (OM 59.073). 42, R. lucasi sp. nov., paratype from Morro do Pai Inácio, Palmeiras, Bahia, Brazil (OM 50.179).Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117622/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">Figs 42</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD2FFB5FDD1FA3E624E1538" box="[520,552,1523,1547]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–47" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1273,1295]" captionTargetBox="[163,1431,210,1244]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1252]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 43–47. Female genitalia of species of Rufocumbre in lateral view. Papilla analis, sterigma, tergum VIII and bursa copulatrix. 43, R. celioi sp. nov., paratype from Bituva, Mafra, Santa Catarina, Brazil (DZ 17.124). 44, R. emeryi sp. nov., paratype from Fazenda Água Limpa, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil (DZ 20.891). 45, R. eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., from Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil (OM 66.016). 46, R. schneideri sp. nov., paratype from Serra Grande, Conceição dos Ouros, Minas Gerais, Brazil (OM 59.073). 47, R. lucasi sp. nov., paratype from Morro do Pai Inácio, Palmeiras, Bahia, Brazil (OM 50.179).Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117624/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">47</figureCitation>
|
||
): Lamella antevaginalis widely bifid from base, with broad and convergent projections, tips abruptly narrowed; lamella postvaginalis with the distal margin bifid, having two long, large, pointed and convergent projections; ductus bursae smooth at the insertion with the corpus bursae; corpus bursae with two long and large lines of signa, extending for almost all its extension.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6513FFD2FFB5FF1EF9B0621514C3" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD2FFB5FF1EF9B0629614BB" blockId="17.[151,1436,1383,2032]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FF1EF9B0612915A5" bold="true" box="[199,335,1661,1686]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD2FFB5FE8EF9B0624F15A5" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[343,553,1661,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucasi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FE8EF9B0624F15A5" box="[343,553,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">Rufocumbre lucasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257F1FFD2FFB5FDE8F9B062ED15A5" box="[561,651,1661,1686]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FDE8F9B062ED15A5" bold="true" box="[561,651,1661,1686]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was never included in previous studies. The typical yellow basal and postdiscal bands of the hind wing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD2FFB5FDE0F96C62FD158B" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[569,667,1695,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucasi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FDE0F96C62FD158B" box="[569,667,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">R. lucasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257F1FFD2FFB5FD7AF9526298158B" box="[675,766,1695,1720]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FD7AF9526298158B" bold="true" box="[675,766,1695,1720]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is unique among the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD2FFB5FBB0F9526497158B" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[1129,1265,1695,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FBB0F9526497158B" box="[1129,1265,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">Rufocumbre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257F1FFD2FFB5FB20F9526505158B" box="[1273,1379,1695,1720]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FB20F9526505158B" bold="true" box="[1273,1379,1695,1720]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">gen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
This color pattern, however, is shared with a single female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD2FFB5FCF3F90963EB15E8" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[810,909,1730,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FCF3F90963EB15E8" box="[810,909,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">R. eberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Serra da Maravilha, Senhor do Bonfim, Bahia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD2FFB5FF3FF92B61B315CD" author="Zacca, T. & Bravo, F." box="[230,469,1766,1790]" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" pagination="117 - 126" part="12" refString="Zacca, T. & Bravo, F. (2012) Borboletas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea e Hesperioidea) da porcao norte da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 12 (2), 117 - 126." title="Borboletas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea e Hesperioidea) da porcao norte da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil" type="journal article" year="2012">Zacca & Bravo 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, the analysis of the genitalia for both sexes of these species is required to ensure their identity. While dissection of the females of these species is necessary to distinguish them properly, dissection is not required to distinguish males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD2FFB5FD9CF8E162C11470" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[581,679,1834,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucasi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FD9CF8E162C11470" box="[581,679,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">R. lucasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257F1FFD2FFB5FD77F8E7636E1470" box="[686,776,1834,1859]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FD77F8E7636E1470" bold="true" box="[686,776,1834,1859]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD2FFB5FC74F8E1646B1470" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[941,1037,1834,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FC74F8E1646B1470" box="[941,1037,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">R. eberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since removing scales of the tip of the abdomen is sufficient to see whether the distal projection of the harpe exceeds the distal margin of the ampulla (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD2FFB5FF79F8BC616614BB" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[160,256,1903,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FF79F8BC616614BB" box="[160,256,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">R. eberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD2FFB5FED7F8A2613914BB" box="[270,351,1903,1928]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–37" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,700,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,700,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 35–37. Male genitalia of species of Rufocumbre.Left to right: dorsal view of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; ventral view of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; lateral view of tegumen, saccus, uncus and gnathos; left view of the right valva; posterior and lateral views of fultura inferior; lateral left, dorsal, ventral and lateral right views of the aedeagus. 35, R. eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., from Caraça, Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brazil (DZ 15.367). 36, R. schneideri sp. nov., paratype from Ventania, Paraná, Brazil (DZ 15.736). 37, R. lucasi sp. nov., paratype from Morro do Pai Inácio, Palmeiras, Bahia, Brazil (OM 50.016). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117618/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
) or not (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD2FFB5FE18F8BC624514BB" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[449,547,1903,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucasi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FE18F8BC624514BB" box="[449,547,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">R. lucasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257F1FFD2FFB5FDF3F8A262E514BB" box="[554,643,1903,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FDF3F8A262E514BB" bold="true" box="[554,643,1903,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD2FFB5FD48F8A2628514BB" box="[657,739,1903,1928]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–37" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,700,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,700,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 35–37. Male genitalia of species of Rufocumbre.Left to right: dorsal view of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; ventral view of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; lateral view of tegumen, saccus, uncus and gnathos; left view of the right valva; posterior and lateral views of fultura inferior; lateral left, dorsal, ventral and lateral right views of the aedeagus. 35, R. eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., from Caraça, Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brazil (DZ 15.367). 36, R. schneideri sp. nov., paratype from Ventania, Paraná, Brazil (DZ 15.736). 37, R. lucasi sp. nov., paratype from Morro do Pai Inácio, Palmeiras, Bahia, Brazil (OM 50.016). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117618/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD2FFB5FF1EF85F621514C3" blockId="17.[151,1436,1383,2032]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FF1EF85F62DC1498" bold="true" box="[199,698,1938,1963]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">Geographical distribution and phenology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD2FFB5FD18F85F63F51498" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[705,915,1938,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucasi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FD18F85F63F51498" box="[705,915,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">Rufocumbre lucasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257F1FFD2FFB5FC43F85F63921498" box="[922,1012,1938,1963]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD2FFB5FC43F85F63921498" bold="true" box="[922,1012,1938,1963]" pageId="17" pageNumber="213">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is only known from areas throughout Serra do Espinhaço, in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, between 850 and 1600 m. Specimens were collected in January, March, August and September.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1A6610FFD1FFB6FF4EFAE8640B1608" box="[151,1133,1317,1339]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117632/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="214" targetBox="[151,1437,195,1293]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD1FFB6FF4EFAE8640B1608" blockId="18.[151,1133,1317,1339]" box="[151,1133,1317,1339]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FF4EFAE861461608" bold="true" box="[151,288,1317,1339]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">FIGURE 56.</emphasis>
|
||
Geographical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD1FFB6FD92FAE863531608" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[587,821,1317,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FD92FAE863531608" box="[587,821,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">Rufocumbre schneideri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257F1FFD1FFB6FCE5FAE863EA1608" box="[828,908,1317,1339]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FCE5FAE863EA1608" bold="true" box="[828,908,1317,1339]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD1FFB6FC64FAEB64701608" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[957,1046,1317,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucasi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FC64FAEB64701608" box="[957,1046,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">R. lucasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257F1FFD1FFB6FBC5FAE8640B1608" box="[1052,1133,1317,1339]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6513FFD1FFB6FF1EFAAA623A1697" pageId="18" pageNumber="214" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD1FFB6FF1EFAAA623A1697" blockId="18.[151,1436,1383,1949]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FF1EFAAA612816B3" bold="true" box="[199,334,1383,1408]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is dedicated in memory of the late Lucas Caminha Beltrami, a student and friend who started the work with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD1FFB6FE25FA4162331696" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[508,597,1420,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FE25FA4162331696" box="[508,597,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">Cumbre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6513FFD1FFB6FF1EFA6261E314AF" pageId="18" pageNumber="214" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD1FFB6FF1EFA6263D3153C" blockId="18.[151,1436,1383,1949]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FF1EFA6261D116FB" bold="true" box="[199,439,1455,1480]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">Examined material.</emphasis>
|
||
The holotype male has the following labels: /
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CC5FFD1FFB6FC05FA7D63D3153C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1795578267" collectingDate="1999-03-12" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="MIELKE" country="Brazil" determinerName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" elevation="850" location="[MORRO DO] PAI INÁCIO [,] PALMEIRAS" pageId="18" pageNumber="214" specimenCode="OM 50.193" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="BAHIA" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE883AFFD1FFB6FC05FA7D64E416FB" box="[988,1154,1456,1480]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214" type="holotype">HOLOTYPUS</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9FE9B0FFD1FFB6FB46FA7D654716FB" box="[1183,1313,1456,1480]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214" value="1999-03-12">
|
||
<date id="FFDB1058FFD1FFB6FB46FA7D654716FB" box="[1183,1313,1456,1480]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214" value="1999-03-12">12-III-1999</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
<location id="8EBA6043FFD1FFB6FAF5FA7D624916DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC878EFFD3FFB7FF4EFA19619C1534:8EBA6043FFD1FFB6FAF5FA7D624916DF" country="Brazil" name="[MORRO DO] PAI INÁCIO [,] PALMEIRAS" pageId="18" pageNumber="214" stateProvince="BAHIA">[MORRO DO] PAI INÁCIO[,] PALMEIRAS</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A1F87AFFD1FFB6FDE7FA1962FA16DF" box="[574,668,1492,1516]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">BAHIA</collectingRegion>
|
||
[,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727608FFD1FFB6FD6AFA19637816DF" box="[691,798,1492,1516]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
,]
|
||
<elevation id="0048D1ABFFD1FFB6FCEAFA19631016DE" box="[819,886,1492,1517]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="214" unit="m" value="850.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D9B7DFFD1FFB6FCEAFA19631016DE" box="[819,886,1492,1517]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="214" unit="m" value="850.0">850m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2690534EFFD1FFB6FC5CFA18638916DF" box="[901,1007,1493,1516]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">MIELKE</collectorName>
|
||
LEG. /
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC39EE3FFD1FFB6FB8BFA1964B116DE" box="[1106,1239,1492,1517]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">OM 50.193</specimenCode>
|
||
/ HOLOTYPUS
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD1FFB6FF4EFA3A62841523" authority="Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande" authorityName="Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande" box="[151,738,1527,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FF4EFA3A610E1523" box="[151,360,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">Rufocumbre lucasi</emphasis>
|
||
<determinerName id="7E06DA5CFFD1FFB6FEB6FA3A61861523" box="[367,480,1527,1552]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">Dolibaina</determinerName>
|
||
,
|
||
<determinerName id="7E06DA5CFFD1FFB6FE35FA3A625D1523" box="[492,571,1527,1552]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">Mielke</determinerName>
|
||
&
|
||
<determinerName id="7E06DA5CFFD1FFB6FD86FA3A62841523" box="[607,738,1527,1552]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">Casagrande</determinerName>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
det. 2017/.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE5DFFD1FFB6FCBEFA3563D7153C" box="[871,945,1528,1551]" collectionName="Brazil, Parana, Curitiba, Universidade Federal do Parana, Museu de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">DZUP</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD1FFB6FF1EF9D163D3154F" blockId="18.[151,1436,1383,1949]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">
|
||
The allotype female has the following labels: / ALLOTYPUS / BRASIL, MINAS GERAIS, CATAS ALTAS, CARAÇA, 16-18-IX-2006, 1300 m MIELKE & CASAGRANDE LEG. / DZ 15.584 / BC-DZ / ALLOTYPUS
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD1FFB6FF4EF9A96284154E" authority="Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande" authorityName="Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande" box="[151,738,1636,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FF4EF9A9610E154E" box="[151,360,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">Rufocumbre lucasi</emphasis>
|
||
Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
det. 2017/. DZUP.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD1FFB6FF1EF94561E314AF" blockId="18.[151,1436,1383,1949]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">
|
||
Paratypes: BRAZIL –
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FE12F94A62681593" box="[459,526,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">Bahia</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FDC6F94A621D1593" bold="true" box="[543,635,1671,1696]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">Lençóis</emphasis>
|
||
(Morro do Pai Inácio), 850 m, 10.III.1999, Mielke
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FB08F94A64951593" box="[1233,1267,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. 2 males (OM 50.009, OM 50.016*) (OM), 11.III.1999, Mielke
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FD1EF961628F15F6" box="[711,745,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. 1 male (OM 50.186) (OM), 12.III.1999, Mielke
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FAC7F961652615F6" box="[1310,1344,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. 1 male and 1 female (OM 50.200*, OM 50.179*) (OM);
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FD12F902631315DB" bold="true" box="[715,885,1743,1768]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">Rio de Contas</emphasis>
|
||
, 1400-1600 m, 28.I.2005, Mielke & Casagrande
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FF4EF93960DF143E" box="[151,185,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. 1 female (DZ 15.346*) (DZUP), (Mato Grosso), 1500 m, 29.I.2005, Mielke & Casagrande
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FB0BF9396492143E" box="[1234,1268,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. 1 female (DZ 16.311) (DZUP), (Pico das Almas), 1450-1600 m, 30.I.2007, Mielke & Casagrande
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FBB3F8DA64EA1403" box="[1130,1164,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. 1 female (DZ 8.750*) (DZUP).
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FEDBF8F061FA1467" box="[258,412,1853,1876]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">Minas Gerais</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FE75F8F162541466" bold="true" box="[428,562,1852,1877]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">Congonhas</emphasis>
|
||
(Rio de Janeiro – Belo Horizonte Road, Km 344), 10-12.IV.1973, Callaghan
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FF4EF89260A6144B" box="[151,192,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
3 males (MGCL);
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FE4DF892627E144B" bold="true" box="[404,536,1887,1912]" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">Nova Lima</emphasis>
|
||
(Rio de Janeiro – Belo Horizonte Road, Km 432), 1400 m, 1.IV.1975, Callaghan
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD1FFB6FF4EF84960DF14AE" box="[151,185,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="214">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. 1 male (MGCL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6513FFD0FFB7FF4EFF55619C1534" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD0FFB7FF4EFF55617D1381" blockId="19.[151,283,152,178]" box="[151,283,152,178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<heading id="D09281F4FFD0FFB7FF4EFF55617D1381" bold="true" box="[151,283,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FF4EFF55617D1381" bold="true" box="[151,283,152,178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD0FFB7FF4EFF1264DD11B0" blockId="19.[151,1437,222,1543]" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">
|
||
Two previously recognized taxa included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FD55FF13637213C4" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[652,788,222,247]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FD55FF13637213C4" box="[652,788,222,247]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Rufocumbre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were not seen by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FC3AFF12641F13C4" author="Evans, W. H." bookContentInfo="499 pp." box="[995,1145,222,247]" journalOrPublisher="British Museum, London" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" refString="Evans, W. H. (1955) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae: indicating the classifi-cation and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. British Museum, London, 499 pp." title="A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae: indicating the classifi-cation and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae" type="book" year="1955">Evans (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as belonging to a distinct genus. In their revision of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FE1CFECF63571228" authority=", Dolibaina et al. (2014)" authorityName="Dolibaina et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[453,817,258,283]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FE1CFECF62781228" box="[453,542,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Cumbre</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FDF7FECF63571228" author="Dolibaina, D. R. & Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M. M." box="[558,817,258,283]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" pagination="47 - 66" part="3841" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3841.1.2" refString="Dolibaina, D. R., Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M. M. (2014) Taxonomic revision of Cumbre Evans, 1955 (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae, Moncini), with the description of twonew species. Zootaxa, 3841 (1), 47 - 66. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3841.1.2" title="Taxonomic revision of Cumbre Evans, 1955 (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae, Moncini), with the description of twonew species" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Dolibaina
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FD7DFEC962B81228" box="[676,734,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pointed out that the subspecific taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FB35FECF654B1228" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[1260,1325,258,283]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FB35FECF654B1228" box="[1260,1325,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">eberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belonged neither to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FED5FEEB6103120C" box="[268,357,294,319]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FED5FEEB6103120C" box="[268,357,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Cumbre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor to any other known genus, and therefore required a new one. The reasons used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FA81FEEA60871250" author="Evans, W. H." bookContentInfo="499 pp." journalOrPublisher="British Museum, London" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" refString="Evans, W. H. (1955) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae: indicating the classifi-cation and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. British Museum, London, 499 pp." title="A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae: indicating the classifi-cation and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae" type="book" year="1955">Evans (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FEBEFE8161A11250" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[359,455,330,355]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FEBEFE8161A11250" box="[359,455,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">R. celioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(misinterpreted by him as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FCDAFE8663F21250" authority="belli" box="[771,916,330,355]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="belli" subSpecies="belli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FCDAFE8663F21250" box="[771,916,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">C. belli belli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FC00FE81645B1250" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[985,1085,330,355]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FC00FE81645B1250" box="[985,1085,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">R. eberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the remaining species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FF4EFEA3609612B4" box="[151,240,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FF4EFEA3609612B4" box="[151,240,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Cumbre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not clear. One of the characters he used to circumscribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FC49FEA3638F12B4" box="[912,1001,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FC49FEA3638F12B4" box="[912,1001,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Cumbre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was “uncus not divided” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FAC9FEA260871298" author="Evans, W. H." bookContentInfo="499 pp." journalOrPublisher="British Museum, London" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" refString="Evans, W. H. (1955) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae: indicating the classifi-cation and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. British Museum, London, 499 pp." title="A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae: indicating the classifi-cation and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae" type="book" year="1955" yearSuffix="p">Evans 1955, p. 169</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, contrary to his written description of the genus, his schematic and partial illustration of the male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FEC2FE7A611E12FC" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[283,376,438,463]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FEC2FE7A611E12FC" box="[283,376,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">R. celioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FE5FFE7A631112FC" author="Evans, W. H." bookContentInfo="499 pp." box="[390,887,438,463]" journalOrPublisher="British Museum, London" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" refString="Evans, W. H. (1955) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae: indicating the classifi-cation and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. British Museum, London, 499 pp." title="A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae: indicating the classifi-cation and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae" type="book" year="1955">
|
||
Evans 1955, plate 65, J.41 CUMBRE 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FCE6FE7B631112FC" baseAuthorityName="Hayward" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[831,887,438,463]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belli">belli</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) shows the uncus clearly bifid. In addition, in the synoptic collection of Evans deposited in the NHMUK, there is a schematic illustration of the male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FA5DFE1160BE1124" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FA5DFE1160BE1124" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">R. eberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(not included in his monograph of 1955), with the uncus even more bifid than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FBA4FE3264BA1124" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[1149,1244,510,535]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FBA4FE3264BA1124" box="[1149,1244,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">R. celioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Just the evident differences in the uncus could be used to place
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FD7EFDE963631108" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[679,773,546,571]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FD7EFDE963631108" box="[679,773,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">R. celioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FCE2FDE963FD1108" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[827,923,546,571]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FCE2FDE963FD1108" box="[827,923,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">R. eberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a genus apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FB4EFDEF64961108" box="[1175,1264,546,571]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FB4EFDEF64961108" box="[1175,1264,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Cumbre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, the differences in the morphology of the uncus between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FD3BFD8A6358116C" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[738,830,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FD3BFD8A6358116C" box="[738,830,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">R. celioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD0FFB7FC97FD8B63F9116C" box="[846,927,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–34" captionStartId="8.[151,264,941,963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,920]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 33–34. Male genitalia of species of Rufocumbre.Left to right: dorsal view of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; ventral view of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; lateral view of tegumen, saccus, uncus and gnathos; left view of the right valva; posterior and lateral views of fultura inferior; lateral left, dorsal, ventral and lateral right views of the aedeagus. 33, R. celioi sp. nov., paratype from Caraça, Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brazil (DZ 15.577). 34, R. emeryi sp. nov., holotype.Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117616/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FC04FD8A645B116C" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[989,1085,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FC04FD8A645B116C" box="[989,1085,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">R. eberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A1DFFD0FFB7FB95FD8B64FB116C" box="[1100,1181,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–37" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,700,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,700,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 35–37. Male genitalia of species of Rufocumbre.Left to right: dorsal view of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; ventral view of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; lateral view of tegumen, saccus, uncus and gnathos; left view of the right valva; posterior and lateral views of fultura inferior; lateral left, dorsal, ventral and lateral right views of the aedeagus. 35, R. eberti stat. nov., comb. nov., from Caraça, Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brazil (DZ 15.367). 36, R. schneideri sp. nov., paratype from Ventania, Paraná, Brazil (DZ 15.736). 37, R. lucasi sp. nov., paratype from Morro do Pai Inácio, Palmeiras, Bahia, Brazil (OM 50.016). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1117618/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
) could have been used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FF63FDA6613611B0" author="Evans, W. H." bookContentInfo="499 pp." box="[186,336,618,643]" journalOrPublisher="British Museum, London" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" refString="Evans, W. H. (1955) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae: indicating the classifi-cation and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. British Museum, London, 499 pp." title="A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae: indicating the classifi-cation and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae" type="book" year="1955">Evans (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to consider the latter a distinct species, rather than a subspecies of the former.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD0FFB7FF1EFD43649E1020" blockId="19.[151,1437,222,1543]" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">
|
||
The position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FEA0FD4362671194" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[377,513,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FEA0FD4362671194" box="[377,513,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Rufocumbre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FD5CFD4362821194" authorityName="" authorityYear="2008" box="[645,740,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Moncini">Moncini</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera is uncertain. The first systematic hypothesis involving two species of what is now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FE15FD7F623211F8" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[460,596,690,715]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FE15FD7F623211F8" box="[460,596,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Rufocumbre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the classification of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FCA9FD7E646E11F8" author="Evans, W. H." bookContentInfo="499 pp." box="[880,1032,690,715]" journalOrPublisher="British Museum, London" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" refString="Evans, W. H. (1955) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae: indicating the classifi-cation and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. British Museum, London, 499 pp." title="A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae: indicating the classifi-cation and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae" type="book" year="1955">Evans (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which included them (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FAD6FD79650A11F8" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[1295,1388,690,715]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FAD6FD79650A11F8" box="[1295,1388,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">R. celioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FF4EFD1A609D11DC" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[151,251,726,751]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FF4EFD1A609D11DC" box="[151,251,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">R. eberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FEB0FD1A61DB11DD" box="[361,445,727,750]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lerema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FEB0FD1A61DB11DD" box="[361,445,727,750]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Lerema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup” of the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FD7AFD1A636C11DD" authorityName="Hübner" authorityYear="1819" box="[675,778,727,750]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Apaustus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FD7AFD1A636C11DD" box="[675,778,727,750]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Apaustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group” with nine other genera. However, the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FAECFD1A65FA11DD" authorityName="Hübner" authorityYear="1819" box="[1333,1436,727,750]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Apaustus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FAECFD1A65FA11DD" box="[1333,1436,727,750]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Apaustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group” and all its subgroups are not monophyletic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FD0FFD3663CC1020" author="Warren, A. D. & Ogawa, J. R. & Brower, A. V. Z" box="[726,938,762,787]" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" pagination="642 - 676" part="24" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00218.x" refString="Warren, A. D., Ogawa, J. R. & Brower, A. V. Z (2008) Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and circumscription of tribes in family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea). Cladistics, 24 (5), 642 - 676. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2008.00218. x" title="Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and circumscription of tribes in family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea)" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Warren
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FCE9FD31630F1020" box="[816,873,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FC6CFD3663961020" author="Warren, A. D. & Ogawa, J. R. & Brower, A. V. Z." box="[949,1008,763,787]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" pagination="467 - 523" part="34" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00463.x" refString="Warren, A. D., Ogawa, J. R. & Brower, A. V. Z. (2009) Revised classification of the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) based on combined molecular and morphological data. Systematic Entomology, 34 (3), 467 - 523. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2008.00463. x" title="Revised classification of the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) based on combined molecular and morphological data" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FC25FD37648A1020" author="Carneiro, E. & Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M. M." box="[1020,1260,762,787]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" pagination="196 - 220" part="3931" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3931.2.2" refString="Carneiro, E., Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M. M. (2015 a) The Neotropical genus Ginungagapus gen. nov. (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, Moncini): phylogenetic position and taxonomic review. Zootaxa, 3931 (2), 196 - 220. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3931.2.2" title="The Neotropical genus Ginungagapus gen. nov. (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, Moncini): phylogenetic position and taxonomic review" type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Carneiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FBBDFD3164FA1020" box="[1124,1180,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD0FFB7FF1EFCD264D01090" blockId="19.[151,1437,222,1543]" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">
|
||
Recent phylogenies using molecular and morphological characters recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FB9CFCD365731004" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[1093,1301,798,823]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FB9CFCD365731004" box="[1093,1301,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Rufocumbre celioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FF4EFC8E62211068" authority="(Schaus, 1902)" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1902" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[151,583,834,859]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ginungagapus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ranesus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FF4EFC8E61FF1068" box="[151,409,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Ginungagapus ranesus</emphasis>
|
||
(Schaus, 1902)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FD8CFC8E634E1068" author="Warren, A. D. & Ogawa, J. R. & Brower, A. V. Z" box="[597,808,834,859]" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" pagination="642 - 676" part="24" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00218.x" refString="Warren, A. D., Ogawa, J. R. & Brower, A. V. Z (2008) Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and circumscription of tribes in family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea). Cladistics, 24 (5), 642 - 676. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2008.00218. x" title="Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and circumscription of tribes in family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea)" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Warren
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FD76FC8962811068" box="[687,743,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FCEAFC8E63091068" author="Warren, A. D. & Ogawa, J. R. & Brower, A. V. Z." box="[819,879,835,859]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" pagination="467 - 523" part="34" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00463.x" refString="Warren, A. D., Ogawa, J. R. & Brower, A. V. Z. (2009) Revised classification of the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) based on combined molecular and morphological data. Systematic Entomology, 34 (3), 467 - 523. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2008.00463. x" title="Revised classification of the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) based on combined molecular and morphological data" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FC47FC8F648A1068" authority="cumbre Schaus, 1902" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1902" box="[926,1260,834,859]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumbre">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FC47FC8F64371068" box="[926,1105,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Cumbre cumbre</emphasis>
|
||
Schaus, 1902
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FB23FC8F60B9104C" author="Carneiro, E. & Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M. M." journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" pagination="196 - 220" part="3931" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3931.2.2" refString="Carneiro, E., Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M. M. (2015 a) The Neotropical genus Ginungagapus gen. nov. (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, Moncini): phylogenetic position and taxonomic review. Zootaxa, 3931 (2), 196 - 220. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3931.2.2" title="The Neotropical genus Ginungagapus gen. nov. (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, Moncini): phylogenetic position and taxonomic review" type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Carneiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FABDFC8965FA1068" box="[1380,1436,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FE81FCAB6346104C" authority="(Draudt, 1923)" authorityName="Draudt" authorityYear="1923" baseAuthorityName="Draudt" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[344,800,870,895]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="odilia" subSpecies="argus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FE81FCAB6204104D" box="[344,610,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Pheraeus odilia argus</emphasis>
|
||
(Draudt, 1923)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FCEEFCAB647D104C" author="Sahoo, R. K. & Warren, A. D. & Wahlberg, N. & Brower, A. V. Z. & Lukhtanov, V. A. & Kodandaramaiah, U." box="[823,1051,870,895]" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ, 4" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" pagination="1 - 17" part="2653" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2653" refString="Sahoo, R. K., Warren, A. D., Wahlberg, N., Brower, A. V. Z., Lukhtanov, V. A. & Kodandaramaiah, U. (2016) Ten genes and two topologies: an exploration of higher relationships in skipper butterflies (Hesperiidae). PeerJ, 4, e 2653, 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 2653" title="Ten genes and two topologies: an exploration of higher relationships in skipper butterflies (Hesperiidae)" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Sahoo
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FC57FCAA63A9104C" box="[910,975,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Such disparity calls for more phylogenetic studies addressing specifically
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FD53FC47628A1090" authorityName="" authorityYear="2008" box="[650,748,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Moncini">Moncini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including a broader sampling of genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD0FFB7FF1EFC6364DE1645" blockId="19.[151,1437,222,1543]" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">
|
||
The morphology of the male genitalia has historically been used in the establishment of genera in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FACFFC6365FA10F4" box="[1302,1436,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FF47FC1F612410D8" author="Godman, F. D." bookContentInfo="784 pp." box="[158,322,978,1003]" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" refString="Godman, F. D. (1900) Biologia Centrali-Americana: zoology, botany and archaeology. R. H. Porter, London, 784 pp." title="Biologia Centrali-Americana: zoology, botany and archaeology. R. H. Porter" type="book" year="1900">Godman 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FE95FC1E61B410D8" author="Evans, W. H." bookContentInfo="499 pp." box="[332,466,978,1003]" journalOrPublisher="British Museum, London" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" refString="Evans, W. H. (1955) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae: indicating the classifi-cation and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. British Museum, London, 499 pp." title="A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae: indicating the classifi-cation and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae" type="book" year="1955">Evans 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FE05FC1F620B10D8" author="Mielke, O. H. H." box="[476,621,978,1003]" journalOrPublisher="Atas da Sociedade de Biologia do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" pagination="73 - 78" part="12" refString="Mielke, O. H. H. (1968) Contribuicao ao estudo faunistico dos Hesperiidae Neotropicais. I - Resultados de uma excursao a Foz do Iguacu, Parana, Brasil, com notas taxonomicas (Lepidoptera). Atas da Sociedade de Biologia do Rio de Janeiro, 12 (2), 73 - 78." title="Contribuicao ao estudo faunistico dos Hesperiidae Neotropicais. I - Resultados de uma excursao a Foz do Iguacu, Parana, Brasil, com notas taxonomicas (Lepidoptera)" type="journal article" year="1968">Mielke 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FDAEFC1E62D410D8" author="Mielke, O. H. H." box="[631,690,979,1003]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica Paranaense, 8 - 9" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" pagination="127 - 172" refString="Mielke, O. H. H. (1980) Contribuicao ao estudo faunistico dos Hesperiidae Americanos. VI Nota suplementar as especies de Hesperiidae do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (Lepidoptera). Acta Biologica Paranaense, 8 - 9, 127 - 172." title="Contribuicao ao estudo faunistico dos Hesperiidae Americanos. VI Nota suplementar as especies de Hesperiidae do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (Lepidoptera)" type="book chapter" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FD64FC1F63CA10D8" author="Carneiro, E. & Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M. M." box="[701,940,978,1003]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" pagination="196 - 220" part="3931" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3931.2.2" refString="Carneiro, E., Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M. M. (2015 a) The Neotropical genus Ginungagapus gen. nov. (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, Moncini): phylogenetic position and taxonomic review. Zootaxa, 3931 (2), 196 - 220. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3931.2.2" title="The Neotropical genus Ginungagapus gen. nov. (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, Moncini): phylogenetic position and taxonomic review" type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Carneiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FCFDFC19633A10D8" box="[804,860,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand, characters of the female genitalia are poorly explored in the systematics of the group.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FCBBFC3B6435173C" author="Turland, V. A. & Warren, A. D. & Lewis, D. S." box="[866,1107,1014,1039]" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Lepidoptera Research" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" pagination="66 - 73" part="22" refString="Turland, V. A., Warren, A. D. & Lewis, D. S. (2012) A new genus and species of Moncini from Jamaica, West Indies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 22 (2), 66 - 73." title="A new genus and species of Moncini from Jamaica, West Indies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae)" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Turland
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FC1AFC3A6398173C" box="[963,1022,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the presence and length of the sclerotized area of the ductus bursae of the female genitalia (antrum
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FBF5FBD164051700" box="[1068,1123,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">auct.</emphasis>
|
||
) is a character indicative of higher relationships among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FE3DFBF362251764" authorityName="" authorityYear="2008" box="[484,579,1086,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Moncini">Moncini</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera. The ductus bursae found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FBD5FBF364F21764" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[1036,1172,1086,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FBD5FBF364F21764" box="[1036,1172,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Rufocumbre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is sclerotized, cylindrical and as long as the sterigma is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FCC6FBA964BD1748" authority="Warren & Turland, 2012" authorityName="Warren & Turland" authorityYear="2012" box="[799,1243,1122,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Troyus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FCC6FBA963D91748" box="[799,959,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Troyus turneri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FC1CFBAE64BD1748" author="Turland, V. A. & Warren, A. D. & Lewis, D. S." box="[965,1243,1122,1147]" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Lepidoptera Research" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" pagination="66 - 73" part="22" refString="Turland, V. A., Warren, A. D. & Lewis, D. S. (2012) A new genus and species of Moncini from Jamaica, West Indies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 22 (2), 66 - 73." title="A new genus and species of Moncini from Jamaica, West Indies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae)" type="journal article" year="2012">Warren & Turland, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Also, the ostium bursae at the base of the sterigma, and the absence of the lamella antevaginalis are features found in
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FACCFB4A608517F0" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FACCFB4A651117AC" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[1301,1399,1158,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celioi">R. celioi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FA5DFB4A608517F0" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emeryi">R. emeryi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FEC6FB6161EF17F0" authorityName="Warren & Turland" authorityYear="2012" box="[287,393,1196,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Troyus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FEC6FB6161EF17F0" box="[287,393,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">T. turneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggesting the latter as a lineage potentially related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FBCEFB6764F917F0" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[1047,1183,1194,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FBCEFB6764F917F0" box="[1047,1183,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Rufocumbre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Several other genera representing all subgroups of the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FDFCFB0262ED17D5" authorityName="Hübner" authorityYear="1819" box="[549,651,1231,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Apaustus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FDFCFB0262ED17D5" box="[549,651,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Apaustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group” have sclerotized ductus bursae, but, with a usually flattened aspect, and with the length of the sclerotized portion of the ductus more than twice the length of the sterigma (see discussion in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FEE8FADB6268161C" author="Turland, V. A. & Warren, A. D. & Lewis, D. S." box="[305,526,1302,1327]" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Lepidoptera Research" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" pagination="66 - 73" part="22" refString="Turland, V. A., Warren, A. D. & Lewis, D. S. (2012) A new genus and species of Moncini from Jamaica, West Indies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 22 (2), 66 - 73." title="A new genus and species of Moncini from Jamaica, West Indies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae)" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Turland
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FE48FADA61AD161C" box="[401,459,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), thus being different greatly from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FC45FADB6442161C" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[924,1060,1302,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FC45FADB6442161C" box="[924,1060,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Rufocumbre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FB84FADA64CE161D" authorityName="Warren & Turland" authorityYear="2012" box="[1117,1192,1303,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Troyus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FB84FADA64CE161D" box="[1117,1192,1303,1326]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Troyus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, aspects of the wing color pattern, male forewing androconia and the remaining structures of the genitalia of both sexes suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FEFAFA9262EE1644" authority="Warren & Turland, 2012" authorityName="Warren & Turland" authorityYear="2012" box="[291,648,1374,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Troyus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FEFAFA9261081645" box="[291,366,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Troyus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B69FFD0FFB7FEACFA9262EE1644" author="Turland, V. A. & Warren, A. D. & Lewis, D. S." box="[373,648,1374,1399]" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Lepidoptera Research" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" pagination="66 - 73" part="22" refString="Turland, V. A., Warren, A. D. & Lewis, D. S. (2012) A new genus and species of Moncini from Jamaica, West Indies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 22 (2), 66 - 73." title="A new genus and species of Moncini from Jamaica, West Indies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae)" type="journal article" year="2012">Warren & Turland, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a distinct genus, though related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FBF3FA9364D41644" authority="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande, 2017" authorityName="Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2017" box="[1066,1202,1374,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Rufocumbre" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EA8AFFD0FFB7FBF3FA9364D41644" box="[1066,1202,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">Rufocumbre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA3698FFD0FFB7FF1EFA4F619C1534" blockId="19.[151,1437,222,1543]" pageId="19" pageNumber="215">
|
||
Finally, more attention should be directed to redefining the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FC5EFA4F638016A8" authorityName="" authorityYear="2008" box="[903,998,1410,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Moncini">Moncini</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera, especially since a significant number of them have been found to be para or polyphyletic (
|
||
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,
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). It is essential to recognize independent lineages and to establish monophyletic units in an effort to resolve the
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D1BFFD0FFB7FEC1FA2361111534" authorityName="" authorityYear="2008" box="[280,375,1518,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Moncini">Moncini</taxonomicName>
|
||
phylogeny.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |