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<document id="0A760087B12B737ADD889A9D2A04C695" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.185096" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ec8e6d1d-77e6-4db4-8f42-33cba825d64b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="185096" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459963476936" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhuo, Kan, Liao, Jinling, Cui, Ruqiang &amp; Li, Yuzhong" docDate="2009" docId="03C8F369FFED943CFF1CF895FC24F8C3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01973p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1973" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Aphelenchoididae (Skarbilovich, 1947) Paramonov 1953" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="FFF18B11FFEE9438FF8BFF87FF87FFD9" masterDocTitle="First record of female intersex in Hirschmanniella shamimi Ahmad, 1972 (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae), with a checklist of intersexes in plant nematodes" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1698230973513" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="055D453D3266883789525524274C375B">First record of female intersex in Hirschmanniella shamimi Ahmad, 1972 (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae), with a checklist of intersexes in plant nematodes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DFEFC91F528A990AF013CB9F17FC2224">Li, Yuzhong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="670B9158582F3D3E30B5C8335932B734">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C8F369FFED943CFF1CF895FC24F8C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5696420" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119377103" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5696420" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C8F369FFED943CFF1CF895FC24F8C3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8F369FFED943CFF1CF895FC24F8C3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
<subSubSection id="C37B11F4FFED943BFF1CF895FC43F8F5" box="[151,964,1810,1836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFED943BFF1CF895FC43F8F5" blockId="3.[151,1157,1690,2036]" box="[151,964,1810,1836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
<heading id="D096F513FFED943BFF1CF895FC43F8F5" bold="true" box="[151,964,1810,1836]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFED943BFF1CF895FC43F8F5" bold="true" box="[151,964,1810,1836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
Family:
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFED943BFE8BF895FC43F8F5" authority="(Skarbilovich, 1947) Paramonov, 1953" authorityName="(Skarbilovich, 1947) Paramonov" authorityYear="1953" box="[256,964,1810,1836]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Aphelenchoididae (Skarbilovich, 1947) Paramonov, 1953</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFED943BFF4DF8BCFD2DF82D" blockId="3.[151,1157,1690,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFED943BFF4DF8BCFC8BF88D" authority="Edward &amp; Misra, 1969" authorityName="Edward &amp; Misra" authorityYear="1969" box="[198,780,1850,1876]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brassicae">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFED943BFF4DF8BCFE70F88D" box="[198,503,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Aphelenchoides brassicae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFED943BFE74F8BDFC8BF88D" author="Edward" box="[511,780,1850,1876]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Edward, J. C. &amp; Misra, S. L. (1969) Occurrence of some new species of Aphelenchoidea in the rhizosphere of certain field crops of Uttar Pradesh, India, with a note on an intersex. Allahabad Farmer, 43, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1969">
Edward &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F37602EFFFED943BFDF4F8BDFD41F88D" box="[639,710,1850,1876]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Misra</collectingCountry>
, 1969
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFED943BFCCCF8BDFC6FF88D" author="Edward" box="[839,1000,1850,1876]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Edward, J. C. &amp; Misra, S. L. (1969) Occurrence of some new species of Aphelenchoidea in the rhizosphere of certain field crops of Uttar Pradesh, India, with a note on an intersex. Allahabad Farmer, 43, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1969">Edward 1969</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFED943BFF4DF8E4FD50F8A5" authority="Franklin, 1957" authorityName="Franklin" authorityYear="1957" box="[198,727,1890,1916]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="composticola">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFED943BFF4DF8E4FDA4F8A5" box="[198,547,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Aphelenchoides composticola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFED943BFDA0F8E5FD50F8A5" author="Franklin" box="[555,727,1890,1916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Franklin, M. T. (1957) Aphelenchoides compositcola n. sp. and A. saprophilus n. sp. from mushroom compost and rotting plant tissues. Nematologica, 2, 306 - 313." type="journal article" year="1957">Franklin, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFED943BFC9AF8E5FBFAF8A5" author="Anderson" box="[785,1149,1890,1916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Anderson, R. V &amp; Kimpinski, J. (1977) Sexual anomalies in a female intersex of a species of Aphelenchoides (Nematoda, Aphelenchoididae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 55 (7), 1209 - 1211." type="journal article" year="1977">Anderson and Kimpinski 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFED943BFF4DF80CFCDBF87D" authority="(Bastian, 1865) Steiner, 1932" authorityName="(Bastian, 1865) Steiner" authorityYear="1932" box="[198,860,1930,1956]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parietinus">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFED943BFF4DF80CFE79F87D" box="[198,510,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Aphelenchoides parietinus</emphasis>
(Bastian, 1865)
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFED943BFD4AF80DFCDBF87D" author="Steiner" box="[705,860,1930,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Steiner, G. (1932) Annotations on the nomenclature of some plant parasitic nematodes. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 22, 517 - 518." type="journal article" year="1932">Steiner, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFED943BFC1DF80DFB90F87D" author="Krall" box="[918,1047,1930,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Krall, E. L. (1959) New and little known Tylenchids (Nematoda, Tylenchida) together with description of a case of gynandromorphism in the genus Aphelenchoides. In, Fortuner (Ed.) (1983), English Translations of Selected Taxonomic Papers in Nematology. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA, Vol. 2, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="1959">Krall 1959</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFED943BFF4DF834FD42F815" authority="Franklin, 1957" authorityName="Franklin" authorityYear="1957" box="[198,709,1970,1996]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="saprophilus">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFED943BFF4DF834FD97F815" box="[198,528,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Aphelenchoides saprophilus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFED943BFD93F835FD42F815" author="Franklin" box="[536,709,1970,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Franklin, M. T. (1957) Aphelenchoides compositcola n. sp. and A. saprophilus n. sp. from mushroom compost and rotting plant tissues. Nematologica, 2, 306 - 313." type="journal article" year="1957">Franklin, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFED943BFD74F835FC25F815" author="Braasch" box="[767,930,1970,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Braasch, H. (1987) An intersex of Aphelenchoides saprophilus Franklin, 1957 (Nematoda, Aphelenchoides). Biologische Rundschau, 25 (6), 377 - 378." type="journal article" year="1987">Braasch 1987</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFED943BFF4DF85CFE07F82D" box="[198,384,2011,2036]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFED943BFF4DF85CFE07F82D" box="[198,384,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Aphelenchoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFED943BFE68F85DFD25F82D" author="Slepetiene" box="[483,674,2010,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Slepetiene, J. (1962) Description of male nematodes and Aphelenchoides sp. (intersex). Liet Tsr Aukst Mokyklu Mokslo Darb, 1, 135 - 140." type="journal article" year="1962">Slepetiene 1962</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF4DFF1FFCB3FF6B" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" box="[198,820,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFF1FFE07FF68" box="[198,384,152,177]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFF1FFE07FF68" box="[198,384,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Aphelenchoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFE68FF1FFCACFF6B" author="Khera" box="[483,811,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Khera, S. &amp; Chaturvedi, Y. (1971) On the occurrence of an intersexual form and possibly a new species of Aphelenchoides Fischer (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Current Science, 40 (19), 519 - 520." type="journal article" year="1971">Khera and Chaturvedi 1971</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B11F4FFEA943CFF1CFF38FDF8FED8" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF1CFF38FDABFF00" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" box="[151,556,191,217]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF1CFF38FDABFF00" bold="true" box="[151,556,191,217]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
Order:
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF7DFF38FDABFF00" authority="Thorne, 1949" authorityName="Thorne" authorityYear="1949" box="[246,556,191,217]" class="Secernentea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="order">Tylenchida Thorne, 1949</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF1CFF60FDF8FED8" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" box="[151,639,231,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF1CFF60FDF8FED8" bold="true" box="[151,639,231,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
Family:
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFE8BFF60FDF8FED8" authority="Nicoll, 1935" authorityName="Nicoll" authorityYear="1935" box="[256,639,231,257]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Anguinidae Nicoll, 1935 (1926)</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B11F4FFEA943CFF4DFE97FE24FDC3" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF4DFE97FBA5FE8B" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFE97FC8CFEF3" authority="Hirschmann &amp; Sasser 1955" authorityName="Hirschmann &amp; Sasser" authorityYear="1955" box="[198,779,272,298]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="triformis">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFE97FE47FEF0" box="[198,448,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Ditylenchus triformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFE4CFE97FC8CFEF3" author="Hirschmann" box="[455,779,272,298]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Hirschmann, H. &amp; Sasser, J. N. (1955) On the occurrence of an intersexual form in Ditylenchus triformis n. sp. (Nematoda, Tylenchida). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 22, 115 - 123." type="journal article" year="1955">Hirschmann &amp; Sasser 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, (F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFCC1FE97FB24FEF3" author="Hirschmann" box="[842,1187,272,298]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Hirschmann, H. &amp; Sasser, J. N. (1955) On the occurrence of an intersexual form in Ditylenchus triformis n. sp. (Nematoda, Tylenchida). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 22, 115 - 123." type="journal article" year="1955">Hirschmann and Sasser 1955</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFEBFFC8CFE8B" authority="Hirschmann &amp; Sasser 1955" authorityName="Hirschmann &amp; Sasser" authorityYear="1955" box="[198,779,312,338]" class="Secernentea" family="Anguinidae" genus="Ditylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="triformis">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFEBFFE47FE88" box="[198,448,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Ditylenchus triformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFE4CFEBFFC8CFE8B" author="Hirschmann" box="[455,779,312,338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Hirschmann, H. &amp; Sasser, J. N. (1955) On the occurrence of an intersexual form in Ditylenchus triformis n. sp. (Nematoda, Tylenchida). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 22, 115 - 123." type="journal article" year="1955">Hirschmann &amp; Sasser 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, (F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFCC1FEBFFB9DFE8B" author="Liu" box="[842,1050,312,338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Liu, W. Z. &amp; Liu, Q. L. (2002) Description of stem nematodes, Ditylenchus triformis Hirschmann &amp; Sasser, 1955. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 33 (5), 338 - 340." type="journal article" year="2002">Liu and Liu 2002</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF1CFED8FD1DFEA0" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" box="[151,666,351,377]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF1CFED8FD1DFEA0" bold="true" box="[151,666,351,377]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
Family:
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFE8BFED8FD1DFEA0" authority="Whitehead, 1960" authorityName="Whitehead" authorityYear="1960" box="[256,666,351,377]" class="Secernentea" family="Belonolaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Belonolaimidae Whitehead, 1960</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF4DFE0FFCF6FE7B" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" box="[198,881,392,418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFE0FFD18FE7B" authority="Allen, 1955" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1955" box="[198,671,392,418]" class="Secernentea" family="Belonolaimidae" genus="Tylenchorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="capitatus">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFE0FFD8AFE78" box="[198,525,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Tylenchorhynchus capitatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFD9FFE0FFD18FE7B" author="Allen" box="[532,671,392,418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Allen, M. W. (1955) A review of nematode genus Tylenchorhynchus. University of California Publications in Zoology, 61, 129 - 165." type="journal article" year="1955">Allen, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFD52FE0FFCEFFE7B" author="Wouts" box="[729,872,392,418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Wouts, W. M. (1966) The identity of New Zealand populations of Tylenchorhynchus capitatus Allen 1955, with a description of an intersex. New Zealand Journal of Science, 9, 878 - 881." type="journal article" year="1966">Wouts 1966</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF4DFE37FD39FE2B" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFE37FBD0FE13" authority="Seshadri, Muthukrishnan &amp; Shunmugam, 1967" authorityName="Seshadri, Muthukrishnan &amp; Shunmugam" authorityYear="1967" box="[198,1111,432,458]" class="Secernentea" family="Belonolaimidae" genus="Tylenchorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="nilgiriensis">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFE37FDA1FE10" box="[198,550,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Tylenchorhynchus nilgiriensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFDA6FE37FBD0FE13" author="Seshadri" box="[557,1111,432,458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Seshadri, A. R., Muthukrishnan, T. S. &amp; Shunmugam, S. (1967) A new species of Tylenchorhynchus nilgiriensis (Tylenchidae, Nematoda) from Madras State, India. Current Science, 20, 551 - 552." type="journal article" year="1967">Seshadri, Muthukrishnan &amp; Shunmugam, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFB1AFE37FAFAFE13" author="Seshadri" box="[1169,1405,432,458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Seshadri, A. R., Muthukrishnan, T. S. &amp; Shunmugam, S. (1967) A new species of Tylenchorhynchus nilgiriensis (Tylenchidae, Nematoda) from Madras State, India. Current Science, 20, 551 - 552." type="journal article" year="1967">
Seshadri
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFB74FE37FABEFE10" box="[1279,1337,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
1967
</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFE5FFE1DFE28" box="[198,410,472,497]" class="Secernentea" family="Belonolaimidae" genus="Tylenchorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFE5FFE1DFE28" box="[198,410,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Tylenchorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFE76FE5FFD31FE2B" author="Dalmasso" box="[509,694,472,498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Dalmasso, A. (1966) Cad d'intersexe chez un Tylenchidae (Nematoda). Revue D'Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol, 3, 611 - 615." type="journal article" year="1966">Dalmasso 1966</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF4DFD87FE24FDC3" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" box="[198,419,512,538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFD87FEFDFDC0" box="[198,378,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF5DFD87FEFDFDC0" box="[214,378,512,537]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Telotylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Telotylenchus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
sp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B11F4FFEA943CFF1CFDA0FC35FD98" box="[151,946,551,577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF1CFDA0FC35FD98" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" box="[151,946,551,577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF1CFDA0FC35FD98" bold="true" box="[151,946,551,577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
Family:
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFE8BFDA0FC35FD98" authority="Filipjev &amp; Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941" authorityName="Filipjev &amp; Schuurmans Stekhoven" authorityYear="1941" box="[256,946,551,577]" class="Secernentea" family="Heteroderidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Heteroderidae Filipjev &amp; Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B11F4FFEA943CFF4DFDD7FDFBFAC8" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF4DFDD7FCA7FDB3" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" box="[198,800,592,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFDD7FDC2FDB3" authority="Goffart, 1932" authorityName="Goffart" authorityYear="1932" box="[198,581,592,618]" class="Secernentea" family="Heteroderidae" genus="Heterodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="trifolii">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFDD7FE18FDB0" box="[198,415,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Heterodera trifolii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFE2DFDD7FDC2FDB3" author="Goffart" box="[422,581,592,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Goffart, H. (1932) Untersuchungen am Hafernematoden Heterodera schactii Schm. unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der schleswig-holsteinischen Verhatnisse I. III. Beitrag zu: Rassenstudien an Heterodera schactii Schm. Arb Biol Reichsamt Land-und Forstwirt Berlin, 20, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1932">Goffart, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(M) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFD02FDD7FC9FFDB3" author="Wouts" box="[649,792,592,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Wouts, W. M. (1978) On the males of Heterodera trifolii Goffart, 1932 (Nematoda: Heteroderidae). Nematologica, 24, 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1978">Wouts 1978</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF4DFDFFFEDBFC20" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFDFFFC56FD4B" authority="(Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949" authorityName="(Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood" authorityYear="1949" box="[198,977,632,658]" class="Secernentea" family="Heteroderidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="incognita">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFDFFFE52FD48" box="[198,469,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Meloidogyne incognita</emphasis>
(Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949
</taxonomicName>
(F &amp; M) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFBC0FDFFFB7DFD4B" author="Ishibashi" box="[1099,1274,632,658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Ishibashi, N. (1965) The increase in male adults by Gamma-ray irradiation in the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood. Nematologica, 11, 361 - 369." type="journal article" year="1965">Ishibashi 1965</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFD27FC55FD63" authority="(Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949" authorityName="(Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood" authorityYear="1949" box="[198,978,672,698]" class="Secernentea" family="Heteroderidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="incognita">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFD27FE52FD60" box="[198,469,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Meloidogyne incognita</emphasis>
(Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949
</taxonomicName>
(M) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFB9EFD27FB6FFD63" author="Varma" box="[1045,1256,672,698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Varma, M. K., Ali, S. M., Yadav, B. S. &amp; Prabha, M. J. (1971) Male intersexes in Meloidogyne incognita from India. Nematologica, 17, 491 - 492." type="journal article" year="1971">
Varma
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFBE0FD27FB22FD60" box="[1131,1189,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
1971
</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFD4FFC55FD3B" authority="(Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949" authorityName="(Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood" authorityYear="1949" box="[198,978,712,738]" class="Secernentea" family="Heteroderidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="incognita">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFD4FFE52FD38" box="[198,469,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Meloidogyne incognita</emphasis>
(Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949
</taxonomicName>
(M) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFB9EFD4FFB67FD3B" author="Rajan" box="[1045,1248,712,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Rajan, Varaprasad K. S., Mathur, V. K. &amp; Rao, B. R. R. (1987) On the association of some plant parasitic nematodes with corkwood tree, Duboscia Myoporoides and remarks on abnormalities in males of Meloidogyne incognita. Indian Journal of Nematology, 17 (2), 281 - 284." type="journal article" year="1987">
Rajan
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFBE8FD4FFB1AFD38" box="[1123,1181,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
1987
</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFD77FCBEFCD3" authority="(Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949" authorityName="(Treub, 1885) Chitwood" authorityYear="1949" box="[198,825,752,778]" class="Secernentea" family="Heteroderidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFD77FE4CFCD0" box="[198,459,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Meloidogyne javanica</emphasis>
(Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949
</taxonomicName>
(M) (Chitwood 1949)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFC9FFCBEFCEB" authority="(Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949" authorityName="(Treub, 1885) Chitwood" authorityYear="1949" box="[198,825,792,818]" class="Secernentea" family="Heteroderidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFC9FFE4CFCE8" box="[198,459,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Meloidogyne javanica</emphasis>
(Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949
</taxonomicName>
(M) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFCF7FC9FFBE9FCEB" author="Triantaphyllou" box="[892,1134,792,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Triantaphyllou, A. C. (1960) Sex determination in Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood, 1949 and intersexuality in M. javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949. Annals of the Institute for Phytopathology of Benaki (N. S.), 3, 12 - 31." type="journal article" year="1960">Triantaphyllou 1960</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFCC7FCBEFC83" authority="(Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949" authorityName="(Treub, 1885) Chitwood" authorityYear="1949" box="[198,825,832,858]" class="Secernentea" family="Heteroderidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFCC7FE4CFC80" box="[198,459,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Meloidogyne javanica</emphasis>
(Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949
</taxonomicName>
(F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFCF8FCC7FB74FC83" author="Davide" box="[883,1267,832,858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Davide, R. G. &amp; Triantaphyllou, A. C. (1968) Influence of the environment on development and sex differentiation of root-knot nematodes. Nematologica, 14, 37 - 46." type="journal article" year="1968">Davide and Triantaphyllou 1968</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFCEFFCBEFC5B" authority="(Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949" authorityName="(Treub, 1885) Chitwood" authorityYear="1949" box="[198,825,872,898]" class="Secernentea" family="Heteroderidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFCEFFE4CFC58" box="[198,459,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Meloidogyne javanica</emphasis>
(Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949
</taxonomicName>
(M) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFCF7FCEFFBDEFC5B" author="Yu" box="[892,1113,872,898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Yu, S. F. &amp; He, Y. F. (1998) Discovery of a new esterase phenotype in Meloidogyne javanica. Chinese Biodiversity, 6, 27 - 30." type="journal article" year="1998">Yu and Chen 1998</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFC17FCBEFC73" authority="(Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949" authorityName="(Treub, 1885) Chitwood" authorityYear="1949" box="[198,825,912,938]" class="Secernentea" family="Heteroderidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFC17FE4CFC70" box="[198,459,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Meloidogyne javanica</emphasis>
(Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949
</taxonomicName>
(M) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFCF6FC17FBCEFC73" author="He" box="[893,1097,912,938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="He, Y. &amp; Pan, C. S. (2000) Development of two root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species). Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science), 39 (4), 537 - 546." type="journal article" year="2000">He and Pan 2000</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFC3FFCABFC0B" authority="(Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949" authorityName="(Neal, 1889) Chitwood" authorityYear="1949" box="[198,812,952,978]" class="Secernentea" family="Heteroderidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arenaria">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFC3FFE4CFC08" box="[198,459,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Meloidogyne arenaria</emphasis>
(Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949
</taxonomicName>
(M) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFCE4FC3FFB13FC0B" author="McLeod" box="[879,1172,952,978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="McLeod, R. W. &amp; Khair, G. T. (1973) Male intersexes in Meloidogyne thamesi. Nematologica, 19, 561 - 562." type="journal article" year="1973">McLeod and Khair 1973</bibRefCitation>
)
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFC67FEDBFC20" box="[198,348,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF5CFC67FEDBFC20" box="[215,348,992,1017]" class="Secernentea" family="Heteroderidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="thamesi">M. thamesi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF1CFB80FDE0FBF8" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" box="[151,615,1031,1057]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF1CFB80FDE0FBF8" bold="true" box="[151,615,1031,1057]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
Family:
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFE8BFB80FDE0FBF8" authority="Filipjev, 1949" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1949" box="[256,615,1031,1057]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Hoplolaimidae Filipjev, 1949</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF4DFBB7FC3BFB93" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" box="[198,956,1072,1098]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFBB7FD03FB93" authority="Siddiqi, 1963" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1963" box="[198,644,1072,1098]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" genus="Helicotylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFBB7FE58FB90" box="[198,479,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Helicotylenchus indicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFE6DFBB7FD03FB93" author="Siddiqi" box="[486,644,1072,1098]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. (1963) Two new species of the genus Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945 (Nematoda: Hoplolaiminae). Parasitology Research, 23, 239 - 244." type="journal article" year="1963">Siddiqi, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFD35FBB7FC33FB93" author="Renubala" box="[702,948,1072,1098]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Renubala, K., Dhanachand Ch. &amp; Gambhir, R. K. (1992) One new species of Hirschmanniella and record of intersex of Hirschmanniella and Helicotylenchus from Manipur State, India. Current Nematology, 3 (2), 189 - 192." type="journal article" year="1992">
Renubala
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFCBDFBB7FCEDFB90" box="[822,874,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
. 1992
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF1CFBD0FDEDFBA8" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" box="[151,618,1111,1137]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF1CFBD0FDEDFBA8" bold="true" box="[151,618,1111,1137]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
Family:
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFE8BFBD0FDEDFBA8" authority="Thorne, 1949" authorityName="Thorne" authorityYear="1949" box="[256,618,1111,1137]" class="Secernentea" family="Pratylenchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Pratylenchidae Thorne, 1949</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF4DFB07FCFBFB33" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFB07FB82FB43" authority="Renubala, Dhanachand &amp; Gambhir, 1992" authorityName="Renubala, Dhanachand &amp; Gambhir" authorityYear="1992" box="[198,1029,1152,1178]" class="Secernentea" family="Pratylenchidae" genus="Hirschmanniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="abnormalis">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFB07FD9FFB40" box="[198,536,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Hirschmanniella abnormalis</emphasis>
Renubala, Dhanachand &amp; Gambhir, 1992
</taxonomicName>
(F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFBB4FB07FAB2FB43" author="Renubala" box="[1087,1333,1152,1178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Renubala, K., Dhanachand Ch. &amp; Gambhir, R. K. (1992) One new species of Hirschmanniella and record of intersex of Hirschmanniella and Helicotylenchus from Manipur State, India. Current Nematology, 3 (2), 189 - 192." type="journal article" year="1992">
Renubala
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFB3CFB07FB6EFB40" box="[1207,1257,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
. 1992
</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFB2FFC3EFB1B" authority="(Soltwedel, 1889) Luc &amp; Goodey, 1963" authorityName="(Soltwedel, 1889) Luc &amp; Goodey" authorityYear="1963" box="[198,953,1192,1218]" class="Secernentea" family="Pratylenchidae" genus="Hirschmanniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="oryzae">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFB2FFE66FB18" box="[198,481,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Hirschmanniella oryzae</emphasis>
(Soltwedel, 1889)
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFD4AFB2FFC3EFB1B" author="Luc" box="[705,953,1192,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Luc, M. &amp; Goodey, J. B. (1963) Hirschmanniella nom. Nov. for Hirschmannia. Nematologica, 9, 471." type="journal article" year="1963">Luc &amp; Goodey, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(M) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFC77FB2FFB67FB1B" author="Kanwar" box="[1020,1248,1192,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Kanwar, R. S., Saran, J. S. &amp; Bajaj, H. K. (1992) Male intersex in Hirschmanniella oryzae (Nematoda). Haryana Agricultural University Journal of Research, 22 (1), 52 - 53." type="journal article" year="1992">
Kanwar
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFBE9FB2FFB1AFB18" box="[1122,1181,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
1992
</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFB57FD1AFB33" authority="Ahmad, 1972" authorityName="Ahmad" authorityYear="1972" box="[198,669,1232,1258]" class="Secernentea" family="Pratylenchidae" genus="Hirschmanniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="shamimi">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFB57FE71FB30" box="[198,502,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Hirschmanniella shamimi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFE76FB57FD1AFB33" author="Ahmad" box="[509,669,1232,1258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Ahmad S. (1972) Nematodes of paddy I. two new species of the genus Hirschmanniella Luc &amp; Goodey, 1963. Indian journal of Nematology, 2, 117 - 122." type="journal article" year="1972">Ahmad, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(F) (Present work)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF1CFB70FDFBFAC8" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" box="[151,636,1271,1297]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF1CFB70FDFBFAC8" bold="true" box="[151,636,1271,1297]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Class: Adenophorea von Linstow, 1905</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B11F4FFEA943CFF1CFA98FDD1FAB8" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF1CFA98FD78FAE0" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" box="[151,767,1311,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF1CFA98FD78FAE0" bold="true" box="[151,767,1311,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
Order:
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF7DFA98FD78FAE0" authority="Chitwood &amp; Chitwood, 1933" authorityName="Chitwood &amp; Chitwood" authorityYear="1933" box="[246,767,1311,1337]" class="Secernentea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="order">Dorylaimida Chitwood &amp; Chitwood, 1933</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF1CFAC0FDD1FAB8" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" box="[151,598,1351,1377]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF1CFAC0FDD1FAB8" bold="true" box="[151,598,1351,1377]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
Family:
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFE8BFAC0FDD1FAB8" authority="Thorne, 1935" authorityName="Thorne" authorityYear="1935" box="[256,598,1351,1377]" class="Adenophorea" family="Longidoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Longidoridae Thorne, 1935</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B11F4FFEA943CFF4DFAF7FC24F8C3" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF4DFAF7FE76F9A3" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFAF7FDE7FA53" authority="Merny, 1966" authorityName="Merny" authorityYear="1966" box="[198,608,1392,1418]" class="Adenophorea" family="Longidoridae" genus="Longidorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="africanus">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFAF7FE44FA50" box="[198,451,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Longidorus africanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFE40FAF7FDE7FA53" author="Merny" box="[459,608,1392,1418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Merny, G. (1966) Nematodes d'Afrique tropicale; un nouveau Paratylenchus (Criconematidae), deux nouveaux Longidorus et observations sur Longidorus laevicapitatus Williams, 1959 (Dorylaimidae). Nematologica, 12, 385 - 395." type="journal article" year="1966">Merny, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFD11FAF7FC50FA53" author="Cohn" box="[666,983,1392,1418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Cohn, E. &amp; Mordechai, M. (1968) A case of intersexuality and occurrence of males in Longidorus africanus. Nematologica, 14, 591 - 601." type="journal article" year="1968">Cohn and Mordechai 1968</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFA1FFC1EFA6B" authority="Lamberti, Choleva &amp; Agostinelli, 1983" authorityName="Lamberti, Choleva &amp; Agostinelli" authorityYear="1983" box="[198,921,1432,1458]" class="Adenophorea" family="Longidoridae" genus="Longidorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="distinctus">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFA1FFE42FA68" box="[198,453,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Longidorus distinctus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFE47FA1FFC1EFA6B" author="Lamberti" box="[460,921,1432,1458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Lamberti, F., Choleva B. &amp; Agostinelli, A. (1983) Longidoridae from Bulgaria (Nematoda, Dorylaimida) with description of three new species of Longidorus and two new species of Xiphinema. Nematologia Mediterranea, 11, 49 - 72." type="journal article" year="1983">Lamberti, Choleva &amp; Agostinelli, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFC58FA1FFB35FA6B" author="Krnjaic" box="[979,1202,1432,1458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Krnjaic, D., Krnjaic, S., Lamberti, F. &amp; Agostinelli, A. (1999) New record of Longidorus distinctus Lamberti et al. 1983 (Nematoda, Longidoridae) from eastern Serbia. Nematologia Mediterranea, 27, 57 - 61." type="journal article" year="1999">
Krnjaic
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFBBFFA1FFBE8FA68" box="[1076,1135,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFA47FC1EFA03" authority="Lamberti, Choleva &amp; Agostinelli, 1983" authorityName="Lamberti, Choleva &amp; Agostinelli" authorityYear="1983" box="[198,921,1472,1498]" class="Adenophorea" family="Longidoridae" genus="Longidorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="distinctus">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFA47FE42FA00" box="[198,453,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Longidorus distinctus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFE47FA47FC1EFA03" author="Lamberti" box="[460,921,1472,1498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Lamberti, F., Choleva B. &amp; Agostinelli, A. (1983) Longidoridae from Bulgaria (Nematoda, Dorylaimida) with description of three new species of Longidorus and two new species of Xiphinema. Nematologia Mediterranea, 11, 49 - 72." type="journal article" year="1983">Lamberti, Choleva &amp; Agostinelli, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFC58FA47FBF1FA03" author="Liskova" box="[979,1142,1472,1498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Liskova, M. (2007) Morphometrics of females, juveniles and a hermaphrodite of Longidorus distinctus Lamberti et al., 1983 (Nematoda, Longidoridae) from Slovakia. Helminthologia, 44 (4), 210 - 213." type="journal article" year="2007">Liškova 2007</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DFA6FFC3EF9DB" authority="(De Man, 1876) Thorne &amp; Swanger, 1936" authorityName="(De Man, 1876) Thorne &amp; Swanger" authorityYear="1936" box="[198,953,1512,1538]" class="Adenophorea" family="Longidoridae" genus="Longidorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="elongates">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DFA6FFE42F9D8" box="[198,453,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Longidorus elongates</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="F37602EFFFEA943CFE5FFA6FFE7FF9DB" box="[468,504,1512,1538]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">De</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F37602EFFFEA943CFD8BFA6FFDBFF9DB" box="[512,568,1512,1538]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Man</collectingCountry>
, 1876)
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFD1BFA6FFC3EF9DB" author="Thorne" box="[656,953,1512,1538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Thorne, G. &amp; Swanger, H. H. (1936) A monograph of the nematode genera Dorylaimus Dujardin, Aporcelaimus n. g. and Pungentus n. g. Capita Zoologica, 6, 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1936">Thorne &amp; Swanger, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFC79FA6FFA96F9DB" author="Raschke" box="[1010,1297,1512,1538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Raschke, I. E. &amp; Boag, B. (1981) Morphological variation and distribution frequency of hermaphrodite Longidorus elongatus. Revue de Nematologie, 4 (2), 283 - 285." type="journal article" year="1981">Raschké and Boag 1981</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DF997FC3EF9F3" authority="(De Man, 1876) Thorne &amp; Swanger, 1936" authorityName="(De Man, 1876) Thorne &amp; Swanger" authorityYear="1936" box="[198,953,1552,1578]" class="Adenophorea" family="Longidoridae" genus="Longidorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="elongates">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DF997FE42F9F0" box="[198,453,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Longidorus elongates</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="F37602EFFFEA943CFE5FF997FE7FF9F3" box="[468,504,1552,1578]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">De</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F37602EFFFEA943CFD8BF997FDBFF9F3" box="[512,568,1552,1578]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Man</collectingCountry>
, 1876)
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFD1BF997FC3EF9F3" author="Thorne" box="[656,953,1552,1578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Thorne, G. &amp; Swanger, H. H. (1936) A monograph of the nematode genera Dorylaimus Dujardin, Aporcelaimus n. g. and Pungentus n. g. Capita Zoologica, 6, 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1936">Thorne &amp; Swanger, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFC79F997FB1EF9F3" author="Robbins" box="[1010,1177,1552,1578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Robbins, R. T. (1986) Observations of Californidorus cralleyi with two vaginas and an intersex of Longidorus elongatus. Journal of Nematology, 18 (4), 640." type="journal article" year="1986">Robbins 1986</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DF9BFFAEAF98B" authority="Lamberti, Kunz, Grunder, Molinari, De Luca, Agostinelli &amp; Radicci, 2001" authorityName="Lamberti, Kunz, Grunder, Molinari, De Luca, Agostinelli &amp; Radicci" authorityYear="2001" box="[198,1389,1592,1618]" class="Adenophorea" family="Longidoridae" genus="Longidorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DF9BFFE49F988" box="[198,462,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Longidorus helveticus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFE51F9BFFAEAF98B" author="Lamberti" box="[474,1389,1592,1618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Lamberti, F., Kunz, P., Grunder, J., Molinari, S., De Luca, F., Agostinelli, A. &amp; Radicci, V. (2001) Molecular characterization of six Longidorus species from Swizerland with the description of Longidorus helveticus sp. n. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida). Nematologia Mediterranea, 29, 181 - 205." type="journal article" year="2001">
Lamberti, Kunz, Grunder, Molinari,
<collectingCountry id="F37602EFFFEA943CFC12F9BFFC3CF98B" box="[921,955,1592,1618]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">De</collectingCountry>
Luca, Agostinelli &amp; Radicci, 2001
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFF42F9E7FE6EF9A3" author="Barsi" box="[201,489,1632,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Barsi, L. &amp; De Luca, F. (2005) Morphological and molecular characterization of Longidorus helveticus (Nematoda, Dorylaimida) from Serbia. Nematologia Mediterranea, 33, 41 - 49." type="journal article" year="2005">
Barsi and
<collectingCountry id="F37602EFFFEA943CFECAF9E7FEE4F9A3" box="[321,355,1632,1658]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">De</collectingCountry>
Luca 2005
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF4DF90FFC94F913" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DF90FFD03F97B" authority="Hooper, 1961" authorityName="Hooper" authorityYear="1961" box="[198,644,1672,1698]" class="Adenophorea" family="Longidoridae" genus="Longidorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="macrosoma">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DF90FFE5BF978" box="[198,476,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Longidorus macrosoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFE6FF90FFD03F97B" author="Hooper" box="[484,644,1672,1698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Hooper, D. J. (1961) A redescription of Longidorus elongatus (De Man, 1876) Thorne &amp; Swanger, 1936, (Nematoda, Dorylaimidae) and descriptions of five new species of Longidorus from Great Britain. Nematologica, 6, 237 - 257." type="journal article" year="1961">Hooper, 1961</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFD35F90FFBA1F97B" author="Aboul-Eid" box="[702,1062,1672,1698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Aboul-Eid, H. Z. &amp; Coomans, A. (1966) Intersexuality in Longidorus macrosoma. Nematologica, 12, 343 - 345." type="journal article" year="1966">Aboul-Eid and Coomans 1966</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DF937FDD9F913" authority="Luc, 1961" authorityName="Luc" authorityYear="1961" box="[198,606,1712,1738]" class="Adenophorea" family="Longidoridae" genus="Xiphinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="attorodorum">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DF937FE58F910" box="[198,479,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Xiphinema attorodorum</emphasis>
Luc, 1961
</taxonomicName>
(F) (Luc 1961)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE427FFFEA943CFF4DF95FFC24F8C3" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DF95FFD36F92B" authority="Luc &amp; Dalmasso, 1964" authorityName="Luc &amp; Dalmasso" authorityYear="1964" box="[198,689,1752,1778]" class="Adenophorea" family="Longidoridae" genus="Xiphinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ingens">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DF95FFE1FF928" box="[198,408,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Xiphinema ingens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFE2BF95FFD36F92B" author="Luc" box="[416,689,1752,1778]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Luc, M. &amp; Dalmasso, A. (1964) Trois nouveaux Xiphinema associes a la vigne (Nematoda: Dorylaimidae). Nematologica, 9, 531 - 534." type="journal article" year="1964">Luc &amp; Dalmasso, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(F) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFD61F95FFC5AF92B" author="Lamberti" box="[746,989,1752,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Lamberti, F., Zacheo, T. E. &amp; Martelli, G. P. (1975) Uncaso di inersesso in Xiphinema ingens Luc et Dalmasso (Nematoda, Longidoridae). Nematologia Mediterranea, 3, 181 - 183." type="journal article" year="1975">
Lamberti
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFCD4F95FFC1DF928" box="[863,922,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
1975
</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6139FCFFEA943CFF4DF887FDABF8C3" authority="Loos, 1949" authorityName="Loos" authorityYear="1949" box="[198,556,1792,1818]" class="Adenophorea" family="Longidoridae" genus="Xiphinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="insigne">
<emphasis id="B9159E6DFFEA943CFF4DF887FE26F8C0" box="[198,417,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Xiphinema insigne</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFE23F887FDABF8C3" author="Loos" box="[424,556,1792,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Loos, C. A. (1949) Notes on free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes from Ceylon, 5. Journal of the Zoological Society of India, 1, 23 - 29." type="journal article" year="1949">Loos, 1949</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(M) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03F8EFFEA943CFDFBF887FC1CF8C3" author="Bajaj" box="[624,923,1792,1818]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Bajaj, H. K. &amp; Jairajpuri, M. S. (1977) Variability within Xiphinema insigne populations from India. Nematologica, 23, 33 - 46." type="journal article" year="1977">Bajaj and Jairajpuri 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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