154 lines
19 KiB
XML
154 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="C412B9FFF80AE1C24C315F0A9EEA03CD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.281962" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cd8b4259-6947-498d-a7c6-e57db57909a4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="281962" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460506145335" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Makarkin, Vladimir N., Wedmann, Sonja & Weiterschan, Thomas" docDate="2012" docId="03C8F35FFFA01D6DFF1D944EFAC41287" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03417p063.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3417" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hemerobiidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFF18B27FFA11D6EFF8A9529FF971373" masterDocTitle="First record of a fossil larva of Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) from Baltic amber" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1698312789348" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="407CBF1E7537734C19E401ABB7A1BBC3">First record of a fossil larva of Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) from Baltic amber</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9BB2A2BCF3CCB09B99878109D661C427">Makarkin, Vladimir N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4E4031AE73C74C9C2425692B740518CB">Wedmann, Sonja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5C6F7974719B51B77C5511C17F30E857">Weiterschan, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="AE2D20540ECF843363C41593F6E94D35">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8303C8ED5D8414AE749D29F7FB26C3AF">3417</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C8F35FFFA01D6DFF1D944EFAC41287" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6167722" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119522564" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6167722" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C8F35FFFA01D6DFF1D944EFAC41287" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8F35FFFA01D6DFF1D944EFAC41287" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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<subSubSection id="C37B11C2FFA01D6FFF1D944EFF6812D1" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDE4249FFA01D6FFF1D944EFE7212F2" blockId="1.[151,485,359,418]" box="[151,485,359,385]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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<heading id="D096F525FFA01D6FFF1D944EFE7212F2" bold="true" box="[151,485,359,385]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9159E5BFFA01D6FFF1D944EFE7212F2" bold="true" box="[151,485,359,385]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6139CAFFA01D6FFF1D944EFEDF12F2" ID-CoL="624S6" ID-ENA="50435" box="[151,328,359,385]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hemerobiidae</taxonomicName>
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indet., larva
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE4249FFA01D6FFF1D94A3FF6812D1" blockId="1.[151,485,359,418]" box="[151,255,394,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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<figureCitation id="135A5ECCFFA01D6FFF1D94A3FF7412D1" box="[151,227,394,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1807,1830]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,606,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,606,1783]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Hemerobiidae indet., larva, specimen 1530 from coll. T. Weiterschan. A, whole larva, lateral view. B, head and thorax, lateral view. C, head, fronto-dorsal view. All scale bars = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281963/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135A5ECCFFA01D6FFF7B94A3FF6812D1" box="[241,255,394,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1573,1596]" captionTargetBox="[177,1421,430,1531]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,409,1552]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hemerobiidae indet., larva, specimen 1530 from coll. T. Weiterschan. A, whole larva as preserved, lateral view. B, head and prothorax, dorsal view. C, mouthparts, ventro-lateral view. D, apex of right mid-leg. dsc, dorsal sclerite; em, empodium; lp, labial palps; md, mandible; mx, maxillae; ti, tibia; tr, tarsus. All scale bars = 0.5 mm (D not to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281964/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BDE4249FFA01D6FFF1D94FBFF781141" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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<table id="F961B0E9FFA0E291FF1D94FBFA0A1141" box="[151,1437,466,562]" gridcols="3" gridrows="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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<tr id="3551400BFFA0E291FF1D94FBFA0A1298" box="[151,1437,466,491]" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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<th id="76802977FFA0E291FF1D94FBFD6D1298" box="[151,762,466,491]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B9159E5BFFA01D6FFF1D94FBFE151298" bold="true" box="[151,386,466,491]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Specimen no. 1530 deposited in
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</th>
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<th id="76802977FFA0E291FC8B94FBFB841298" box="[769,1043,466,491]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">the private collection of</th>
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<th id="76802977FFA0E291FB9094FBFA0A1298" box="[1050,1437,466,491]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Thomas Weiterschan; a larva in a</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="3551400BFFA0E291FF1D94DFFA0A117D" box="[151,1437,502,526]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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<th id="76802977FFA0E291FF1D94DFFD6D117D" box="[151,762,502,526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">small piece of Baltic amber (precise collecting locality</th>
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<td id="76802977FFA0E291FC8B94DFFB84117D" box="[769,1043,502,526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">is unknown); an oribatid</td>
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<td id="76802977FFA0E291FB9094DFFA0A117D" box="[1050,1437,502,526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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mite (Acari) is preserved as
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<tr id="3551400BFFA0E291FF1D9733FA0A1141" box="[151,1437,538,562]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
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<th id="76802977FFA0E291FF1D9733FD6D1141" box="[151,762,538,562]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">syninclusion.</th>
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</tr>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF1E12C1FFA01D6FFF1D9226FC171437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281963/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[151,1435,606,1782]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="8BDE4249FFA01D6FFF1D9226FC171437" blockId="1.[151,1436,1807,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B9159E5BFFA01D6FFF1D9226FE831456" bold="true" box="[151,276,1807,1830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6139CAFFA01D6FFE969226FE3C1456" box="[284,427,1807,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hemerobiidae</taxonomicName>
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indet., larva, specimen 1530 from coll. T. Weiterschan. A, whole larva, lateral view. B, head and thorax, lateral view. C, head, fronto-dorsal view. All scale bars = 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C37B11C2FFA01D6CFF439242FD4914AE" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDE4249FFA01D6FFF439242FB0914F0" blockId="1.[151,1436,1899,2031]" box="[201,1182,1899,1924]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B9159E5BFFA01D6FFF439242FECD14F7" bold="true" box="[201,346,1899,1924]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Description.</emphasis>
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Larva approximately 3.6 mm long (including mouthparts), rather swollen.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE4249FFA01D6CFF4392A6FAEA1217" blockId="1.[151,1436,1899,2031]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Head somewhat retracted into prothorax. Head capsule about 0.36 mm long, about 0.36 mm wide; area between antennae and basal parts of mouthparts not clearly visible. Mandibles, maxillae form sucking mouthparts (their parts hard to distinguish from each other); mouthparts slightly shorter than head capsule width, smoothly curved inward; maxillae apparently slightly longer than mandibles with apex somewhat blunt. Antennae slightly longer than head capsule width, distinctly three-segmented; basal segment short, rounded, with smooth surface; second segment approximately twice as long, conspicuously stouter than third segment, both with annulated surfaces; apex of antenna with short bristle. Labial palps three-segmented, slightly shorter than mandible length; two basal segments cylindrical, both slightly longer than wide; terminal segment fusiform, length approximately equal to length of two basal segments together. Dorsal ecdysial lines distinct, Y-shaped. Each eye with four stemmata.</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF1E12C1FFA31D6CFF1D930CFB6E150B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281964/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[177,1421,430,1531]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BDE4249FFA31D6CFF1D930CFB6E150B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1573,1657]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="B9159E5BFFA31D6CFF1D930CFE9C1548" bold="true" box="[151,267,1573,1596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C6139CAFFA31D6CFE92930CFE3F1548" box="[280,424,1573,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hemerobiidae</taxonomicName>
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indet., larva, specimen 1530 from coll. T. Weiterschan. A, whole larva as preserved, lateral view. B, head and prothorax, dorsal view. C, mouthparts, ventro-lateral view. D, apex of right mid-leg. dsc, dorsal sclerite; em, empodium; lp, labial palps; md, mandible; mx, maxillae; ti, tibia; tr, tarsus. All scale bars = 0.5 mm (D not to scale).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BDE4249FFA31D6CFF4393E0FF4A143E" blockId="2.[151,1436,1737,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Cervix short, transverse, forming collar which slightly overlaps posterior margin of head capsule. Anterior subsegment of prothorax broad, about 0.6–0.7 mm wide and about 0.3–0.4 mm long; lateral dorsal sclerites large, crescent-shaped. Posterior subsegment of prothorax, meso-, metathorax poorly visible, no measurements can be given.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE4249FFA31D6CFF439273FE4414CA" blockId="2.[151,1436,1737,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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Legs relatively short, stout, robust. Coxa elongate, stout; trochanter indistinctly visible, apparently elongate; femur rather short, stout; tibia short, only slightly longer than tarsus; claws rather short; empodium between claws short, pad-shaped (
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<figureCitation id="135A5ECCFFA31D6CFEE19288FE3814CA" box="[363,431,1953,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1573,1596]" captionTargetBox="[177,1421,430,1531]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,409,1552]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hemerobiidae indet., larva, specimen 1530 from coll. T. Weiterschan. A, whole larva as preserved, lateral view. B, head and prothorax, dorsal view. C, mouthparts, ventro-lateral view. D, apex of right mid-leg. dsc, dorsal sclerite; em, empodium; lp, labial palps; md, mandible; mx, maxillae; ti, tibia; tr, tarsus. All scale bars = 0.5 mm (D not to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281964/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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D).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE4249FFA31D6CFF4392ECFD4914AE" blockId="2.[151,1436,1737,2013]" box="[201,734,1989,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Abdomen poorly preserved, in general swollen.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B11C2FFA21D6DFF4395B1FAC41287" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDE4249FFA21D6DFF4395B1FAD41384" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B9159E5BFFA21D6DFF4395B1FEA113C3" bold="true" box="[201,310,152,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Remarks</emphasis>
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. Some details of the larva are indistinctly visible. The maxillae and their association with the mandibles might be slightly different in the drawing and photo as there are reflecting fractures that disturb the view. The abdomen is obscured by a milky covering and the boundaries between the segments are not clearly visible.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE4249FFA21D6DFF43942DFAC41287" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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The presence of a short, pad-shaped empodium clearly shows that this is a 2nd or 3rd instar larva; the empodium is long and trumpet-shaped in the first instar larva of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6139CAFFA21D6DFCA5940EFC46124C" box="[815,977,295,319]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hemerobiidae</taxonomicName>
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. Most probably this is a 2nd instar larva, judged from its relatively small size. Such small 3rd instar larvae are unknown in any species of extant
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<taxonomicName id="4C6139CAFFA21D6DFA919465FF5612F4" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hemerobiidae</taxonomicName>
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. For instance, in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6139CAFFA21D6DFE099459FCB012F4" authority="Fitch, 1855" authorityName="Fitch" authorityYear="1855" box="[387,807,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Sympherobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amiculus">
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<emphasis id="B9159E5BFFA21D6DFE099459FD1A12FB" box="[387,653,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Sympherobius amiculus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF03FB8FFA21D6DFD169446FC8812F4" author="Fitch" box="[668,799,367,391]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" refString="Fitch, A. (1855) Report [upon the noxious and other insects of the state of New-York]. Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society, 14 (for 1854), 705 - 880." type="journal article" year="1855">Fitch, 1855</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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the 2nd instar larva is 2.81 mm long, and the 3rd instar larva is 4.8 mm long (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF03FB8FFA21D6DFE0194BDFD8412DF" author="Smith" box="[395,531,404,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" refString="Smith, R. C. (1923) The life histories and stages of some hemerobiids and allied species (Neuroptera). Annals of the Entomological Society ofAmerica, 16, 129 - 151." type="journal article" year="1923">Smith 1923</bibRefCitation>
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); in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6139CAFFA21D6DFDCE94BCFC5B12DF" authority="Burmeister, 1839" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" box="[580,972,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Psectra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diptera">
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<emphasis id="B9159E5BFFA21D6DFDCE94BCFD6612DF" box="[580,753,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Psectra diptera</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF03FB8FFA21D6DFD7594BDFC5412DF" author="Burmeister" box="[767,963,404,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" refString="Burmeister, H. C. C. (1839) Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band. Besondere Entomologie. Zweite Abtheilung. Kaukerfe. Gymnognatha. (Zweite Halfte; vulgo Neuroptera). Theod. Chr. Friedr. Enslin, Berlin, [i] - xii + 757 - 1050." type="book chapter" year="1839">Burmeister, 1839</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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the 2nd instar larva is 3.75 mm long, and the 3rd instar (full-grown) larva is 5.5 mm long (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF03FB8FFA21D6DFD34949EFCE112BC" author="Killington" box="[702,886,439,463]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" refString="Killington, F. J. (1946) On Psectra diptera (Burm.) (Neur., Hemerobiidae), including an account of its life-history. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 82, 161 - 176." type="journal article" year="1946">Killington 1946</bibRefCitation>
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); in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6139CAFFA21D6DFC2D9491FA8A12BC" authority="Banks, 1897" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1897" box="[935,1309,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Megalomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fidelis">
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<emphasis id="B9159E5BFFA21D6DFC2D9491FBE112A3" box="[935,1142,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Megalomus fidelis</emphasis>
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||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03FB8FFA21D6DFB0C949EFA8212BC" author="Banks" box="[1158,1301,439,463]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" refString="Banks, N. (1897) New North American neuropteroid insects. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 24, 21 - 31." type="journal article" year="1897">Banks, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the mature 2nd instar larva is 3.32 ± 0.43 mm long, and the mature 3rd instar larva is 4.53 ± 1.05 mm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03FB8FFA21D6DFB1C94F5FAD11287" author="MacLeod" box="[1174,1350,476,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" refString="MacLeod, E. G. (1961) The immature stages of Boriomyia fidelis (Banks) with taxonomic notes on the affinities of the genus Boriomyia (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae). Psyche, 67 (for 1960), 26 - 40." type="journal article" year="1961">MacLeod 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |