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<document id="47D8200335BA2704B44331F8A89EFDC7" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5543.4.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14386776" ID-ZooBank="E34AF3EF-4D03-4C08-8E11-C9514D42021B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1733919186538" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2024" docId="03C83A1CFF8EC354FF772EDE515A4470" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5543.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5543 (4)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cladaster kiko Mah, 2024, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="472" masterDocId="FFF14264FF9DC341FFE02E495341417D" masterDocTitle="New genera and species of deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea) from the North Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="500" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="470" updateTime="1734434064719" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="DA9B1414BA8011736FD948EBC6DB685F">New genera and species of deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea) from the North Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="409E24A5C4FA8CFFA706EAF8724D9944">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="33742A21E32C972A5CC36F2830872411">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="7D834CB5D538D44F82E9B8E6B397BBCF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5543.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C83A1CFF8EC354FF772EDE515A4470" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C83A1CFF8EC354FF772EDE515A4470" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C83A1CFF8EC354FF772EDE515A4470" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<subSubSection id="C37BD881FF8EC352FF772EDE52D141CF" box="[151,400,151,178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8EC352FF772EDE52D141CF" blockId="19.[151,400,151,214]" box="[151,400,151,178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<heading id="D0963C66FF8EC352FF772EDE52D141CF" bold="true" box="[151,400,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FF772EDE52D141CF" bold="true" box="[151,400,151,178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FF772EDE520741CF" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,326,151,178]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kiko" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FF772EDE520741CF" bold="true" box="[151,326,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Cladaster kiko</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A226EA63FF8EC352FEAE2ED152D141CF" box="[334,400,152,178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37BD881FF8EC352FF772EF5520241A8" box="[151,323,187,214]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8EC352FF772EF5520241A8" blockId="19.[151,400,151,214]" box="[151,323,187,214]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<figureCitation id="135A978FFF8EC352FF772EF5520241A8" box="[151,323,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cladaster kiko n. sp. MCZ 162797. Holotype. A. Abactinal B. In situ observation. C. Abactinal-lateral view. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing abactinal and superomarginal surface. E. Actinal F. Adambulacral plates showing large furrow spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm, A, E; Scale bar=5.0 mm: C, D; Scale bar=1.0 mm: F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386794/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">FIGURE 6A–F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37BD881FF8EC352FF772F4D52D240F7" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8EC352FF772F4D525F4063" blockId="19.[151,286,260,286]" box="[151,286,260,286]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FF772F4D525F4063" bold="true" box="[151,286,260,286]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8EC352FF772F0552D240F7" blockId="19.[151,1436,332,394]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
The species epithet is named for the word
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FD9B2F0551EB401B" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[635,682,332,358]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kiko">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FD9B2F0551EB401B" box="[635,682,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">kiko</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the Hawaiian word for “point or tip” alluding to the elongate and pointed furrow spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37BD881FF8EC352FF772F92513F43FB" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8EC352FF772F9252514088" blockId="19.[151,272,475,501]" box="[151,272,475,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FF772F9252514088" bold="true" box="[151,272,475,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8EC352FF772C6A56DD4340" blockId="19.[151,1437,547,646]" box="[151,1436,547,574]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<heading id="D0963C66FF8EC352FF772C6A56DD4340" bold="true" box="[151,1436,547,574]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FF772C6A56DD4340" bold="true" box="[151,1436,547,574]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FF772C6A52444343" ID-CoL="7NSZH" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,261,547,574]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FF772C6A52444343" bold="true" box="[151,261,547,574]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Cladaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with two long curved and flattened furrow spines and an enlarged, thickened subambulacral spine.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8EC352FF772C01513F43FB" blockId="19.[151,1437,547,646]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Superomarginals 13–14, inferomarginal plates 19, distalmost superomarginals abutted, pre-terminal superomarginal and inferomarginal plates, strongly convex.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37BD881FF8EC352FF772C9E52D7442B" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8EC352FF772C9E525F438C" blockId="19.[151,286,727,753]" box="[151,286,727,753]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<heading id="D0963C66FF8EC352FF772C9E525F438C" bold="true" box="[151,286,727,753]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FF772C9E525F438C" bold="true" box="[151,286,727,753]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8EC352FF772D6951A142FF" blockId="19.[151,1437,800,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FF772D69527D4247" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,316,800,826]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kiko" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FF772D69527D4247" box="[151,316,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Cladaster kiko</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A226EA63FF8EC352FEA42D6952C14247" box="[324,384,800,826]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs most markedly from
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FD262D6950604247" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[710,801,800,826]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FD262D6950604247" box="[710,801,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">C. rudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FCB82D6957584247" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[856,1049,800,826]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="katafractarius">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FCB82D6957584247" box="[856,1049,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">C. katafractarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which both have multiple pairs of superomarginal plates abutted along the arm, three in the former, four in the latter.
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FBA32D0D56454223" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[1091,1284,836,862]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="katafractarius">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FBA32D0D56454223" box="[1091,1284,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">C. katafractarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has four furrow spines as opposed to the two in
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FDAE2D2151DC42FF" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[590,669,872,898]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kiko" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FDAE2D2151DC42FF" box="[590,669,872,898]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">C. kiko</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A226EA63FF8EC352FD442D2151A142FF" box="[676,736,872,898]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8EC352FF272DC5570F4527" blockId="19.[151,1437,800,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FF272DC552EE42DB" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[199,431,908,934]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="analogous">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FF272DC552EE42DB" box="[199,431,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Cladaster analogous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the North Pacific
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FD7E2DC5504C42DB" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1919" box="[670,781,908,934]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="validus">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FD7E2DC5504C42DB" box="[670,781,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">C. validus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share several characters with
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FBAF2DC557B042DB" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[1103,1265,908,934]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kiko" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FBAF2DC557B042DB" box="[1103,1265,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Cladaster kiko</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A226EA63FF8EC352FB152DC5566F42DB" box="[1269,1326,908,934]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
including the presence of an enlarged single subambulacral spine and two or three furrow spines.
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FBBA2DF957AE42B7" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[1114,1263,944,970]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="analogous">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FBBA2DF957AE42B7" box="[1114,1263,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">C. analogous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has three thick, blunt furrow spines proximally becoming two distally whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FC812D9D50924293" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1919" box="[865,979,980,1006]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="validus">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FC812D9D50924293" box="[865,979,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">C. validus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two spatulate furrow spines through the series on its arm. However both of these species have raised platform like regions on their superomarginal plate surfaces whereas those on
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FE232A555152454B" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[451,531,1052,1078]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kiko" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FE232A555152454B" box="[451,531,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">C. kiko</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A226EA63FF8EC352FDFA2A555117454B" box="[538,598,1052,1078]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are flat with no raised areas. Furrow spines on
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FB8C2A5557FD454B" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[1132,1212,1052,1078]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kiko">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FB8C2A5557FD454B" box="[1132,1212,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">C. kiko</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also curved and have a narrowed and pointed tip whereas those in
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FD282A0950784527" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1919" box="[712,825,1088,1114]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="validus">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FD282A0950784527" box="[712,825,1088,1114]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">C. validus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are blunt and thickened.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8EC352FF272A2D564345DF" blockId="19.[151,1437,800,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FF272A2D522C4503" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,365,1124,1150]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kiko" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FF272A2D522C4503" box="[199,365,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Cladaster kiko</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A226EA63FF8EC352FE962A2D52F54503" box="[374,436,1124,1150]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is among the most deeply occurring of the known
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FBE02A2D578A4503" box="[1024,1227,1124,1150]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FBE02A2D572F4503" box="[1024,1134,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Cladaster</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, which are known primarily from between
<quantity id="4C9926EFFF8EC352FE482ACE516B45DF" box="[424,554,1159,1186]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="100.0">
100–
<specimenCount id="9D674083FF8EC352FE3F2ACE516B45DF" box="[479,554,1159,1186]" count="600" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="generic">600 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8EC352FDD52AC151FC45DF" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[565,701,1160,1186]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="analogus">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FDD52AC151FC45DF" box="[565,701,1160,1186]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">C. analogus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected from
<quantity id="4C9926EFFF8EC352FC352ACE573145DF" box="[981,1136,1159,1186]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8455" metricValueMax="2.044" metricValueMin="1.6469999999999998" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" unit="m" value="1845.5" valueMax="2044.0" valueMin="1647.0">1647–2044 m</quantity>
(Mah 2011).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8EC352FF772ABA52684470" blockId="19.[151,297,1267,1293]" box="[151,297,1267,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<heading id="D0963C66FF8EC352FF772ABA52684470" bold="true" box="[151,297,1267,1293]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FF772ABA52684470" bold="true" box="[151,297,1267,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Occurrence</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8EC352FF772B7552D7442B" blockId="19.[151,406,1340,1366]" box="[151,406,1340,1366]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
North Pacific,
<quantity id="4C9926EFFF8EC352FEDB2B7552D3442B" box="[315,402,1340,1366]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.199" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" unit="m" value="1199.0">1199 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37BD881FF8EC354FF772BEE517E4548" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8EC352FF772BEE526944BC" blockId="19.[151,296,1447,1473]" box="[151,296,1447,1473]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8EC352FF772BEE526944BC" bold="true" box="[151,296,1447,1473]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8EC352FF772BB957AD4777" blockId="19.[151,1437,1519,1870]" box="[151,1260,1519,1546]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
Body stout, stellate/weakly stellate (
<collectionCode id="ED7013CFFF8EC352FDCD2BA651004774" box="[557,577,1519,1545]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">R</collectionCode>
/r=1.96), interradial arcs curved, armtip pointed (
<figureCitation id="135A978FFF8EC352FB862BB9579E4777" box="[1126,1247,1519,1546]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cladaster kiko n. sp. MCZ 162797. Holotype. A. Abactinal B. In situ observation. C. Abactinal-lateral view. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing abactinal and superomarginal surface. E. Actinal F. Adambulacral plates showing large furrow spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm, A, E; Scale bar=5.0 mm: C, D; Scale bar=1.0 mm: F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386794/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Fig. 6A, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8EC352FF27285D526F4633" blockId="19.[151,1437,1519,1870]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
Abactinal plates round, oval to irregularly round or even triangular in shape, each plate weakly convex, shallow fasciolar grooves (
<figureCitation id="135A978FFF8EC352FE8E2871528D472C" box="[366,460,1591,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cladaster kiko n. sp. MCZ 162797. Holotype. A. Abactinal B. In situ observation. C. Abactinal-lateral view. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing abactinal and superomarginal surface. E. Actinal F. Adambulacral plates showing large furrow spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm, A, E; Scale bar=5.0 mm: C, D; Scale bar=1.0 mm: F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386794/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Plates larger proximally, becoming smaller distally adjacent to the superomarginal contact. Abactinal plates on disk and on arms up to abutted pre-terminal superomarginal plates. Each plate covered with distinctly, round granules, 10–20 (
<figureCitation id="135A978FFF8EC352FDBF28C951FD47E4" box="[607,700,1663,1690]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cladaster kiko n. sp. MCZ 162797. Holotype. A. Abactinal B. In situ observation. C. Abactinal-lateral view. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing abactinal and superomarginal surface. E. Actinal F. Adambulacral plates showing large furrow spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm, A, E; Scale bar=5.0 mm: C, D; Scale bar=1.0 mm: F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386794/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Peripheral granules with pointed tips, bullet-shaped, even and widely spaced, 3 to 7 per side. Granules on central plate surface more rounded, without tip, 1 to 8, widely spaced. Abactinal plate surface otherwise smooth, bare. Granules readily abraded, when removed leaving convexity on plate surface. Papulae present only on most abactinal surface approximately six around each plate, with approximately two or three single papulae per side. Madreporite triangular, flanked by three plates, well-developed sulci. No pedicellariae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1EDB82FF89C355FF772940508F4614" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386794" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14386794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386794/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" startId="20.[151,250,1801,1825]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1777]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF89C355FF772940508F4614" blockId="20.[151,1437,1801,1898]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF89C355FF77294052F4465C" bold="true" box="[151,437,1801,1825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
FIGURE 6.
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF89C355FEFC294052F4465C" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[284,437,1801,1825]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kiko" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF89C355FEFC294052F4465C" bold="true" box="[284,437,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Cladaster kiko</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A226EA63FF89C355FE5C294352B7465C" box="[444,502,1802,1826]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF89C355FE5C294352B1465F" bold="true" box="[444,496,1802,1826]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
MCZ 162797. Holotype. A. Abactinal B.
<emphasis id="B9155718FF89C355FC4A294350AA465C" box="[938,1003,1802,1825]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">In situ</emphasis>
observation. C. Abactinal-lateral view. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing abactinal and superomarginal surface. E. Actinal F. Adambulacral plates showing large furrow spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm, A, E; Scale bar=5.0 mm: C, D; Scale bar=1.0 mm: F.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF88C354FF272EDE578C4088" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
Superomarginals 13 to 14, inferomarginals 19, interradial marginal plates with 1:1 association, but offset distally along arms. Individual superomarginal plates wide (W&gt;L), with convex surface, rounded dorsolateral edge. Inferomarginal plates more flattened but with rounded actinolateral edge. Superomarginals with cylindrical to pointed easily abraded granules 20–40, mostly 15–20, widely spaced on smooth surface with convexities on plate surface (
<figureCitation id="135A978FFF88C354FF192F6E5239403C" box="[249,376,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cladaster kiko n. sp. MCZ 162797. Holotype. A. Abactinal B. In situ observation. C. Abactinal-lateral view. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing abactinal and superomarginal surface. E. Actinal F. Adambulacral plates showing large furrow spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm, A, E; Scale bar=5.0 mm: C, D; Scale bar=1.0 mm: F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386794/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Fig. 6C, D</figureCitation>
). Granules producing a superficial spiny layer over the abactinal/marginal plate surface. Pre-terminal superomarginal plates abutted over midline, strongly convex. Inferomarginal plates adjacent to the terminal plates much more convex than those along the arm, interradially. Granules most abundant on dorsolateral-lateral surface with proximal surface with fewer granules. Peripheral granules, 40, 10–15 per side, each round in shape, widely spaced. Shallow fasciolar groove present between marginal plates. Inferomarginal plates surface with 30–40 abundant, round granules, widely spaced. Peripheral granules 40–60, approximately 10 per side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF88C354FF272FB656574364" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1077]" box="[199,1302,511,537]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">No pedicellariae. Terminal plate spherical with 2 to 4 granules on surface adjacent to pre-terminal.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF88C354FF272C6A578443B0" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Actinal surface with 1 to 2 full series with some irregular plates present distally adjacent to inferomarginal contact. Individual plates round variably oval to more oblong. weakly developed fasciolar grooves. Actinal plates covered with 6 to 20 pointed bullet-like granules, but easily abraded, leaving shallow convexities on actinal plate wall. Granules widely spaced. Peripheral granules also bullet-like close to widely spaced, approximately 3 to 6 per side. A single pedicellariae one to three present in three of the four actinal intermediate regions.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF88C354FF272C9E5040456C" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
Adambulacral plates with three to four furrow spines, two with flattened, elongate, distinctly curved, blade-shaped furrow spines with the remaining spines, much shorter, approximately 10% of the length of the elongate spines (
<figureCitation id="135A978FFF88C354FF0D2D5652024244" box="[237,323,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cladaster kiko n. sp. MCZ 162797. Holotype. A. Abactinal B. In situ observation. C. Abactinal-lateral view. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing abactinal and superomarginal surface. E. Actinal F. Adambulacral plates showing large furrow spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm, A, E; Scale bar=5.0 mm: C, D; Scale bar=1.0 mm: F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386794/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
). One or two large subambulacral spines, blunt, the largest was twice as thick as the furrow spines, elongate equal in length to the furrow spines. Remaining subambulacral surface with 6 to 8 granules, rounded to pointed in shape; two to three large pointed spines, three times as thick as the furrow spines but similar in size/shape to the granules on the actinal surface. Oral plates with three flattened, elongate blade-shaped furrow spines with the longest elongate spine projecting into the mouth. Four enlarged, elongate spines present on the oral plate surface (these equivalent to the subambulacral spines), with six to seven pointed granules present along the side of the fossae present between the two halves of the oral plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF88C354FF272A52517E4548" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1077]" box="[199,575,1051,1077]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
Living color was white (
<figureCitation id="135A978FFF88C354FE392A5251734548" box="[473,562,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cladaster kiko n. sp. MCZ 162797. Holotype. A. Abactinal B. In situ observation. C. Abactinal-lateral view. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing abactinal and superomarginal surface. E. Actinal F. Adambulacral plates showing large furrow spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm, A, E; Scale bar=5.0 mm: C, D; Scale bar=1.0 mm: F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386794/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37BD881FF88C354FF772ACF515A4470" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF88C354FF772ACF52CA45DD" blockId="21.[151,395,1158,1184]" box="[151,395,1158,1184]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<heading id="D0963C66FF88C354FF772ACF52CA45DD" bold="true" box="[151,395,1158,1184]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF88C354FF772ACF52CA45DD" bold="true" box="[151,395,1158,1184]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Material Examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF88C354FF772A86515A4470" blockId="21.[151,1436,1230,1293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<materialsCitation id="3B098157FF88C354FF772A8651564470" collectingDate="2022-04-14" collectionCode="MCZ" collectorName="E / V Nautilus" latitude="32.572876" location="North Pacific Ocean" longitude="-175.059768" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" specimenCode="MCZ 162797" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF88C354FF772A86524A4594" bold="true" box="[151,267,1231,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<typeStatus id="54DA35A8FF88C354FF772A8652474594" box="[151,262,1231,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DBC72371FF88C354FEF52A8652EE4594" box="[277,431,1231,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">MCZ 162797</specimenCode>
<location id="8EBEDDD1FF88C354FE582A8651E44594" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C83A1CFF8EC354FF772EDE515A4470:8EBEDDD1FF88C354FE582A8651E44594" box="[440,677,1231,1257]" name="North Pacific Ocean" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">North Pacific Ocean</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE55EDCDFF88C354FD532A87506C4594" box="[691,813,1230,1257]" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" value="32.572876">32.572876</geoCoordinate>
°
<geoCoordinate id="EE55EDCDFF88C354FCDF2A8750914594" box="[831,976,1230,1257]" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" value="-175.059768">-175.059768</geoCoordinate>
°,
<specimenCount id="9D674083FF88C354FC102A86570C4594" box="[1008,1101,1231,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" type="male">
<quantity id="4C9926EFFF88C354FC102A8657084594" box="[1008,1097,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.199" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="1199.0">1199 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Coll.
<collectorName id="2694EEDCFF88C354FB772A86566C4594" box="[1175,1325,1231,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
E/V
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF88C354FB2E2A86566C4594" box="[1230,1325,1231,1257]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9155718FF88C354FB2E2A86566C4594" box="[1230,1325,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Nautilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFDFADCAFF88C354FADD2A8653924470" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" value="2022-04-14">
<collectingDate id="EF9B5422FF88C354FADD2A8653924470" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" value="2022-04-14">14 April 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
. 1 wet spec. R=5.5 r=
<quantity id="4C9926EFFF88C354FE272ABA51564470" box="[455,535,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" unit="cm" value="2.8">2.8 cm</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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