158 lines
18 KiB
XML
158 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D2A4DD58ADA19D77B909B1F95DA56CCA">Metabolic profiling of Commiphora wightii (guggul) reveals a potential source for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DAE28E476BD9150A338C643C6744B96F">Bhatia, Anil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7DE3F89DB4F1602E622C37C6A79C4741">CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226 001, UP, India & School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar 201308, UP, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8FA9BA772E6376713044F6B556395612">Bharti, Santosh K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B29F62F0ED2D75A2782E4605E28E545">Tripathi, Tusha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="53E7402C71484B8395164A42483DBFA2">Mishra, Anuradha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8B287E64A9F131B2E0F64FB5C7A7EB20">Sidhu, Om P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4E84188683F6E415C38DC2BBB3F2E7BE">Roy, Raja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B77885291862427B3C700DCD2C0D635F">Nautiyal, Chandra Shekhar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EBF5B3EEBE06E18FCA10DA9E6247E2A2">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5E8EAEE5018DE36BE5471EA8569B70AB">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CFF8D4B092575F106267E1EA9156DEBB">2015-02-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1E317062114B57A572F5B06E3CAC3668">110</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="C5AAD1EA5979454A1C818F4C2DDF4183">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.016</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="ED1122AE82679621FC1DE7C2CBC5DF54">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="AFF86EF4ECA7BB9DC863B7385838F1FC" type="DOI">10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.016</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DCF11E18FC288A804ACA744B8865C2EB" type="ISSN">1873-3700</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C6FE30FFE0065FFFA5B7E79ABAEA1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C6FE30FFE0065FFFA5B7E79ABAEA1F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6FE30FFE0065FFFA5B7E79ABAEA1F" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection id="C3751CADFFE0065FFFA5B7E79A4CEFDF" box="[114,525,695,715]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD04F26FFE0065FFFA5B7E79A4CEFDF" blockId="4.[114,525,695,715]" box="[114,525,695,715]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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<heading id="D098F84AFFE0065FFFA5B7E79A4CEFDF" box="[114,525,695,715]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B91B9334FFE0065FFFA5B7E79A4CEFDF" box="[114,525,695,715]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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2.5. Metabolites from
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F34A5FFE0065FFE91B7E799E0EFDF" authorityName="Bhandari" baseAuthorityName="Arn." box="[326,417,695,715]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Commiphora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="wightii" subSpecies="endophyte">C. wightii</taxonomicName>
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endophyte
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3751CADFFE0065FFF46B7A09ABAEA1F" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD04F26FFE0065FFF46B7A09AFCE8A8" blockId="4.[113,784,751,1803]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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Five endophytic fungi namely
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F34A5FFE0065FFDF1B7BF9B4EEE17" box="[550,783,751,771]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Amniculicolaceae" genus="Fusarium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="incarnatum">
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<emphasis id="B91B9334FFE0065FFDF1B7BF9B4EEE17" box="[550,783,751,771]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Fusarium incarnatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NBRI88611),
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F34A5FFE0065FFED3B65B9992EE0B" box="[260,467,779,799]" class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Aspergillaceae" genus="Emericella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Eurotiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="variecolor">
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<emphasis id="B91B9334FFE0065FFED3B65B9992EE0B" box="[260,467,779,799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Emericella variecolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NBRI88613),
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F34A5FFE0065FFDA6B65B9B4EEE0B" box="[625,783,779,799]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Amniculicolaceae" genus="Fusarium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="solani">
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<emphasis id="B91B9334FFE0065FFDA6B65B9B4EEE0B" box="[625,783,779,799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Fusarium solani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NBRI88614),
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F34A5FFE0065FFED5B67799A0EE2F" box="[258,481,807,827]" class="Dothideomycetes" genus="Aspergillus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tubingensis">
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<emphasis id="B91B9334FFE0065FFED5B67799A0EE2F" box="[258,481,807,827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Aspergillus tubingensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NBRI88615) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F34A5FFE0065FFD71B6779B4EEE2F" box="[678,783,807,827]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Apiosporaceae" genus="Nigrospora" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91B9334FFE0065FFD71B6779B4EEE2F" box="[678,783,807,827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Nigrospora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sps. (NBRI88616) were isolated from healthy stem of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F34A5FFE0065FFD7CB6129B4BEE42" box="[683,778,834,854]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Commiphora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
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<emphasis id="B91B9334FFE0065FFD7CB6129B4BEE42" box="[683,778,834,854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">C. wightii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Out of 5, one fungus
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F34A5FFE0065FFEE9B60E99E6EE66" box="[318,423,862,882]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Apiosporaceae" genus="Nigrospora" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91B9334FFE0065FFEE9B60E99E6EE66" box="[318,423,862,882]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Nigrospora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sps. (NBRI88616) was found to produce substantial amounts of red-pigmented compounds in both the liquid and solid potato dextrose media (
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<figureCitation id="135453A3FFE0065FFD93B6C79A3CEEBE" box="[580,637,919,938]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[207,233,1999,2013]" captionTargetBox="[359,1190,952,1969]" captionTargetId="figure-494@3.[359,1191,952,1970]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Shows endophytic fungus Nigrospora sp. on potato dextrose agar plate (A) and potato dextrose broth medium (B) and SEM image (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10485804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10485804/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Intracellular and extracellular metabolites from chloroform extracts of endophytic fungus grown in potato dextrose liquid media for 4-weeks at 28 ± 2 °C were investigated using NMR spectroscopy and GC– MS. Red pigmented compounds were separated by liquid phase extraction with chloroform using a separatory funnel. Combined chloroform extracts were concentrated and the purified fractions of compound 1 (
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<quantity id="4C97E2C3FFE0065FFECEB10B991BE97A" box="[281,346,1115,1134]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" unit="mg" value="97.0">97 mg</quantity>
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) and compound 2 (
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) were obtained by preparative TLC. The purified reddish amorphous powders of both the compounds were identified as deoxybostrycin (compound 1) and bostrycin (compound 2) by one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments (Supplementary Figs. 8–12). The structures of deoxybostrycin and bostrycin were determined by comparing
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<superScript id="7C1AE26EFFE0065FFD6CB1B29A85E9FA" attach="right" box="[699,708,1250,1262]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">1</superScript>
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H NMR data as reported previously (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE32D7FFE0065FFE77B0529A17E801" author="Chen, H. & Zhong, L. & Long, Y. & Li, J. & Wu, J. & Liu, L. & Chen, S. & Lin, Y. & Li, M. & Zhu, X. & She, Z." box="[416,598,1282,1301]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" pagination="932 - 952" refId="ref7524" refString="Chen, H., Zhong, L., Long, Y., Li, J., Wu, J., Liu, L., Chen, S., Lin, Y., Li, M., Zhu, X., She, Z., 2012. Studies on the synthesis of derivatives of marine-derived bostrycin and their structure-activity relationship against tumor cells. Mar. Drugs 10, 932 - 952." type="journal article" year="2012">Chen et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE32D7FFE0065FFDB4B0529B43E801" author="Xia, X. & Li, Q. & Li, J. & Shao, C. & Zhang, J. & Zhang, Y. & Liu, X. & Lin, Y. & Liu, C. & She, Z." box="[611,770,1282,1301]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" pagination="1735 - 1738" refId="ref10054" refString="Xia, X., Li, Q., Li, J., Shao, C., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Lin, Y., Liu, C., She, Z., 2011. Two new derivatives of griseofulvin from the mangrove endophytic fungus Nigrospora sp. (strain No. 1403) from Kandelia candel (L.) Druce. Planta Med. 77, 1735 - 1738." type="journal article" year="2011">Xia et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). The deoxybostrycin and bostrycin assignments are presented in Supplementary Table 1. Bostrycin, a potent antitumor agent (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE32D7FFE0065FFD39B06A98A2E87D" author="Xia, X. & Li, Q. & Li, J. & Shao, C. & Zhang, J. & Zhang, Y. & Liu, X. & Lin, Y. & Liu, C. & She, Z." pageId="4" pageNumber="33" pagination="1735 - 1738" refId="ref10054" refString="Xia, X., Li, Q., Li, J., Shao, C., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Lin, Y., Liu, C., She, Z., 2011. Two new derivatives of griseofulvin from the mangrove endophytic fungus Nigrospora sp. (strain No. 1403) from Kandelia candel (L.) Druce. Planta Med. 77, 1735 - 1738." type="journal article" year="2011">Xia et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
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) has earlier been isolated from marine mangrove fungus,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F34A5FFE0065FFF72B0209976E891" box="[165,311,1392,1413]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Apiosporaceae" genus="Nigrospora" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B91B9334FFE0065FFF72B020994FE890" box="[165,270,1392,1412]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Nigrospora</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE32D7FFE0065FFE9DB0219983E891" author="Duke, N. C." box="[330,450,1393,1413]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" pagination="63 - 100" refId="ref7701" refString="Duke, N. C., 1992. Mangrove floristics and biogeography. Tropical Mangrove Ecosystems. American Geophysical Union, pp. 63 - 100." type="book chapter" year="1992">Duke, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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). Endophytic fungi produce an array of metabolites including alkaloids, benzopyranones, coumarins, quinines, steroids and terpenoids (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE32D7FFE0065FFDD3B0F99AEEE8A8" author="Gunatilaka, A. A." box="[516,687,1449,1468]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" pagination="509 - 526" refId="ref7806" refString="Gunatilaka, A. A., 2006. Natural products from plant-associated microorganisms: distribution, structural diversity, bioactivity, and implications of their occurrence. J. Nat. Prod. 69, 509 - 526." type="journal article" year="2006">Gunatilaka, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD04F26FFE0065FFF46B0959ABAEA1F" blockId="4.[113,784,751,1803]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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Additionally, 28 intracellular and extracellular metabolites from chloroform extracts of an endophytic fungus were investigated using GC–MS and derivatives of steroids, fatty acids, phenol and sterols were identified (Supplementary Table 6). Ergosterol, a metabolite obtained from fungal membrane (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE32D7FFE0065FFDA4B365989FEB70" author="Mille-Lindblom, C. & von Wachenfeldt, E. & Tranvik, L. J." pageId="4" pageNumber="33" pagination="253 - 262" refId="ref8707" refString="Mille-Lindblom, C., von Wachenfeldt, E., Tranvik, L. J., 2004. Ergosterol as a measure of living fungal biomass: persistence in environmental samples after fungal death. J. Microbiol. Methods 59, 253 - 262." type="journal article" year="2004">Mille-Lindblom et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
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) was detected, thus indicating association of fungi with
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F34A5FFE0065FFFA6B33B988AEB6B" box="[113,203,1643,1663]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Commiphora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
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<emphasis id="B91B9334FFE0065FFFA6B33B988AEB6B" box="[113,203,1643,1663]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">C. wightii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The results of the present study suggest that the steroidal derivatives produced by the endophytic fungus may have an important role in biosynthesis of the principal bioactives guggulsterone-Z and guggulsterone-E of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F34A5FFE0065FFE1BB3EF9A6AEBC7" box="[460,555,1727,1747]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Commiphora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
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<emphasis id="B91B9334FFE0065FFE1BB3EF9A6AEBC7" box="[460,555,1727,1747]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">C. wightii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The role of steroidal derivatives produced by an endophyte in biosynthesis of biologically active metabolites of its host plant needs further research.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |