323 lines
36 KiB
XML
323 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="61889D615410D5B69AF9F47EC8AE1AE5" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8347a890-caad-4a81-8a02-8ec476083ffb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272101" ID-ZooBank="08E63512-49DB-495C-83FC-CDF206A516CF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1470983924873" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gordon, Cat A., Hood, Ali R. & Ellis, Jim R." docDate="2016" docId="03C2E354FFDEFFDBFF49FA8FFB795A62" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4150.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4150 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Galeus melastomus Rafinesque 1810" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="272" masterDocId="FFFB9B2CFFCEFFCAFFDEFFB5FFF25D59" masterDocTitle="Descriptions and revised key to the eggcases of the skates (Rajiformes: Rajidae) and catsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) of the British Isles" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="255" pageNumber="271" updateTime="1698381824525" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="467C3D4183F04525A66F6974FAB2484C">Descriptions and revised key to the eggcases of the skates (Rajiformes: Rajidae) and catsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) of the British Isles</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4E34C3C556F9689C03CAF9F5DAEE268B">Gordon, Cat A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6EFED7842EF564759F650EAEC51B43AD">Hood, Ali R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="42683BCDDE61AE5ECE52FA03188046DC">Ellis, Jim R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="01A5C05F9D68B388EABB0B81A205BCD0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9499C926758BCB424FA16EE84B6BAC54">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C2E354FFDEFFDBFF49FA8FFB795A62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631376" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124329255" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631376" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFDEFFDBFF49FA8FFB795A62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C2E354FFDEFFDBFF49FA8FFB795A62" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="272" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFDEFFDAFF49FA8FFDAD580C" box="[151,607,1338,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDEFFDAFF49FA8FFDAD580C" blockId="16.[151,607,1338,1365]" box="[151,607,1338,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">
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<heading id="D09CE52EFFDEFFDAFF49FA8FFDAD580C" bold="true" box="[151,607,1338,1365]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDEFFDAFF49FA8FFDAD580C" ID-CoL="3F4Y9" authority="Rafinesque, 1810" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[151,607,1338,1365]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Galeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melastomus">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFF49FA8FFDAD580C" bold="true" box="[151,607,1338,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFF49FA8FFE70580D" bold="true" box="[151,386,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Galeus melastomus</emphasis>
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Rafinesque, 1810
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFDEFFDAFF49FA34FEF25B17" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDEFFDAFF49FA34FEF25B17" blockId="16.[151,1437,1409,2010]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFF49FA34FEC258C3" bold="true" box="[151,304,1409,1434]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Black-mouth catshark (
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDEFFDAFDE0FA37FD1358C0" box="[574,737,1409,1433]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Galeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melastomus">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFDE0FA37FD1358C0" box="[574,737,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">G. melastomus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) is distributed widely on the outer continental shelf and upper slope in the Northeast Atlantic, from
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFDEFFDAFD9DFA13FD6F58E7" box="[579,669,1446,1470]" name="Norway" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Norway</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFDEFFDAFD1BFA10FCD258E7" box="[709,800,1445,1470]" name="Senegal" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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, including the Mediterranean Sea (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFDEFFDAFB6EFA10FF2158BB" author="Stehmann" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" refString="Stehmann, M. F. W. & Burkel D. L. (1984). Rajidae. In: Whitehead P. J. P., Bauchot, M. - L., Hureaun, J. - C., Nielsen, J. & Tortonese, E. (Eds) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Vol. I. pp. 163 - 196. UNESCO, Paris, 163 - 196." type="book chapter" year="1984">Stehmann & Bürkel, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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). Despite being relatively widespread, this is a deeper-water species and so eggcases are rarely washed ashore and reported to the Great Eggcase Hunt. Only two verified specimens have been submitted to the Great Eggcase Hunt at the time of writing, one from North Uist (
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<collectingRegion id="49AF9CA0FFDEFFDAFD37F9A7FC6E5B73" box="[745,924,1553,1578]" country="United Kingdom" name="Eilean Siar" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">
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Outer
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFDEFFDAFCEBF9A4FC6E5B73" box="[821,924,1553,1578]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Hebrides</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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) and the other from Rossnowlagh,
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<collectingRegion id="49AF9CA0FFDEFFDAFAE3F9A4FA6E5B73" box="[1341,1436,1553,1578]" country="Ireland" name="Donegal" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Donegal</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFDEFFDAFF41F980FF075B17" box="[159,245,1589,1614]" name="Ireland" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Ireland</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFDEFFDAFF19F9ECFEED5B84" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDEFFDAFF19F9ECFEED5B84" blockId="16.[151,1437,1409,2010]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">
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<materialsCitation id="3B03581FFFDEFFDAFF19F9ECFEED5B84" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291551001" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Ireland" location="North Uist" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" specimenCount="1">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFF19F9ECFE5D5B2B" bold="true" box="[199,431,1625,1650]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Seven samples were examined in total, of which one from
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<location id="8EB40499FFDEFFDAFB9FF9ECFB455B2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFDEFFDBFF49FA8FFB795A62:8EB40499FFDEFFDAFB9FF9ECFB455B2B" box="[1089,1207,1625,1650]" country="Ireland" name="North Uist" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">North Uist</location>
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was recorded by the Great Eggcase Hunt. The remaining six specimens were from museum collections (
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<collectionCode id="ED7ACA87FFDEFFDAFB88F9CBFB5E5BCF" box="[1110,1196,1662,1686]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1934.8.8.3a,
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<collectionCode id="ED7ACA87FFDEFFDAFA96F9CBFA6E5BCC" box="[1352,1436,1662,1685]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1934.8.8.4a,
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<collectionCode id="ED7ACA87FFDEFFDAFEF7F917FE8F5BE0" box="[297,381,1698,1721]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1928.9.18.13–16), with two recorded from southwest
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<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFDEFFDAFC36F914FBC55BE3" box="[1000,1079,1697,1722]" name="Ireland" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Ireland</collectingCountry>
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and the remainder of unknown provenance.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFDEFFDAFF19F95CFB6D5A83" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDEFFDAFF19F95CFB6D5A83" blockId="16.[151,1437,1409,2010]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFF19F95CFEAB5A5B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1769,1794]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Description.</emphasis>
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The eggcase of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDEFFDAFDFEF95FFD355A58" box="[544,711,1769,1793]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Galeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melastomus">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFDFEF95FFD355A58" box="[544,711,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">G. melastomus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13504EC7FFDEFFDAFD07F95CFCCF5A5B" box="[729,829,1769,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[372,1217,847,1948]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[363,1223,841,1954]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Eggcases of (a) Galeus melastomus, (b) Scyliorhinus canicula and (c) Scyliorhinus stellaris." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272107/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Figure 8</figureCitation>
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a;
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<tableCitation id="C6E967F9FFDEFFDAFC82F95CFC465A5B" box="[860,948,1769,1794]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[151,239,368,391]" captionText="TABLE 2. Dimensions of catshark (Scyliorhinidae) eggcases from the waters around the British Isles (Northeast Atlantic). All measurements in mm." pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Table 2</tableCitation>
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) is similar in shape and appearance to
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDEFFDAFA59F95FFF0A5A7C" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicula">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFA59F95FFF0A5A7C" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">S. canicula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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however it lacks the curly tendrils of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDEFFDAFD45F8B8FCD55A7C" box="[667,807,1805,1829]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFD45F8B8FCD55A7C" box="[667,807,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Scyliorhinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The mean eggcase length is 58.9 ±
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<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFDEFFDAFB64F8BBFAEF5A7C" box="[1210,1309,1806,1830]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="11.3">11.3 mm</quantity>
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(33.6–65.0 mm) and eggcase width is 20.4 ±
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<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFDEFFDAFD9FF887FD6C5A10" box="[577,670,1842,1866]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
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(17.1–23.0 mm). It is a small and neatly-formed eggcase with longitudinal striations visible on the capsule surface. The capsule is flattened towards the anterior neck and biconvex towards the wider posterior end. Keels are absent and in their place are small ridges that join the dorsal and ventral sides together. In place of tendrils, this eggcase has short anterior horns which form small hooks that curve inwards. The posterior horns are also short and hooked, curving in to meet each other.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFDFFFDBFF19FF22FA785F13" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDFFFDBFF19FF22FE8A5C66" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFF19FF22FEC95DE9" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This species displays multiple oviparity, and 13–14 eggcases have been found in a female’s oviduct (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFDFFFDBFF40FF09FE9F5D8C" author="Costa" box="[158,365,188,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" refString="Costa, M. E., Erzini, K. & Borges, T. C. (2005) Reproductive biology of the blackmouth catshark, Galeus melastomus (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) off the south coast of Portugal. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85, 1173 - 1183. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315405012270" type="journal article" year="2005">
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Costa
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFF36FF08FED05D8D" box="[232,290,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Several studies have reported concentrations of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDFFFDBFC7EFF09FBB65D8D" box="[928,1092,188,212]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Galeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melastomus">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFC7EFF09FBB65D8D" box="[928,1092,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">G. melastomus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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eggcases on biogenic habitats (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFDFFFDBFF40FF6AFE8F5DA1" author="Treude" box="[158,381,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" refString="Treude, T., Kiel, S., Linke, P., Peckmann, J. & Goedert, J. L. (2011) Elasmobranch egg capsules associated with modern and ancient cold seeps: a nursery for marine deep-water predators. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 437, 175 - 181. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 09305" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Treude
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFF26FF54FEC15DA1" box="[248,307,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFDFFFDBFE55FF55FD905DA1" author="Henry" box="[395,610,224,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" refString="Henry, L. A., Navas, J. M., Hennige, S. J., Wicks, L. C., Vad, J. & Roberts, J. M. (2013) Cold-water coral reef habitats benefit recreationally valuable sharks. Biological Conservation, 161, 67 - 70. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocon. 2013.03.002" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Henry
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||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFE05FF54FDE75DA1" box="[475,533,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The eggcase of the related Atlantic sawtail catshark
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDFFFDBFB0AFF55FEB85C45" authority="Vaillant, 1888" authorityName="Vaillant" authorityYear="1888" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Galeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
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<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFB0AFF55FA695DA1" box="[1236,1435,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Galeus atlanticus</emphasis>
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(Vaillant, 1888)
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</taxonomicName>
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, which occurs south of the present study area, was described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFDFFFDBFBF3FEB0FB035C45" box="[1069,1265,260,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" refString="Rey, J., Coelho, R., Lloris, D., Seret, B. & Gil de Sola, L. (2010) Distribution pattern of Galeus atlanticus in the Alboran Sea (south western Mediterranean) and some sexual character comparison with Galeus melastomus. Marine Biology Research, 6, 364 - 372. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000903042487" type="journal article">
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Rey
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFBBCFEB0FB6E5C45" box="[1122,1180,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and is smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDFFFDBFF10FE9DFE825C19" box="[206,368,296,320]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Galeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melastomus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFF10FE9DFE825C19" box="[206,368,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">G. melastomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1402CAFFDFFFDBFF49FEC5FDE55CFE" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDFFFDBFF49FEC5FDE55CFE" blockId="17.[151,1435,368,423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFF49FEC5FEFC5CDE" bold="true" box="[151,270,368,391]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Dimensions of catshark (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDFFFDBFDE9FEC5FD245CDE" box="[567,726,368,391]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Scyliorhinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) eggcases from the waters around the British Isles (Northeast Atlantic). All measurements in mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDFFFDBFF41FE77FA795C81" blockId="17.[159,1419,450,740]" box="[159,1419,450,472]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Species Eggcase width Eggcase length Width of collar Comments and source</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDFFFDBFDEDFE59FC7D5F5B" blockId="17.[159,1419,450,740]" box="[563,911,492,514]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Without horns/ With horns/</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDFFFDBFDEDFDBFFC915F79" blockId="17.[159,1419,450,740]" box="[563,867,522,544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">tendrils tendrils</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDFFFDBFF41FD81FA785F13" blockId="17.[159,1419,450,740]" box="[159,1418,564,586]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDFFFDBFF41FD81FF155F13" box="[159,231,564,586]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Galeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFF41FD81FF155F13" box="[159,231,564,586]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Galeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
20 64
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFDFFFDBFB74FD80FA785F13" author="Lacourt" box="[1194,1418,564,586]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" refString="Lacourt, A. W. (1979) Eikapsels van de kraakbeenvissen, roggen, haaien, draakvissen (chondrichtyes) van Noord- en West Europa. Wetenschappelijke Mededeling Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, No. 135, 27 pp." type="book" year="1979">
|
||
Lacourt (1979;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13504EC7FFDFFFDBFA99FD81FA705F13" box="[1351,1410,564,586]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1230,1252]" captionTargetBox="[219,1370,198,1203]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[208,1379,193,1209]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Eggcases of (a) Raja brachyura (b) Raja clavata (typical specimen) and (c) R. clavata (aberrant specimen from museum collection; BMNH 1927.3.25.1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272105/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFDFFFDBFF41FDE7FA795FE2" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDFFFDBFF41FDE7FB775FCB" blockId="17.[159,1419,450,740]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDFFFDBFF41FDE7FEE55F31" box="[159,279,594,616]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Galeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melastomus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFF41FDE7FEE55F31" box="[159,279,594,616]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">melastomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
20.4 ± 1.8 58.9 ± 11.3 66.4 ± 14.2 14.8 ± 1.5 This study (17.1–23.0; n=7) (33.6–65.0; n=7) (34.8–74.0; n=7) (14.0–18.0; n=7)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDFFFDBFF41FD10FA795FE2" blockId="17.[159,1419,450,740]" box="[159,1419,677,699]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDFFFDBFF41FD10FEEF5FE2" box="[159,285,677,699]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFF41FD10FEEF5FE2" box="[159,285,677,699]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Scyliorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
25 60
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFDFFFDBFB74FD13FA795FE2" author="Lacourt" box="[1194,1419,677,699]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" refString="Lacourt, A. W. (1979) Eikapsels van de kraakbeenvissen, roggen, haaien, draakvissen (chondrichtyes) van Noord- en West Europa. Wetenschappelijke Mededeling Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, No. 135, 27 pp." type="book" year="1979">
|
||
Lacourt (1979;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13504EC7FFDFFFDBFA99FD10FA705FE2" box="[1351,1410,677,699]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eggcases of (a) Raja microocellata and (b) Rostroraja alba." pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFDFFFDBFF41FD71FC1259A2" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDFFFDBFF41FD71FC1259A2" blockId="17.[159,1419,450,740]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,1142,1851]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDFFFDBFF41FD71FF045F83" ID-CoL="9G677" box="[159,246,708,730]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFF41FD71FF045F83" box="[159,246,708,730]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">canicula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
23 55
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFDFFFDBFB74FD7AFA905FBD" author="Bor" box="[1194,1378,718,740]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" refString="Bor, P. (1998) Eikapsels van haaien en roggen. Wetenschappelijke Mededeling Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, No. 223, 48 pp." type="book" year="1998">
|
||
Bor (1998;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13504EC7FFDFFFDBFAC0FD7BFAA85FBD" box="[1310,1370,718,740]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1455,1477]" captionTargetBox="[241,1349,203,1427]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[223,1364,193,1433]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Eggcases of (a) Raja montagui, (b) Raja undulata (typical specimen), and (c) R. undulata (aberrant specimen with extended eggcase from Brighton, English Channel)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272106/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFF49FBC3FEC259D6" bold="true" box="[151,304,1142,1167]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Small-spotted catshark (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDFFFDBFD95FBC2FD3B59D7" ID-CoL="9G677" box="[587,713,1142,1166]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFD95FBC2FD3B59D7" box="[587,713,1142,1166]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">S. canicula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is widespread in the shelf seas of the Northeast Atlantic, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFDFFFDBFF49FB2EFF0359EA" box="[151,241,1179,1203]" name="Norway" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
to western Africa, including the Mediterranean Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFDFFFDBFC81FB2FFB6759EA" author="Stehmann" box="[863,1173,1178,1203]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" refString="Stehmann, M. F. W. & Burkel D. L. (1984). Rajidae. In: Whitehead P. J. P., Bauchot, M. - L., Hureaun, J. - C., Nielsen, J. & Tortonese, E. (Eds) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Vol. I. pp. 163 - 196. UNESCO, Paris, 163 - 196." type="book chapter" year="1984">Stehmann & Bürkel, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is one of the most abundant sharks around the British Isles. The eggcases are commonly washed ashore around much of the coastline, observed in trawl surveys and encountered
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFDA2FB56FD3059A3" box="[636,706,1251,1274]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
by divers and snorkelers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDFFFDBFE85FD4DFD855913" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<table id="F96BA0E2FFDF0035FF49FD4DFA795913" box="[151,1419,760,1098]" gridcols="3" gridrows="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<tr id="355B5000FFDF0035FF49FD4DFA795E75" box="[151,1419,760,812]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<th id="768A397CFFDF0035FF49FD4DFD055E75" box="[151,759,760,812]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">21.8 ± 2.3 40.1 ± 11.8 (17.8–31.0; n=52) (31.0–74.0; n=52)</th>
|
||
<th id="768A397CFFDF0035FC05FD4DFB605E75" box="[987,1170,760,812]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">17.2 ± 2.0 (14.2–25.4; n=52)</th>
|
||
<th id="768A397CFFDF0035FB74FD4DFA795E75" box="[1194,1419,760,812]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">This study</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355B5000FFDF0035FF49FCF5FA795E26" box="[151,1419,832,895]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="768A397CFFDF0035FF49FCF5FD055E26" box="[151,759,832,895]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDFFFDBFF41FCF5FEEF5E0F" box="[159,285,832,854]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFF41FCF5FEEF5E0F" box="[159,285,832,854]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Scyliorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
40 100
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDFFFDBFF41FCEBFF035E2D" box="[159,241,862,884]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFF41FCEBFF035E2D" box="[159,241,862,884]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">stellaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
40 110
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768A397CFFDF0035FB74FCF5FA795E26" box="[1194,1419,832,895]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Lacourt (1979; Fig. 7) Bor (1998; Fig. 8)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355B5000FFDF0035FF49FC27FA795E9E" box="[151,1419,914,967]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<th id="768A397CFFDF0035FF49FC27FD055E9E" box="[151,759,914,967]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">34.1 ± 0.9 106.4 ± 7.2 (32.7–36.7; n=58) (89.0–125.1; n=58)</th>
|
||
<td id="768A397CFFDF0035FC05FC27FB605E9E" box="[987,1170,914,967]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">33.2 ± 2.2 (26.0–36.7; n=58)</td>
|
||
<td id="768A397CFFDF0035FB74FC27FA795E9E" box="[1194,1419,914,967]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">This study</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355B5000FFDF0035FF49FB9AFA795913" box="[151,1419,1071,1098]" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="768A397CFFDF0035FF49FB9AFD055913" box="[151,759,1071,1098]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDFFFDBFF49FB9AFD855913" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,631,1071,1098]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFF49FB9AFE6D5910" bold="true" box="[151,415,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Scyliorhinus canicula</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFDFFFDBFF19FAB3FC1A581A" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDFFFDBFF19FAB3FC1A581A" blockId="17.[151,1437,1142,1851]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFF19FAB3FE405846" bold="true" box="[199,434,1286,1311]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Fifty-two eggcases were examined in total. The majority (n = 50) were recorded by the Great Eggcase Hunt, with the remainder provided by public aquaria (n = 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFDFFFDBFF19FAFBFB425B3A" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDFFFDBFF19FAFBFB425B3A" blockId="17.[151,1437,1142,1851]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFF19FAFBFEAB583E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1358,1383]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The eggcase of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDFFFDBFDCDFAFAFD62583F" box="[531,656,1358,1382]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFDCDFAFAFD62583F" box="[531,656,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">S. canicula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13504EC7FFDFFFDBFD7EFAFBFCF2583E" box="[672,768,1358,1383]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[372,1217,847,1948]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[363,1223,841,1954]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Eggcases of (a) Galeus melastomus, (b) Scyliorhinus canicula and (c) Scyliorhinus stellaris." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272107/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
b;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E967F9FFDFFFDBFCC0FAFBFC81583E" box="[798,883,1358,1383]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[151,239,368,391]" captionText="TABLE 2. Dimensions of catshark (Scyliorhinidae) eggcases from the waters around the British Isles (Northeast Atlantic). All measurements in mm." pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) is of a similar shape to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDFFFDBFB52FAFAFAF0583F" box="[1164,1282,1358,1382]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFB52FAFAFAF0583F" box="[1164,1282,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">S. stellaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however the elongated capsule is much smaller and less robust. The eggcase is 40.1 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFDFFFDBFC03FAC6FBB358D3" box="[989,1089,1395,1419]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="11.8">11.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(31.0–74.0 mm) in length and has a greatest width of 21.8 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFDFFFDBFE2FFA22FDBA58F7" box="[497,584,1431,1455]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(17.8–31.0 mm). The eggcase is biconvex towards the wider posterior end and flattened towards the anterior end. As the capsule flattens the width narrows to form a collar, before widening again slightly at the anterior end. Keels are absent, but narrow margins join the dorsal and ventral sides. The anterior of the eggcase is straight, while the posterior is concave, and aprons are absent. Fine, elongated and curled tendrils extend from the terminus of the marginal walls on each corner of the capsule. The colour is not a reliable identification feature as it is highly variable, ranging from pale amber to dark brown or black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFDFFFDBFF19F9DBFB795A62" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDFFFDBFF19F9DBFB795A62" blockId="17.[151,1437,1142,1851]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFF19F9DBFEC95BDE" bold="true" box="[199,315,1646,1671]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The tendrils are used to anchor the eggcase to a variety of structures, including macroalgae in the shallow sublittoral, and various sessile invertebrates (sponges, hydroids, soft corals, bryozoans, ascidians) are used further offshore (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFDFFFDBFE8AF903FDA85B96" author="Ellis" box="[340,602,1718,1743]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" refString="Ellis, J. R. & Shackley, S. E. (1997) The reproductive biology of Scyliorhinus canicula in the Bristol Channel, U. K. Journal of Fish Biology, 51, 361 - 372. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1997. tb 01672. x" type="journal article" year="1997">Ellis & Shackley, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The eggcases of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDFFFDBFCF9F902FC505B97" box="[807,930,1718,1742]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFCF9F902FC505B97" box="[807,930,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">S. canicula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can often be found in large masses where the tendrils have knotted together, forming large ‘nests’. The capsule of the eggcase is similar in size to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDFFFDBFA5AF96EFEE95A4F" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Galeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melastomus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDFFFDBFA5AF96EFEE95A4F" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="272">G. melastomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and so could cause confusion if the tendrils have been broken.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFDFFFDBFC3BF94BFB575A4E" author="Mellinger" box="[997,1189,1790,1815]" pageId="17" pageNumber="272" refString="Mellinger, J. (1983) Eggcase diversity among dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula (L.): a study of egg laying rate and nidamental gland secretory activity. Journal of Fish Biology, 22, 83 - 90. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1983. tb 04728. x" type="journal article" year="1983">Mellinger (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that individual, captive-held specimens each laid eggcases distinct in terms of size, shape and colouration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |